Table 1. Some features of the biology, host associations and life cycles of Aphidoidea.

The bracketed figures are total numbers of genera/total numbers of species : numbers of

genera known to live on trees/numbers of species known to live on trees. The classification

follows that used by Remaudière and Remaudière (1997), with the revision of family

names proposed by Nieto Nafrìa et al. (1998), rather than that of Heie & Wegierek (2009),

which raises many subfamilies to family level. Table 3 compares the two classifications.

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1  ADELGIDAE (2/51 : 2/51) Alternation from galls on Picea to other Pinaceae, holarctic

1.1 Pineini (1/23 : 1/23) Picea to Pinus

1.2 Adelgini (1/28 : 1/28) Picea to Larix, Pseudotsuga, etc.

2  PHYLLOXERIDAE (8/66 : 7/65) Dicotyledons, holarctic

2.1 Phylloxerinini (1/8 : 1/8) Salicaceae, 1 species on Cornaceae

2.2 Phylloxerini (7/58 : 7/57) Mostly nearctic, either forming galls on Juglandaceae (Carya)

      or on leaves of Fagaceae, with at least two host-alternating between the two,

      and a few species on Ulmaceae, Rosaceae and Vitaceae

APHIDIDAE

3  Eriosomatinae (48/301 : 47/235) Most host-alternating; with dwarf arostrate sexuales,

    oviparae produce only one egg

3.1  Eriosomatini (11/90 : 11/65) Galls or pseudogalls on Ulmaceae to various

angiosperms, often on roots, with ants; holarctic

3.2  Pemphigini (19/157 : 18/121) Holarctic

3.2.1  Pemphigina (10/104 : 10/77) Galls on Populus to roots of various herbs, more

rarely trees or aerial parts of herbs

3.2.2  Prociphilina (9/53 : 8/44) Pseudogalls on various dicot trees to roots of

Coniferae, more rarely other plants

3.3  Fordini (18/54:18/49) Alternation from galls on Anacardiaceae

3.3.1  Fordina (13/42 : 13/37) Pistacia, mostly to grass roots with ants, mostly

Mediterranean and East Asia, 1 American genus

3.3.2  Melaphidina (5/12:5/12) Rhus, mostly to mosses, mostly oriental, 1 American

genus

4  Hormaphidinae (44/181 : 44/164) Host alternating, with small rostrate sexuales

4.1  Cerataphidini (13/78 :13/63) Galls on Styrax to Gramineae/Poaceae (esp. bamboos),

Palmae/Arecaceae and Zingiberaceae, where often with ants; oriental

4.2  Hormaphidini (3/9 : 3/9) Galls on Hamamelis to Betula, holarctic

4.3  Nipponaphidini (28/94:28/92) Galls on Distylium to Lauraceae, Fagaceae, etc., where

often with ants; oriental

5  Phloeomyzinae (1/1-3 : 1/1-3) Populus, alate sexuales; all viviparae apterous; holarctic

6  Thelaxinae (4/18 : 3/16) Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, often with ants; small

 apterous sexuales; holarctic

7  Aiceoniinae (1/14 : 1/9) Lauraceae; alate males; Asia

8  Anoeciinae (1/20 : 1/12) Alternation, Cornus to roots of Gramineae/Poaceae; sexuparae

 producing small apterous males

9  Tamaliinae (1/4-5 : 0/0) Leaf-galls on Arctostaphylos, nearctic

 10  Mindarinae (1/5 : 1/5) Pinaceae; Picea and Abies, few generations per year, holarctic

 11  Drepanosiphinae (5/40 : 5/40) Aceraceae; all viviparae alate; holarctic

 12  Neophyllaphidinae (1/15 : 1/15) Podocarpaceae and Auracariaceae; southern hemisphere;

 mountains of tropics and northward to China and Japan

 13  Spicaphidinae (2/13 : 2/13) Nothofagus, South America

 14  Lizeriini (3/24 : 2/22) Mostly Combretaceae, some Lauraceae, 1 Myrtaceae; South

America, Africa, 1 species in India

 15  Pterastheniinae (2/4 : 1/2) Leguminosae/Fabaceae, Africa

 16  Israelaphidinae (1/4 : 0/0) Gramineae/Poaceae, Mediterranean region

 17  Taiwanaphidinae (2/13 :  2/13) 1 genus mostly on Myrtaceae in east and south-east Asia,

 1 genus on Nothofagus in Papua New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand

    18  Phyllaphidinae (4/15 : 4/15) Fagaceae, holarctic; 1 genus/species on Lauraceae in Asia

 19  Calaphidinae (62/358 : 52/297) Free-living, mostly on leaves of trees; often with all

 viviparae alate, oviparae apterous, mostly without ants

 19.1  Calaphidini (17/75 : 16/67) Betulaceae, holarctic

 19.2  Panaphidini (45/283 : 36/230) Holarctic

           19.2.1  Myzocallidina (15/145 : 15/144) Fagaceae, exceptionally Carpinus, Corylus,

                      Myrica, Asclepias (1 species on each)

           19.2.2  Panaphidina (30/138) : 21/86) Mostly Juglandaceae, Betulaceae (except Betula),

                       Ulmaceae, Tiliaceae, Leguminosae/Fabaceae, Gramineae/Poaceae (bamboos),

                       some on Lythraceae (Duabanga, Lagerstroemia), Rosaceae (1 on Prunus)

 20  Saltusaphidinae (12/55 : 0/0) Cyperaceae and Juncaceae; apterous viviparae common; holarctic

 21  Macropodaphidinae (1/10 : 0/0) Rosaceae (Potentilla) and Compositae/Asteraceae (Artemisia);

       central and eastern palaearctic

 22 Chaitophorinae (11/163 : 6/126) Free-living on leaves and shoots, apterous viviparae

    common, often with ants

    22.1  Chaitophorini (6/140 : 6/126) Salicaceae, Aceraceae, holarctic

    22.2  Siphini (5/23 : 0/0)  Gramineae/Poaceae; holarctic

 23  Parachaitophorinae (2/2 : 0/0)  Oriental, on Spiraea

 24 Greenideinae (16/150 : 14/117)  Mostly on dicot trees, especially Fagaceae, mostly east Asia

    24.1  Greenideini (7/124 : 6/100)  Mostly eastern palaearctic; oviparae often alate

    24.2  Cervaphidini (6/19 : 5/12)  3 genera in east and south-east Asia, 2 genera in Australia, 1 in

             South America

    24.3  Schoutedeniini (3/7 : 3/5)  Mostly southern hemisphere; 1 genus in Australia, 2 in Africa

 25  Aphidinae (256/2483 : 68/376) Fundatrices and oviparae large, males apterous or alate; host

       alternation involves alate males returning separately to primary host; worldwide but mostly holarctic.

     25.1  Aphidini (29/670 : 17/96) Alternation in many genera but many species are monoecious;

              often with ants

              25.1.1  Aphidina (20/585 : 8/70) Mostly Rosidae and Asteridae

              25.1.2  Rhopalosiphina (5/80 : 5/23) Alternation, Rosaceae to Gramineae/Poaceae and

                          Cyperaceae

     25.2  Macrosiphini (227/1813 : 51/280) Alternation in many genera but many species are

              monoecious on herbs, often without ants

 26  Lachninae (19/346 : 14/318) Fundatrices and oviparae large, males alate or apterous

    (sometimes small); often with ants; free-living, without host alternation

     26.1  Lachnini (10/58 : 8/60) mostly Fagaceae and Rosaceae; holarctic, especially central and

             eastern palaearctic

     26.2  Eulachnini (5/257 : 5/257) Coniferae; holarctic, more in nearctic than palaearctic

     26.3  Tramini (3/21 : 1/1)  Roots, mostly Compositae/Asteraceae, 1 genus/species on Tamarix;

              palaearctic