HOST LISTS AND KEYS FOR EACH PLANT GENUS

(in alphabetical order)

Ros-Ryt

Rosa

Roscoea

Rosmarinus

Rostellularia

Rostraria

Rosularia

Rotheca

Rothia

Rothmannia

Rottboellia

Rotula

Roystonea

Rubia

Rubus

Rudbeckia

Ruellia

Rugelia

Rumex

Rumohra

Ruppia

Russelia

Ruta

Rytidosperma

Rosa (including Hulthemia) Rosaceae

Rosa abyssinica Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Pseudaphis abyssinica

R. acicularis Chaetosiphon thomasi;

[Illinoia sp., New Mexico; A.Jensen, aphidtrek.org];

Longicaudus trirhodus;

Macrosiphum mordvilkoi, rosae, [valerianae];

Maculolachnus sijpkensi, submacula;

Metopolophium alpinum, dirhodum;

Myzaphis bucktoni, rosarum;

Pseudocercidis rosae; Sitobion fragariae

R. ×alba Aphis gossypii; Macrosiphum rosae, mordvilkoi;

Metopolophium dirhodum; Myzaphis bucktoni

R. albertii Amphorophora catharinae;

Chaetosiphon chaetosiphon, tetrarhodum;

Macrosiphum rosae; Maculolachnus submacula;

Metopolophium dirhodum;

Myzaphis bucktoni, juchnevitschae, rosarum, tianshanica

R. alcea [Chaetosiphon thomasi]; Macrosiphum rosae

R. alpina Macrosiphum rosae; Metopolophium alpinum;

Wahlgreniella ossiannilssoni

R. amblyotis Maculolachnus submacula

R. americana Macrosiphum rosae

R. ×andersoni Macrosiphum rosae

R. arvensis Macrosiphum rosae

R. banksiae Macrosiphum rosae; Sitobion ibarae

R. beggeriana Amphorophora catharinae; Aphis craccivora;

Chaetosiphon chaetosiphon; Macrosiphum rosae;

Maculolachnus sijpkensi, submacula;

Metopolophium dirhodum;

Myzaphis bucktoni, rosarum, turanica

R. blanda Metopolophium dirhodum

R. boissieri Macrosiphum rosae; Metopolophium dirhodum

R. bruniana (?) Myzaphis turanica

R. brunonii Chaetosiphon glabum, gracilicorne; Myzaphis bucktoni

R. californica Macrosiphum rosae

R. canina Aphis aurantii, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola;

Amphorophora catharinae; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Chaetosiphon chaetosiphon, tetrarhodum;

Longicaudus dunlopi, trirhodus;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, rosae;

Maculolachnus submacula;

Metopolophium dirhodum, [fasciatum (sexuales only)],

montanum;

Myzaphis bucktoni, rosarum; Myzus persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus; [Pterocomma ?steinheili];

Rhodobium porosum;

Sitobion [aulacorthoides], fragariae, rosaeiformis

R. carolina Chaetosiphon chaetosiphon, [fragaefolii], tetrarhodum,

thomasi;

Macrosiphum impatientis, rosae;

Metopolophium dirhodum; Myzaphis rosarum;

Rhodobium porosum

R. caucasica Macrosiphum rosae; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Sitobion fragariae

R. ×centifolia Aphis fabae, spiraecola; Chaetosiphon tetrarhodum;

Longicaudus trirhodus; Macrosiphum euphorbiae, rosae;

Maculolachnus submacula; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Myzaphis rosarum; Rhodobium porosum;

Sitobion ibarae, rosaeiformis

R. chinensis Aphis gossypii; Longicaudus trirhodus;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, rosae;

Metopolophium dirhodum; Myzaphis rosarum;

Rhodobium porosum; [Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae];

Sitobion fragariae, ibarae, rosivorum

R. cinnamomea = R. majalis

R. clinophylla Raychaudhuriaphis capitata

R. collina = R. gallica × corymbifera

R. coreana Sitobion ibarae

R. corymbifera Amphorophora catharinae; Macrosiphum rosae

R. cuspidata Macrosiphum rosae; Metopolophium dirhodum, montanum;

Sitobion fragariae

R. ×damascena Amphorophora catharinae; Aphis craccivora;

Chaetosiphon chaetosiphon, tetrarhodum;

Macrosiphum rosae; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Myzaphis bucktoni, turanica; Rhodobium porosum;

Sitobion rosaeiformis; Wahlgreniella nervata

R. davidiii Macrosiphum rosae

R. davurica Chaetosiphon coreanum; Longicaudus trirhodus;

Macrosiphum mordvilkoi, rosae; Myzaphis rosarum;

Myzus japonensis

R. deseglisei Macrosiphum rosae

R. dumalis Macrosiphum rosae; Maculolachnus submacula

R. ecae Chaetosiphon chaetosiphon

R. eglanteria Chaetosiphon tetrarhodum; Macrosiphum rosae;

Metopolophium dirhodum

R. fedtschenkoana Amphorophora catharinae; Chaetosiphon chaetosiphon;

Maculolachnus submacula;

Myzaphis bucktoni, rosarum, turanica

R. fendleri Acyrthosiphon pentatrichopus;

Chaetosiphon thomasi, [sp. near thomasi (western USA)];

Eomacrosiphum nigromaculosum;

Maculolachnus submacula

R. floribunda = R. helenae

R. foetida Chaetosiphon thomasi; Macrosiphum euphorbiae, rosae

R. foliolosa Metopolophium dirhodum

R. gallica Aphis fabae; Chaetosiphon chaetosphon, tetrarhodum;

Macrosiphum rosae; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Myzaphis rosarum; Rhodobium porosum;

Sitobion fragariae

R. genuina see R. polyantha

R. glauca = R. rubrifolia

R. gymnocarpa Chaetosiphon thomasi; Ericaphis wakibae;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae

R. helenae Macrosiphum rosae

R. hugonis Macrosiphum rosae

R. iliensis = R. silverhjelmii

R. ilseana Macrosiphum rosae; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Sitobion fragariae

R. indica Aphis fabae; Chaetosiphon tetrarhodum;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, rosae;

Metopolophium dirhodum; Myzaphis rosarum;

Rhodobium porosum;

Sitobion [indicum], [miscanthi], rosaeiformis

R. involucrata = R. clinophylla

R. jundzillii Chaetosiphon tetrarhodum; Macrosiphum rosae;

Metopolophium dirhodum; Sitobion fragariae

R. klukii Macrosiphum rosae; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Sitobion fragariae

R. kokanica Amphorophora catharinae; Chaetosiphon chaetosiphon;

Longicaudus trirhodus; Macrosiphum rosae;

Myzaphis turanica

R. lacerans = R. lehmanniana

R. lagenaria Macrosiphum rosae; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Myzaphis rosarum

R. laevigata [Macrosiphum floridae]

R. laxa Amphorophora catharinae; Longicaudus trirhodus;

Macrosiphum rosae; Maculolachnus submacula;

Metopolophium dirhodum; Myzaphis bucktoni, rosarum

R. lehmanniana Macrosiphum rosae; Metopolophium dirhodum

R. livida Metopolophium dirhodum

R. lucieae Macrosiphum rosae; Myzaphis rosarum

R. lutea = R. foetida

R. macrophylla Chaetosiphon glabrum, gracilicorne; Ericaphis avariolosa;

Longicaudus naumanni; Macrosiphum rosae;

Myzaphis bucktoni, rosarum;

Rhodobium porosum; Sitobion rosaeiformis

R. majalis Chaetosiphon tetrarhodum; Longicaudus trirhodus;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, rosae;

Maculolachnus submacula; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Myzaphis rosarum; Rhodobium porosum;

Sitobion fragariae; Wahlgreniella ossiannilssoni

R. maracandica Amphorophora catharinae

R. marretii Longicaudus trirhodus; Macrosiphum paektusani

R. maximowicziana Aphis neospiraeae; Longicaudus trirhodus;

Macrosiphum mordvilkoi, rosae; Sitobion ibarae

R. medioxima Metopolophium dirhodum, montanum; Sitobion fragariae

R. micrantha Chaetosiphon chaetosiphon, tetrarhodum;

Myzaphis rosarum

R. mollis Macrosiphum rosae; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Sitobion fragariae

R. montana Chaetosiphon chaetosiphon, tetrarhodum;

Longicaudus trirhodus; Macrosiphum rosae;

Metopolophium alpinum, montanum

R. moschata Chaetosiphon glabrum, gracilicorne, tetrarhodum;

Maculolachnus submacula; Myzaphis bucktoni;

Sitobion rosaeiformis

R. multiflora Aphis gossypii; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Chaetosiphon chaetosiphon, coreanum, tetrarhodum,

Chaetosiphon sp. near thomasi (New Zealand);

Longicaudus trirhodus;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, impatientis, mordvilkoi,

[ perillae], rosae;

Maculolachnus submacula; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Myzaphis bucktoni, rosarum, turanica; Myzus japonensis;

Rhodobium porosum;

[Schizoneura rosaefoliae Shinji (nomen dubium)];

Sitobion akebiae, fragariae, ibarae, kamtshaticum

R. nanothamnus Metopolophium dirhodum; Myzaphis rosarum

R. nitida [Chaetosiphon minor]; Macrosiphum rosae;

Metopolophium dirhodum

R. nutkana Eomacrosiphum nigromaculosum;

Ericaphis fimbriata, wakibae;

Macrosiphum rosae; Metopolophium dirhodum

R. obtusifolia = R. klukii

R. omeiensis [Longicaudus netuba]; Myzaphis rosarum

R. palustris Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzaphis bucktoni

R. pendulina Chaetosiphon chaetosiphon, chaetosiphon ssp. montanum,

tetrarhodum;

Longicaudus trirhodus; Macrosiphum rosae;

Maculolachnus submacula;

Metopolophium alpinum, dirhodum, montanum;

Myzus persicae; Sitobion fragariae;

Wahlgreniella ossiannilssoni

R. persica Acyrthosiphon gossypii, [ignotum]; Aphis gossypii

R. pimpinellifolia = R. spinosissima

R. pisocarpa = R. woodsii

R. platyacantha Amphorophora catharinae; Macrosiphum rosae;

Myzaphis bucktoni, rosarum

R. polyantha (incl. genuina) Aphis gossypii; Chaetosiphon coreanum; Sitobion ibarae

R. pomifera Metopolophium alpinum, dirhodum; Myzaphis rosarum

R. pulverulenta Macrosiphum rosae

R. rouletti Chaetosiphon tetrarhodum; Macrosiphum rosae;

Rhodobium porosum

R. rubiginosa [Aphis rosasuaveolens Rafinesque (invalid name)];

Chaetosiphon chaetosiphon, tetrarhodum;

Longicaudus trirhodus; Macrosiphum euphorbiae, rosae;

Metopolophium dirhodum; Myzaphis bucktoni, rosarum;

Sitobion fragariae

R. rubrifolia Ericaphis wakibae; Macrosiphum rosae;

Metopolophium dirhodum;

Myzaphis rosarum

R. rugosa (incl. vars typica, Acyrthosiphon gossypii; [Amphorophora amurensis];

gregeliana) [Anoecia corni]; Aphis gossypii; Brachycaudus helichrysi ;

Chaetosiphon coreanum, [fragaefolii], tetrarhodum,

thomasi;

Ericaphis wakibae; Longicaudus trirhodus;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, mordvilkoi, rosae;

Maculolachnus submacula;

Metopolophium alpinum, dirhodum;

Myzaphis bucktoni, rosarum, turanica;

Myzus japonensis, ornatus, persicae;

Rhodobium porosum

R. sempervirens Longicaudus trirhodus; Macrosiphum rosae

R. sericea (incl. var. pteragantia) Macrosiphum euphorbiae

R. setigera Metopolophium dirhodum; Myzaphis rosarum;

Sitobion fragariae

R. setipoda Chaetosiphon tetrarhodum

R. sherardii Macrosiphum rosae; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Sitobion fragariae

R. sicula Chaetosiphon tetrarhodum; Macrosiphum rosae;

Metopolophium dirhodum; Myzaphis rosarum

R. silverhjelmii Amphorophora catharinae; Maculolachnus submacula;

Myzaphis bucktoni

R. spinossissima Aphis craccivora, spiraecola; Amphorophora catharinae;

Chaetosiphon chaetosiphon, tetrarhodum;

Longicaudus trirhodus; Macrosiphum rosae;

Maculolachnus submacula; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Myzaphis bucktoni, rosarum, turanica; Rhodobium porosum;

Wahlgreniella ossiannilssoni

R. stylosa Chaetosiphon tetrarhodum; Macrosiphum rosae;

Myzaphis rosarum

R. suaveolens Sitobion akebiae, ibarae

R. sweginzowii Macrosiphum rosae; Metopolophium dirhodum

R. tomentosa Myzaphis bucktoni

R. ultramontana see R. woodsii

R. villosa Chaetosiphon tetrarhodum; Longicaudus trirhodus;

Macrosiphum rosae; Maculolachnus submacula;

Metopolophium alpinum, dirhodum;

Myzaphis bucktoni, rosarum, turanica; Myzus persicae

R. virginiana Macrosiphum rosae; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Sitobion fragariae

R. vosagiaca = R. dumalis

R. webbiana Amphorophora catharinae; Chaetosiphon glabrum;

Macrosiphum rosae; Maculolachnus submacula;

Myzaphis rosarum, turanica

R. wichurana = R. lucieae

R. woodsii Chaetosiphon hottesi; Ericaphis wakibae;

(incl. var. ultramontana) Longicaudus trirhodus; Macrosiphum euphorbiae, rosae;

Metopolophium dirhodum, montanum;

Pseudocercidis rosae; Sitobion fragariae

R. xanthina Ferusaphis xanthinae; Myzaphis rosarum;

Rhodobium porosum

R. zagrebiensis Chaetosiphon tetrarhodum; Macrosiphum rosae

Rosa spp. (incl. cult.) Acyrthosiphon malvae group, pseudodirhodum;

[Amphorophora ampullata ssp. bengalensis];

Aphiduromyzus rosae; Aphis odinae, stranvaesiae;

Aulacorthum solani; [Brachycaudus amygdalinus];

[Cavariella aegopodii, salicicola];

Chaetosiphon chaetosiphon ssp. montanum, [jacobi],

Chaetosiphon sp. near glabrum (Kashmir; BMNH

collection, leg. N. Rishi);

[Hyalomyzus raoi];

[Impatientinum asiaticum ssp. dalhousiensis];

Longicaudus himalayensis of David et al. (1970);

[Macrosiphoniella leucanthemi];

Macrosiphum centranthi, [davisi del Guercio ex Mason

1921 (nomen nudum)], [kiowanepus], pachysiphon,

pallidum;

[Matsumuraja capitophoroides, rubifoliae];

Metopolophium [chandrani], rosaesuctum;

Myzaphis oezdemirae, rezwanii, tuatayae;

[Ovatus malisuctus]; [Neomasonaphis inulae];

Neomyzus circumflexus; [Longicaudus netuba];

Pseudocercidis tutigulus; [Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae];

Wahlgreniella nervata

Key to apterae on Rosa:-

Notes: Blackman & Eastop (2000) provided an illustrated key to aphids on cultivated roses. The present key is considerably extended to cover all Rosa spp. Certain Rubus-feeding aphids such as Matsumuraja spp. may sometimes be found on Rosa but are not included, so if this key does not provide a satisfactory answer, it might be worthwhile to try the key to apterae on Rubus. From couplet 8 onwards, the key cannot be applied to fundatrices. Couplets 20-25 are based partly on Kanturski et al. (2018b).

1 ANT PT/BASE 0.25 or less. SIPH as pores on flat dark discs …..2

- ANT PT/BASE more than 0.5. SIPH tubular, conical or absent …..3

2 Dorsal abdominal hairs arising from dark scleroites …..Maculolachnus submacula

- Dorsal abdominal hairs not arising from dark scleroites …..Maculolachnus sijpenski

3 SIPH 0.17-0.55 × cauda, or absent (in fund.). First tarsal segments with 6 hairs …..4

- SIPH at least 0.8 × cauda. First tarsal segments with 2-6 hairs …..7

4 R IV+V 0.85-1.0 × HT II. (Spring populations consisting only of fundatrices without SIPH, and emigrant alatae) …..Longicaudus naumanni

- R IV+V either 0.6-0.8 or c.1.1 × HT II. (Spring populations include 2^nd generation apterae with SIPH 0.17-0.55 × cauda) …..5

5 R IV+V c.1.1 × HT II …..Longicaudus himalayensis of David et al., 1970

- R IV+V 0.6-0.8 × HT II …..6

6 ANT PT/BASE 0.91-1.46. SIPH 0.28-0.41 × cauda …..Longicaudus trirhodus

- ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.1. SIPH 0.17-0.26 × cauda …..Longicaudus dunlopi

7 (Spring colonies consisting only of fundatrices and emigrant alatae.) SIPH clavate, pale on basal 0.4 but dark distally, about 2 × cauda which bears 5 hairs. ANT III with (0-) 1-4 rhinaria clustered near base .....Wahlgreniella ossiannilssoni

- Spring populations with 2^nd and/or 3^rd generation apterae, and without that combination of characters .....8

8 Dorsal body hairs long and usually thick, with expanded or capitate apices, often much longer than ANT BD III, and arising from prominent tuberculate bases (usually such hairs are on all tergites, but in one species only on head and ABD TERG 8 or 7-8). First tarsal segments with 5 hairs …..9

- Dorsal body hairs with blunt or pointed apices, usually shorter than or as short as ANT BD III, or if longer then pointed and/or without prominent tuberculate bases. First tarsal segments with 2-6 hairs …..16

9 SIPH bearing several long capitate hairs …..10

- SIPH without capitate hairs …..11

10 SIPH 1.25-1.75 × cauda. R IV+V 1.05-1.35 × HT II. Hairs on ANT IV and V similar in length to, or only a little shorter than, those on ANT III …..Chaetosiphon chaetosiphon

- SIPH 2.0-3.2 × cauda. R IV+V 0.85-1.0 × HT II. Hairs on ANT IV and V all clearly shorter than the longest hairs on ANT III, and shorter than basal diameters of the segmenets on which they are placed …..Chaetosiphon gracilicorne

11 Dorsal hairs on ABD TERG 1-7 all very small, long hairs only being present on head and ABD TERG 8 or 7-8 …...Chaetosiphon sp. near glabrum

- ABD TERG 1-7 with long hairs …..12

12 ANT PT/BASE less than 2 …..13

- ANT PT/BASE more than 2 (except fundatrices) …..14

13 SIPH less than 1.5 × cauda. Dorsal hairs tapering, with apices only slightly expanded. Tergum wrinkled, with dusky cross-bands …..Chaetosiphon glabrum

- SIPH more than 2 × cauda. Dorsal hairs very thick, almost cylindrical, with apices markedly expanded. Tergum papillated and pale …..Chaetosiphon coreanum

14 Head spinulose dorsally. SIPH more than 2.5 × cauda. R IV+V with 3-6 accessory hairs …..Chaetosiphon thomasi

- Head smooth dorsally. SIPH less than 2.5 × cauda. R IV+V with 9-16 accessory hairs …..15

15 Spinal hairs on ABD TERG 1-7 duplicated. Cauda thick and blunt, with 6-9 hairs

…..Chaetosiphon tetrarhodum

- Spinal hairs on ABD TERG 1-7 not duplicated. Cauda tapering to a rather acute apex, with 5-6 hairs …..Chaetosiphon hottesi

16 Dorsal thoracic and abdominal cuticle strongly rugose, papillate or variolate. ANT PT/BASE often less than 1.8 …..17

- Dorsal cuticle smooth, or if somewhat rugose then wrinkled or corrugated. ANT PT/BASE mostly more than 1.8 …..26

17 ANT tubercles well developed and bearing forwardly-directed processes. Median frontal tubercle undeveloped. SIPH strongly clavate, more than 3 × cauda, which is swollen on basal half …..Ferusaphis xanthinae*

- ANT tubercles undeveloped or developed but lacking forwardly-directed processes. SIPH cylindrical or clavate, and less than 3 × cauda, which is not swollen basally …..18

18 ANT tubercles well developed, divergent, and median frontal process undeveloped, so that there is a frontal sinus. ANT 0.9-1.25 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE 2.6-3.6. First tarsal segments with 3 hairs. R IV+V stiletto-shaped, 1.3-1.6 × HT II

…..Raychaudhuriaphis capitata*

- ANT tubercles weakly developed, but median frontal tubercle often very well developed, and middle part of front of head furthest forward in dorsal view, so that there is no frontal sinus. ANT less than 0.5 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE 0.7-1.8. First tarsal segments with 5 hairs. R IV+V not stiletto-shaped, 0.7-1.1 × HT II …..19

19 Front of head broadly convex or almost straight in dorsal view, with no distinct median tubercle …..20

- Median frontal tubercle evident, quadrate or rounded in shape …..21

20 Dorsum dark. ANT V 0.57–0.68 × ANT III. Longest frontal hairs 1.25–1.35 × BD III. SIPH clavate, 1.5-1.9 × cauda …..Myzaphis juchnevitschae*

- Dorsum pale. ANT V 0.57–0.68 × ANT III. Longest frontal hairs 0.43–0.54 × BD III. SIPH not clavate, tapering towards apex, 1.7-2.2 × cauda …..Myzaphis tuatayae*

21 Dorsal body hairs long and pointed, 55-90 μm, much longer than ANT BD III

…..Myzaphis tianshanica*

- Dorsal body hairs short and blunt, 4-25 μm, much shorter than ANT BD III …..22

22 Median frontal tubercle gently rounded, with hairs 0.9-2.0 × ANT BD III …..23

- Median frontal tubercle quadrate or steep-sided (although sometimes rather low), with hairs 0.3-1.7 × ANT BD III …..24

23 Dorsum with two broad dark longitudinal pleural stripes …..Myzaphis bucktoni

- Dorsum pale, without two dark longitudinal pleural stripes …..Myzaphis rezwanii*

24 Median frontal tubercle usually with 2 hairs, 0.3-0.6 × ANT BD III. ANT PT/BASE 1.25-1.75. SIPH clavate. Subgenital plate with only 4-7 hairs in total …..Myzaphis rosarum

- Median frontal tubercle more rounded, sometimes rather low, with 2-4 hairs 0.8-1.1 × BD III. ANT PT/BASE 0.8-1.4. SIPH cylindrical or only very slightly swollen distally . Subgenital plate with 9-12 hairs …..25

25 R IV+V 0.3-0.5 × ANT III. ANT VI (incl. PT) 0.8-1.2 × ANT III. Abdomen pale, without darker longitudinal stripes …..Myzaphis turanica

- R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × ANT III. ANT VI (incl. PT) 1.3-1.8 × ANT III. Abdomen with two narrow darker longitudinal stripes …..Myzaphis oezdemirae*

26 Head with numerous spicules, at least on ventral surface. ANT tubercles are steep-sided and spiculose or scabrous …..27

- Head without spicules, or with a few minute ones. ANT tubercles variously developed, if well developed then with smooth divergent inner faces …..35

27 First tarsal segments with 5 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.0 …..Ericaphis avariolosa

- First tarsal segments with 2-3 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-5.5 …..28

28 ANT III with (2-)5-18 rather large rhinaria in a row, the sensoriated part often being infuscated. Cauda with 5-8 (usually 7) hairs, the basal 4 hairs being long and pointed and the distal 3-4 short and blunt …..Rhodobium porosum

- ANT III without rhinaria or with 1-4 small rhinaria near base. Distal caudal hairs not evidently shorter than basal ones …..29

29 Dorsum with a large black U-shaped patch, and broad dark cross bars or paired patches on thorax …..Neomyzus circumflexus

- Dorsum without a U-shaped patch, with or without other pigmentation …..30

30 ANT III with 1-2 (-4) small rhinaria near base (rarely 0 on one side) …..Aulacorthum solani

- ANT III without rhinaria …..31

31 SIPH clavate. R IV+V 0.9-1.0 (-1.1) × HT II …..Myzus persicae

- SIPH cylindrical or tapering, or slightly swollen subapically, in which case R IV+V is more than 1.1 × HT II …..32

32 Dorsum with an intersegmental pattern of dark ornamentation. ANT 0.5-0.6 × BL.

ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.8 …..Myzus ornatus

- Dorsum with or without more extensive dark sclerotisation. ANT 0.65-1.2 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE 2.5-5.0 …..33

33 Head densely spiculose dorsally as well as ventrally. Inner faces of ANT tubercles with apically convergent processes. Median frontal tubercle undeveloped. R IV+V 1.3-1.4 × HT II. SIPH 2.5-2.8 × cauda, which is constricted near base …..Myzus japonensis

- Dorsal surface of head without or with only a few spicules. Inner sides of ANT tubercles not apically convergent. R IV+V 0.8-1.4 × HT II. SIPH 1.5-2.7 × cauda, which is not constricted at base …..34

34 SIPH 1.5-1.9 × cauda. R IV+V less than 0.12 mm, 0.8-1.1 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen always pale and membranous …..Ericaphis fimbriata

- SIPH 2.0-2.7 × cauda. R IV+V usually more than 0.12 mm, 1.1-1.4 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen sclerotic, usually with an ill-defined darker mid-dorsal region of varying extent

…..Ericaphis wakibae

35 SIPH pale and 0.17-0.36 mm long, 0.06-0.14 × BL. First tarsal segments all with either 5 or 6 hairs. ANT II with 5-7 hairs. R IV+V 0.55-0.70 × HT II …..36

- SIPH dark or pale, but if pale then more than 0.36 mm long, and more than 0.14 × BL. First tarsal segments with 2, 3 or 5 hairs. ANT II with 4 hairs and/or R IV+V more than 0.75 × HT II …..37

36 First tarsal segments with 5 hairs (1 sense peg). Cauda triangular, a little longer than its basal width, with rather pointed apex …..Pseudocercidis tutigulus

- First tarsal segments with 6 hairs (2 sense pegs). Cauda pentagonal or rounded apically, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view …..Pseudocercidis rosae

37 SIPH with subapical reticulation (at least 3-4 rows of closed polygonal cells) …..38

- SIPH without subapical polygonal reticulation, or with no more than 2 rows of closed polygonal cells …..53

38 Front of head almost flat or slightly domed in dorsal view, completely lacking antennal tubercles. Subapical reticulation consisting of no more than 5 rows of closed cells

…..Pseudaphis abyssinica (part)

- Antennal tubercles moderately to well developed. Subapical reticulation usually more extensive …..39

39 Longest hairs on ANT III are 0.6 or more × BD III …..40

- Longest hairs on ANT III are 0.55 or less × BD III …..48

40 SIPH pale at least on basal half, sometimes dusky towards apices …..41

- SIPH dark, except sometimes at extreme bases …..42

41 ANT 0.9-1.4 × BL. Longest hair on ABD TERG 3 is 21-37 μm long. Cauda has 8-12 hairs

…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- ANT 1.3-1.7 × BL. Longest hair on ABD TERG 3 is 33-49 μm long. Cauda has 10-19 hairs

…..Macrosiphum centranthi

42 ANT III without rhinaria. SIPH with reticulation consisting of more than 20 rows of numerous small polygonal cells on distal c.0.3 of length. First tarsal segments with 5 hairs

…..Eomacrosiphum nigromaculosum

- ANT III with 1 or more rhinaria. SIPH with reticulation consisting of less than 12 rows of large polygonal cells, on distal 0.1-0.2 of length. First tarsal segments with 3 hairs …..43

43 SIPH thick, tapering, c. 6-7 × longer than their diameter at midlength, and with a very small flange …..Macrosiphum pachysiphon

- SIPH almost cylindrical for most of length, 9-20 × longer than their diameter at midlength, and usually with a rather well-developed flange …..44

44 Head black. SIPH entirely dark. ANT III with 10-36 rhinaria …..45

- Head pale/dusky. SIPH usually pale at extreme bases. ANT III with 1-31 rhinaria …..46

45 ANT III with a cluster of 10-35 rhinaria concentrated on basal part …..Macrosiphum rosae

- ANT III with 23-36 rhinaria distributed over most of length …..Macrosiphum mordvilkoi

46 ANT III pale, with 19-31 rhinaria …..Macrosiphum paektusani

- ANT III pale or dark, with 1-18 rhinaria …..47

47 ANT III, and usually also tibiae, entirely dark (although populations persisting on roses until late summer may have paler appendages). ABD TERG 7 and 8 each usually with a pair of spinal tubercles (STu) …..Macrosiphum pallidum

- ANT III pale except for rhinariated part and extreme tip, and tibiae usually with pale middle sections. ABD TERG 7 and 8 usually without STu …..Macrosiphum impatientis

48 Femora with at least distal 0.25 very dark …..49

- Femora pale, sometimes shading to dusky/dark at apices …..52

49 Cauda 0.15-0.20 × BL and 0.5-0.7 × SIPH …..50

- Cauda 0.09-0.125 × BL and 0.3-0.4 × SIPH …..51

50 R IV+V 0.95-1.2 × HT II. ANT tubercle with 3 hairs. ANT III with 4-10 rhinaria on swollen basal part .....Sitobion ibarae

- R IV+V 0.65-0.85 × HT II. ANT tubercle with 1 hair. ANT III with 1-5 rhinaria

.....Sitobion akebiae

51 BL c. 4 mm. ANT III pale except at apices, with 6-12 rhinaria not in a single row, and longest hairs c.0.3 × BD III …..Sitobion rosivorum*

- BL 2.5-2.9 mm. ANT III entirely dark with 5-9 rhinaria in a single row, with hairs that are all minute, the longest being c.0.2 × BD III Sitobion kamtshaticum

52 Longest hairs on ANT III 20-27 μm, 0.4-0.55 × BD III. R IV+V with 7-9 accessory hairs. SIPH 1.5-2.0 × cauda, which tapers to a pointed apex …..Sitobion rosaeiformis

- Longest hairs on ANT III 14-22 μm, 0.3-0.4 × BD III. R IV+V with 5-6 accessory hairs. SIPH 1.8-2.7 × cauda, which has a blunt, rounded apex …..Sitobion fragariae

53 ANT tubercles well developed, with divergent inner faces. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu). ANT III with 0-30 rhinaria, if the number is small then they are concentrated on basal part …..54

- ANT tubercles absent, or if weakly developed then ABD TERG 1 and 7 have MTu. ANT III usually without rhinaria, or with 1-4 on distal half …..64

54 ANT III longer than ANT IV+V together, thickened, and bearing 20-40 rhinaria, not in a single row. Dorsal abdomen with extensive dark pigmentation. Femora dark except at bases. Cauda dark …..Aphiduromyzus rosae

- ANT III not longer than ANT IV + V together, and bearing 0-30 rhinaria, if with more than 10 they are in a single row. Body and appendages mainly pale …..55

55 SIPH very long, 0.37-0.5 × BL …..56

- SIPH 0.14-0.35 × BL …..57

56 Longest hairs on ANT III more than 0.6 × BD III. SIPH slightly swollen on distal part

…..Amphorophora catharinae

- Longest hairs on ANT III less than 0.5 × BD III. SIPH thin and cylindrical on distal part

…..Acyrthosiphon gossypii

57 SIPH clavate. ANT III without rhinaria. R IV+V 1.0-1.5 × HT II. Cauda with 4-6 (usually 5) hairs …..Wahlgreniella nervata

- SIPH tapering, cylindrical or slightly expanded apically. ANT III usually with rhinaria. R IV+V 0.6-1.5 × HT II. Cauda with 5-12 (usually at least 7) hairs …..58

58 ANT PT more than 2.2 × SIPH, which are only 0.8-1.2 × cauda

…..Acyrthosiphon pseudodirhodum

- ANT PT less than 2.1 × SIPH, which are 1.4-4.0 × cauda …..59

59 R IV+V 1.0-1.5 × HT II, and bearing (7-)10-18 accessory hairs. ANT PT/BASE 4.4-7.5

…..Acyrthosiphon malvae (s. lat.)

- R IV+V 0.55-0.95 × HT II and bearing 2-11 accessory hairs. ANT PT/BASE 2.5-7.5 …..60

60 First tarsal segments with 5 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 5.1-7.5

…..Acyrthosiphon pentatrichopus

- First tarsal segments with 3 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 2.0-5.2 …..61

61 SIPH more than 0.65 mm long, 0.25-0.35 × BL …..62

- SIPH less than 0.65 mm long, 0.15-0.24 × BL …..63

62 ANT III with 16-24 rhinaria in a row extending over most of length. Hairs on ABD TERG 8 c. 65 μm long …..Metopolophium rosaesuctum*

- ANT III with 0-3 small rhinaria near base. Hairs on ABD TERG 8 up to c. 45 μm long

…..Metopolophium alpinum

63 SIPH 1.35-1.75 × cauda. R IV+V 0.6-0.7 × HT II, with 4-7 accessory hairs. SIPH with rather weak imbrication …..Metopolophium dirhodum

- SIPH 2.0-2.5 × cauda. R IV+V 0.75-0.85 × HT II, with 6-10 accessory hairs. SIPH with coarse imbrication …..Metopolophium montanum

64 SIPH pale or dusky. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu. R IV+V with 4-9 accessory hairs

…..Pseudaphis abyssinica (part)

- SIPH dark. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu. R IV+V with 2(-3) accessory hairs …..65

65 Stridulatory apparatus present, with ridges on abdominal sternites 6 and 7 and a row of

peg-like hairs on hind tibiae …..66

- No stridulatory apparatus …..67

66 SIPH 0.4-0.7 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 2.3-3.4. ABD TERG 8 with 4-12 hairs

…..Aphis odinae

- SIPH 1.1-1.5 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 3.5-5.3. ABD TERG 8 with 2-3 hairs

…..Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

67 Longest hairs on ANT III 0.4-0.7 (-0.8) × BD III. Cauda with 4-7(-9) hairs …..68

- Longest hairs on ANT III (0.5-) 0.7-2.2 × BD III. Cauda with (7-) 8-25 hairs …..69

68 Dorsal abdomen with an extensive black shield. SIPH and cauda both black

…..Aphis craccivora

- Dorsal abdomen without dark markings. Cauda paler than SIPH …..Aphis gossypii

69 ANT III-VI and tibiae almost entirely black. MTu usually present on ABD TERG 2 and 4

as well as 1 and 7 …..Aphis stranvaesiae

- ANT III-VI and tibiae mainly pale or dusky, only dark apically. MTu only sporadically present on ABD TERG 2-4 …..70

70 Dorsal abdomen without dark markings. SIPH 1.1-1.45 × ANT III and 2.8-3.4 × ANT BASE VI. Cauda with 7-15 hairs (usually 9-11) …..Aphis spiraecola

- Dorsal abdomen with dark markings. SIPH 0.6-1.1 × ANT III and 1.5-2.7 × ANT BASE VI. Cauda with 9-25 hairs (often more than 15) …..71

71 Dorsal abdomen often with dark median sclerites on ABD TERG 1-6, sometimes fused between segments. SIPH 0.7-1.0 × cauda, which is finger-shaped, with a constriction

…..Aphis neospireae

- Dorsal abdomen with only scattered small, mainly intersegmental sclerites on ABD TERG 1-6. SIPH usually longer than cauda, which is tongue-shaped, without a constriction

…..Aphis fabae

Roscoea Zingiberaceae

Roscoea sp. Pentalonia nigronervosa

Rosmarinus Lamiaceae

Rosmarinus officinalis Aphis [affinis], gossypii, spiraecola, [Aphis sp. (Cocuzza et

al. 2014)];

[Eucarazzia elegans]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus, persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Rostellularia see Justicia Acanthaceae

Rostraria (including Lophochloa) Poaceae

Rostraria cristata Israelaphis carmini; Rhopalosiphum maidis, padi;

Sipha maydis; Sitobion fragariae

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Rosularia Crassulaceae

Rosularia platyphylla Aphis sedi

R. schischkinii Aphis sedi

R. sempervivoides Aphis sedi

Rotheca Lamiaceae

Rotheca serrata [Mollitrichosiphum nandii]

Rothia Fabaceae

Rothia hirsuta Aphis gossypii

Rothmannia Rubiaceae

Rothmannia capensis Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus

Rottboellia Poaceae

Rottboellia cochinchinensis Aphis gossypii; Rhopalosiphum maidis

R. exaltata = Ophiuros exaltatus

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Rotula Boraginaceae

Rotula sp. Aphis gossypii

Roystonea Arecaceae

Roystonea oleracea Cerataphis lataniae

R. regia Cerataphis brasiliensis

Use key to aphids on palms under Calamus.

Rubia Rubiaceae

Rubia agostinhoi Dysaphis pyri

R. akane = R. argyi

R. argyi Aphis gossypii, [rhamnicola]; [Cavariella heraclei];

[Macrosiphum rubifoliae Shinji 1922 (nomen dubium)]

R. chinensis Aphis gossypii

R. cordifolia Aphis citricidus, fabae, gossypii, solanella, spiraecola;

(incl. var. munjista) Brachycaudus helichrysi;

[Macrosiphum rubifoliae Shinji 1922 (nomen dubium)];

[Melanaphis sacchari]; [Myzakkaia verbasci];

Myzus cerasi, cerasi ssp. umefoliae, [mumecola], ornatus;

Neomyzus circumflexus

R. dolichophylla Aphis galiiscabri

R. fruticosa Aphis solanella, spiraecola

R. peregrina Aphis fabae, [sambuci]; Dysaphis pyri;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus cerasi;

Staegeriella necopinata

R. tatarica Aphis gossypii

R. tenuifolia Aphis fabae

R. tinctorum Aphis fabae, galiiscabri, rubiae;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae

Key to apterae on Rubia:-

1 Dorsal abdomen with an extensive black sclerotic shield. ANT tubercles well developed, scabrous, and head densely spiculose. SIPH black, coarsely imbricated, 2.3-2.8 × cauda and 1.3-1.8 × ANT III …..Myzus cerasi (incl. ssp. umefoliae)

- Without that combination of characters …..2

2 Head and ABD TERG 7 and 8 with spinal tubercles (STu), usually paired. ABD TERG 1-5 with marginal tubercles (MTu). Cauda short, helmet-shaped with 5 (or sometimes 6) hairs

.....Dysaphis pyri

- STu absent from head, rarely on ABD TERG 7-8. IF ABD TERG 2-5 all with MTu then they are also present on ABD TERG 7. Cauda short or long, often with more hairs .....3

3 SIPH (Fig. 29i) short and thick, conical, only 0.5-0.8 × the finger-like cauda. MTu absent

…..Staegeriella necopinata

- SIPH 0.5-2.5 × cauda, but if less than 0.8 × then ABD TERG 1 and 7 have MTu …..4

4 First tarsal segments all with 2 hairs (i.e. all lacking sense pegs). SIPH black, ANT tubercles weakly developed. Prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles. Longest hairs on ANT III less than 0.4 × BD III …..Aphis rubiae

- First tarsal segments with 3-3-2 or 3-3-3 hairs, i.e. at least first segments of fore and mid-tarsi with sense pegs, and other characters not in that combination …..5

5 ANT PT/BASE 1.4-2.2. SIPH 0.5-0.95 × cauda. R IV+V 0.6-0.95 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen usually with a pair of large black sclerites anterior to SIPH (Fig.29a) .….Aphis galiiscabri

- Without that combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Rubus (including Bossekia, Cylactis) Rosaceae

R. aculeatissimus Matsumuraja rubi

R. allegheniensis Aphis rubifolii; Aulacorthum solani; Ericaphis wakibae;

Prociphilus erigeronensis

R. apetalus Aphis gossypii; Aulacorthum solani; Myzus ornatus;

Pseudaphis abyssinica

R. arcticus Amphorophora rubi; Aulacorthum solani;

Macrosiphum chukotense, euphorbiae, rubiarctici

R. argutus see R. ostryfolius

R. asper Acyrthosiphon rubi

R. caesius Acyrthosiphon [gossypii], rubi;

Amphorophora amurensis, rubi, rubi ssp. zhuravieni;

Aphis idaei, ruborum; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Illinoia davidsoni; Macrosiphum funestum;

Sitobion fragariae

R. caesius var. turkestanicus = R. caesius

R. calcynoides = R. rolfei

R. canadensis = R. flagellaris

R. candicans Aphis ruborum

R. canescens = R. tomentosus var. canescens

R. chamaemorus [Acyrthosiphon sp. aff. knechteli]; Amphorophora rubi;

Aphis frangulae, rubiradicis, ruborum;

Aulacorthum cylactis, solani; Ericaphis wakibae;

Macrosiphum chukotense, euphorbiae, rubiarctici

R. corchorifolius Aphis ichigocola; Matsumuraja rubicola, rubifoliae

R. coreanus Aphis ichigo; Matsumuraja rubi

R. corylifolius [Amphorophora sp. (as rubi)]

R. crataegifolius Aphis ichigo, ichigocola; Matsumuraja rubi;

Sitobion akebiae

R. cuneifolius Aphis rubifolii

R. dalmaticus [Longicaudus trirhodus]

R. deliciosa (= Bossekia deliciosa) Utamphorophora bossekiae

R. discolor = R. rigidus

R. dumetorum Amphorophora rubi

R. ellipticus Acyrthosiphon [malvae], rubi ssp. elliptici, rubifoliae;

[Amphorophora sp.];

Aphis aurantii, fabae, gossypii, longisetosa, rubifolii,

ruborum;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; [Capitophorus carduinus];

Hyalomyzus raoi; [Hyperomyzus carduellinus];

Macrosiphum pachysiphon; Matsumuraja capitophoroides;

Microlophium rubiformosanum;

Myzus ornatus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus;

[Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale]; Sitobion fragariae

R. fissus [Amphorophora sp. (as rubi; Janiszewska 1963, 494)];

Aphis idaei, ruborum; Macrosiphum funestum

R. flagellaris Aphis rubifolii

R. frondosus = R. villosus var. frondosus

R. fruticosus Acyrthosiphon rubi, rubifoliae; Amphorophora rubi;

Aphis [idaei], longisetosa, ruborum; Aulacorthum solani;

[Chaetosiphon glabrum]; [Hyadaphis coriandri];

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, funestum, rosae;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Sitobion fragariae

R. geniculatus Amphorophora rubi; Macrosiphum funestum

R. glandulosus Macrosiphum funestum

R. glandulosus ssp. koehleri Amphorophora rubi

R. hedycarpus ssp. procerus see R. procerus

R. hirsutus Aulacorthum solani; Matsumuraja rubifoliae

R. hirtus Amphorophora rubi; Aphis ruborum;

Macrosiphum funestum

R. hispidus [Hyalomyzus eriobotryae]

R. hochstetterorum Aphis ruborum

R. idaeus [Acyrthosiphon malvae];

Amphorophora amurensis, idaei, [rubi];

Aphis gossypii, idaei, ruborum; [Keltenbachiella pallida];

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, funestum;

Matsumuraja hirakurensis,rubi, rubifoliae, taisetsusana;

[Myzaphis bucktoni]; Myzus ornatus;

[Pachypappa warschavensis]; Pemphigus rubiradicis;

Rubiaphis altaica; Sitobion fragariae

R. idaeus var. aculeatissimus = R. sachaliensis

R. idaeus var. melanolasius Amphorophora agathonica; Aphis idaei; Illinoia rubicola

R. idaeus ssp. strigosus = R. strigosus

R. illecebrosus [Rhopalosiphoninus ichigo (Shinji 1922)]

R. insularis Amphorophora rubi

R. koelheri = R. glandulosus ssp. koehleri

R. laciniatus Amphorophora rubitoxica; Aphis rubifolii, ruborum;

Sitobion fragariae

R. lasiocarpus = R. niveus

R. leucodermis = Melanobatus leucodermis

R. lineatus Aphis longisetosa

R. loganobaccus = R.ursinus var. loganobaccus

R. longisepalus Aphis ichigo

R. macilentus Macrosiphum pachysiphon; Matsumuraja capitophoroides

R. macropetalus = R.ursinus ssp. macropetalus

R. micans Amphorophora rubi

R. microphyllus Aphis ichigo; Matsumuraja nuditerga, rubi, rubifoliae

R. ×mollifolius Aphis ichigo

R. mollucata (?) Hyalomyzus raoi

R. moluccanus [Amphorophora sp. (Raychaudhuri 1984)]; Aphis gossypii

R. multiflorus Sitobion fragariae

R. myricae Amphorophora rubi

R. nemorosus Amphorophora rubi

R. nessensis Amphorophora rubi; Aphis ruborum;

Aulacorthum nessensis; Sitobion fragariae

R. nitidus Macrosiphum funestum

R. niveus Acyrthosiphon rubi; [Aphis sp. (David et al. 1971e)];

Macrosiphum pachysiphon;

Matsumuraja capitophoroides, rubifoliae;

[Myzus sp. (Raychaudhuri, 1984]; Sitobion rosaeiformis

R. nutkanus see R. parviflorus

R. occidentalis Amphorophora agathonica, rubicumberlandi, rubitoxica,

sensoriata, tigwatensa;

Aphis idaei, rubicola, rubifolii;

[“Capitophorus sp.” (Cutright 1925)];

[Pemphigus rubi Thomas (= populitransversus?)]

R. odoratus Amphorophora agathonica; [Aphis idaei]; Macrosiphum sp.

R. opulifolius Metopolophium chandrani

R. palmatus Aphis longisetosa;

Matsumuraja nuditerga, rubi, rubifoliae, rubiphila;

Myzus persicae

R. paniculatus Hyalomyzus raoi

R. parviflorus (incl. R. nutkanus) Amphorophora agathonica, pacifica, parviflori;

Illinoia davidsoni, maxima, [rubicola];

[Macrosiphum sp. (Leonard 1974)]; Myzus ornatus

R. parvifolius Aphis ichigocola; Sitobion akebiae

R. peltatus Aphis ichigo; Matsumuraja sorini

R. phoenicolasius Aphis ichigo, idaei; Amphorophora agathonica

R. pinnatus Aphis gossypii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

R. plicatus Amphorophora rubi; Aphis ruborum;

Macrosiphum funestum; Sitobion fragariae

R. polyanthemus Amphorophora rubi

R. procerus Amphorophora agathonica, tigwatensa; Aphis rubifolii;

Myzus persicae

R. pubescens Amphorophora stolonis; Ericaphis wakibae

R. radula Amphorophora rubi

R. reticulatus Hyalomyzus raoi

R. ribisoideus Matsumuraja rubi

R. rigidus Aphis ruborum

R. riograndis Aphis gossypii

R. rolfei Aulacorthum solani

R. rosaefolius = R. rosifolius

R. rosifolius Acyrthosiphon rubifoliae; Aphis gossypii, longisetosa;

Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum pachysiphon;

Matsumuraja capitophoroides, rubifoliae, Matsumuraja sp.

(Queensland; BMNH collection, leg. V.F.Eastop, 2n=18)

Myzus ornatus

R. rosifolius var maximowiczii Matsumuraja rubifoliae; Microlophium rubiformosanum

R. rugosus Matsumuraja capitophoroides

R. sachalinensis Amphorophora amurensis; Aphis ichigo, idaei;

Matsumuraja rubi, taisetsusana

R. sanctus see R. sanguineus

R. sanguineus Aphis craccivora, ruborum; Myzus persicae

R. saxatilis Amphorophora rubi; Aphis idaei, ruborum;

Aulacorthum cylactis; Macrosiphum funestum, rubiarctici;

Myzus ascalonicus; Sitobion fragariae

R. spectabilis Amphorophora forbesi; Illinoia maxima;

(= Parmena spectabilis) Macrosiphum euphorbiae

R. spinosus (?) Acyrthosiphon rubi

R. stellatus Macrosiphum rubiarctici

R. strigosus Amphorophora agathonica, [rubi];

Aphis idaei, rubicola, rubifolii; Aulacorthum solani;

Illinoia rubicola; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Sitobion fragariae

R. sulcatus Amphorophora rubi

R. takesimensis Aphis ichigo

R. tomentosus var. canescens Amphorophora rubi; Aphis ruborum;

Macrosiphum funestum

R. trifidus Aphis ichigo; Matsumuraja rubi;

[Rhopalosiphoninus ichigo (Shinji 1922)]

R. turkestanicus Acyrthosiphon rubi

R. turquinensis Aphis spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani;

Neomyzus circumflexus

R. ulmifolius Acyrthosiphon rubi; Amphorophora idaei, rubi, parviflori;

Aphis [affinis], ruborum; Aulacorthum solani;

Macrosiphum funestum, rosae; Myzus persicae;

Sitobion fragariae

R. ursinus var. loganobaccus Aphis idaei, rubifolii; Illinoia davidsoni;

[Hyperomyzus lactucae]

R. ursinus ssp. macropetalus Amphorophora parviflori, rubitoxica

R. ursinus var. vitifolius Amphorophora rubitoxica

R. urticifolius Myzus ornatus; [Sipha flava]

R. ×vendrariensis Amphorophora rubi

R. vestitus Aphis ruborum

R. villosus var. frondosus Aphis rubifolii, spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani;

Illinoia rubicola

R. vitifolius = R. ursinus var. vitifolius

R. volkensii Myzus ornatus

R. wahlbergii Aphis ruborum

R. xylenica (?) Matsumuraja capitophoroides

Rubus sp. Amphorophora [bonnevilla (al. only)], kesocqua;

[Aphis rubicolens (nomen dubium)];

[Betulaphis longicornis]; Hyalomyzus himachali;

[Illinoia reticulata]; [Longicaudus himalayensis];

Macrosiphum pallidum, [rudbeckiarum],

Macrosiphum sp. (Korea, leg. W.H. Paik);

Maculolachnus rubi;

Matsumuraja formosana, rubea, urticae;

Metopolophium lacheni; Paraphorodon omeishanensis;

[Sappaphis piri];

Sitobion [aulacorthoides, cornifoliae], kamtshaticum;

[Tuberoaphis hydrangeae ssp. digitata]

Key to apterae on Rubus:-

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 1. SIPH either absent or as pores on low dark hairy cones …..2

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH tubular …..4

2 SIPH as pores on low dark hairy cones. ANT densely hairy, with sec. rhinaria on ANT III-VI, and PT/BASE 0.5-0.6 …..Maculolachnus rubi

- SIPH absent. ANT sparsely hairy, without sec. rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5 …..3

3 R IV+V 0.08-0.12 mm long, and without accessory hairs. Hairs at apices of tibiae and on first tarsal segments short and thick. Cauda and anal plate not projecting posteriorly

…..Pemphigus spp.

- R IV+V 0.13-0.175 mm long, with 4-8 accessory hairs. Hairs at apices of tibiae and on first tarsal segments long and fine. Cauda and anal plate forming a dark posterior projection of the abdomen …..Prociphilus erigeronensis

4 Dorsal body, or at least front of head and ABD TERG 7 and 8, with long, capitate hairs, the longest at least 1.5 × longer than ANT BD III., arising from prominent tuberculate bases. ANT I often with a prominent projection on inner side at apex (but ANT tubercles without projections). Head finely spiculose …..5

- Dorsal hairs all less than 1.5 × BD III or if longer then with pointed or blunt apices and not arising from tuberculate bases. ANT I without a projection (unless ANT tubercle has a much longer projection). Head spiculose, smooth or wrinkled …..16

5 ABD TERG 1-7 with spinal capitate hairs arising from large paired finger-like processes, maximally 120-240 μm long, much longer than the hairs borne upon them …..6

- ABD TERG 1-7 without finger-like processes, if with long capitate spinal hairs then these arise from broadly conical tuberculate bases shorter than or not much longer than the hairs borne upon them …..7

6 Thorax and ABD TERG 1-5 with paired marginal process similar in length to the spinal ones (Fig.47a) …..Matsumuraja rubicola

- Thorax and ABD TERG 1-5 with marginal hairs arising from conical tuberculate bases shorter than or hardly longer than the hairs borne upon them (Fig.47b)

…..Matsumuraja rubi

7 ANT I with a long finger-like projection that is as long as or longer than the maximum width of ANT I (e.g. Fig.47d,e,f) …..8

- ANT I with or without a projection, if with a finger- (or thumb-) like projection then this is distinctly shorter than the maximum width of ANT I (e.g. Fig.47g,h) …..10

8 Dorsal hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 minute, only ABD TERG 6-8 with long capitate hairs arising from tuberculate bases. SIPH blackish apically …..Matsumuraja rubiphila

- Dorsal hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 mostly longer than ANT BD III, with prominent tuberculate bases of similar height to the hairs borne upon them (Fig.47c). SIPH with pale or dusky apices

…..9

9 Projection on ANT I club-like, with rounded, expanded apex (Fig.47f). ANT III when ANT 6-segmented) 1.10-1.35 × ANT IV

…..Matsumuraja sp. with 2n=18 (Queensland, BMNH collection)

- Projection on ANT I not expanded apically (Fig.47e). ANT III 1.4-1.75 × ANT IV

…...Matsumuraja capitophoroides (or M. formosana – see text)

10 Spinal and pleural hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 short, not longer than ANT BD III …..11

- Spinal and pleural hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 longer than ANT BD III …..12

11 Apices of ANT III-V pale or dusky. ABD TERG 1-5 with inconspicuous, minute hairs (this character also visible in embryos) …..Matsumuraja nuditerga

- Apices of ANT III-V or IV-V dark. ABD TERG 1-5 with hairs varying from 0.2-1.0 × BD III (embryos with long capitate hairs on all ABD TERG) …..Matsumuraja rubifoliae (part)

12 ANT III with some long capitate hairs, maximally 1-2 × BD III. ANT pale …..13

- ANT III with all hairs shorter than BD III. ANT dark or with dark apices to some segments

…..14

13 SIPH cylindrical on distal half or with slight subapical swelling, and lightly imbricated throughout except near base and apex (Fig.47i). ANT c.0.8 × BL …..Matsumuraja rubea

- SIPH swollen on distal half, smooth or with only the basal part lightly imbricated ventrally (Fig.47j). ANT 0.5-0.6 × BL …..Matsumuraja taisetsusana

14 R IV+V c. 2 × HT II, with 4-6 accessory hairs. ANT flagellum dark except for basal half of III. SIPH cylindrical on distal half (Fig.47k) …..Matsumuraja hirakurensis

- R IV+V less than 1.5 × HT II, with 2 accessory hairs. ANT III-V pale or with dusky or dark apices. SIPH usually somewhat swollen on distal half (Fig.47l,m) …..15

15 ANT I with projection on inner side at apex very low, with height less than 0.5 × ANT II (Fig.47g). SIPH smooth throughout (Fig.47m) …..Matsumuraja sorini

- ANT I with prominent projection of height more than 0.5 × ANT II (Fig.47h). SIPH imbricated (Fig.47l) .....Matsumuraja rubifoliae (part)

16 Head with numerous spicules, at least on ventral surface. ANT tubercles with inner faces spiculose or scabrous and almost parallel or apically convergent, or with forwardly-directed processes …..17

- Head without spicules, or with a few minute ones anterioventrally. ANT tubercles variously developed, if well developed then with smooth divergent inner faces …..26

17 SIPH cylindrical or tapering …..18

- SIPH slightly to moderately swollen on distal part …..23

18 ANT tubercles with forwardly-directed finger-like projections, about as long as ANT I and each bearing 5-6 short capitate hairs. Dorsum densely ornamented with small papillae

…..Paraphorodon omeishanensis

- ANT tubercles without finger-like processes. Dorsum not densely papillate …..19

19 Dorsum with a large black U-shaped patch, and broad dark cross bars or paired patches on thorax …..Neomyzus circumflexus

- Dorsum without a U-shaped patch, with or without other pigmentation …..20

20 Dorsum with an intersegmental pattern of dark ornamentation. ANT 0.5-0.6 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.8 …..Myzus ornatus

- Dorsum with or without more extensive dark sclerotisation. ANT longer than BL, with ANT PT/BASE 2.4-5.3 …..21

21 Head without spicules dorsally, or with very few. ANT III without rhinaria. Tergum sclerotic and variably pigmented, sometimes with a dark central dorsal abdominal area. Cauda with 4-6 hairs …..Ericaphis wakibae

- Head densely spiculose dorsally as well as ventrally. ANT III with 0-4 rhinaria near base. Tergum unpigmented. Cauda with 7 hairs, rarely 6 or 8 …..22

22 ANT III with 0-1 rhinaria (often 0). ANT PT/BASE 2.4-4.5. R IV+V 1.3-1.7 × HT II. (Al. with 3-8 rhinaria spaced out along ANT III) …..Aulacorthum cylactis

- ANT III with 0-4 rhinaria, but usually with 1-2. ANT PT/BASE 4.0-5.3. R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT II. (Al. with 5-26 rhinaria on ANT III) …..Aulacorthum solani

23 Tergum pigmented and strongly rugose …..24

- Tergum pale, not rugose …..25

24 R IV+V 1.3-1.4 × HT II. Cauda with 5-7 hairs …..Hyalomyzus raoi

- R IV+V 0.8-0.9 × HT II. Cauda with 4 hairs …..Hyalomyzus himachali*

25 Head densely spinulose dorsally as well as ventrally. Inner faces of ANT tubercles scabrous and apically convergent. ANT PT/BASE 3.0-4.5. R IV+V 0.9-1.0 × HT II. HT I with 2 hairs (no sense peg). SIPH 1.9-2.5 × cauda, which bears 5-8 hairs …..Myzus persicae

- Head only spiculose ventrally. Inner faces of ANT tubercles not apically convergent. ANT PT/BASE 3.8-7.2. R IV+V 1.1-1.33 × HT II. HT I with 3 hairs (sense peg present). SIPH 2.5-3.2 × cauda, which bears 12-17 hairs …..Amphorophora forbesi

26 SIPH with subapical reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of closed polygonal cells, occupying 0.1 or more of total length of SIPH) …..27

- SIPH without subapical polygonal reticulation, or with 1-3 rows of polygonal cells or interconnected transverse striae occupying less than 0.06 of total length) …..42

27 Front of head almost flat or slightly domed in dorsal view, completely lacking antennal tubercles. Subapical reticulation of SIPH consisting of no more than 5 rows of closed cells

…..Pseudaphis abyssinica (part)

- Antennal tubercles evident. Subapical reticulation often more extensive …..28

28 Longest hairs on ANT III 0.6 or more × BD III …..29

- Hairs on ANT III 0.55 or less × BD III …..38

29 SIPH distinctly swollen proximal to reticulated section …..30

- SIPH tapering or cylindrical …..32

30 R IV+V 1.9-2.2 × HT II. ANT III with 20-23 rhinaria (-47 in alatiforms). Marginal tubercles (MTu) very small or absent. (Al. without a dark spot at tip of forewing)

…..Illinoia davidsoni

- R IV+V 1.4-1.85 × HT II. ANT III with 7-22 rhinaria. Well-developed MTu usually present at least on ABD TERG 2-5. (Al. with dark spot at tip of forewing) …..31

31 MTu usually present on all of ABD TERG 1-7, and spinal tubercles (STu) usually on ABD TERG (6-)7-8. ANT PT/BASE 5.5-8.2 …..Illinoia rubicola

- MTu usually only on ABD TERG 2-5, and STu absent. ANT PT/BASE 4.5-6.2

…..Illinoia maxima

32 SIPH mainly pale, or dusky towards apices. Femora with pale/dusky apices …..33

- SIPH mainly or entirely dark, sometimes pale at bases, in which case the femora have dark apices …..34

33 Small marginal tubercles (MTu) only sporadically present on ABD TERG 2-5 and spinal tubercles (Stu) only occasionally present on ABD TERG 7-8. R IV+V with 6-10 accessory hairs …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- MTu almost always present on ABD TERG 2-5, and STu also consistently present on ABD TERG 7 and 8. R IV+V with 7-13 accessory hairs …..Macrosiphum chukotense

34 SIPH thick, tapering, c. 6-7 × longer than their diameter at midlength, and with a very small flange …..Macrosiphum pachysiphon

- SIPH almost cylindrical for most of length, 9-23 × longer than their diameter at midlength, with a rather well-developed flange …..35

35 Head dark. SIPH entirely dark. ANT III with 10-36 rhinaria …..Macrosiphum rosae

- Head pale/dusky. SIPH usually pale at extreme bases. ANT III with 1-20 rhinaria …..36

36 SIPH with 1-10 hairs on basal half . R IV+V with 5-8 accessory hairs

…..Macrosiphum rubiarctici

- SIPH without hairs. R IV+V with 12-20 accessory hairs …..37

37 SIPH very long, c.0.33 × BL and 2.5-3.5 × cauda. R IV+V 1.2-1.5 × HT II, with 14-20 accessory hairs …..Macrosiphum funestum

- SIPH 0.23-0.28 × BL, and 1.2-1.7 × cauda. R IV+V 0.9-1.2 × HT II, with 12-18 accessory hairs …..Macrosiphum pallidum

38 Cauda c.0.28 mm long , shorter than ANT BASE VI (c.0.36 mm)

.....Macrosiphum sp. (BMNH colln, leg W.H. Paik)

- Cauda 0.20-0.51 mm long, 1.8-3.5 × ANT BASE VI (0.08-0.15 mm) .....39

39 Femora with dark distal section. ANT III-VI entirely dark, or pale only at base of III …..40

- Femora pale or only dusky at apices. ANT III-VI pale except at apices of segments …..41

40 Hairs on ANT III all minute, the longest c.0.2 × BD III. Femora densely spinulose on distal part …..Sitobion kamtshaticum

- Longest hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.5 × BD III. Femora not densely spinulose

…..Sitobion akebiae

41 Longest hairs on ANT III 20-27 μm, 0.4-0.55 × BD III. R IV+V with 7-9 accessory hairs. SIPH 1.5-2.0 × cauda, which tapers to a pointed apex …..Sitobion rosaeiformis

- Longest hairs on ANT III 14-22 μm, 0.3-0.4 × BD III. R IV+V with 5-6 accessory hairs. SIPH 1.8-2.7 × cauda, which has a blunt, rounded apex …..Sitobion fragariae

42 SIPH swollen on distal half, with narrower section on basal half (clavate) …..43

- SIPH tapering or cylindrical on distal half, without a narrower basal section …..55

43 BL less than 2 mm. Tergum pitted, strongly rugose. SIPH coarsely imbricated. Head with median frontal tubercle and ANT tubercles similarly developed

…..Utamphorophora bossekiae

- BL more than 2 mm. Tergum smooth. SIPH smooth or only weakly imbricated. Head with median frontal tubercle undeveloped or weakly developed, and ANT tubercles very well developed, so that there is a deep frontal sinus …..44

44 R IV+V 0.6-0.8 × HT II …..45

- R IV+V 1.1-2.0 × HT II …..46

45 ANT III bearing 23-35 rhinaria, and with longest hairs 10-14 μm long, 0.2-0.3 × BD III

…..Amphorophora sensoriata

- ANT III bearing 10-20 rhinaria, and with longest hairs 20-25 μm long, 0.4-0.5 × BD III

…..Amphorophora rubicumberlandi

46 ANT PT/BASE c.2.4-2.5 …..Amphorophora kesocqua

- ANT PT/BASE 3.9-7.6 …..47

47 Hairs on ABD TERG 3 short, the longest 12-22 μm, c.0.25-0.5 × hairs on ABD TERG 8 and 0.4-0.8 × longest hairs on ANT III. ANT III-VI usually dark except at base of III, and tibiae and SIPH often also dusky/dark (Al. with dark forewing veins, esp. Cu_1a and Cu_1b) …..48

- Longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 25-60 μm, more than 0.5 × hairs on ABD TERG 8 and as long as or longer than longest hairs on ANT III. ANT, tibiae and SIPH pale or dark. (Al. with hyaline forewing veins) …..49

48 SIPH dusky/dark and conspicuously imbricated throughout, 2.2-2.8 × cauda. R IV+V 0.75-1.1 × ANT BASE VI and 1.2-1.45 × HT II, bearing 22-26 accessory hairs

…..Amphorophora tigwatensa

- SIPH variably pigmented, with swollen part almost smooth or with weak imbrication, 1.6-2.2 × cauda. R IV+V 1.1-1.5 × ANT BASE VI, 1.35-1.75 × HT II, and bearing 14-21 accessory hairs …..Amphorophora rubitoxica

49 ANT and tibiae almost entirely dark …..Amphorophora amurensis

- ANT and tibiae pale or dusky except at segmental apices …..50

50 R IV+V 1.8-2.0 × HT II. SIPH 2.3-2.7 × cauda. Cauda 1.3-1.8 × R IV+V and 1.7-2.1 × ANT BASE VI …..Amphorophora pacifica

- R IV+V 1.05-1.85 × HT II, but if more than 1.7 × then SIPH 1.7-2.4 × cauda. Cauda 1.5-2.7 × R IV+V and 2.2-3.4 × BASE VI …..51

51 SIPH shading to dusky or dark on distal part …..Amphorophora agathonica

- SIPH entirely pale, or dark/dusky only in contrasting band at apex …..52

52 SIPH with maximum width of swollen part more than 2 × minimum width of stem. Cauda with 7-9 hairs …..Amphorophora stolonis

- SIPH with maximum width of swollen part less than 2 × minimum width of stem. Cauda with 7-21 hairs …..53

53 R IV+V 1.45-1.85 × HT II, and bearing 17-28 accessory hairs. SIPH imbricated for most of length, including swollen part, and coarsely so on basal part …..Amphorophora parviflori

- R IV+V 1.05-1.3 × HT II, and bearing 9-16 accessory hairs. SIPH smooth on swollen part, and smooth or very faintly imbricated on basal part …..54

54 ANT PT 6.7-8.3 × R IV+V (usually more than 7 × – measure several specimens)

…..Amphorophora idaei

- ANT PT 5.4-7.2 × R IV+V (usually less than 7 ×) …..Amphorophora rubi

55 ANT tubercles well developed, with divergent inner faces. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu). ANT III with 0-14 rhinaria, usually with 1-14, but if with 1-4 then they are concentrated on basal part …..56

- ANT tubercles absent, or if weakly developed then ABD TERG 1 and 7 have MTu. ANT III usually without rhinaria, or with 1-4 on distal half …..61

56 SIPH almost entirely dark, pale only at bases, and usually with 2-3 rows of ill-defined polygonal reticulation proximal to the well-developed flange …..57

- SIPH mainly pale, sometimes darker at apices, without subapical reticulation …..58

57 R IV+V 1.20-1.33 × HT II, with 8-11 accessory hairs. ANT III with 4-14 rhinaria. First segments of fore tarsi with 4-5 hairs, of mid- and hind tarsi with 3-4 hairs. Cauda rather short and tapering, pointed at apex …..Microlophium rubiformosanum

- R IV+V 0.95-1.05 × HT II, with 5-8 accessory hairs. ANT III with 3-5 rhinaria. First tarsal segments all with 3 hairs. Cauda long, thick and finger-like, rounded at apex

…..Acyrthosiphon rubifoliae

58 R IV+V 0.67-0.79 × HT II …..Metopolophium chandrani

- R IV+V 0.8-1.8 × HT II …..59

59 Spiracles on abdominal segments 1 and 2 well separated, almost as far apart as those on other segments. ANT III without secondary rhinaria ….. Rubiaphis altaica*

- Spiracles on abdominal segment 1 very close to those on segment 2, much less than half the distance between those on other segments. ANT III usually with 1-8 small rhinaria near base

…..60

60 Hairs on ABD TERG 3 maximally 0.8-1.2 × ANT BD III, and those on ANT III maximally 0.5-1.6 × BD III. R IV+V with 6 accessory hairs. Tergum membranous

…..Metopolophium lacheni*

- Hairs on ABD TERG 3 maximally 0.2-0.5 × ANT BD III, and those on ANT III maximally 0.3-0.5 × BD III. R IV+V with 7-10 accessory hairs. Tergum sclerotic, papillated or wrinkled …..Acyrthosiphon rubi (incl. ssp. elliptici)

61 R IV+V with 5-9 accessory hairs. Prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) …..62

- R IV+V with 2(-4) hairs. Prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu (except sometimes in very small individuals with BL less than 1 mm) …..63

62 Cauda helmet-shaped, constricted at base, not longer than its basal width. SIPH smooth, with a subapical annular incision …..Brachycaudus helichrysi

- Cauda elongate triangular, not constricted at base, longer than its basal width. SIPH imbricated, without a subapical annular incision …..Pseudaphis abyssinica (part)

63 SIPH thin on distal half, 2.3-3.5 × cauda …..Aphis idaei

- SIPH less than 2.2 × cauda …..64

64 SIPH only 0.06-0.10 mm long, 0.6-0.8 × cauda. ABD TERG 2-4 and 6 usually with MTu, as well as 1 and 7 …..Aphis rubiradicis

- SIPH more than 0.12 mm long, 0.8-2.2 × cauda. ABD TERG 2-6 with or without MTu

…..65

65 SIPH pale or dusky, sometimes dark at apices …..66

- SIPH entirely dark brown or blackish …..70

66 ANT 5-segmented …..67

- ANT 6-segmented …..69

67 Dorsal body hairs mostly very long, the longest 2.5-4.0 × ANT BD III. Cauda with 4(-5) hairs. BL only 0.6-0.9 mm …..Aphis rubicola (summer dwarfs)

- Dorsal body hairs shorter. Cauda with (4-)6-11 hairs. BL usually more than 0.9 mm …..68

68 Cauda with 7-11 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.6 …..Aphis rubifolii

- Cauda with 4-7 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 2.4-3.6 …..Aphis ruborum (some summer dwarfs)

69 ANT PT/BASE 2.0-2.6. Cauda with (8-)10-12 hairs. R IV+V with (2-) 3-4 accessory hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 3-5 hairs …..Aphis rubicola

- ANT PT/BASE 2.6-4.0. Cauda with (4-) 6-9 hairs. R IV+V with 2 accessory hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 2 (rarely 3 or 4) hairs …..Aphis ruborum

70 ANT 5-segmented with ANT PT/BASE 4.3 –5.2. Longest hairs on ANT III 1.0-1.7 × BD III. Cauda pale. Dorsal abdomen with dark rounded sclerites at bases of hairs

…..Aphis ichigocola

- ANT 5- or 6-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE 1.3-3.6, and other characters not in that combination …..71

71 SIPH 0.8-1.05 × cauda, which bears 7-8 hairs. Hairs on ABD TERG 3 long and pointed, maximally 2.0-2.5 × ANT BD III. R IV+V 1.3-1.7 × HT II …..Aphis longisetosa

- SIPH 0.8-2.2 × cauda, but if less than 1.1 × cauda then either dorsal abdominal hairs are much shorter or cauda bears more than 10 hairs. R IV+V 0.9-1.4 × HT II …..72

72 MTu regularly present on ABD TERG 2-5 as well as 1 and 7. Subgenital plate with up to 16 hairs on anterior half. Cauda dusky to dark and bearing 7-9 hairs …..Aphis ichigo

- MTu only of sporadic occurrence on ABD TERG 2-5. Subgenital plate usually with 2 hairs on anterior half, rarely up to 9. Cauda pale, dusky or dark, with 4-24 hairs

.….polyphagous Aphis spp.; go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24

Rudbeckia Asteraceae

Rudbeckia ampla see R. laciniata

R. amplexicaulis Macrosiphum rudbeckiarum; Uroleucon rudbeckiae

R. flava Uroleucon rudbeckiae

R. hirta (incl. var. serotina) Aphis fabae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Uroleucon ambrosiae, leonardi, [martini], rudbeckiae

R. laciniata (incl. var. ampla) Macrosiphum rudbeckiarum;

[Metopolophium dirhodum (as Myzus haywardi)];

Myzus persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus;

Uroleucon leonardi, nigrotuberculatum, rudbeckiae

R. montana Macrosiphum rudbeckiarum

R. nitida Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus helichrysi

R. serotina see R. hirta

R. tageteiodes (?) Aphis gossypii, [kurosawai], spiraecola;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; [Pseudomegoura nipponica]

Rudbeckia spp. Aphis asclepiadis, [umbrella]; [Illinoia goldamaryae]; [Macrosiphum valerianae]; Trama troglodytes;

[Uroleucon erigeronense]

Key to apterae on Rudbeckia:-

1 HT II greatly elongated, more than 0.5 × hind tibia. SIPH absent …..Trama troglodytes

- HT II normal. SIPH present, tubular …..2

2 SIPH with a distal zone of reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of closed polygonal cells) …..3

- SIPH without polygonal reticulation …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

3 SIPH long and thin, more than 1.7 × cauda, with reticulation of large polygonal cells on subapical 0.06-0.20 of length …..4

- SIPH rather thick, less than 1.6 × cauda, with reticulation of small polygonal cells on distal 0.25 or more of length …..5

4 SIPH less than 1.1 mm long …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- SIPH more than 1.1 mm long …..Macrosiphum rudbeckiarum

5 Femora pale/dusky, sometimes with darker patch on anterior side at apices. SIPH becoming gradually darker distally, much paler at base than at apex. Postsiphuncular sclerites and scleroites at bases of dorsal hairs pale and inconspicuous …..Uroleucon rudbeckiae

- Femora dark distally. SIPH entirely dark. Postsiphuncular sclerites and at least some of scleroites at base of dorsal hairs pigmented …..6

6 R IV+V 0.85-1.1 × ANT BASE VI. ANT PT/BASE 4.7-5.6. Cauda with 19-32 hairs (usually more than 23) …..Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum

- R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × ANT BASE VI. ANT PT/BASE 5.5-7.2. Cauda with 12-27 hairs (usually less than 23) …..7

7 SIPH 1.1-1.3 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 5.5-6.5. Marginal tubercles (MTu) absent

…..Uroleucon ambrosiae

- SIPH 1.25-1.55 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 6.3-7.2. Small MTu usually present on at least some segments (easier to see on dark marginal sclerites of alata) …..Uroleucon leonardi

Ruellia Acanthaceae

Ruellia caroliniensis ssp. ciliosa Myzus persicae

R. coccinea Aphis gossypii

R. herbstii Aphis gossypii; Myzus ornatus

R. inundata Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus

R. paniculata Aphis craccivora, gossypii

R. prostrata = R. rivularis

R. rivularis Aphis gossypii

R. simplex Aphis gossypii, spiraecola

R. speciosa Myzus ornatus; Neomyzus circumflexus

R. tuberosa Aphis gossypii; Micromyzodium strobilanthi

R. tubiflora Aphis gossypii

R. tweediana Aphis gossypii; Sitobion cuscutae

Key to apterae on Ruellia:-

1 Tergum with an extensive dark sclerotic shield covering ABD TERG 1-5, and broad dark cross-bands on 6-8. Head spiculose with well-developed ANT tubercles, their inner faces divergent. R IV+V 1.4-1.8 × HT II …..Micromyzodium strobilanthi

- Without that combination of characters …..2

2 Hind tibiae entirely black. SIPH with subapical polygonal reticulation. ANT 1.4-1.7 × BL, with PT/BASE 5.5-6.8 …..Sitobion cuscutae

- Hind tibiae with at least middle section pale, and other characters not in that combination

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Rugelia Asteraceae

Rugelia nudicaulis Aulacorthum solani

Rumex Polygonaceae

Rumex abyssinicus Aphis fabae, gossypii, spiraecola;

Brachycaudus rumexicolens; Myzus ornatus

R. acetosa Aphis acetosae, craccivora, fabae, nasturtii, rumicis,

solanella;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus rumexicolens;

Dysaphis emicis, radicola; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ascalonicus, [certus], ornatus, persicae

R. acetosella Aphis acetosae, etiolata, fabae, gossypii, nasturtii,

polygonacea, rumicis, rumicivora, sambuci,

solanella, spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus helichrysi, rumexicolens;

Dysaphis emicis (as albocinerea), radicola;

[Forda formicaria]; Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae;

Pemphigus [bursarius], populivenae;

Protaphis middletonii

R. acetosella ssp. angiocarpus Aphis fabae; Myzus ornatus; Neotoxoptera oliveri;

Pemphigus sp. (as bursarius)

R. alpestris Aphis acetosae, rumicis

R. alpinus Aphis acetosae, fabae, rumicis; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus rumexicolens

R. altissimus Aphis [“malvae Walker” of Wilson 1918],

[relata Walker (nomen dubium)], rumicis;

Protaphis middletonii

R. ambiguus = R. rugosus

R. angiocarpus =R. acetosella ssp. angiocarpus

R. aquaticus Aphis fabae, nasturtii, rumicis; Dysaphis foeniculus

R. aquaticus ssp. arcticus Aphis aquilonalis; Brachycaudus rumexicolens

R. arcticus =R. aquaticus ssp. arcticus

R. arifolius = R. alpestris

R. balcanicus Aphis rumicis

R. bequaerti = R. nepalensis

R. bucephalophorus (incl. ssp. Aphis etiolata, rumicis; Myzus persicae

hispanicus)

R. confertus Aphis acetosae, [euonymi], fabae, rumicis;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus rumexicolens;

Dysaphis [emicis], radicola, rumecicola;

Pemphigus plicatus

R. conglomeratus Aphis craccivora, [euonymi], fabae, mordvilkoi, nasturtii,

rumicis, [scabiosae Schrank of Nevsky 1929)], solanella;

Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus helichrysi, rumexicolens;

Dysaphis foeniculus, radicola, rumecicola;

Myzus ornatus, persicae; [Uroleucon siculum]

R. coreanus Aphis ?horii

R. crispus Acyrthosiphon rubi;

Aphis acetosae, asclepiadis, craccivora, [euonymi], fabae,

gossypii, [ilicis of Roepke (1928)], nasturtii, rumicis, sambuci, solanella, spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi, rumexicolens;

Brachyunguis rhei;

Dysaphis [apiifolia], [emicis], radicola, rumecicola;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, venaefuscae;

Myzus antirrhinii, ascalonicus, cymbalariae, ornatus,

persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus;

Pemphigus [betae], [bursarius], populitransversus,

populivenae;

Protaphis middletonii

R. cyprius Brachycaudus rumexicolens; Myzus persicae

R. dentatus Aphis fabae, ?rhoicola, [rubifolii], rumicis, solanella;

Dysaphis emicis, rumecicola; Myzus persicae

R. domesticus = R. longifolius

R. fischeri Dysaphis emicis

R. flexuosus Aphis fabae

R. gmelinii Aphis rumicis

R. hastatus Aphis fabae, frangulae, solanella;

Brachycaudus [amygdalinus], rumexicolens;

Macrosiphum pachysiphon; Tricaudatus polygoni

R. hispanicus = R. bucephalophorus ssp. hispanicus

R. hydrolapathum Aphis acetosae, fabae, nasturtii, rumicis, sambuci;

Aulacorthum solani; Dysaphis radicola

R. hymenosepalus Aphis fabae

R. induratus = R. scutatus ssp. induratus

R. intermedius Aphis fabae

R. japonicus Aphis craccivora, gossypii, nasturtii, [rumicis], spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani; Dysaphis rumecicola;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae;

Prociphilus kuwanai

R. longifolius Aphis fabae, nasturtii, rumicis;

Brachycaudus rumexicolens; Dysaphis emicis;

Myzus persicae

R. lunaria Aphis gossypii, nasturtii; Brachycaudus rumexicolens;

Myzus ornatus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus

R. maritimus Aphis fabae, nasturtii, rumicis

R. marschallianus Aphis rumicis

R. nepalensis Acyrthosiphon rubi;

Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, solanella, spiraecola;

Brachycaudus helichrysi,[amygdalinus], rumexicolens;

[Capitophorus indicus];

Dysaphis emicis, foeniculus, [microsiphon], rumecicola;

[Hyperomyzus carduellinus]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus;

Trichosiphonaphis polygoni

R. nervosus (incl. var. Aphis gossypii, nasturtii, spiraecola;

usamberensis) Brachycaudus rumexicolens

R. obovatus [Baizongia solanophila Blanchard 1944 (= Pemphigus

populitransversus?)]

R. obtusifolius Aphis acetosae, fabae, fabae ssp. mordvilkoi, gossypii,

[hederae], [ilicis], nasturtii, rumicis, sambuci,

solanella, spiraecola, viburni;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus rumexicolens;

Dysaphis emicis,[lauberti], radicola;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ascalonicus, certus, ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus

R. occidentalis Pemphigus sp. (as betae)

R. pamiricus Aphis acetosae, rumicis; Brachyunguis rhei;

Dysaphis emicis

R. patientia Aphis rumicis

R. paraguayensis = R. obovatus

R. patientia Aphis gossypii, rumicis

R. paulsenianus Acyrthosiphon rumicis; Aphis rumicis;

Brachycaudus rumexicolens; Brachyunguis rhei;

Dysaphis emicis; [Nasonovia ribisnigri]

R. pseudoalpinus Aphis rumicis; Dysaphis radicola; [Nasonovia ribisnigri]

R. pulcher [Acyrthosiphon gossypii];

Aphis fabae, nasturtii, rumicis, solanella;

Brachycaudus rumexicolens; Dysaphis emicis, meridialis;

Myzus ornatus

R. rechingerianus = R. pamiricus

R. rugosus Aphis acetosae, fabae

R. rupestris Aphis fabae

R. salicifolius Aphis nasturtii

R. sanguineus Aphis fabae, rumicis; Aulacorthum solani

R. scutatus Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, nasturtii, rumicis;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus rumexicolens;

[Cavariella aquatica]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ascalonicus, ornatu, persicae

R. stenophyllus Aphis fabae, rumicis

R. sylvestris (?) Aphis fabae

R. thyrsiflorus (incl. ssp. Aphis acetosae, fabae, rumicis;

papillaris) Brachycaudus rumexicolens

R. thyrsoides Aphis craccivora; Aulacorthum solani

R. tianshanicus Aphis rumicis; Brachycaudus rumexicolens

R. turcestanicus Aphis solanella (as euonymi);

Brachyunguis harmalae (as plotnikovi);

Pemphigus sp. (as lactucarius)

R. venosus Aphis craccivora

R. verticillatus Aphis rumicis

R. vesicarius Aphis craccivora; Brachycaudus rumexicolens;

Myzus persicae

Rumex spp. [Acyrthosiphon malvae, sp. aff. knechteli];

Akkaia bengalensis; [Anuraphis subterranea];

[Anoecia corni]; Aphis aurantii, [confusa, plantaginis];

[Capitophorus mitegoni (as indicus)];

[Cavariella pastinacae (as Rhopalosiphum rumicis)];

[Dysaphis ranunculi, plantaginea];

[Impatientinum asiaticum ssp. dalhousiensis];

Indomasonaphis rumicis; Longisiphoniella subterranea;

Pemphigus dorocola;

[Protrama longitarsus ssp. sclerodensis];

Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae ssp. tulipaellus

[Sappaphis piri]; Trama antennata; [Uroleucon cichorii]

Key to apterae on Rumex:-

1 ANT PT/BASE 0.2-0.3. SIPH absent or present as small pores on broad hairy cones …..2

- ANT PT/BASE 0.5 or more. SIPH tubular …..4

2 HT II very elongate, more than 0.5 × hind tibia. Dorsal body hairs numerous, bristle-like. SIPH as small pores on broad hairy cones .....Trama antennata

- HT II normal. Dorsal body hairs sparse, not bristle-like. SIPH not evident …..3

3 R IV+V with 4 or more accessory hairs (?) Wax gland plates present on head, thorax and abdomen (?) …..Prociphilus kuwanai*

- R IV+V usually without accessory hairs. Wax gland plates only present on abdomen

…..Pemphigus spp.

4 Head cuticle with extensive spiculosity, at least on ventral side .....5

- Head cuticle smooth, wrinkled, corrugated or partially papillated; without spicules, or with only a few spicules anterioventrally .....13

5 SIPH dark, flangeless, wi