HOST LISTS and KEYS

4 R IV+V 0.24-0.32 mm long, 1.50-1.84 × HT II. Marginal sclerites of ABD TERG 2-5 regularly have well-developed marginal tubercles (MTu) …..Uroleucon picridis

- R IV+V 0.19-0.25 mm long, 1.19-1.58 × HT II. ABD TERG 2-5 rather irregularly with small MTu (rarely more than 3 in total) …..Uroleucon mierae

Rhamnella Rhamnaceae

Rhamnella franguloides Aphis odinae, [Aphis rhamnellae Shinji 1922];

Machiatiella itadori;

Use key to aphids on Rhamnus.

Rhamnus (including Frangula) Rhamnaceae

Rhamnus alaternus Aphis aurantii, craccivora, frangulae group, gossypii,

nasturtii, spiraecola;
Macchiatiella rhamni

Rh. alnifolia Aphis glycines, nasturtii

Rh. alpina (incl. ssp. fallax) Aphis frangulae, nasturtii; Macchiatiella rhamni

Rh. californica Aphis nasturtii; Macrosiphum rhamni

Rh. caroliniana Aphis nasturtii

Rh. cathartica Aphis commensalis, craccivora, fabae, frangulae group,

glycines, gossypii, mammulata, nasturtii,

spiraecola, versicolor;

Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Macchiatiella rhamni, rhamni ssp. tarani;

Myzus persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus

Rh. chlorophora = Rh. globosa

Rh. clusii = Rh. alaternus

Rh. coriacea Macchiatiella rhamni ssp. tarani

Rh. costata Aphis nasturtii; Neomyzus circumflexus

Rh. crenata Aphis nasturtii; Neomyzus circumflexus

Rh. davurica Aphis frangulae group, glycines, gossypii, nasturtii

Rh. dolichophylla Macchiatiella rhamni ssp. tarani

Rh. erythroxylum Aphis nasturtii; Neomyzus circumflexus

Rh. fallax see Rh. alpina

Rh. frangula Alder Buckthorn

Aphis frangulae group, glycines, gossypii, nasturtii,

zamorana;

Macchiatiella rhamni

Rh. globosa Aphis nasturtii

Rh. hemsleyana Aphis nasturtii

Rh. imeretina Aphis frangulae group, nasturtii

Rh. japonica Aphis [frangulae group], glycines, gossypii,[mammulata];

Macchiatiella itadori

Rh. koraiensis Aphis gossypii

Rh. lanceolata Aphis glycines; Macchiatiella rhamni

Rh. leptophylla Aphis nasturtii

Rh. libanotica Aphis craccivora, frangulae group, gossypii, spiraecola

Rh. ludovici-salvatoris Aphis nasturtii

Rh. lycioides Aphis frangulae, nasturtii

Rh. napalensis Aphis aurantii, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola;

Aulacorthum rhamni; Greenidea psidii; Myzus ornatus

Rh. palaestina Aphis craccivora, frangulae group, gossypii, spiraecola

Rh. pallasii Aphis frangulae group, iranensis, nasturtii;

Neomyzus circumflexus

Rh. prinoides Aphis gossypii; Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Rh. pumila Aphis nasturtii

Rh. purshiana Aphis gossypii, nasturtii; Macchiatiella itadori, rhamni

Macrosiphum rhamni

Rh. saxatilis Aphis frangulae group, nasturtii; Neomyzus circumflexus

Rh. ×spathulifolia Aphis nasturtii; Neomyzus circumflexus

Rh. tinctoria Dyer’s Buckthorn

Aphis mammulata, nasturtii

Rh. triquetra Aphis gossypii

Rh. ussuriensis Aphis frangulae group

Rh. utilis Aphis nasturtii, [utilis]

Rh. virgata Aphis rhamnifila

Rhamnus spp. Dysaphis microsiphon; Greenidea heeri;

[Myzakkaia verbasci]

Key to Rhamnus-feeding species (apterae viviparae except fundatrices):-

1 SIPH with numerous long hairs .....2

- SIPH without hairs .....3

2 R IV+V 1.8-2.4 × HT II .....Greenidea psidii

- R IV+V 1.2-1.75 × HT II .....Greenidea heeri

3 Cauda very broadly rounded, less than 0.5× basal width. Dorsal abdomen usually with distinctive black markings .....4

- Cauda helmet, tongue or finger-shaped, 0.6 or more × its basal width. Dorsal abdomen with or without dark markings .....5

4 SIPH black. Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid black patch. R IV+V 1.15-1.28 × HT II

.....Macchiatiella itadori

- SIPH pale. Dorsal abdomen with dark patch broken centrally or in midline, often on ABD TERG 3-4 (-5) only and sometimes absent. R IV+V 1.0-1.15 × HT II

.....Macchiatiella rhamni

5 SIPH very small, conical, shorter than their basal width. Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width .....Dysaphis microsiphon

- SIPH tubular, longer than their basal width. Cauda tongue or finger-shaped, or bluntly triangular, usually at least as long as its basal width .....6

6 Head spiculose .....7

- Head smooth .....10

7 Dorsal abdomen with a large dark roughly horseshoe-shaped patch (fig. 121I)

.....Neomyzus circumflexus

- Dorsal abdomen without a large horseshoe-shaped patch .....8

8 ANT III with a small secondary rhinarium near base. Antennal tubercles with inner faces almost parallel. R IV+V 1.25-1.40× HT II. SIPH straight, tapering, dark at least on distal half. Cauda also dark. (Alata with dark transverse bars on dorsal abdomen)

.....Aulacorthum rhamni

- ANT III without any rhinaria. Antennal tubercles strongly convergent. R IV+V 0.09-1.18 × HT II. SIPH slightly swollen or curved outwards distally. SIPH and cauda mainly

pale. (Alata with a black dorsal abdominal patch) .....9

9 Dorsal abdomen with an intersegmental pattern of dark spots and flecks. ANT PT/BASE 2.5 or less. SIPH tapering with shallow S-curve, not swollen distally .....Myzus ornatus

- Dorsal abdomen without dark intersegmental markings. ANT PT/BASE more than 3. SIPH slightly swollen on distal half .....Myzus persicae

10 Antennal tubercles well-developed, divergent. ANT PT/BASE more than 6. ANT III with 1-2 secondary rhinaria near base. SIPH pale, with subapical polygonal reticulation, 0.3 or more × BL .....Macrosiphum rhamni

- Antennal tubercles weakly developed. ANT III without rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE less than 6. SIPH pale or dark without subapical polygonal reticulation, less than 0.2 × BL .....11

11 Stridulatory ridges present on abdominal sternites 5 and 6, and a row of peg-like hairs on hind tibia .....12

- No stridulatory apparatus .....13

12 SIPH much shorter than (0.4-0.6×) cauda (fig. 121O). ANT PT/BASE 2.5-3.0

.....Aphis odinae

- SIPH usually longer than (0.9-1.5×) cauda (figs 121 P, Q). ANT PT/BASE 3.5-5.0

..... Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

13 Longest hairs on ANT III longer than basal diameter of segment .....14

- Longest hairs on ANT III shorter than basal diameter of segment .....16

14 Femora dark at least distally. ABD TERG 7 and 8 with dark cross bands, and more anterior tergites with some dark segmental and intersegmental markings .....Aphis fabae

- Femora pale or dusky. ABD TERG 7 and 8 without or with only faint cross-bands, and more anterior tergites without any dark markings …..15

15 Pronotum and ABD TERG 1-4 and 7 with extremely large, hemispherical marginal tubercles. SIPH 1.5-2.0 × cauda and 4-7 × their width at midpoint .....Aphis mammulata

- Marginal tubercles of normal size on ABD TERG 1 and 7, and absent from ABD TERG

2-4. SIPH 0.9-1.2 × cauda, and 1.5-3.0 × their width at midpoint .....Aphis commensalis

16 ABD TERG 1-4 and 7 with large, hemispherical marginal tubercles .....Aphis versicolor

- Marginal tubercles of normal size on ABD TERG 1 and 7, and smaller or absent on ABD

TERG 2-4 .....17

17 SIPH and cauda both pale, or SIPH dark only towards apices. (Alata with 8-18 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 1-6 on IV and 0-2 on V) .....Aphis nasturtii

- SIPH dark, cauda pale or dark .....18

18 Dorsal abdomen almost wholly covered by an extensive solid black sclerite (fig. 121N)

.....Aphis craccivora

- Dorsal abdomen mainly membranous …..19

19 Cauda dark with 11-24 hairs (rarely less than 12). Femora dark at least distally. ABD TERG 7 and 8 with dark cross bands, and more anterior tergites often with some dark markings

.....Aphis fabae (or solanella)

- Cauda pale or dark, with 4-15 hairs (rarely more than 12). Femora pale or dark. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings .....20

20 Cauda as dark as SIPH with 7-15 (usually 8-12) hairs and a slight constriction at or just proximal to midpoint .....21

- Cauda paler than SIPH, with or without a constriction, or if as dark as SIPH then with only

4-7 hairs .....22

21 Femora with basal half pale, gradually becoming darker on distal half. Marginal tubercles (MTu) usually only on prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7 …..Aphis spiraecola

- Femora blackish except at base. Small MTu usually present on ABD TERG 2-5 as well as on 1 and 7 …..Aphis zamorana

22 Dorsal cephalic hairs finely pointed, 35-45 µm long. Hind femur with some ventral hairs more than 45 µm long, exceeding diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Cauda almost as dark as SIPH, with about 6 hairs .....Aphis rhamnifila

- Dorsal cephalic hairs blunt, less than 30 µm long. Hairs on hind femur all not exceeding diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Cauda usually paler than SIPH, with 4-10 hairs

.....23

23 Head and ANT I-V pale, only ANT VI dusky. SIPH usually more than 0.2 × BL. Cauda much paler than SIPH, often with a midpoint constriction, and bearing 8-10 hairs

.....Aphis glycines

- Head and at least ANT I, II and last segment (V or V) dusky or dark. SIPH usually less than 0.2 × BL. Cauda often dusky, not contrasting with SIPH, unconstricted, bearing 4-9 hairs

.....24

24 ANT PT/BASE 1.0-1.9 (the majority of specimens have 5-segmented antennae). SIPH short and thick, 1.5-3.5 × longer than their midlength width. Cauda short and bluntly triangular

.....Aphis iranensis

- ANT PT/BASE 2.0-3.0 (most specimens of normal size have 6-segmented antennae). SIPH 3.3-8.0 × longer than their midlength width. Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped

..... Aphis frangulae group (incl. gossypii, rhamnicola)

Rhamphicarpa Orobanchaceae

Rhamphicarpa fistulosa Aphis gossypii

Rhaphiolepis Rosaceae

Rhaphiolepis indica Aphis craccivora, pomi, spiraecola;

Illinoia macgillivrayae; Myzus persicae;

Nippolachnus micromeli;

Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae; Sinomegoura photiniae

Rh. japonica Aphis gossypii

Rh. umbellata Aphis spiraecola; Nippolachnus micromeli;

Sinomegoura photiniae

Rh. vinifera [Cerataphis brasiliensis]

Key to apterae on Rhaphiolepis:-

1 ANT less than 0.5 × BL, with PT/BASE 0.45-0.75. Body elongate, pale, and body and appendages densely clothed in long fine hairs. SIPH poriform …..Nippolachnus micromeli

- ANT more than 0.5 × BL, with PT/BASE more than 1.5. Body oval or spindle-shaped, sparsely hairy. SIPH tubular …..2

2 SIPH dark, 1.2-1.3 × the long, rather acutely-pointed cauda, which bears 10-18 hairs. Head markedly spiculose on ventral surface, but not dorsally, and with well-developed, broadly divergent ANT tubercles …..Sinomegoura photiniae

- Without that combination of characters …..3

3 SIPH 2.4-2.7 × cauda, with swollen section on distal half, narrowing to a subapical region with 4-5 rows of polygonal reticulation. Head smooth with inner faces of ANT tubercles divergent …..Illinoia macgilllivrayae

- Without that combination of characters …..4

4 SIPH and cauda both black. Cauda finger-like, usually with a midway constriction. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings …..5

- SIPH and cauda pale or dark, but if both black then cauda is tongue-shaped without a constriction, and dorsal abdomen has dark markings …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

5 Marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 2-4. Cauda with 10-19 hairs (rarely less than 13). R IV+V more than 130μm long …...Aphis pomi

- MTu absent from ABD TERG 2-4. Cauda with 7-15 hairs (rarely more than 12). R IV+V less than 120μm long ......Aphis spiraecola

Rhapis Arecaceae

Rhapis excelsa Aphis gossypii; Sinomegoura citricola

Rh. javanica Astegopteryx rhapidis

Rhaponticum Asteraceae

Rhaponticum carthamoides = Stemmacantha carthamoides

Rh. nitidum [Brachyunguis harmalae]

Rh. repens [Acyrthosiphon ilka, pisum];

Aphis craccivora; Dysaphis acroptilidis;

Nasonovia ribisnigri;

Protaphis anuraphoides, [carthami], iliensis, [terricola];

Uroleucon acroptilidis, compositae, [jaceae]

Rh. serratuloides Protaphis anuraphoides

Key to apterae on Rhaponticum and Stemmacantha:-

1 Cauda finger-like, much longer than its basal width …..2

- Cauda helmet-shaped or conical, not longer than its basal width …..6

2 SIPH pale or dark, if entirely dark then without subapical polygonal reticulation …..3

- SIPH dark with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.25-0.33 of length …..4

3 Thoracic spiracles much larger than abdominal ones. Dorsal abdomen with paired dark pleural markings. ANT PT/BASE 7.0-11.4 …..Nasonovia ribisnigri

- Thoracic and abdominal spiracles all small. Dorsal abdomen with or without dark markings. ANT PT/BASE less than 7 …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

4 Cauda pale, with 7-11 hairs. First tarsal segments with 3 hairs …..Uroleucon mongolicum

- Cauda dark, with 9-20 hairs. First tarsal segments with 5 hairs …..5

5 ANT PT/BASE 3.8-4.7. R IV+V 1.0-1.1 × HT II .....Uroleucon acroptilidis

- ANT PT/BASE 5.1-7.3. R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT II .....Uroleucon compositae (or gobonis)

6 ANT PT/BASE 1.5-1.8. Cauda with 5 hairs …..Dysaphis acroptilidis

- ANT PT/BASE 0.55-1.1. Cauda with 16-20 hairs …..7

7 ANT PT/BASE 0.85-1.1. ANT III 1.8-2.5 × PT …..Protaphis anuraphoides

- ANT PT/BASE 0.55-0.75. ANT III 2.7-3.8 × PT …..Protaphis iliensis

Rheum Polygonaceae

Rheum australe Aphis fabae

Rh. compactum Aphis fabae, solanella

Rh. emodii = Rh. australe

Rh. franzenbachii = Rh. rhabarbarum

Rh. maximowiczii Aphis rheicola; Brachyunguis rhei; Dysaphis emicis

Rh. moorcroftianum = Rh. spiciforme

Rh. nutans = Rh. compactum

Rh. officinale Aphis fabae; Capitophorus hippophaes ssp. javanicus;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Rh. palmatum Aphis fabae, rumicis; Myzus ornatus

Rh. rhabarbarum Aphis acetosae, craccivora, fabae, fabae ssp. mordvilkoi,

gossypii, rumicis, solanella;

Dysaphis rumecicola;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, stellariae;

Myzus ascalonicus, [certus], ornatus, persicae

Rh. rhaponticum Aphis fabae, rheicola, rumicis, solanella;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae

Rh. spiciforme Aphis fabae

Rh. tataricum Aphis craccivora, fabae;

[Brachycaudus rumexicolens];

Dysaphis emicis, rumecicola

Rh. undulatum = Rh. rhabarbarum

Rheum spp. (and cultivars) [Aphis frangulae ssp. beccabungae];

Aulacorthum solani, [solani ssp. orientale];

Dysaphis radicola

Key to apterae on Rheum:-

1 Cauda very broadly rounded, hardly developed, much less than half as long as its basal width in dorsal view. SIPH small, broad-based, conical, shorter than their basal widths

…..Brachycaudus rumexicolen

- Cauda helmet-, tongue- or finger-shaped. SIPH usually longer than their basal width …..2

2 Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view. Paired spinal tubercles (STu) present on head and (at least) ABD TERG 8 …..3

- Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, more than 1.2 × its basal width in dorsal view. STu absent from head, and usually from ABD TERG 8 …..5

3 Paired STu on head and ABD TERG 8, or 7 and 8, absent from ABD TERG 1-6. Hairs on ANT III and ABD TERG 1-5 shorter than ANT BD III. SIPH 2.0-2.5 × cauda

…..Dysaphis radicola

- Single or paired STu present on most or all segments from head to ABD TERG 8. Longest hairs on ANT III and ABD TERG 1-5 much longer than ANT BD III. SIPH 1.5-2.2 × cauda

…..4

4 Hairs on ANT III and ABD TERG 1-5 fine-pointed, those on ANT III longer than 45 μm, 2 or more × ANT BD III. R IV+V 1.55-1.70 × HT II …..Dysaphis rumecicola

- Hairs on ANT III and ABD TERG 1-5 often with blunt apices, those on ANT III being all less than 45 μm long, less than 2 × BD III. R IV+V 1.3-1.6 × HT II …..Dysaphis emicis

5 ANT PT/BASE c. 1.0 …..Brachyunguis rhei*

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5 …..6

6 Dorsal hairs, or at least those on head and ABD TERG 8, long, thick and capitate, arising from tuberculate bases. R IV+V rostrate, i.e. with R V extended into a short, beak-like process .....Capitophorus hippophaes (ssp. javanicus)

- Dorsal hairs not long, thick and capitate, not on tuberculate bases. R IV+V not rostrate

.....7

7 ANT tubercles weakly developed or undeveloped. Prothorax, ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu) …..8

- ANT tubercles well developed. Prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu …..12

8 Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid black sclerite centred on ABD TERG 4-5. Cauda black like SIPH, tongue-shaped, rather pointed and bearing 4-7 hairs .....Aphis craccivora

- Dorsl abdomen with or without dark markings, but without an extensive solid black sclerite. Cauda pale or dark, but if black then with more than 9 hairs .....9

9 Well-developed MTu present on all or most of ABD TERG 2-4 as well as 1 and 7

…..Aphis acetosae

- Small MTu only sporadically present on ABD TERG 2-4 …..10

10 Cauda paler than SIPH and bearing 4-8 hairs. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings

…..Aphis gossypii

- SIPH and cauda both dark, cauda with 10-24 hairs. Dorsal abdomen with or without dark markings …..11

11 ANT III darker on distal half, and IV entirely dusky/dark. Dorsal abdomen usually with dark cross-bands including an especially broad one on ABD TERG 6 between SIPH

…..Aphis rumicis

- ANT III entirely pale, IV pale or darker distally. Dorsal abdomen with cross-bands absent or only well developed on ABD TERG 7 and 8

…..Aphis fabae group (including solanella, and possibly rheicola*)

12 Head smooth, and inner faces of ANT tubercles smooth and divergent. SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation …..13

- Head spiculose, inner faces of ANT tubercles scabrous or spiculose and parallel or apically convergent. SIPH without polygonal reticulation …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

13 Femora usually with a dark spot or patch near apices. ABD TERG 2-3 with longest hair

26-56 μm, usually as long as or longer than ANT BD III. Subgenital plate with 2-13 hairs in addition to those on posterior margin .....Macrosiphum stellariae

- Femora pale or only slightly dusky at apices. ABD TERG 2-3 with longest hair 21-37 μm, usually shorter than ANT BD III. Subgenital plate with 2(-4) hairs on anterior part

.....Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Rhigozum Bignonaceae

Rhigozum obovatum Myzus persicae

Rhinanthus (including Alectorolophus) Orobanchaceae

Rhinanthus alectorolophus [Acyrthosiphon pisum]; Aphis fabae;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; Hyperomyzus luteus, rhinanthi;

Myzus alectorolophi

Rh. alpinus = Rh. riphaeus

Rh. angustifolius Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus persicae;

Hyperomyzus rhinanthi; Myzus cerasi

Rh. borbasii (incl. ssp. songaricus) Aphis craccivora; Hyperomyzus rhinanthi

Rh. crista-galli = Rh. glacialus

Rh. glaber Aphis fabae

Rh. glacialis Brachycaudus helichrysi; Hyperomyzus rhinanthi

Rh. hirsutus Hyperomyzus rhinanthi

Rh. major = Rh. serotinus

Rh. minor Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Hyperomyzus rhinanthi

Rh. riphaeus Hyperomyzus rhinanthi

Rh. serotinus (incl. ssp. aestivalis) Aphis sibirica; Brachycaudus persicae;

Hyperomyzus luteus, rhinanthi; Myzus cerasi

Rh. songaricus = Rh. borbasii ssp. songaricus

Rh. spadiceus Brachycaudus helichrysi; Hyperomyzus rhinanthi

Rh. subalpinus Brachycaudus helichrysi;

[Hyperomyzella erratica of Weis 1955 (= Hyperomyzus

rhinanthi?)]

Rh. vernalis = Rh. serotinus ssp. aestivalis

Rhinanthus spp. [Myzus padellus]

Key to apterae on Rhinanthus:-

1 Dorsal abdomen with a large black quadrate central patch. SIPH black and markedly swollen over distal 0.75 of length. ANT III with 25-64 rhinaria …..Hyperomyzus rhinanthi

- Without that combination of characters …..2

2 SIPH markedly swollen on distal half, with maximum diameter greater than R IV+V or ANT BASE VI …..Hyperomyzus luteus*

- SIPH not swollen …..3

3 Head spiculose with well-developed scabrous ANT tubercles. SIPH very coarsely imbricated (scaly) …..4

- Head not spiculose, ANT tubercles absent or weakly developed. SIPH smooth or with normal imbrication …..5

4 Dorsum with extensive dark sclerotisation. SIPH more than 7 × longer than their width at midlength. Cauda with 6-9 hairs …..Myzus cerasi

- Dorsum sclerotic but not dark in mounted preparations. SIPH less than 6 × longer than width at midlength. Cauda with 4-6 hairs …..Myzus alectorolophi (or M. padellus)

5 Cauda tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width, with 7-24 hairs. Spiracular apertures reniform. ABD TERG 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu) …...6

- Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width, with 4-8 hairs. Spiracular apertures large and rounded. ABD TERG 7 without MTu …...7

6 SIPH 0.4-0.9 × cauda, which has a constriction at midlength. ANT III 0.6-1.2 × cauda

…..Aphis sibirica

- SIPH 0.8-1.8 × cauda, which does not have a midlength constriction. ANT III 1.2-1.9 × cauda

…..Aphis fabae group (incl. A. solanella)

7 Dorsum with an extensive dark sclerotic shield. SIPH black, imbricated, more than 2 × cauda

…...Brachycaudus persicae

- Dorsum pale. SIPH pale, smooth-surfaced, less than 2 × cauda

…..Brachycaudus helichrysi

Rhinopetalum see Fritillaria Liliaceae

Rhipogonum Rhipogonaceae

Rhipogonum scandens Aulacorthum solani; Myzus persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Sitobion miscanthi

Key to apterae on Rhipogonum:-

- SIPH dark with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation. R IV+V less than 0.8 × HT II

…..Sitobion miscanthi

- Without that combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Rhizomnium Mniaceae

Rhizomnium magnifolium [Clydesmithia canadensis]; [Pachypappa sacculi]

Rhizomnium sp. [Prociphilus xylostei]

Try key to moss-feeding aphids under Polytrichum.

Rhizophora Rhizophoraceae

Rhizophora mangle Aphis gossypii

Rhodiola Crassulaceae

Rhodiola atropurpurea Aphis gossypii

Rh. bupleuroides Aphis sedi

Rh. gelida [Brachycaudus cerasicola]

Rh. heterodonta Aphis sedi

Rh. rosea Aphis fabae, sedi; Brachycaudus sedi

Rh. semenovii [Brachycaudus cerasicola]

Key to apterae on Rhodiola:-

1 Cauda broadly rounded, much shorter than its basal width in dorsal view. SIPH stump-like

…..Brachycaudus sedi

- Cauda tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width. SIPH tubular …..2

2 Cauda black with 11-24 hairs. Dorsal abdomen with dark cross-bands on ABD TERG 7 and 8, and some dark markings anterior to SIPH. Femora with many fine hairs longer than trochantro-femoral suture …..Aphis fabae

- Cauda pale or dark with 4-8 hairs. Dorsal abdomen with or without dusky cross-bands on ABD TERG 7 and 8, usually without any dark markings anterior to SIPH. Femoral hairs all much shorter than trochantro-femoral suture …..3

3 ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.3. SIPH 0.9-1.4 × cauda, which bears 4-6 hairs and is usually rather dark, only a little paler than SIPH …..Aphis sedi

- ANT PT/BASE 2.1-3.2. SIPH 1.3-2.5 × cauda, which bears 4-8 hairs and is usually pale/dusky, markedly paler than SIPH …..Aphis gossypii

Rhodobryum Bryaceae

Rhodobryum roseum Muscaphis escherichi

Rhodococcum see Vaccinium Ericaceae

Rhodococcum vitis-idaea = Vaccinium vitis-idaea

Rhododendron (including Azalea, Ledum) Ericaceae

Rhododendron albiflorum = Azaleastrum albiflorum

Rh. albrechtii Vesiculaphis caricis

Rh. arboreum Aphis gossypii; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Chaetomyzus rhododendri, [Chaetomyzus sp. (Dutta &

Gautam 1993);

Ericolophium holsti, rhododendri, takahashii;

Indiaphis crassicornis; [Macrosiphoniella spinipes];

Myzus ornatus, persicae; Sinomegoura rhododendri

Rh. calendulaceum Illinoia lambersi

Rh. californicum = Hymenanthes californica

Rh. campanulatum Myzus brevisiphon

Rh. campylocarpum [Aulacorthum perillae]; Ericolophium takahashii;

Myzus brevisiphon, persicae

Rh. canescens Illinoia rhokalaza

Rh. catawbiense ×metternichii Illinoia lambersi

Rh. cunninghami Illinoia lambersi

Rh. dauricum Vesiculaphis cephalata, kongoensis

Rh. decorum Illinoia lambersi

Rh. degronianum(?) Neoamphorophora ledi

Rh. diversipilosum Neoamphorophora ledi

Rh. ferrugineum Aphis remaudieri

Rh. flavum = Rh. luteum

Rh. formosanum Ericolophium taiheisanum

Rh. groenlandicum Illinoia paqueti, pianwae

Rh. hirsutum Illinoia lambersi

Rh. indicum = Rh. simsii

Rh. japonicum(?) Illinoia lambersi

Rh. japonoheptamerum Neoamphorophora ledi

(ssp. japonoheptamerum)

Rh. kaempferi Vesiculaphis caricis

Rh. kesselringii Illinoia lambersi

Rh. lasiostylum Ericolophium itoe

Rh. luteum Illinoia dzhibladzeae, lambersi

Rh. macrophyllum = Hymenanthes macrophyllum

Rh. maximum = Hymenanthes maxima

Rh. maxwellii Illinoia lambersi

Rh. molle Illinoia azaleae, lambersi; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Rh. morii Ericolophium holsti

Rh. mucronulatum Vesiculaphis caricis, cephalata, kongoensis

(incl. ssp. sichotense)

Rh. obtusum Vesiculaphis caricis

Rh. oldhamii Sinomegoura rhododendri

Rh. palustre (= Ledum palustre) Illinoia azaleae; Neoamphorophora ledi

Rh. ponticum Illinoia lambersi

Rh. przelwaskii Ericolophium ninguidum

Rh. reticulatum Ericolophium itoe; Vesiculaphis kongoensis

Rh. rhodora Illinoia azaleae ssp. rhododendronia

Rh. schlippenbachii Vesiculaphis caricis

Rh. sichotense = Rh. mucronulatum ssp. sichotense

Rh. simsii [Chaetomyzus rhododendrophila (alata only)];

Ericolophium alpiginiae, nigripunctatum, rectisiphon;

Illinoia azaleae, lambersi, rhododendri;

Rostratusaphis rhododendronitos; Vesiculaphis caricis

Rh. sublanceolatum Illinoia lambersi

Rh. viscosum Illinoia rhokalaza

Rh. yedoense Vesiculaphis caricis

Rhododendron spp. Acyrthosiphon [rubi], Acyrthosiphon sp. (Norway, BMNH

collection, leg. C. Stenseth);

[Aiceona retipennis];

Aphis fabae, [kurosawai], nerii, odinae, spiraecola;

[Chaitophorus clarus Tseng and Tao];

Ericolophium ovalifolii, tianchiense;

[Eulachnus thunbergii (Wilson)]; [Eutrichosiphum sp.];

[Hillerislambersia darjeelingi]; [Hyperomyzus nabali];

Indiaphis indica, rostrata, Indiaphis sp.(W Bengal; BMNH

colln, leg. A.N. Basu);

Indomasonaphis anaphalidis; [Lipaphis erysimi];

[Macrosiphum rosae]; Neomasonaphis inulae;

Rhododendraphis tuatayae;

[Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale]; [Trichaitophorus aceris];

[Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum, sonchi];

Vesiculaphis grandis, rhododendri;

Wahlgreniella nervata

Key to apterae on Rhododendron:-

1 SIPH with a subapical zone of reticulation (at least 3-4 rows of rather large polygonal cells, occupying distal 0.06-0.2 of total length). ANT III usually with 1 or more rhinaria on basal part. ANT tubercles well developed, their inner faces divergent …..2

- SIPH without reticulation; sometimes with interconnected transverse striae near apex, but no polygonal cells. ANT III with or without rhinaria. ANT tubercles variably developed or undeveloped …..9

2 Tergum almost wholly dark sclerotic. Cauda dusky/dark. ANT III and most of IV pale

…..Illinoia dzhibladzeae

- Tegum pale or if pigmented then Cauda pale and ANT III and IV dusky/dark …..3

3 ANT hairs very short and blunt, the longest on III much less than 0.5 × BD III …..4

- Longest hairs on ANT III more than 0.5 × BD III …..5

4 R IV+V less than 0.14 mm long, 1.1-1.45 × HT II, and bearing 8-12 accessory hairs. Second tarsal segments without spinules on the imbrications (Fig.46a). HT II more than 1.5 × longer than maximum diameter of swollen part of SIPH

.....Illinoia azaleae (incl. ssp. rhododendronia)

- R IV+V more than 0.14 mm long, 1.4-1.9 × HT II, and bearing 15-23 accessory hairs. Second tarsal segments with spinules on the imbrications (Fig.46b). HT II less than 1.5 × longer than maximum diameter of swollen part of SIPH .....Illinoia lambersi

5 SIPH entirely dark. ANT III-V rather evenly dusky/dark …..Illinoia rhokalaza

- SIPH pale at least on basal part, although often dark distally. ANT III –V mainly pale, darker at apices …..6

6 R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II, with 7-10 accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with 3 hairs. Second tarsal segments without spinules on the imbrications …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- R IV+V 1.05-1.90 × HT II, with 14-38 accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with (4-)5 hairs. Second tarsal segments with (sometimes minute) spinules on the imbrications …..7

7 R IV+V 0.21-0.24 mm long, 1.05-1.45 × HT II, which has long thin spinules on the imbrications, and HT I is also spinulose (Fig.46c) …..Illinoia paqueti

- R IV+V 0.125-0.20 mm long, 1.65-1.90 × HT II, which has very small spinules on the imbrications, and no distinct spinules on HT I …..8

8 ANT shorter than BL. R IV+V 0.125-0.155 mm long, with 14-20 accessory hairs. SIPH rather thick, usually without a thinner section on basal half (Fig.46d)

…..Illinoia rhododendri

- ANT longer than BL. R IV+V 0.175-0.20 mm long, with c. 30 accessory hairs. SIPH long and thin with some distal swelling so that there is a thinner section on basal half (Fig.46e)

…..Illinoia pinawae

9 SIPH conspicuously warty or nodulose throughout length …..10

- SIPH smooth, or with normal, spiculose or denticulate imbrication, or warty only towards apices …..15

10 ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.8. ANT tubercles well-developed, with inner faces apically covergent

…..Myzus ornatus

- ANT PT/BASE less than 1.5. ANT tubercles not projecting forward beyond middle of front of head in dorsal view …..11

11 SIPH clavate …..Vesiculaphis rhododendri*

- SIPH not clavate, i.e., without a narrower section on basal half …..12

12 BL more than 3.5 mm. R IV+V 1.8-2.0 × HT II. HT I with 3 hairs (sense peg present).

(ANT III of alata with 82-85 rhinaria) …..Vesiculaphis grandis

- BL less than 2.5 mm. R IV+V 1.0-1.4 × HT II. HT I with 2 hairs (sense peg absent). (ANT III of alata with 19-54 rhinaria) …..13

13 Head warty with small blunt nodules dorsally along posterior margin, and frontal part produced into 3 large lobes. (Alata with anterior dorsal cephalic hairs a little longer than ANT BD III. Cauda tongue-shaped, at least 1.5 × its basal width. SIPH more than 0.75 × head width across eyes) …..Vesiculaphis cephalata

- Head scabrous with many minute spicules in rows dorsally along posterior margin, and frontal part produced into a ledge, with median tubercle as a low swelling beneath it. (Alata with anterior dorsal cephalic hairs shorter than ANT BD III. Cauda triangular, less than 1.5 × its basal width. SIPH less than 0.75 × head width across eyes) …..14

14 (Alata) Forewing with media once-branched. Dorsal abdomen without any dark cross-bands. ANT III smooth, with 28-54 rhinaria. R IV+V 0.6-1.2 × ANT BASE VI

…..Vesiculaphis caricis

- (Alata) Forewing with media twice-branched. Abdomen with dark cross-bands on ABD TERG 3-5. ANT III imbricated, with 19-23 rhinaria. R IV+V 0.4-0.5 × ANT BASE VI

…..Vesiculaphis kongoensis

15 Most dorsal hairs arising from rounded, broad-based processes …..16

- Dorsal hairs not arising from broad-based processes …..18

16 Dorsal processes scabrous, those on ABD TERG 5 and 6 being longer than their basal widths, bearing hairs much shorter than height of processes (Fig.46f). SIPH markedly clavate. Cauda with 5-6 hairs. First tarsal segments with 3 hairs

…..Chaetomyzus rhododendri

- Dorsal processes smooth, hemispherical, all much shorter than their basal widths, bearing long thickish hairs, longer than heights of processes, and with expanded apices (Fig.46g). SIPH clavate or cylindrical. Cauda with 24-60 hairs. First tarsal segments with 5 hairs

…..17

17 SIPH distinctly clavate. Cauda with 35-60 hairs …..Indomasonaphis anaphalidis

- SIPH cylindrical or only very slightly swollen on distal half. Cauda with 24-34 hairs

…..Indomasonaphis inulae

18 SIPH clavate or at least slightly swollen (i.e. with narrower section on basal half) …..19

- SIPH cylindrical or tapering …..24

19 ANT PT/BASE 0.5-0.7. R IV+V extremely long, 3.3-3.7 × HT II and bearing 32-42 accessory hairs …..Rostratusaphis rhododendronitos

- ANT PT/BASE 1.0-6.8. R IV+V less than 3 × HT II, with less than 30 accessory hairs

…..20

20 ANT PT/BASE 1.0-1.3 (estimated, because only alatae have been described). First tarsal segments with 5 hairs ….. “Ericolophium” alpigeniae*

- ANT PT/BASE 1.4-6.8. First tarsal segments with (2-)3 hairs …..21

21 Head densely spiculose, with inner faces of ANT tubercles apically convergent. ANT PT/ BASE 2.8-4.5 …..Myzus persicae

- Head smooth, with inner faces of ANT tubercles divergent. ANT PT/BASE 1.4-2.4 or

5.2-6.8 …..22

22 ANT PT/BASE 5.2-6.8. Tergum entirely pale …..Wahlgreniella nervata

- ANT PT/BASE 1.4-2.4. Tergum with some dark markings …..23

23 ANT III without rhinaria. Tergum mainly membranous, with only small sclerites anterior to SIPH and dark cross-bands on posterior tergites. R IV+V less than 1.3 × HT II, with 2-4 accessory hairs …..Neoamphorophora ledi

- ANT III with 3-8 rhinaria, spaced out over distal 0.5-0.7 of length. Tergum mainly dark sclerotic. R IV+V more than 1.9 × HT II, with c.25 accessory hairs

…..Rhododendraphis tuatayae

24 Second tarsal segments with spinules on the imbrications, at least ventrally …..25

- Second tarsal segments without spinules on the imbrications …..36

25 R IV+V 1.5-1.7 × HT II, with 16-21 accessory hairs. Cauda with 10-15 hairs

…..Ericolophium holsti

- R IV+V 0.8-1.7 × HT II, with 2-6 accessory hairs. Cauda with 4-12 hairs …..26

26 First tarsal segments with 5 hairs. Cauda with 8-12 hairs. R IV+V 0.8-0.9 × HT II

.....Ericolophium ninguidum

- First tarsal segments with 3 hairs. Cauda with 4-8 hairs. R IV+V 0.9-1.7 × HT II .....27

27 Longest hairs on ABD TERG 1-3 more than 24 μm, 1-6 × ANT BD III …..28

- Longest hairs on ABD TERG 1-3 less than 20 μm, shorter than ANT BD III …..32

28 Longest hairs on ABD TERG 1-3 only 25-30 μm, 1.0-1.2 × ANT BD III, with blunt apices. R IV+V 1.5-1.7 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 2.2-3.0 …..Indiaphis indica

- Longest hairs on ABD TERG 1-3 more than 50 μm, 1.5-6 × ANT BD III, with pointed apices. Other characters not in above combination …..29

29 R IV+V 1.6-1.7 × HT II. (ANT 5-segmented, with PT/BASE 1.1-1.2)

…..Indiaphis rostrata (fundatrices?)

- R IV+V 0.9-1.5 × HT II …..30

30 ANT 0.9-1.5 × BL, with PT/BASE c.3. SIPH more than 4 × longer than their width at midlength …..Ericolophium takahashii*

- ANT only c.0.5 × BL, and PT/BASE 1.0-1.9. SIPH stout, less than 3 × longer than their width at midlength (e.g. Fig.46h) …..31

31 R IV+V more than 0.15 mm long, longer than cauda. ANT tubercles undeveloped. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-1.9 …..Indiaphis crassicornis

- R IV+V less than 0.12 mm long, shorter than cauda. ANT tubercles low but evident. ANT PT/BASE 1.0-1.1 …..Indiaphis sp.

(?fundatrix; W Bengal, BMNH colln, leg. AN Basu)

32 R IV+V 1.3-1.6 × HT II. SIPH dark …..Ericolophium itoe (partim)

- R IV+V 0.6-1.1 × HT II. SIPH pale at least basally …..33

33 R IV+V 0.6-0.9 × HT II …..34

- R IV+V 1.0-1.1 × HT II …..35

34 Tergum with a dark sclerotic patch extending from ABD TERG 3-6. Dorsal hairs pointed

…..Ericolophium nigripunctatum*

- Dorsal abdomen without a dark patch. Dorsal hairs blunt …..Ericolophium rectisiphon*

35 Tergum pale. SIPH c.2.5-2.6 × cauda …..Ericolophium ovalifolii

- Tergum entirely dark brown. SIPH c. 1.9-2.0 × cauda …..Ericolophium taiheisanum*

36 ANT longer than BL. ANT III with 1-4 rhinaria near base. SIPH entirely pale or with dark apices .....37

- ANT shorter than BL. ANT III without rhinaria, and other characters not in above combination …..39

37 Head densely spiculose, with inner faces of ANT tubercles steep-sided, almost parallel

.....Aulacorthum solani

- Head not spiculose, inner faces of ANT tubercles divergent …..38

38 SIPH strongly tapering to dark apices, 0.7-1.2 × the dark cauda. R IV with 2-4 accessory hairs .....Sinomegoura rhododendri

- SIPH almost cylindrical over most of length, entirely pale, 2.0-2.1 × the pale cauda. R IV with 1-16 accessory hairs

.....Acyrthosiphon sp. (Norway, BMNH collection, leg. C. Stenseth)

39 ANT tubercles moderately or well developed (if rather low then scabrous, and inner side of ANT I also scabrous). ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles and cauda tongue-shaped, much longer than its basal width …..40

- ANT tubercles undeveloped, or weakly developed but not scabrous. Either ABD TERG 1 and 7 have MTu or cauda is helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 15

(Note: specimens running to Aphis solanella may be A. remaudieri Börner - see text)

40 SIPH stout, less than 6.5 × longer than their midlength widths, and almost flangeless (Fig.46i). Second tarsal segments weakly imbricated, almost smooth on distal half (Fig.46j). Hairs on ABD TERG 1-3 maximally 55-85 μm, c.2 × ANT BD III

…..Ericolophium rhododendri

- SIPH more than 7 × longer than their widths at midlength, with a distinct flange. Second tarsal segments normally imbricated (often with at least traces of spinules on the imbrications). Hairs on ABD TERG 1-3 maximally 20μm, not longer than ANT BD III …..41

41 ANT PT/BASE 2.2-2.4. R IV+V c.1.4 × HT II, with 2 accessory hairs. Cauda with 5-7 hairs

…..Ericolophium itoe (partim)

- ANT PT/BASE 1.6-1.8. R IV+V 0.75-0.9 × HT II, with 8-14 accessory hairs. Cauda with 10-11 hairs …..Ericolophium tianchiense

Rhodomyrtus Myrtaceae

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Greenidea psidii

Rhodomyrtus sp. (?) Greenidea siamensis

Key to apterae on Rhodomyrtus:-

(Both species have SIPH with numerous long hairs.)

- BL 1.3-1.7 mm. SIPH black, darker than dorsal abdominal sclerotisation. (Al. with 7-17 rhinaria on ANT III) ….. Greenidea siamensis

- BL 1.8-2.6 mm. SIPH not as dark as dorsal abdominal sclerotisation. (Al. with 20-31 rhinaria on ANT III) ….. Greenidea psidii

Rhodotypos Rosaceae

Rhodotypos kerrioides = Rh. scandens

Rh. scandens Aphis fabae; Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Rhoicissus Vitaceae

Rhoicissus cuneifolia Sitobion cissi

Rh. tridentata Sitobion cissi

Rhus Sumacs Anacardiaceae

Rh. abyssinica Aphis rhoicola

Rh. ambigua = Toxicodendron orientale

Rh. aromatica = Rh. canadensis

Rh. canadensis Carolinaia rhois

Rh. chinensis Chinese Sumac
Aphis aurantii, citricidus, craccivora, odinae;

Chuansicallis chengtuensis;

Kaburagia rhusicola; [Macrosiphum euphorbiae];

[Neobetulaphis pusilla];

Nurudea ibofushi, shiraii, yanoniella;

[Prociphilus oriens]; Schlechtendalia chinensis, peitan;

Rh. crenata Aphis gossypii

Rh. dentata Aphis gossypii

Rh. diversiloba = Toxicodendron diversilobum

Rh. glabra Smooth Sumac
Carolinaia rhois; Melaphis asafitchi, rhois

Rh. hirta = Rh. typhina

Rh. hypoleuca Aphis odinae; Nurudea zhengii

Rh. japonica Bug-namu, Korean Sumac

Schlechtendalia chinensis

Rh. javanica = Rh. chinensis

Rh. khasiana Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus

Rh. laevigata Aphis gossypii

Rh. lancea Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae

Rh. lucida Aphis gossypii

Rh. magalismontana Melaphis rhois

Rh. nepalensis [Neobetulaphis chaetosiphon]

Rh. pendulina Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae

Rh. potaninii Kaburagia [ovatirhusicola], rhusicola; Floraphis choui;

[Meitanaphis microgallis]

Rh. punjabensis var. sinica Kaburagia rhusicola;

Meitanaphis elongallis, [flavogallis Tang, 1978];

Floraphis meitanensis; Nurudea yanoniella;

Schlechtendalia chinensis, peitan

Rh. pyroides Aphis gossypii

Rh. radicans = Toxicodendron radicans

Rh. semialata = Rh. chinensis

Rh. sinica = Rh. punjabensis var. sinica

Rh. succedanea = Toxicodendron succedaneum

Rh. sylvestris = Toxicodendron sylvestre

Rh. trichocarpa = Toxicodendron trichocarpum

Rh. trifoliolata = Rh. magalismontana

Rh. trilobata Carolinaia rhois

Rh. typhina Staghorn Sumac
[Aphis fabae]; Carolinaia rhois; Melaphis asafitchi, rhois

Rh. verniciflua = Toxicodendron vernicifluum

Rh. viminalis = Rh. pendulina

Rh. wallichii [Eutrichosiphum assamense]

Rhus sp. Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus; [Illinoia spiraeae];

Mollitrichosiphon rhusae; Pseudomegoura magnoliae

Key to aphids on Rhus:-

1 ANT PT/BASE much less than 0.5, with PT short and thick. SIPH absent. Gall formers. (ANT of al. with strap-like, annular secondary rhinaria.) …..2

- ANT PT/BASE more than 0.5, with PT thin and elongate. SIPH present, tubular. Free-living aphids. (ANT of al. with rounded or oval secondary rhinaria) …..13

2 (Couplets 3-11 refer to alate migrants from galls) Pterostigma of forewing extending in a curve around tip of wing (fig. 99A) .....3

- Pterostigma of normal length, not extending around wing-tip (fig. 99B) .....5

3 Antenna 6-segmented, II-VI each with a single very large rhinarium occupying most of its surface area, in which are scattered many small islands of sclerotized cuticle (fig. 99C)

.....Meitanaphis elongallis

- Antenna 5-segmented; II-V each with at least partial separation of the sensoriated surface into smaller units (fig. 99D) .....4

4 ANT III longer than base of ANT V …..Schlechtendalia chinensis

- ANT III shorter than base of ANT V …..Schlechtendalia peitan*

5 Antenna 6-segmented .....6

- Antenna 5-segmented .....9

6 ANT III-VI each with a single large oblong rhinarium occupying most of its surface area

(fig. 99E) .....Kaburagia rhusicola

- ANT III-VI with separate, transversely elongate rhinaria .....7

7 Rhinaria on ANT III-VI numerous (usually more than 8 on ANT III), and usually some of them completely ringing the antenna (fig. 99F)

.....Melaphis rhois (part; or M. asafitchi – see text)

- Rhinaria on ANT III-VI fewer in number (maximum of 8 on ANT III), never completely ringing the antenna (e.g. fig 99G) .....8

8 ANT III less than 1.5 × IV. Tibiae with short hairs .....Floraphis meitanensis

- ANT III more than 1. 5 × IV. Tibiae with long hairs .....Floraphis choui

9 ANT III clearly longer than ANT V, with 10 or more narrow, annular secondary rhinaria (fig. 99H) .....Melaphis rhois (part; or M. asafitchi – see text)

- ANT III similar in length to ANT V, with less than 10 broad or narrow secondary rhinaria (figs. 99I-K) .....10

10 ANT IV and V each with a single large rhinarium occupying most of the surface area,
enclosing small scattered islands of cuticle (fig. 99I) .....Nurudea ibofushi*

- ANT IV and V with one or more separated rhinaria like ANT III .....11

11 ANT IV and V each with only a single small secondary rhinarium proximal to the large primary rhinarium, much smaller than those on ANT III .....Nurudea zhengii*

- ANT IV and V with annular rhinaria like those on ANT III .....12

12 Secondary rhinaria on ANT IV and V mostly broad and strap-like, and sometimes joined to form rhinaria longer than width of antenna (fig. 99J) .....Nurudea shiraii

- Secondary rhinaria on ANT IV and V all narrow and separate (fig. 99K)

.....Nurudea yanoniella

13 SIPH tubular, dark brown, about half of body length and densely clothed in long hairs. (Hind tibiae with about 30 stridulatory (?) ridges on basal 0.6-0.7 of length)

..... Mollitrichosiphon rhusae

- SIPH shorter and without hairs .....14

14 ANT PT/BASE less than 1. SIPH as small, truncate cones, shorter than basal width. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed .....Chuansicallis chengtuensis

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH tubular, longer than basal width. Cauda tongue- or finger-like, anal plate entire .....15

15 Stridulatory ridges present ventrolaterally on abdominal sternites 5 and 6, and hind tibia with a row of short, peg-like hairs. Cauda with 10-54 hairs

.....Aphis (Toxoptera) spp. and Aphis odinae (use couplets 26-27 of polyphagous aphids key)

- No stridulatory ridges nor peg-like hairs on hind tibiae. Cauda with fewer hairs .....16

16 SIPH cylindrical or tapering from base to flange .....17

- SIPH swollen at least slightly in middle or on distal half .....19

17 Dorsal abdomen with an extensive black patch .....Aphis craccivora

- Dorsal abdomen without an extensive black patch .....18

18 ANT PT/BASE less than 2 .....Aphis rhoicola

- ANT PT/BASE more than 2 .....Aphis gossypii

19 Head capsule smooth or wrinkled, with ANT tubercles weakly developed. SIPH are entirely dark .....Carolinaia rhois

- Head capsule scabrous or spiculose, at least ventrally, and ANT tubercles well developed, with steep-sided or apically convergent inner faces. SIPH at least basally pale …..20

20 Antennae and legs mainly dark, SIPH dark distally. ANT III with 1-2 secondary rhinaria near base. Antennal tubercles with inner faces parallel .....Pseudomegoura magnoliae

- Antennae, legs and SIPH mainly pale. ANT III without any rhinaria. Antennal tubercles with inner faces convergent .....Myzus persicae

Rhynchelytrum see Melinis Poaceae

Rhynchosia Fabaceae

Rhynchosia cytisoides Acyrthosiphon pisum

Rh. minima Aphis craccivora, gossypii; Sitobion nigrinectarium

Rh. nyasica Aphis craccivora

Rh. resinosa Sitobion nigrinectarium

Rhynchosia sp. Microparsus rhynchosiae

Key to apterae on Rhynchosia:-

1 ANT tubercles undeveloped or weakly developed. ANT III without rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 2.0-3.4. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu) …..2

- ANT tubercles well developed. ANT III with 1-5 small rhinaria near base. ANT PT/BASE 3.0-7.4. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu …..3

2 Dorsal abdomen with an extensive black patch. SIPH and cauda both black

…..Aphis craccivora

- Dorsal abdomen without any dark sclerotisation. SIPH black, cauda pale or dusky

…..Aphis gossypii

3 SIPH somewhat clavate, 0.16-0.21 × BL …..Microparsus rhynchosiae

- SIPH long and thin, tapering/cylindrical, more than 0.21 × BL …..4

4 SIPH pale, distally attenuate, without any polygonal reticulation …..Acyrthosiphon pisum

- SIPH dark with subapical zone of polygonal reticulation …..Sitobion nigrinectarium

Rhynchosinapis Brassicaceae

Rhynchosinapis cheiranthos = Coincya monensis ssp. cheiranthos

Rhynchospora (including Dichromena) Cyperacaeae

Rhynchospora alba Sitobion paludum

Rh. contracta Hysteroneura setariae

Rh. cyperoides = Rh. holoschoenoides

Rh. elongata = Rh. uniflora

Rh. holoschoenoides Carolinaia caricis

Rh. marisculus Carolinaia caricis; Hysteroneura setariae

Rh. polyphylla = Rh. contracta

Rh. radicans Carolinaia caricis; Hysteroneura setariae

Rh. rugosa Carolinaia caricis

Rh. setacea (?) Carolinaia caricis

Rh. uniflora Rhopalosiphum maidis

Rhynchospora sp. Rhopalosiphum padi

Key to apterae on Rhynchospora:-

- Dorsal abdomen with extensive dark sclerotisation extending without subdivision across all of ABD TERG 1-5, including margins. SIPH black, 1.4-1.9 × cauda, with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation …..Sitobion paludum

- Without that combination of characters …..go to key to apterae on Cyperus

Rhynchostegium see Eurhynchium Brachytheciaceae

Rhytidiadelphus Hylocomiaceae

Rhytidiadelphus loreus Melaphis rhois

Rh. squarrosus [Cryptaphis poae]; Decorosiphon corynothrix;

Jacksonia papillata; Melaphis rhois;

Muscaphis escherichi; [Prociphilus xylostei];

Pseudacaudella rubida

Use key to apterae of moss-feeding aphids under Polytrichum.

Rhytidophyllum Gesneriaceae

Rhytidophyllum villosulum Aphis spiraecola

Ribes (including Chrysobotrya, Grossularia) Grossulariaceae

Ribes aciculare Aphis grossulariae; Eriosoma ulmi;

Hyperomyzus lactucae, pallidus

R. acidum Aphis schneideri

R. affine Aphis solitaria

R. alpestre Aphis fabae

R. alpinum Aphis grossulariae, schneideri, triglochinis;

Cryptomyzus [ballotae], galeopsidis, heinzei, korschelti,

rhinanthi; [ribis];

Eriosoma anncharlotteae, [ulmi];

Hyperomyzus lactucae, [luteus], pallidus, picridis,

rhinanthi, zirnitsi;

Nasonovia cynosbati, ribisnigri, vannesii

R. altissimum Cryptomyzus ribis

R. ambiguum Hyperomyzus lactucae

R. americanum Aphis grossulariae

R. atropurpureum = R. petraeum

R. aureum Aphis [cornifoliae Fitch (of Gillette 1910)],

[costalis? (see aphidtrek.org)]; fabae,

grossulariae, mimuli, nasturtii, oenotherae, schneideri;

Aulacorthum solani;

Cryptomyzus galeopsidis, korschelti, ribis; Eriosoma ulmi;

Hyperomyzus lactucae, nigricornis, pallidus, picridis,

rhinanthi, ribiellus;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae;

Nasonovia cynosbati, houghtonensis ssp. russellae,

ribisnigri

R. bracteosum Cryptomyzus ribis; Hyperomyzus lactucae

R. burejense Aphis grossulariae; Cryptomyzus taoi

R. cereum Aphis grossulariae, [Aphis (Bursaphis) sp., Washington, USA – see aphidtrek.org] ;

Nasonovia arizonensis (?), cynosbati,

houghtonensis ssp. cerei, grossa, [polemonii]

R. cereum var. inebrians Cryptomyzus galeopsidis, korschelti;

Hyperomyzus lactucae, pallidus, picridis;

Nasonovia ribisnigri

R. ciliatum Aphis solitaria

R. cynosbati Cryptomyzus ribis;

(= Grossularia cynosbati) Nasonovia cynosbati, houghtonensis ssp. similis

R. diacanthum Aphis grossulariae, schneideri, varians;

Hyperomyzus lactucae

R. distans Cryptomyzus korschelti

R. divaricatum (incl. ssp. Aphis grossulariae; Eriosoma ulmi;

parishii) Nasonovia cynosbati,?vannesii

R. fasciculatum (incl. var. Aphis grossulariae, triglochinis;

chinense) Cryptomyzus taoi; Hyperomyzus lactucae;

[Macrosiphum suguri Shinji (nomen dubium)];

[Sitobion akebiae]

R. fragrans Aphis grossulariae, triglochinis, varians

R. glaciale Cryptomyzus korschelti; Hyperomyzus lactucae;

Nasonovia ribisnigri

R. glandulosum Hyperomyzus nabali; Cryptomyzus ribis

R. glutinosum = R. sanguineum var. glutinosum

R. ×gordonianum Aphis schneideri

R. gracile Hyperomyzus nabali; Nasonovia ribisnigri

R. graveolens Aphis grossulariae

R. grossularia = R. uva-crispa

R. grossularioides = R. burejense

R. heterotrichum Aphis grossulariae, schneideri;

Cryptomyzus korschelti, malkovskii, [ribis];

Hyperomyzus lactucae, pallidus; [Nasonovia alatavica]

R. hirtellum Nasonovia houghtonensis ssp. similis, ribisnigri

R. hispidulum = R. spicatum ssp. hispidulum

R. hudsonianum var. petiolare Hyperomyzus petiolaris

R. inebrians = R. cereum var. inebrians

R. inerme Cryptomyzus ribis; Hyperomyzus pallidus;

Nasonovia grossa, houghtonensis ssp. occidentalis,

houghtonensis ssp. russellae, ribisnigri

R. irriguum = R. oxyacanthoides var. irriguum

R. janczewskii Aphis triglochinis; [Cryptomyzus ribis (really korschelti?)];

Eriosoma ulmi

R. japonicum Hyperomyzus lactucae

R. komarovii Aphis grossulariae; Hyperomyzus lactucae, pallidus

R. lacustre = Limnobotrya lacustris

R. latifolium Aphis grossulariae; Cryptomyzus ribis

R. laxiflorum Aphis oenotherae; Cryptomyzus galeopsidis;

Hyperomyzus lactucae

R. leptanthum Aphis oenotherae; Nasonovia cynosbati

R. longiflorum = R. aureum

R. longiracemosum Cryptomyzus ribis

R. lucidum = R. alpinum

R. luridum Aphis grossulariae

R. macwiggi (?maximowiczii) Cryptomyzus korschelti

R. magellanicum Aphis varians; Cryptomyzus ribis; Hyperomyzus lactucae

R. malvaceum Nasonovia cynosbati, ribifolii

R. malvifolium [Cryptomyzus ribis (really korschelti?)]

R. manshuricum Aphis grossulariae, schneideri;

Cryptomyzus korschelti, ribis; Hyperomyzus pallidus

R. maximowiczii Nasonovia ribisnigri

R. menziesii Hyperomyzus lactucae, pallidus, picridis

(= Grossularia menziesii)

R. meyeri Aphis grossulariae, schneideri;

Cryptomyzus korschelti, [multipilosus], ribis,

[transiliensis];

Eriosoma ulmi; Hyperomyzus lactucae, pallidus, picridis;

Nasonovia ribisnigri

R. missouriense Cryptomyzus ribis

(= Grossularia missouriensis)

R. montigenum Nasonovia cynosbati, ribifolii

R. multiflorum Cryptomyzus ribis; Hyperomyzus lactucae

R. nevadaense [Aphis (Bursaphis) sp.]; Hyperomyzus lactucae

R. nigrum Aphis [epilobii], fabae, grossulariae, manitobensis, mimuli,

oenotherae, schneideri, triglochinis, varians;

Cryptomyzus galeopsidis, galeopsidis ssp. citrinus,

galeopsidis ssp. dickeri, ribis

Eriosoma ulmi;

Hyperomyzus lactucae, nigricornis, pallidus, petiolaris,

[picridis], rhinanthi, ribiellus;

Nasonovia cynosbati, houghtonensis ssp. similis, ribisnigri

Rhopalosiphoninus ribesinus

R. niveum = R. gracile

R. non-scriptum Nasonovia ribisnigri

R. odoratum = R. aureum

R. orientale Cryptomyzus ballotae, korschelti; Nasonovia ribisnigri

R. oxyacanthoides Hyperomyzus lactucae;

Nasonovia houghtonensis ssp. similis, ribisnigri

R. oxyacanthoides Eriosoma ulmi; Hyperomyzus lactucae, pallidus;

var. irriguum Nasonovia ribisnigri

R. oxyacanthoides var. setosum Cryptomyzus korschelti

R. palczewskii = R. spicatum

R. pallidiflorum Aphis grossulariae

R. pallidum Aphis grossulariae, schneideri; Cryptomyzus ribis

R. parishii = R. divaricatum ssp. parishii

R. petiolare = R. hudsonianum var. petiolare

R. petraeum Aphis grossulariae, schneideri;

Cryptomyzus galeopsidis, korschelti, ribis;

Hyperomyzus lactucae, picridis, rhinanthi;

Nasonovia ribisnigri, vannesii

R. pinetorum Nasonovia ribisnigri

R. pubescens = R. spicatum

R. quercetorum Nasonovia cynosbati

R. rotundifolium Nasonovia ribisnigri

(= Grossularia rotundifolia)

R. rubrum Aphis [epilobii], fabae, [gossypii], grossulariae,

schneideri, triglochinis;

Cryptomyzus galeopsidis, galeopsidis ssp. citrinus,

maudamanti, ribis, stachydis;

Eriosoma grossulariae, ulmi;

Hyperomyzus lactucae, pallidus, rhinanthi, zirnitsi;

Nasonovia cynosbati, ribisnigri, vannesii;

Rhopalosiphoninus ribesinus

R. rubrum Aphis oenotherae

var. subglandulosum (?)

R. ruizii Cryptomyzus ribis

R. sachalinense Cryptomyzus ribis

R. sanguineum Aphis fabae, grossulariae, schneideri;

Cryptomyzus galeopsidis, korschelti, ribis

Eriosoma anncharlotteae, grossulariae, ulmi;

Hyperomyzus lactucae, pallidus, picridis;

Nasonovia cynosbati, houghtonensis ssp. similis,

muesebecki

R. sanguineum var. glutinosum Nasonovia ribifolii

R. sativum Cryptomyzus galeopsidis, ribis; [Myzus ribis Shinji 1922]

R. saxatile Aphis grossulariae;

Cryptomyzus korschelti, malkovskii, ribis;

Hyperomyzus lactucae

R. saxosum (= Grossularia saxosa) Nasonovia cynosbati

R. setosum = R. oxyacanthoides var. setosum

R. sinanense Hyperomyzus lactucae;

[Macrosiphum suguri Shinji (nomen dubium)];

[Myzus ribis Shinji 1922]; Nasonovia ribisnigri;

[Prociphilus pini]

R. speciosum Aphis oenotherae; Nasonovia cynosbati

R. spicatum Aphis grossulariae; Cryptomyzus ribis, stachydis;

Hyperomyzus lactucae

R. spicatum ssp. hispidulum Cryptomyzus ribis; Hyperomyzus lactucae, rhinanthi;

Rhopalosiphoninus ribesinus

R. trifidum Cryptomyzus korschelti; Hyperomyzus lactucae, picridis;

Nasonovia ribisnigri

R. triste Aphis grossulariae, schneideri, triglochinis, varians;

Cryptomyzus korschelti; Hyperomyzus lactucae

R. urceolatum Cryptomyzus ribis

R. ussuriense Hyperomyzus lactucae; Nasonovia ribisnigri

R. uva-crispa Aphis [epilobii], fabae, grossulariae, oenotherae,

schneideri, triglochinis, varians;

Aulacorthum solani;

Cryptomyzus galeopsidis, korschelti, ribis;

Eriosoma grossulariae, ulmi;

Hyperomyzus lactucae, [luteus], pallidus, picridis,

rhinanthi, ribiellus;

Nasonovia brachycyclica, cynosbati, houghtonensis,

ribisnigri

R. valdivianum Hyperomyzus lactucae

R. vilmorianum (?) Hyperomyzus lactucae

R. viscosissimum Nasonovia grossa, houghtonensis ssp. cerei

R. watsonianum Aphis grossulariae

(= Grossularia watsoniana)

Ribes spp. Aphis [atromaculata], oenotherae ssp. pacifica, [popovi],

spiraecola, [viburni (= ?fabae)];

Nasonovia arizonensis, [suguri Shinji (= ?cynosbati)]

Key to apterae on Ribes:-

Note: This key is applicable to second generation apterae of host-alternating species of Cryptomyzus, Hyperomyzus and Nasonovia in spring colonies on Ribes; it will not work for fundatrices, except where this morph is specified. It does not include Hyperomyzus luteus, which we have not seen, and for which there is no adequate published description. Couplets 26-38 are based largely on Heie (1979).

For an illustrated key to the common aphids on commercially grown Ribes spp. see Blackman & Eastop (2000).

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 1. ANT V+VI about equal to or shorter than R IV+V. Dorsal wax glands present each consisting of a ring of facets around an undivided central area (most easily seen on head and margins of abdomen). SIPH as pores with sclerotic rims …..2

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5. No evident wax glands. SIPH tubular …..4

2 Wax glands with a ring of 9-20 small facets, each of diameter less than 0.25 of that of central area. ANT V 0.63-0.87 × ANT VI (incl. PT) …..Eriosoma grossulariae

- Wax glands with a ring of 5-10 facets, each of diameter more than 0.33 of that of central area. ANT V 0.86-1.26 × ANT VI (incl. PT) …..3

3 Central area of wax gland defined by a distinct fine dark double line. ANT VI 0.45-0.58 × R IV+V, which is 1.32-1.63 × HT II. Longest apical hair on ANT PT 15-20 μm

…..Eriosoma ulmi

- Central area of wax gland delimited by a greyish band or single line. ANT VI 0.31-0.45 × R IV+V, which is 1.6-2.0 × HT II. Longest apical hair on ANT PT less than 15 μm

…..Eriosoma anncharlotteae

4 Dorsal body hairs with distinctly capitate apices; either at least some of these hairs are long and very thick, more than 2.5 × longer than ANT BD III and with bases at least 2-3 × thicker than those of ventral hairs, or they arise from transverse rows of sclerites …..5

- Dorsal hairs with blunt or pointed apices, or if hairs are long and have somewhat expanded apices then they are not much thicker at base than ventral hairs and/or not on transverse rows of pigmented sclerites …..11

5 Dorsal abdomen with sclerites at bases of capitate hairs. SIPH tapering for most of length. Cauda pentagonal, not longer than its basal width …..Cryptomyzus malkovskii*

- Dorsal abdomen membranous. SIPH either thin and cylindrical for most of length, or swollen on distal half. Cauda tongue-shaped, usually longer than its basal width …..6

6 R IV+V 1.3-1.6 × HT II, with 5-18 accessory hairs. Longest hair on ANT III shorter than or about equal to (0.5-1.1 X) BD III, usually shorter than longest hair on ANT I, or if similar in length then R IV+V more than 1.4 × HT II with 7-18 accessory hairs …..7

- Longest hair on ANT III longer than (1.2-2.1 X) BD III, similar in length to longest hair on ANT I. R IV+V 0.95-1.35 × HT II, with 2-7 accessory hairs …..10

7 ABD TERG 1-4 each with at most 6-12 long capitate hairs (only marginal hairs duplicated), plus some much smaller hairs amongst them. RIV+V with 11-18 accessory hairs. Cauda not longer than its basal width …..Cryptomyzus korschelti

- ABD TERG 1-4 each with (10-)12-18 long capitate hairs (spinal hairs often and pleural sometimes duplicated, as well as marginal hairs). R IV+V with 5-14 accessory hairs. Cauda usually a little longer than its basal width …..8

8 ANT PT/BASE 5.9-9.0. R IV+V 1.48-1.75 × HT II …..Cryptomyzus ballotae (or heinzei?)

- ANT PT/BASE 9.0-11.5. R IV+V 1.3-1.5 × HT II …..9

9 SIPH cylindrical or only slightly thickened on distal half, 2.5-4 × cauda, which is not constricted at base. R IV with 5-8 accessory hairs …..Crytomyzus ribis

- SIPH slightly but distinctly clavate, 4.3-5 × cauda, which is slightly constricted at base. R IV with 9-13 accessory hairs …..Cryptomyzus taoi

10 SIPH cylindrical or only slightly swollen on distal half, 0.13-0.18 × BL, and 1.5-2.4 × cauda

…..Cryptomyzus galeopsidis

- SIPH distinctly clavate, 0.17-0.20 × BL and 2.3-4 × cauda …..Cryptomyzus maudamanti

11 SIPH slightly to markedly swollen or clavate …..12

- SIPH tapering or cylindrical …..25

12 Head spiculose, with inner faces of ANT tubercles steep-sided or apically convergent

…..13

- Head smooth, with inner faces of ANT tubercles divergent …..14

13 SIPH black and strongly clavate. ANT III with 5-28 rhinaria. Tergum sclerotic, and often dark. SIPH 2.5-3 × the triangular cauda …..Rhopalosiphoninus ribesinus

- SIPH pale and only slightly clavate. ANT III without rhinaria. Tergum not sclerotic. SIPH 1.9-2.5 × the tongue-shaped cauda …..Myzus persicae

14 SIPH ornamented with fine imbrications throughout most of length, even on swollen part

…..15

- SIPH smooth, or with some imbrication basally or apically, but not on swollen part …..18

15 SIPH only slightly swollen on distal half, with maximum width of swollen part 1.05-1.3 × minimum diameter basad …..16

- SIPH distinctly clavate, with maximum width of swollen part 1.5-2.6 × minimum diameter basad …..17

16 SIPH 2.4-2.7 × cauda. Apterae with 7-37 secondary rhinaria on ANT III (and alata with 30-43) ….. Hyperomyzus ribiellus (partim)

- SIPH 1.5-2.4 × cauda. Apterae with 6-16 secondary rhinaria on ANT III (and alata with 38-63) ….. Hyperomyzus nigricornis

17 R IV+V shorter than HT II …..Hyperomyzus petiolaris

- R IV+V longer than HT II …..Hyperomyzus nabali

18 Dorsum with extensive black sclerotic markings, including a black patch on ABD TERG

2-4(-5). SIPH black, spindle-shaped. Cauda black …..Hyperomyzus rhinanthi

- Dorsum pale or only with small dark intersegmental markings. SIPH pale, dusky, or

dark-tipped, clavate. Cauda pale …..19

19 SIPH 2.9-4.1 × cauda. ANT III with 0-2 rhinaria …..Cryptomyzus stachydis

- SIPH 1.3-2.5 × cauda. ANT III with 0-40 rhinaria …..20

20 R IV+V 0.88-1.25 × HT II, and SIPH with maximum width of swollen part less than 2 × minimum width basad. ANT III with 0-14 rhinaria; if present these are usually restricted to basal half …..21

- R IV+V 1.2-1.7 × HT II, but if less than 1.3 × then SIPH has maximum width of swollen part more than 2 × minimum width basad. ANT III with 8-40 rhinaria, often extending in an irregular row onto distal half …..24

21 ANT III without or sometimes with 1-4 rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 2.5-4.5 (fund.) .....22

- ANT III with (0-)4-12 rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 4.3-7.7 .....23

22 SIPH 1.2-1.9 × ANT PT. R IV+V 0.9-1.01 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 2.5-3.6(-4.1)

.....Hyperomyzus lactucae (fund.)

- SIPH 0.6-1.1 × ANT PT. R IV+V 1.0-1.25 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE (3.1-)3.5-4.5

.....Hyperomyzus pallidus (fund.)

23 ANT PT/BASE 4.2-5.5(-6.0). R IV+V 0.88-1.0 × HT II. SIPH (1.65-)1.7-2.0 × cauda. (Al. with dark dorsal patch fenestrated) ..... Hyperomyzus lactucae

- ANT PT/BASE 5.5-7.8. R IV+V 0.99-1.4 × HT II. SIPH 1.45-1.7(-1.83) × cauda. (Al. with solid dark dorsal patch) ..... Hyperomyzus pallidus

24 R IV+V 1.2-1.35 × HT II. Maximum width of swollen part of SIPH 2.1-2.6 × minimum width of stem, which is narrower than hind femur at midlength …..Hyperomyzus zirnitsi

- RIV+V 1.5-1.7 × HT II. Maximum width of swollen part of SIPH 1.3-1.6 × minimum width of stem, which is thicker than hind femur at midlength …..Hyperomyzus picridis

25 Thoracic spiracular apertures much larger than abdominal ones. ANT III with 0-52 rhinaria

…..26

- Thoracic spiracular apertures similar in size to abdominal ones. ANT III with 0-10 rhinaria

…..39

26 Abdominal spiracular apertures almost circular, not covered with a cowl-like operculum. Cauda usually with 7-9 hairs (1 dorsoapical and 3-4 lateral pairs) …..27

- Abdominal spiracular apertures reniform or oval, partially covered by cowl-like opercula. Cauda usually with 5 hairs (1 dorsoapical and 2 lateral pairs), rarely with 4, 6, 7 or 8

…..28

27 SIPH imbricated throughout length, 2.4-2.7 × cauda. ANT III with 7-37 rhinaria, not restricted to basal half, and longest hairs 1.0-1.3 × BD III …..Hyperomyzus ribiellus (partim)

- SIPH with little or no imbrication except near apices, 1.6-2.2 × cauda. ANT III with 0-18 rhinaria on basal half, and longest hairs 0.7-1.1 × BD III …..Nasonovia ribisnigri

28 Secondary rhinaria tuberculate. Tergum pale …..29

- Secondary rhinaria sunken, flat or only very slightly protruding. Tergum pale or dark, or with dark markings …..30

29 R IV+V 2.1-2.9 × HT II, with 20-24 accessory hairs. ANT PT/BASE 3.8-5.0. ANT III with 10-19 rhinaria, and longest hairs 1.2-1.8 × BD III …..Nasonovia muesbecki

- R IV+V c.1.4 × HT II, with c. 9-10 accessory hairs. ANT PT/BASE c. 7. ANT III with

c.28-32 rhinaria, and longest hairs c 1.0 × BD III …..Nasonovia vannesii

30 SIPH dark, 2.6-3.0 × cauda. Dorsum with an extensive black shield extending from metanotum to ABD TERG 5 or 6, but not extending laterally on abdomen to spiracles and marginal sclerites …..Nasonovia grossa

- SIPH pale or dark, 0.9-2.4 × cauda. Dorsum pale or with dark markings, or if with extensive dark pigmentation this includes marginal sclerites …..31

31 SIPH with spinulose imbrication over almost entire length …..32

- SIPH almost smooth or wrinkled, but with spinulose imbrication only on distal part …..38

32 SIPH and cauda dark. Dorsal abdomen usually with dark sclerotisation, consisting of dark sclerites or cross-bars or a complete shield extending to marginal sclerites …..33

- SIPH pale or dark-tipped, cauda pale. Dorsal abdomen pale or variably sclerotised, but never with an extensive dark area (Nasonovia houghtonensis s.lat.) ….. 34

33 R IV+V 0.13-0.14 mm, 1.5-1.7 × HT II, with 7-12 accessory hairs. Longest hairs on ANT III 1.1-1.5 × BD III. ANT PT/BASE 3.5-3.7. SIPH 0.07-0.11 × BL

.....Nasonovia arizonensis

- R IV+V 0.15-0.18 mm, 2.0-2.1 × HT II, with 16-18 accessory hairs. Longest hairs on ANT III 1.6-2.0 × BD III. ANT PT/BASE 3.8-4.5. SIPH 0.19-0.27 × BL .....Nasonovia ribifolii

34 SIPH 0.30-0.57 mm long, usually more than 1.5 × cauda. R IV+V 1.8-2.7 × HT II. (Al. with 30-63 rhinaria on ANT III) …..Nasonovia houghtonensis ssp. cerei

- SIPH 0.17-0.33 mm long, usually less than 1.5 × cauda. R IV+V 1.4-2.1 × HT II. (Al. with 16-30 rhinaria on ANT III) …..35

35 R IV+V 1.4-1.7 × HT II, with 10-14 accessory hairs

.…. Nasonovia houghtonensis ssp. houghtonensis

- R IV+V 1.6-2.1 × HT II, with 12-23 accessory hairs …..36

36 R IV+V with 12-13 accessory hairs ….. Nasonovia houghtonensis ssp. occidentalis

- R IV+V with 14-23 accessory hairs …..37

37 Prothorax and ABD TERG 2-5 usually with well-developed marginal tubercles (MTu). ABD TERG 3 usually with 4 marginal hairs on each side

….. Nasonovia houghtonensis ssp. russellae

- MTu usually absent. ABD TERG 3 usually with 2 marginal hairs on each side

….. Nasonovia houghtonensis ssp. similis

38 ABD TERG 1-7 usually with a pattern of more-or-less fused dark sclerites or cross-bars. SIPH almost smooth, and dusky or dark, sometimes with paler middle section

…..Nasonovia brachycyclica

- Dorsal abdomen pale, rarely with rather pale indistinct sclerites. SIPH pale, usually with some imbrication, occasionally dusky or dark …..Nasonovia cynosbati

39 ANT tubercles well developed, with inner faces divergent or almost parallel. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) …..40

- ANT tubercles undeveloped or weakly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 always with MTu

…..42

40 Head spiculose, with steep-sided, almost parallel ANT tubercles. SIPH without polygonal reticulation …..Aulacorthum solani

- Head smooth, with inner faces of ANT tubercles divergent. SIPH with subapical polygonal reticulation …..41

41 ANT PT/BASE c.7. R IV+V 1.1-1.2 × HT II …..Macrosiphum bisensoriatum

- ANT PT/BASE 5.3-6.2. R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

42 R IV+V with 3-12 accessory hairs …..43

- R IV+V with 2 accessory hairs …..48

43 Hairs on ANT III very long, fine and wavy, the longest of them 1.8-4 × BD III …..44

- Hairs on ANT III straight or curved, not fine and wavy, maximally 1-2 × BD III ……46

44 SIPH 0.13-0.23 mm long, 0.08-0.10 × BL, 0.8-1.0 × cauda …..Aphis manitobensis

- SIPH 0.23-0.38 mm long, 0.12-0.25 × BL, and 1.0-2.2 × cauda …..45

45 ABD TERG 2-5 as well as 1 and 7 with well-developed marginal tubercles (MTu)

…..Aphis schneideri

- ABD TERG 2-5 only sporadically with small MTu …..Aphis varians

46 Marginal tubercles (MTu) present at least on some of AND TERG 2-6

…..Aphis grossulariae

- MTu usually absent from ABD TERG 2-6 …..47

47 ANT III usually with 1-8, and IV with 0-2, rhinaria, on distal half of segment; these are of bursiform type, i.e. sunk in pits, with small irregular-shaped openings. Longest hairs on ABD TERG 8 usually less than 55 μm. Dorsal cuticle distinctly reticulated. HT I with 2 hairs (no sense peg) …..Aphis solitaria

- ANT III and IV without rhinaria. Hairs on ABD TERG 8 rarely less than 55 μm long. Dorsal cuticle not reticulated. HT I with 3 hairs …..Aphis oenotherae

48 SIPH and cauda pale or dusky, SIPH sometimes dark-tipped …..49

- SIPH and cauda black …..51

49 ANT PT/BASE 1.8-3.0. SIPH 0.9-1.6 × cauda. longest hairs on ANT III 0.4-0.7 × BD III

…..Aphis nasturtii

- ANT PT/BASE 1.1-1.8. SIPH 0.7-1.3 × cauda. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.7-1.2 × BD III

…..50

50 SIPH 1.5-2.0 × longer than their basal width, shorter than ANT PT, and also shorter than cauda. (Secondary rhinaria in al. III 9-20, IV 4-6, V 0) …..Aphis mimuli

- SIPH 2.0-3.5 × longer than their basal width, longer than ANT PT and often longer than cauda. (Secondary rhinaria in al. III 25-60, IV 9-25, V 7-17) …..Aphis triglochinis

51 SIPH 0.75-1.1 × ANT III and 1.8-2.7 × ANT BASE VI. ANT PT 0.27-0.46 mm, and ANT PT/BASE 2.1-3.8 (mostly 2.4-3.6). Cauda not constricted near midlength and bearing 11-24 hairs. ABD TERG 7 and 8 with dark bands, and dark dorsal markings also usually present anterior to SIPH. (Al. with 10-23 secondary rhinaria on ANT III) .....Aphis fabae

- SIPH 1.1-1.45 × ANT III and 2.8-3.4 × ANT BASE VI. ANT PT 0.22-0.29 mm, and ANT PT/BASE 2.1-2.6. Cauda usually clearly constricted near midlength and bearing 6-15 (usually 9-11) hairs. Abdomen without any dark markings. (Al. with 4-12 secondary rhinaria on ANT III) …..Aphis spiraecola

Richardia Kunth. see Zantedeschia Araceae

Richardia L. Rubiaceae

Richardia pilosa = R. scabra

R. scabra Aphis gossypii, spiraecola; Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Ricinus Euphorbiaceae

Ricinus communis Castor Oil Plant

Aphis fabae, gossypii, spiraecola; [Brachycaudus cardui];

[Chromaphis juglandicola]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Riedlea see Melochia Malvaceae

Ritchiea Capparidaceae

Ritchiea sp. Aphis gossypii

Robinia Fabaceae

Robinia luxurians Aphis craccivora

R. neomexicana Appendiseta robiniae

R. pseudoacacia Black Locust

Acyrthosiphon caraganae, gossypii, pisum;

Aphis [craccae], craccivora, craccivora ssp.

pseudoacaciae, fabae, gossypii, solanella, spiraecola;

Appendiseta robiniae; Aulacorthum solani;

[Lachnus tropicalis]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus persicae;

[Eotrama orientalis (Narzikulov 1962)];

[Tinocallis zelkowae]

R. viscosa Aphis craccivora

Key to aphids on Robinia:-

1 All viviparae alate, with cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed. Secondary rhinaria on ANT III transversely elongate. ANT PT/BASE about 0.5. SIPH short, truncated cones with a single short hair attached at base