Table
1. Some features of
the biology, host associations and life cycles of Aphidoidea.
The
bracketed figures are total numbers of genera/total numbers of species :
numbers of
genera
known to live on trees/numbers of species known to live on trees. The classification
follows
that used by Remaudière and Remaudière (1997), with the revision of family
names
proposed by Nieto Nafrìa et al. (1998), rather than that of Heie &
Wegierek (2009),
which
raises many subfamilies to family level. Table
3 compares the two classifications.
___________________________________________________________________________
1 ADELGIDAE (2/51 : 2/51) Alternation from galls on Picea to other Pinaceae, holarctic
1.1 Pineini (1/23 : 1/23) Picea to Pinus
1.2 Adelgini (1/28 : 1/28) Picea to Larix, Pseudotsuga, etc.
2 PHYLLOXERIDAE (8/66 : 7/65) Dicotyledons, holarctic
2.1 Phylloxerinini (1/8 : 1/8) Salicaceae, 1 species on Cornaceae
2.2
Phylloxerini (7/58 : 7/57) Mostly nearctic, either forming galls on
Juglandaceae (Carya)
or on leaves of Fagaceae, with at least
two host-alternating between the two,
and a few species on Ulmaceae, Rosaceae and Vitaceae
APHIDIDAE
3 Eriosomatinae (48/301 : 47/235) Most
host-alternating; with dwarf arostrate sexuales,
oviparae produce only one egg
3.1 Eriosomatini (11/90 : 11/65) Galls or pseudogalls on Ulmaceae to various
angiosperms, often on roots, with ants; holarctic
3.2 Pemphigini (19/157 : 18/121) Holarctic
3.2.1 Pemphigina (10/104 : 10/77) Galls on Populus to roots of various herbs, more
rarely trees or aerial parts of herbs
3.2.2 Prociphilina (9/53 : 8/44) Pseudogalls on various dicot trees to roots of
Coniferae, more rarely other plants
3.3 Fordini (18/54:18/49) Alternation from galls on Anacardiaceae
3.3.1 Fordina (13/42 : 13/37) Pistacia, mostly to grass roots with ants, mostly
3.3.2 Melaphidina (5/12:5/12) Rhus, mostly to mosses, mostly oriental, 1 American
genus
4 Hormaphidinae (44/181 : 44/164) Host alternating, with small rostrate sexuales
4.1 Cerataphidini (13/78 :13/63) Galls on Styrax to Gramineae/Poaceae (esp. bamboos),
Palmae/Arecaceae and Zingiberaceae, where often with ants; oriental
4.2 Hormaphidini (3/9 : 3/9) Galls on Hamamelis to Betula, holarctic
4.3 Nipponaphidini (28/94:28/92) Galls on Distylium to Lauraceae, Fagaceae, etc., where
often with ants; oriental
5 Phloeomyzinae (1/1-3 : 1/1-3) Populus, alate sexuales; all viviparae apterous; holarctic
6 Thelaxinae (4/18 : 3/16) Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, often with ants; small
apterous sexuales; holarctic
7 Aiceoniinae (1/14 : 1/9) Lauraceae; alate
males;
8 Anoeciinae (1/20 : 1/12) Alternation, Cornus to roots
of Gramineae/Poaceae; sexuparae
producing small apterous males
9 Tamaliinae (1/4-5 : 0/0) Leaf-galls on Arctostaphylos, nearctic
10
Mindarinae (1/5 : 1/5) Pinaceae; Picea and Abies, few generations per
year, holarctic
11 Drepanosiphinae (5/40 : 5/40) Aceraceae; all viviparae alate; holarctic
12
Neophyllaphidinae (1/15 : 1/15) Podocarpaceae and Auracariaceae;
southern hemisphere;
mountains of tropics and northward to
13 Spicaphidinae (2/13 : 2/13) Nothofagus,
14 Lizeriini (3/24 : 2/22) Mostly Combretaceae,
some Lauraceae, 1 Myrtaceae; South
15
Pterastheniinae (2/4 : 1/2) Leguminosae/Fabaceae,
16
Israelaphidinae (1/4 : 0/0) Gramineae/Poaceae, Mediterranean region
17
Taiwanaphidinae (2/13 : 2/13) 1
genus mostly on Myrtaceae in east and south-east
1 genus on Nothofagus
in
18
Phyllaphidinae (4/15 : 4/15) Fagaceae, holarctic; 1 genus/species on
Lauraceae in
19
Calaphidinae (62/358 : 52/297) Free-living, mostly on leaves of trees;
often with all
viviparae alate, oviparae apterous, mostly
without ants
19.1
Calaphidini (17/75 : 16/67) Betulaceae, holarctic
19.2 Panaphidini
(45/283 : 36/230) Holarctic
19.2.1 Myzocallidina (15/145 : 15/144) Fagaceae,
exceptionally Carpinus, Corylus,
Myrica, Asclepias (1
species on each)
19.2.2 Panaphidina (30/138) : 21/86) Mostly Juglandaceae,
Betulaceae (except Betula),
Ulmaceae, Tiliaceae,
Leguminosae/Fabaceae, Gramineae/Poaceae (bamboos),
some on Lythraceae (Duabanga, Lagerstroemia), Rosaceae (1 on
Prunus)
20 Saltusaphidinae (12/55 : 0/0) Cyperaceae and
Juncaceae; apterous viviparae common; holarctic
21 Macropodaphidinae (1/10 : 0/0) Rosaceae (Potentilla) and Compositae/Asteraceae (Artemisia);
central and
eastern palaearctic
22 Chaitophorinae (11/163 : 6/126) Free-living on leaves and shoots, apterous viviparae
common, often with ants
22.1 Chaitophorini (6/140 : 6/126) Salicaceae, Aceraceae, holarctic
22.2
Siphini (5/23 : 0/0)
Gramineae/Poaceae; holarctic
23
Parachaitophorinae (2/2 : 0/0)
Oriental, on Spiraea
24 Greenideinae (16/150 : 14/117) Mostly on dicot trees, especially Fagaceae,
mostly east Asia
24.1 Greenideini (7/124 : 6/100) Mostly eastern palaearctic; oviparae often alate
24.2
Cervaphidini (6/19 : 5/12) 3
genera in east and south-east
24.3
Schoutedeniini (3/7 : 3/5) Mostly
southern hemisphere; 1 genus in
25
Aphidinae (256/2483 : 68/376) Fundatrices and oviparae large, males
apterous or alate; host
alternation involves alate males returning separately to primary host; worldwide but mostly holarctic.
25.1
Aphidini (29/670 : 17/96) Alternation in many genera but many species
are monoecious;
often with ants
25.1.1 Aphidina (20/585 : 8/70) Mostly Rosidae and Asteridae
25.1.2 Rhopalosiphina (5/80 : 5/23) Alternation, Rosaceae to Gramineae/Poaceae and
Cyperaceae
25.2 Macrosiphini (227/1813 : 51/280) Alternation in many genera but many species are
monoecious on herbs, often without ants
26 Lachninae (19/346 : 14/318) Fundatrices and oviparae large, males alate or apterous
(sometimes small); often with ants; free-living, without host alternation
26.1 Lachnini (10/58 : 8/60) mostly Fagaceae and Rosaceae; holarctic, especially central and
eastern palaearctic
26.2 Eulachnini (5/257 : 5/257) Coniferae; holarctic, more in nearctic than palaearctic
26.3 Tramini (3/21 : 1/1) Roots, mostly Compositae/Asteraceae, 1
genus/species on Tamarix;
palaearctic