HOST LISTS AND KEYS FOR EACH PLANT GENUS (in alphabetical order) |
Pop-Pru Populus Poplars
Salicaceae There are about 120 poplar-feeding aphid species, in
24 genera. Although some species appear to be host-specific, many others are not,
and there are no clear patterns of host specificity related to the subgeneric
classification of Populus. Therefore the poplar-feeding aphids are
treated as a whole, and two rather long keys are provided, one to the
free-living aphids and the other two those that form galls or pseudogalls
(e.g. folded leaves or "leaf nests". The gall-formers all belong to
subfamily Pemphiginae; of these, only the alatae from the galls are keyed. Host List:-
Populus acuminata Lanceleaf Cottonwood Pemphigus
populicaulis, populitransversus P. adenopoda Chinese Aspen
P. alba White Poplar Chaitophorus
[dorocola ssp. wuweiensis],
indicus, leucomelas,
longisetosus, melanosiphon, [nassonowi],
[nigritus], populeti,
populeti ssp. sensoriatus, populialbae,
populialbae ssp. yomefuri,
[populihabitans], [tremulae];
Gootiella alba;
[Myzus persicae]; warshavensis
(also on
roots?; see text); [sinipopulifoliae], smithiae, yezoense; Stomaphis longirostris; Tuberolachnus
salignus P. alba var. pyramidalis Bunge Chaitophorus
populeti, populialbae, [tremulae]; (Note: P. pyramidalis Rozier = Neopemphigus
turajevi; [Pemphigus bursarius]; P. angulata = P. deltoides P.
angustifolia Narrow-Leaf Cottonwood P. balsamifera Tacamahac or Balsam Poplar populeti, populialbae, populicola,
populifolii; monophagus,
[phenax],
populi, populicaulis, populiglobuli, populinigrae,
populiramulorum, populitransversus,
populivenae, [protospirae], [spyrothecae];
populimonilis; P.
beijingensis Thecabius
beijingensis P. ×berolinensis Chaetophorus leucomelas, populeti; Pachypappa
tremulae; Pemphigus borealis, bursarius, passeki, phenax, spyrothecae; Pterocomma
populeum, [tremulae]; Thecabius affinis P. bolleana = P. alba var.
pyramidalis P. bonatii = P. rotundifolia var. bonatii P.
×canadensis Chaitophorus
euphraticus, [frigidus], leucomelas, nassonowi,
populeti; Pachypappa
warshavensis; Pemphigus borealis, bursarius, dorocola, immunis, populi, populinigrae, protospirae,
spyrothecae; Phloeomyzus passerinii; Pterocomma populeum, tremulae; Thecabius
affinis P. candicans
= P. balsamifera P. canescens Grey
Poplar populialbae,
tremulae; roots? – see text); [Pachypappella
lactea (sexuparae)]; Pemphigus
bursarius; Phylloxerina populi; Pterocomma
populeum, rufipes P. caspica Chaitophorus populialbae; Pterocomma pilosum P. cathayana Chaitophorus leucomelas,
populeti, populialbae; Doraphis
populi; Epipemphigus imaicus, nanjingensis, niisimae, sanpupopuli, [yunnanensis]; Pachpappa aigeiros; Pemphigus borealis, bursarius, immunis,
iskanderkuli,
matsumurai, [populinigrae], sinobursarius,
tibetensis, zhongi;
Phloeomyzus
passerinii (ssp. zhangwuensis); Pterocomma [neimongolense], populeum, sanpunum; Thecabius
affinis, beijingensis, [populisuctus
Zhang & Zhong 1995 (sexuparae)] P.
charkowiensis Pemphigus bursarius, immunis, spyrothecae P. ciliata Bangikat Poplar
Chaitophorus [himalayensis], indicus, kapuri; Doraphis populi;
Epipemphigus imaicus, marginalis; [Ericolophium dubium]; [Lachnus longirostrum]; Pemphigus bursarius, dorocola, [ignotus], immunis, matsumurai, mordvilkoi, nainitalensis,
[napaeus], siphunculatus,
spyrothecae, [venosus]; Phloeomyzus
passerinii; [Pterocomma rufipes] P. davidiana [Chaitogenophorus yuzhongensis Zhang, Qiao & Chen]; Chaitophorus
dorocola, inouyei, leucomelas, populeti, populialbae, tremulae; Doraphis
populi; Pachypappa populi, tremulae; [Pachypappella
lactea]; Pemphigus circellatus; [Thecabius
populisuctus] P. deltoides ssp. deltoides Eastern Cottonwood [populialbae], populicola, populicola
ssp. patchae, populifolii, stevensis; Mordwilkoja vagabunda; Pachypappa pseudobyrsa; obesinymphae,
[populi],
populicaulis, [populinigrae],
populitransversus, populivenae, protospirae,
spyrothecae, tartareus; Phloeomyzus passerinii; Pterocomma populeum, smithiae, tremulae; Thecabius affinis, populiconduplifolius P. deltoides var. occidentalis Plains Cottonwood
populifolii, stevensis; Phylloxerina popularia, prolifera; P. deltoides var.
wislizeni Tuberolachnus salignus P. densa = P. talassica P. dilatata = P.
nigra var. italica P.
diversifolia =
P. euphratica P. eugenei
Phloeomyzus passerinii P. euphratica Chaitophorus [diversifolii], euphraticus, populeti, populialbae, populicola, pruinosae, [xinjiangalbus]; Lambersaphis pruinosa; Pachypappa warshavensis; Pterocomma populeum P. ×euramericana = P. ×canadensis P. fastigiata
= P. nigra var. italica P. fremontii Fremont Cottonwood Pachypappa ?pseudobyrsa; P. ×generosa [Pemphigus sp.]; Pterocomma dubium,
populeum P. ×gileadensis Chaitophorus leucomelas; [Pterocommma rufipes] P. gracilis Chaitophorus leucomelas, tremulae; Pemphigus
bursarius, populi, protospirae, spyrothecae, vesicarius; Pterocomma
populeum; Thecabius affinis P. grandidentata Bigtooth Aspen
stevensis;
P.
heterophylla Swamp Cottonwood
P. ×hybrida Pachypappa warshavensis P.
hickeliana = P. alba P. iliensis Pemphigus borealis P.
incrassata (?) Pterocomma populeum P.
komarovii Pterocomma yezoense; Thecabius affinis P. koreana [Aphis gossypii]; Chaitophorus dorocola, inouyei, leucomelas,
variegatus; Epipemphigus niisimae; Thecabius
(Parathecabius) latisensorius P.
lasiocarpa Phloeomyzus passerinii (ssp. zhangwuensis) P. laurifolia Chaitophorus leucomelas, populeti, populialbae, tremulae, tremulae ssp. sorini; laurifolia,
matsumurai, [microsetosus],
mongolicus, montanus,
plicatus, [populi], populinigrae, protospirae, [vesicarius], sp. near iskanderkuli;
Phloeomyzus passerinii; Pterocomma dubium, populeum, sanpunum; Thecabius affinis; Thecabius (Parathecabius) latisensorius P.
litwinowiana =
P. euphratica P. longifolia Chaitophorus populeti; Pemphigus borealis, bursarius P.
macropoda (?) Pemphigus populi P.
maximowiczii =
P. suaveolens P.
monilifera = P. deltoides var. occidentalis P. ×moskoviensis Pemphigus borealis P. nigra
(incl. var. italica) Black
Poplar, Lombardy Poplar longisetosus,
nassonowi, neglectus, populeti, populialbae,
populicola, pruinosae, [tremulae];
Epipemphigus
imaicus, marginalis; [Mordwilkoja vagabunda];
matsumurai, [mordvilkoi], napaeus, passeki, phenax, plicatus,
populi, populinigrae,
protospirae,
spyrothecae, vesicarius, Pemphigus sp. (Kazakhstan; Kadyrbekov, 2005b) ; bicolor,
[pilosum], populeum, [sinipopulifoliae], tremulae,
yezoense; P. nivea Thecabius affinis P.
occidentalis = P. deltoides var.
occidentalis P. × petrowskiana Pemphigus spyrothecae P. pilosa Pemphigus populi; Thecabius affinis P. pruinosa Chaitophorus populialbae, pruinosae; Lambersaphis pruinosa; Pachpappa
warshavensis P. pseudosimonii [Chaitophorus
nigripallidus Zhang, Qiao & Chen, in G. Zhang 1999]; [Epipemphigus
brachychaetus (Zhang & Qiao) in G. Zhang et al. 1995 (sexuparae)]; P. purdomii Chaitophorus [saliniger],
[wuduensis]; Pemphigus turritus, wuduensis; Phloeomyzus
passerinii (ssp. zhangwuensis); [Pterocomma neimongolense] P. pyramidalis = P. nigra var. italica P.
×rasumowskiana Pemphigus bursarius, ?populinigrae P. ×robusta = P. ×canadensis P. rotundifolia var. bonatii [Epipemphigus
yunnanensis] P. sargentii
= P. deltoides var. occidentalis P. ×sibirica Pemphigus borealis, bursarius, populinigrae,
protospirae P. sieboldii Chaitophorus dorocola, populeti, P. simonii Chaitophorus clarus, leucomelas, populeti, populialbae, Pemphigus borealis, bursarius, dorocola, immunis, matsumurai,
napaeus, sinobursarius; Phloeomyzus
passerinii, [passerinii ssp. zhangwuensis]; sanpunum, [sinipopulifoliae],
yezoense; Thecabius affinis P.
sosnowskyi =
P. nigra P. suaveolens Chaitophorus dorocola, inouyi, leucomelas, populeti, tremulae,
tremulae ssp. shantungensis; Doraphis
populi; Epipemphigus niisimae; Gootiella tremulae; Pachypappa marsupialis ssp. lambersi; [Pachypappella
orientalis Mordvilko ex Shaposhnikov 1955],
tremulae; [semenovi], microsetosus, [mongolicus],
[populinigrae], vesicarius;
Phloeomyzus passerinii; Pterocomma populeum, yezoense; P. tajikistanica Chaitophorus leucomelas,
populeti; (= P. afghanica var.
tajikistanica) Pemphigus bursarius, matsumurai, populi,
populinigrae,
protospirae, vesicarius; Phloeomyzus passerinii P. talassica Chaitophorus leucomelas;
Pachypappa shaposhnikovi; Pemphigus [birimatus], bursarius, immunis,
laurifolia,
matsumurai, populi, populinigrae, protospirae, spyrothecae; Phloeomyzus passerinii; Pterocomma
sanpunum; Thecabius
affinis, [luppovae]; Thecabius (Parathecabius) latisensorius P.
tianschanica Chaitophorus leucomelas; Pemphigus protospirae P.
tomentosa Chaitophorus populeti, populialbae, [populihabitans] P. tremula
(incl.
var. villosa) European Aspen
Chaitophorus leucomelas, longisetosus, nassonowi, populeti,
populialbae, tremulae, tremulae ssp. sorini;
Pachypappella lactea; Phloeomyzus
passerinii; Phylloxerina
populi; Pterocomma populeum,
tremulae; Stomaphis longirostris P. tremuloides Quaking Aspen
Pachypappa pseudobyrsa, rosettei, sacculi, [warshavensis]; tremulae
P. trichocarpa Black Cottonwood, Western Balsam Poplar
populiglobuli, populivenae, spyrothecae; P. tristis Pterocomma populeum P.
wislizeni = P. deltoides
var. wislizeni P. yunnanensis Chaitophorus leucomelas, [populiyunnanensis]; Doraphis
populi; [Epipemphigus yunnanensis]; Pemphigus
yangcola Populus
sp. (unidentified) Ceratoglyphina populisucta Zhang
& Zhong 1985 miyazakii, nodulosus, [tremulae ssp.
lanzhouensis]; Neopterocomma populivorum; [Pachypappa pilosa]; [Pachypappella
aliquipila]; similis; [Prociphilus populi Tao 1970]; lhasapopuleum KEY 1 - Aphids free-living on stems or leaves:- 1 Body
either aleyrodiform (dark, flattened, almost circular, with a complete,
crenulate margin of wax glands). Head of immature alata with a pair of
prominent frontal horns .....Doraphis populi - Body not aleyrodiform and head of
immature alata without a pair of frontal horns .....2 2 Body small, pear-shaped (broadest anteriorly), with
facetted wax pore plates on all tergites. Antennae 3-segmented .....Phylloxerina
spp. - Body not broadest anteriorly, without wax glands or
with wax glands on ABD TERG 7. Antennae 5- or 6-segmented .....3
3 Eyes with only 3 facets. ABD TERG 7 with a pair of
large wax pore plates. Antennae with spinules in a reticulate pattern .....Phloeomyzus
passerinii - Eyes multifacetted. Abdomen without wax glands.
Antennae not ornamented with a reticulate pattern of spinules .....4
4 Cauda tongue- or finger-like, tapering, much longer
than its basal width .....5 - Cauda knobbed, rounded or triangular .....7
5 Antennal tubercles undeveloped. SIPH and cauda
black. ANT III with 15-22 secondary rhinaria over distal 0.8 of length.
Tibiae with numerous long, fine hairs .....Aphis
maculatae - Antennal tubercles well developed. SIPH and cauda mainly
pale. ANT III with 1-9 secondary rhinaria on basal 0.4. Tibiae with short
hairs
.....6 6 Antennal
tubercles with inner faces approximately parallel (fig. 42J). ANT III with a single rhinarium near
base. SIPH without an apical zone of polygonal reticulation .....Aulacorthum solani - Antennal tubercles with inner faces clearly
divergent (fig. 42K). ANT III with 2-10 rhinaria. SIPH
with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation .....Macrosiphum euphorbiae 7 Very large aphid with ANT PT/BASE 0.6 or less. SIPH
pores placed on broad dark hairy cones .....8
- Small or large aphid with ANT PT/BASE clearly more than
0.6. SIPH truncate conical (with reticulate sculpturing) or tubular, or
merely pores, or absent
.....11 8 Rostrum much longer than body, which is elongate
oval. ANT PT/BASE about 0.1, with PT broad and rounded .....Stomaphis
longirostris - Rostrum much shorter than body, which is broadly
oval. ANT PT/BASE 0.3-0.5, with PT tapering .....9
9 Dorsal
abdomen with a large dark spinal tubercle. BL usually less than 5.5 mm .....Tuberolachnus
salignus - Dorsal abdomen without a tubercle. BL usually more
than 5.5 mm .....10
10 HT
II less than 2.2 × HT I. ANT III with longest hairs much longer than diameter
of segment .....Longistigma
caryae - HT II more than 2.2 × HT I. ANT III with longest
hairs shorter than diameter of segment 11 SIPH
in form of small truncate cones or short cylinders (usually at least 0.5 ×
basal width), with reticulate sculpturing at least
distally. Cauda knobbed or rounded .....12
- SIPH without reticulate sculpturing; either in form
of flat cones (less than 0.5 × basal width), or tubular, or pore-like, or
absent. Cauda rounded .....39
12 Hind tibia with 1-22 scattered small scent plaques
("pseudorhinaria"; fig. 82A) .....13 - Hind tibia of without any scent plaques (except in
oviparae) .....15
13 ANT PT/BASE 0.9-1.4. Cauda variable but often nearly
triangular, with a rounded apex and almost without any constriction (fig. 82B) .....Chaitophorus
nassonowi - ANT PT/BASE 1.9-3.1. Cauda always with a distinctly
knobbed apical part .....14
14 Antennal hairs with finely pointed apices. (Alata
with secondary rhinaria not in a row, distributed III 10-32, IV 0-8, V 0-2)
.....Chaitophorus
populeti - Antennal
hairs rather stiff, mostly with blunt or bifurcate apices. (Alata with
secondary rhinaria more-or-less in a row, distributed III 10-20, IV 0-4, V
0-1) .....Chaitophorus
populeti ssp. sensoriatus 15 Cauda rounded, without any trace of a constriction
(e.g. fig.82C)
.....16 - Cauda with a constriction delimiting an apical knob
(fig. 82D)
.....20 16 ABD
TERG 1-7 usually all free, with separate spino-pleural and marginal
sclerites. Tibiae with pale middle sections
.....Chaitophorus miyazaki* - ABD TERG 2-7 wholly sclerotised, fused into a solid
tergum. Tibiae wholly dark .....17
17 ABD TERG 2-7 each with only 3-5 spinal hairs (plus
marginals), the pleural regions being devoid of hairs .....Chaitophorus
nudus - ABD TERG 2-7 each with pleural as well as spinal and
marginal hairs .....18
18 Abdominal tergum evenly spinulose or nodulose .....Chaitophorus
nodulosus - Dorsal cuticle without evident spinules or nodules
.....19 19 Many
of dorsal abdominal hairs blunt or with square or furcate apices .....Chaitophorus
populicola - All dorsal abdominal hairs long, fine and acute .....Chaitophorus populicola ssp.
patchae 20 First
tarsal segments usually with 5 hairs (e.g. fig. 82E; rarely 6 or more on some tarsi) .....21 - First tarsal segments usually with 7 hairs (e.g.
fig. 82F; rarely 6 on some tarsi)
.....27 21 ABD
TERG 1-6 fused, wholly dark, distinctly ornamented with minute spinules, and
with numerous smaller pointed hairs between the very long spinal, pleural and
marginal hairs on each segment, which usually have pointed but sometimes
blunt or bifurcate apices (fig. 83A) .....Chaitophorus
longisetosus - Dorsal abdomen pale, or with separate dark segmental
bands; more-or-less smooth or ornamented with blunt nodules or spinules, or
polygonal reticulation
.....22 22 ANT
PT/BASE 1.5 or less (fundatrix has ANT PT/BASE 0.6-0.9) .....Chaitophorus
pruinosae - ANT PT/BASE 1.7 or more (1.3 or more in fundatrix)
.....23 23 R IV+V shorter than HT II, with 2 accessory hairs .....24 - R IV+V as long as or a little longer than HT II,
with 2-4 accessory hairs .....26
24 Spinopleural
hairs on ABD TERG 2-7 very short, maximally about 20 µm
.....Chaitophorus clarus - Spinopleural hairs long, maximally 100-150 µm
.....25 25 ABD TERG 2-6 with weakly spinulose ornamentation, and
long thick hairs maximally 150 µm. ANT III with 3-9 hairs, the longest
1.7-2.2 × basal diameter of segment - ABD
TERG 2-6 with weakly to strongly nodulose ornamentation, and thinner hairs up
to 120 µm long (fig. 83F). ANT III with 6-13 hairs, the longest
0.8-1.7 × basal diameter of segment .....Chaitophorus
euphraticus 26 ANT PT/BASE 3.3-4.2. SIPH dark .....Chaitophorus
melanosiphon - ANT PT/BASE 1.7-3.2. SIPH pale .....Chaitophorus
populialbae 27 Empodial hairs enlarged and flattened, with expanded
apices. Abdominal tergum pale, with long, pointed or spine-like spinal, pleural
and marginal hairs interspersed with smaller hairs, some of which are less
than half the length of the longest
.....28 - Empodial
hairs setaceous, if somewhat flattened then the abdominal tergum is dark
and/or the spinopleural hairs are often blunt or furcate and/or their
variation in size is much less .....30
28 ABD TERG 2-6 with smallest (accessory) hairs mainly
thick, spine-like, and very numerous (30-40 per segment; fig. 83B) .....Chaitophorus
inouyei - ABD
TERG 2-6 with accessory hairs finer and less numerous (less than 25 per
segment, e.g. fig. 83C) .....29
29 Longest hairs on ANT III 3.5-4.9 × basal diameter of
segment. ANT PT/BASE 3.5-4.5. ABD TERG 1-7 mostly smooth, without
ornamentation .....Chaitophorus
variegatus - Longest
hairs on ANT III 1.7-2.5 × basal diameter of segment. ANT PT/BASE 2.7-3.4.
ABD TERG 1-7 with weak squamous or nodulose ornamentation .....Chaitophorus indicus 30 ABD TERG 1 frequently fused with ABD TERG 2-6
(examine several specimens) .....31
- ABD TERG 1 almost always free from ABD TERG
2-6
.....37 31 R
IV+V 0.17-0.20 mm, 1.2-1.4 × HT II. Abdominal tergum smooth, bearing long
hairs with mostly bifurcate apices (fig. 83D) .....Chaitophorus
hillerislambersi - R IV+V 0.07-0.14 mm, 0.7-1.2 × HT II. Abdominal
tergum usually ornamented with spicules or nodules .....32
32 Dorsal ornamentation consisting of close, irregular
rows of posteriorly-directed, bluntish spinules, often united basally to form
partial transverse rows (fig. 83E) .....33 - Dorsal
ornamentation consisting of rather evenly distributed separate roundish
nodules (e.g. fig. 83G; sometimes weakly developed) .....35
33 Dorsum pale. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.4 .....Chaitophorus
tremulae ssp. sorini - Dorsum usually deeply pigmented, sometimes dark only
on head and ABD TERG 8. 34 Longest
hairs on ANT III 1.7-3.2 × basal diameter of segment .....Chaitophorus tremulae s. str. - Longest
hairs on ANT III with wavy, attenuate apices, 3.0-4.5 × basal diameter of segment .....Chaitophorus
tremulae ssp. shantungensis 35 Hairs on each of ABD TERG 1-7 very variable in size
and form, arranged more-or-less in a single row (fig. 83G;
sometimes with 1-2 smaller hairs out of line). ABD TERG 8 with 7-12 hairs.
(Alata with SIPH dark)
.....Chaitophorus stevensis - Hairs on each of ABD TERG 1-7 arranged in two
irregular rows, the anterior row consisting of smaller hairs, sometimes
absent in spinal region (fig. 83H).
ABD TERG 8 with usually more than 12 hairs .....36
36 Head
and ANT I-II often dark, and tergum often with a pair of dark longitudinal
pleural stripes. Most of long spinal and pleural hairs on ABD TERG 1-7 with
pointed or blunt apices, with a minority expanded or bifurcate apically (fig. 83H). (Alata with SIPH dark) .....Chaitophorus
neglectus - Head, ANT I-II and tergum usually pale. If with dark
pigmentation then there are rarely complete pleural stripes, and the long
spinal and pleural hairs on ABD TERG 1-7 mostly have expanded or bifurcate
apices. (Alata with SIPH pale) .....Chaitophorus
populifolii 37 ABD TERG 1-6 with largest spinal and pleural hairs
apically bifurcate or blunt, marginal hairs pointed. R IV+V 0.7-0.8 × HT II
(tentative characters for aptera, which has not been seen by authors) .....Chaitophorus
dorocola - ABD TERG 1-6 with largest spinal and pleural hairs
usually pointed. R IV+V 0.8-1.2 × HT II .....38
38 Dorsal cuticle mainly dark, leaving a narrow pale
spinal stripe .....Chaitophorus
kapuri - Dorsal cuticle either pale or with dark pleural
stripes leaving broad pale spinal and marginal areas .....Chaitophorus
leucomelas 39 SIPH as pores or small flat cones, or absent .....40
- SIPH tubular, longer than basal width, often swollen .....44
40 ANT PT/BASE less than 1.0; PT without hairs except
those at apex. SIPH as small cones or craters .....41
- ANT PT/BASE more than 1.0; PT bearing hairs along
length. R IV with 6-17 accessory hairs. SIPH pore-like or absent .....42
41 Body sparsely hairy, without spinal or marginal
tubercles. R IV with 4-6 accessory hairs - Body densely hairy, with numerous spinal and
marginal tubercles. R IV with 22-26 accessory hairs .....Neopterocomma
populivorum 42 Body densely covered in fine hairs. ANT PT/BASE less
than 1.5. Well-developed marginal tubercles on ABD TERG 2-7. SIPH absent .....Fullawaya
ontarioensis - Body hairs sparse, especially dorsally. ANT PT/BASE
more than 1.5. Marginal abdominal tubercles absent. SIPH as pores .....43
43 ABD TERG 1-6 all fused together and fully pigmented.
Body hairs not spine-like - ABD TERG 1-6 not or hardly pigmented, or with only
narrow transverse intersegmental bars. Body hairs spine-like .....Pseudopterocomma
hughi 44 SIPH
of most specimens vasiform (swollen on basal half; fig. 84A)
.....Pterocomma
smithiae - SIPH either almost cylindrical or swollen
distally
.....45 45 ANT
II with 8-12 hairs. ANT III (aptera) with 4-79 secondary rhinaria, and ANT IV
with 0-9 .....Pterocomma
tremulae - ANT
II with 4-6 hairs. ANT III with 0-26 secondary rhinaria, ANT IV never with
any .....46 46 ANT VI BASE with 4-10 long fine hairs (plus 0-3
short ones)
.....47 - ANT VI BASE with 1-3 long fine hairs (plus 2-6 short
ones)
.....52 47 ANT III (aptera) with 14-26 secondary rhinaria .....Pterocomma
kozhuchovae - ANT III (aptera) without secondary rhinaria (or with
only 1) .....48 48 Longest
hairs on ANT III 50-70 µm, on hind tibia 60-80 µm. ABD TERG 1-7 without markings or with only
lightly pigmented patches on 6-7 plus scattered small sclerites on 1-5 .....Pterocomma
pseudopopuleum - Longest hairs on ANT III 100-160 µm, on hind tibia
100-200 µm. Dorsal abdomen with paired dark sclerites or cross-bands at least
on ABD TERG 6 and 7 and often with paired sclerites on more anterior tergites …..49 49 SIPH distinctly clavate,
and more than 2 × HT II. ABD TERG 1-5 with only scattered small
sclerites .....Pterocomma
alpinum* - SIPH with hardly any
swelling, almost cylindrical, and 1.1-1.7 ×
HT II. ABD TERG 1-7 each often with a pair of large dark quadrate patches (sometimes
reduced or absent on 1-3, 1-4 or 1-5) .....50 50 Marginal tubercles absent.
ANT VI BASE with 4-8 hairs …..Pterocomma dubium - Well-developed marginal
tubercles usually present on ABD TERG 1-6(-7). ANT VI BASE with 5-13 hairs …..51 51 ABD TERG 5 with a pair of large quadrate dark
patches like those on ABD TERG 6 …..Pterocomma populeum - ABD TERG 5 without a pair
of large dark quadrate patches …..Pterocomma
bhutanense* 52 ANT PT/BASE of most specimens less than 1.4 (N.B.
not applicable to fundatrices) .....53
- ANT PT/BASE usually more than 1.4 .....54
53 ANT
I with 13-17 hairs. Cauda with 49-55 hairs, anal plate with 85-98 hairs. SIPH cylindrical .....Pterocomma
sanpunum - ANT I with 8-13 hairs. Cauda with 24-38 hairs, anal
plate with 25-64 hairs. SIPH usually swollen on distal half .....Pterocomma
yezoense 54 Cauda with more than 50 hairs .....Pterocomma
lhasapopuleum* - Cauda with 20-36 hairs .....55
55 ABD TERG 1 with a single pair of large sclerites, or
a band interrupted in mid-line - ABD TERG 1 at most with scattered or paired groups
of smaller sclerites
.....56 56 ANT
III (aptera) with 0 (rarely) - 25 secondary rhinaria. ANT PT 0.15-0.28 mm.
(Alata with 35-50 secondary rhinaria on ANT III and 0-7 on IV) .....Pterocomma
populifoliae - ANT III without rhinaria. ANT PT 0.22-0.36 mm.
(Alata with 12-26 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 0-2 on IV) .....57
57 SIPH usually almost cylindrical (fig. 84C),
0.21-0.28 mm long, 0.8-1.0 × PT. Cauda almost black, usually clearly darker
than anal plate
.....Pterocomma beulahensis - SIPH usually distinctly swollen (e.g. fig. 84B), 0.29-0.50 mm long, 1.1-1.6 × PT.
Cauda brown, concolorous with anal plate .....58 58 Well-developed marginal
tubercles (MTu) usually present on ABD TERG 1-6(-7). Longest hairs on ANT III
are 85-115 μm, 2.2-3.3 × BD III …..Pterocomma bicolor - MTu absent.
Longest hairs on ANT III are 137-156 μm, 3.4-3.8 × BD III …..Pterocomma atuberculatum* KEY 2 - Aphids forming galls or pseudogalls (e.g.
"leaf nests") on poplars:-
The main key below can be applied only to adult
alatae produced in galls or pseudogalls on Populus. Usually alatae are
produced in large numbers in galls in late spring or early summer to fly to
secondary host plants. These alatae are variously termed spring migrants,
emigrants, alate fundatrigeniae or fundatrispuriae. A few species (Cornaphis
populi and 4 species of Pemphigus) are monoecious (without host
alternation). In these the galls mature in late summer/autumn and contain
numerous alate sexuparae, easily recognised in cleared microscope
preparations by the absence of mouthparts from their embryos. The key
includes the sexuparae of these species, as they are produced within the
galls, but not the sexuparae of heteroecious species, as these are produced
on the secondary host. Separation of the species of Pemphigus is difficult, and that part of the
key is rather tentative. However, many specimens are usually available from
each gall, so that individual variation in the sample can be assessed, and
tentative identifications can be checked against the descriptions of galls in
the systematic section of the book. Most Pemphigus appear to be less
specific in their choice of Populus species as primary host than in
their secondary host plant associations. It is likely that there are many
still unrecognised species, as well as synonymies among the names in current
use. Sometimes aphids that are not gall formers may be
found in old galls. Phylloxerina populariae, for example, regularly
inhabits old galls of Thecabius populiconduplifolius. In three species of Pemphiginae, Clydesmithia
canadensis, Gootiella alba and Pemphigus siphunculatus, no
alatae have been found even in apparently mature galls. The complete life
cycle of these species is not yet known. The apterae (apterous
fundatrigeniae, not fundatrices) from the galls key as follows:- 1 Abdomen without wax glands .....Clydesmithia
canadensis - Abdomen with large wax glands .....2
2 BL
3.3-4.3 mm. Legs pale. HT II short and thick, less than twice as long as
claws .....Gootiella alba - BL
1.9-3.4 mm. Legs dark. HT II normal, more than twice as long as claws Key to alatae from galls:- 1 Forewing
with media usually once-branched. If unbranched then there are 3-8 secondary
rhinaria on ANT III, 1-3 on IV, 0-2 on V and 0 on VI BASE and R IV+V
is more than 0.6 × HT
II
.....2 - Forewing with media unbranched. Antenna with more rhinaria,
and/or R IV+V less than 0.6 × HT II .....14
2 Primary
rhinaria on ANT V and VI enlarged and of irregular shape (fig. 85A); that on VI elongate, more than 50 µm
long. Embryos with enlarged claws on hind legs .....Gootiella
tremulae - Primary rhinaria on ANT V and VI rounded or oval,
that on VI not longer than wide. Hind legs of embryos with normal claws .....3
3 SIPH pores very large, with diameter much greater
than that of hind tibia at midpoint, and with a completely pigmented rim (fig. 85B) .....Pachypappella lactea - SIPH pores absent or small and inconspicuous, with
diameter less than that of hind tibia at midpoint, and with pigmented rim
partial (e.g. fig. 85C) or absent
.....4 4 ABD
TERG 8 with a single large wax pore plate foming a broad band across the
tergite .....Pachypappa
aigeiros* - ABD TERG 8 with wax pore plates either paired or
absent, or with only small groups of facets .....5 5 BL c.5mm .....Pachypappa
shaposhnikovi - BL less than 4.5 mm .....6
6 Membrane
of forewing with hairs (fig. 85D). Genital plate with more than 10
hairs on anterior half. ABD TERG 8 usually without wax pore plates, or with
only small groups of facets .....7 - Membrane of forewing without hairs. Genital plate
with 6-12 hairs on anterior half. ABD TERG 8 usually with a pair of
well-developed wax pore plates
.....9 7 ABD
TERG 1-7 with well-defined marginal wax pore plates. (SIPH pores present,
Cauda with 15-30 hairs, and secondary rhinaria on ANT III 10-11, on IV 2-4) .....Pachypappa vesicalis - ABD TERG 1-7 without marginal wax pore plates or if
present they are ill-defined .....8
8 Cauda with more than 40 hairs. SIPH pores present.
Secondary rhinaria on ANT III 8-13, on IV 2-4 .....Pachypappa
populi - Cauda
with less than 30 hairs. SIPH pores absent. Secondary rhinaria on ANT III
5-10, on IV 0-3 .....Pachypappa
sacculi 9 R IV+V 0.60-0.75 × HT II. Media sometimes unbranched .....10
- R IV+V 0.45-0.55 × HT II. Media always once-branched
.....11 10 ANT PT/BASE 0.08-0.11. ANT III with 4-6 secondary
rhinaria with thick sclerotic rims, often confined to distal half of segment
(fig. 85E)
.....Pachypappa warshavensis - ANT PT/BASE 0.17-0.21. ANT III with 5-8 secondary
rhinaria with narrow sclerotic rims, extending onto proximal half of segment
(fig. 85F) .....Pachypappa
pseudobyrsa 11 ABD TERG 8 with 14-25 hairs. Cauda with only 3-6
hairs
.....12 - ABD TERG 8 with 5-11 hairs. Cauda with 8-25
hairs
.....13 12 R IV+V without accessory hairs .....Pachypappa
marsupialis s. str. - R IV+V with 2-4 accessory hairs .....Pachypappa
marsupialis ssp. lambersi 13 R IV+V usually without any accessory hairs. ANT II
with 9-14 hairs .....Pachypappa
tremulae - R IV+V with usually 1-4 accessory hairs. ANT II with
5-11 hairs .....Pachypappa
rosettei 14 ANT
PT/BASE greater than 1, with PT bearing 2-3 clear spots, each with a small, dagger-like stipule (fig. 85H) .....Mordwilkoja
vagabunda - ANT PT/BASE less than 1 .....15
15 Head
with median ocellus mounted on a distinct frontal prominence (fig. 85G). (Secondary rhinaria small and oval;
on ANT III 3-5, on IV 0-2 near apex. Embryos without mouthparts) .....Cornaphis
populi - Head with median ocellus not mounted
on a distinct frontal prominence. (Sensoriation of antennae not as above,
embryos with or without mouthparts)
.....16 16 Secondary rhinaria with ciliated (or
"dotted") rims
.....17 - Secondary rhinaria without ciliated rims .....22
17 ANT III and IV each with a single subapical
secondary rhinarium, like the primary rhinaria on V and VI .....Neopemphigus
turajevi - ANT III with 4 or more secondary rhinaria, IV with 2
or more and V with 0-1 .....18 18 Secondary rhinaria broadly oval, almost
circular. ANT PT finger-like, ANT PT/BASE more than 0.4, with PT bearing 4
apical hairs .....Epipemphigus nanjingensis* - Secondary rhinaria
narrowly and transversely elongate. PT/BASE less than 0.35, and PT bearing 5
or more hairs .....19 19 SIPH present as small
pores with partly sclerotised, dark semi-circular rims .....20 - SIPH pores absent, or
hardly discernible because they lack partly sclerotised rims .....21 20 ANT PT about
as wide as basal articulation of VI, and bearing 5 hairs near apex (fig. 85I) .....Epipemphigus
niisimae - ANT PT greatly enlarged, much broader than basal
articulation of VI, bearing c. 20-30 hairs (fig. 85J) …..Epipemphigus sanpupopuli 21 ABD TERG 7 with 4
hairs. Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 2.3-3.0 ×
basal diameter of ANT III, and longest hair on ANT III 0.6-0.8 × its basal
diameter. ANT III equal to or slightly longer than ANT IV+V together .....
Epipemphigus imaicus - ABD TERG 7 with 8-13 hairs. Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is
1.0-1.5 × basal diameter of ANT III, and longest hair on ANT III
0.4-0.5 × its basal diameter. ANT III 0.7-0.9 × longer than ANT IV+V together .....Epipemphigus
marginalis* 22 Secondary rhinaria broad and strap-like, often
almost encircling antenna and with gaps in between rhinaria mostly much
narrower than the rhinaria themselves, so that more than 50% of total surface
area of antenna is sensoriated (e.g. fig. 86A) .....23
- Secondary rhinaria narrower (e.g. fig. 86B) or, if
they are broader than gaps in between them (e.g. fig. 86C), then they do not
almost completely encircle antenna (thus always leaving more than 50% of
total surface area of antenna unsensoriated) .....25
23 ANT BASE VI usually without secondary rhinaria. (ANT
III with 15-26, IV with 8-11, V with 9-11, VI with 0-1) .....Thecabius
(Parathecabius) gravicornis - ANT BASE VI with 6-14 secondary rhinaria
.....24 24 Secondary rhinaria on ANT III 20-41 (fig. 86A), IV 10-13, V 10-14, BASE VI 9-14 - Secondary rhinaria on ANT III 13-21, IV 4-10, V 5-9
and BASE VI 6-12 25 R
IV with usually 1-6 small accessory hairs (rarely with none) and first
tarsal segments with 2-6 hairs (usually at least 3 on most tarsi). Secondary
rhinaria very narrow, slit-like (fig. 86B), with 0-10 (rarely less than 3) on
ANT BASE VI .....26 - R
IV usually without accessory hairs, sometimes with 1-4 (but one of the 3
apical pairs is sometimes displaced to a more proximal position). First
tarsal segments usually with 3 hairs on fore tarsus and 2 hairs on mid and
hind tarsi. If more, then ANT BASE VI is without secondary
rhinaria .....27 26 Secondary rhinaria
distributed ANT III 15-30, IV 4-9, V 4-11, BASE VI (0-)2-7(-9) …..Thecabius affinis/populiconduplifolius - Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 22-31, IV 8-10, V 10-12, BASE VI
7-10 …..Thecabius beijingensis* 27 SIPH pores absent and embryos with mouthparts
(the curled stylets are especially evident through wall of abdomen) .....28 - Either
SIPH present as small pores or embryos without mouthparts .....34 28 R IV+V broadly triangular, less than 2× its basal
width. (Secondary rhinaria on ANT III 5-19, IV 3-7, V 3-4) .....Thecabius
populimonilis (fundatrigeniae) - R IV+V acute, more than 2× its basal width .....29 29 Secondary rhinaria present on ANT VI. (On III 10-18,
IV 4-7, V 3-7, BASE VI 3-7) - Secondary rhinaria absent from ANT BASE VI .....30
30 Secondary rhinaria strap-like (e.g. fig. 86C), many of them extending more than
half way around antenna. ABD TERG 8 with one large wax pore plate extending
about half way or more across tergite, and including (2-)4 hairs .....31 - Secondary
rhinaria either elongate oval or narrowly transverse, not extending more than
half way around antenna. ABD TERG 8 either with a pair of wax pore plates or
a single median wax pore plate, including only 2 hairs .....32
31 Secondary rhinaria distributed III 8-13, IV 2-5, V
2-5. R IV without accessory hairs .....Pemphigus
matsumurai - Secondary rhinaria distributed III 13-19, IV 6-8,
V 6-9. R IV with 0-4 (-6?) accessory hairs .....Pemphigus
zhongi* 32 Secondary
rhinaria narrowly transverse, parallel-sided, with about 6 on ANT V (III
c.12, IV c.6, V c.6) …..Pemphigus
turritus* - Secondary rhinaria oval or elongate oval, not
parallel-sided, with 0-2 on ANT V …..33 33 First tarsal segments almost always with 2 hairs,
rarely with 3. HT II 0.17-0.21 mm long. - First tarsal segments usually with 3-4 hairs on at
least some tarsi. HT II 0.20-0.25 mm long. Secondary rhinaria on ANT III
6-11, IV 1-4, V 0-2 .....Pemphigus
vesicarius 34 Embryos without mouthparts. Secondary rhinaria
always absent from ANT V and VI. SIPH pores absent. (Sexuparae of monoecious
species, produced in the gall) .....35
- Embryos with mouthparts. Secondary rhinaria often
present on ANT V, or V and VI. SIPH present as small pores .....38
35 First
tarsal segments usually all with 3-5 hairs, rarely with only 2, Spinal wax
pore plates often
present on all abdominal tergites .....36
- First tarsal segments most commonly with 3 (-4)
hairs on fore tarsus and 2 (-3) hairs on mid and hind tarsi. Spinal wax pore
plates usually absent from ABD TERG 4-7. (Secondary rhinaria distributed III
3-6, IV 1-3) .....37 36 R IV+V about 0.08 mm long, slightly shorter than ANT
V. Secondary rhinaria on ANT III 4-7, on IV 1-4 .....Thecabius
populimonilis - R IV+V 0.09-0.11 mm long, as long as or slightly
longer than ANT V. Secondary rhinaria on ANT III 6-10, on IV 2-5 .....Pemphigus
mongolicus 37 R IV+V usually without accessory hairs. Cauda with
4-6 hairs .....Pemphigus
monophagus - R IV+V usually with 1-4 accessory hairs, rarely with
none. Cauda with 2-4 hairs 38 ANT BASE VI usually without secondary rhinaria
(rarely with 1, in which case there are usually none on V)
.....39 - ANT
BASE VI usually with 2 or more secondary rhinaria (rarely with 1, in which
case there is usually 1 or more on V) .....46
39 ANT VI with an enlarged primary rhinarium, with
islands, like that on V .....40
- ANT VI with primary rhinarium of normal size, not
longer than wide .....42 40 ANT VI with primary rhinarium 0.07-0.10 mm long,
occupying more than half of length of BASE VI (fig. 87E), or with a separate secondary
rhinarium immediately adjacent to it. Secondary rhinaria on III 3-9, IV 1-3,
V 0(-1) and BASE VI 0(-1) .....Pemphigus
knowltoni - ANT
VI with primary rhinarium less than 0.05-0.08 mm long, occupying less than
half of length of BASE VI (fig. 87F). Secondary rhinaria on III 2-7, IV 0-1,
V 0(-1), BASE VI 0 .....41 41 Embryos within emigrant alatae have tip of rostrum
extending beyond first segment of fore tarsi .....Pemphigus obesinymphae - Embryos within emigrant
alatae have tip of rostrum not extending beyond first segment of fore tarsi .....Pemphigus populitransversus 42 ANT V with primary rhinarium very large, more than
0.04 mm long and more than half encircling segment, often with small round
islands (fig. 87G). (Secondary rhinaria on III 7-9, IV
2-4, V 0-1, BASE VI 0) .....Pemphigus
immunis - ANT V with primary rhinarium either like that on VI
or, if enlarged, broader than its axial length which is less than 0.03 mm .....43 43 R IV with a pair of accessory hairs. First tarsal
segments, at least of fore tarsi, with 5 (?) hairs .....Pemphigus
wuduensis* - R IV without accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with
3-4 hairs .....44 44 First tarsal segments with two spine-like hairs
between the 2 long apical hairs. ABD TERG 8 usually without a wax pore plate.
ANT PT more than 2× its basal width. (Secondary rhinaria on III 10-14, IV
2-3, V 0-1, BASE VI 0) .....Pemphigus
microsetosus - First tarsal segments with 0-1 spine-like hairs
between the two long apical hairs. ABD TERG 8 usually with wax pore plates.
ANT PT less than 2× its basal width .....45
45 R IV+V about 0.1 mm, more than 0.55 × HT II.
Rhinaria on ANT III 9-13, IV 3-6, V 0-1, - R IV+V 0.07-0.085 mm, less than 0.55 × HT II.
Rhinaria on ANT III 5-11, IV 1-4, V 0-3, BASE VI 0(-1) .....Pemphigus
betae 46 Total antennal length 0.9 mm or more, about
0.5 × BL .....47
- Total antennal length less than 0.9 mm, less than
0.45 × BL .....48
47 Secondary rhinaria on ANT III 19-27, on IV 6-7, V
9-12, VI BASE 10-12 - Secondary rhinaria on ANT III 15, IV 4, V 4, VI 5
(one specimen only) 48 R IV+V 0.10-0.12 mm long, usually more than 0.55 ×
HT II, with R IV straight-sided (fig. 87A) .....49 - R
IV+V 0.07-0.11 mm long, usually less than 0.55 × HT II, with R IV having
sides slightly convex (fig. 87B) .....50 49 Secondary
rhinaria narrow, slit-like, averaging 8 µm or less in width, extending almost
to base of ANT III, with most proximal rhinarium usually basad to the small tooth
on inner side of III near base (fig. 87C); III 12-18, IV 3-7, V 4-7, VI BASE
4-7 .....Pemphigus populinigrae - Secondary
rhinaria broader, averaging more than 10 µm in width, with most proximal
rhinarium on ANT III distal to tooth (fig. 87D); III 9-14, IV 2-5, V 2-4, VI
BASE 2-8 .....Pemphigus protospirae 50 Primary
rhinarium on ANT V usually much enlarged, its axial length 35 µm or more,
with small islands (fig. 87H). Secondary rhinaria on ANT III 6-12,
IV 2-3, V 0-3, VI BASE 2-5 .....Pemphigus phenax - If
primary rhinarium of ANT V is enlarged then its axial length is less than 35
µm and the antennal sensoriation is different .....51
51 Total
number of secondary rhinaria on ANT V + VI BASE (both antennae) 24 or
more .....52 - Total
number of secondary rhinaria on ANT V + VI BASE (both antennae) 23 or
less .....55 52 ANT VI BASE slightly shorter than HT II. (Secondary
rhinaria on ANT III 11-19, IV 4-8, - ANT VI BASE slightly longer than HT II .....53
53 ABD
TERG 8 with 2-3 hairs. (Secondary rhinaria on III 13-19, IV 4-5, V 6-9, VI
BASE 6-10) .....Pemphigus
borealis - ABD TERG 8 usually with 3-5 hairs .....54
54 Secondary rhinaria on III 9-16, on IV 3-6, V 3-8, VI
BASE 5-11 .....Pemphigus
nortonii - Secondary rhinaria on III 16-20, on IV 4-5, V 5-6,
VI BASE 5-9 .....Pemphigus
yangcola 55 ANT III shorter than ANT IV + V together in most
specimens .....56 - ANT III usually about the same length as, or longer
than, ANT IV + V together .....57
56 ANT PT finger-like, 2 or more × its basal width. R IV+V
0.09-0.10 mm long. Secondary rhinaria on ANT III 8-12, on IV 3-4, V 1-4, VI
BASE 3-5 .....Pemphigus
plicatus - ANT PT stubby, less than 1.5 × its basal width. R
IV+V 0.07-0.09 mm long. Secondary rhinaria on ANT III 7-12, IV 3-6, V 1-4, VI
BASE 1-7 .....Pemphigus
gairi 57 ANT III 0.22-0.38 mm, but if less than 0.23 mm
(small bursarius) then ANT PT is short and stubby, less than 1.5 × its
basal width .....58
- ANT III 0.15-0.25 mm, but if more than 0.22 mm then
ANT PT is more than 1.5 × its basal width .....63
58 Primary rhinarium on ANT VI much larger than
adjacent secondary rhinaria and forming a broad band that extends over half
way around antenna (fig. 87I) .....59
- Primary
rhinarium on ANT VI normal or irregular in shape but not extending more than half way around antenna .....61
59 ANT VI BASE with 6-8 secondary rhinaria. (III 12-16,
IV 3-5, V 4-6, VI BASE 6-8) - ANT VI BASE with 3-6 secondary rhinaria .....60
60 ANT
PT 0.03-0.04 mm. (Secondary rhinaria on III 10-15, IV 4-5, V 2-4, VI BASE
3-5) .....Pemphigus tartareus* - ANT
PT 0.02-0.03 mm. (Secondary rhinaria on III 12-16, IV 4-6, V 3-5, VI BASE
3-6) .....Pemphigus dorocola* 61 Tooth
on inner side of ANT III often very close to base of segment, usually without
a rhinarium basad to it (fig. 87J). (Secondary rhinaria on III 8-13, IV
2-5, V 2-5, VI BASE 3-7) .....Pemphigus
populicaulis - Tooth on inner side of ANT III almost always with
1-2 secondary rhinaria basad to it .....62 62 Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 8-17, IV 2-8,
V 2-6, VI BASE 3-8. PT usually less than 1.5 × basal width .....Pemphigus
bursarius - Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III
9-13, IV 3-5, V 3-5, VI BASE 3-5. PT usually more than 1.5 × basal width .....Pemphigus
mordvilkoi 63 Tooth on inner side of ANT III usually more than
0.07 mm from base of segment, with always 1, and sometimes 2-3, secondary
rhinaria basad to it (fig. 87K). (Secondary rhinaria on III 9-12, IV
2-4, V 2-4, VI BASE 3-5) .....Pemphigus
laurifoliae - Tooth on inner side of ANT III usually less than
0.06 mm from base of segment, with 0-1 64 BL
2.1-2.5 mm. ANT V 0.8-1.0 × ANT IV, and more often than not also bearing
fewer 9-11, IV 0-5, V 0-4, VI 0-5) .....Pemphigus
populiramulorum - BL 1.1-2.3 mm.(only P. populiglobuli more
than 2.0 mm). ANT V 1.0-1.2 × ANT IV, and usually with at least as many
rhinaria as IV .....65 65 ANT PT short, maximally c.0.03 mm and usually less
than 1.5 × its basal width. Tooth on - ANT PT usually longer than 0.03 mm and more than 1.5
× its basal width. Tooth on ANT III often with a rhinarium basad to it .....66
66 Secondary
rhinaria distributed III 5-13, IV 2-4, V 0-4, VI BASE 1-7 .....Pemphigus populiglobuli - Secondary rhinaria distributed III 7-12, IV
1-5, V 2-5, VI BASE 3-7 Portulaca Portulacaceae Portulaca clavatus (?) Neotoxoptera oliveri P. grandiflora Aphis
craccivora, fabae, gossypii; Neotoxoptera oliveri; Smynthurodes betae P. oleracea Aphis
albella, craccivora, fabae, frangulae, gossypii, nasturtii, [portulacae Shinji (nomen dubium)], spiraecola,
[triglochinis], [varians
of Pashchenko 1988a)]; Aulacorthum solani; Brachyunguis harmalae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus certus, ornatus, persicae, [portulacae
Macchiati (nomen dubium)], [Myzus sp. (Ossiannilsson 1964)]; Pemphigus sp.; Protaphis middletonii; Smynthurodes betae P. quadrifida Aphis
gossypii Key to apterae on Portulaca:- 1 ANT tubercles undeveloped
or weakly developed …..2 - ANT tubercles well
developed …..5 2 ANT PT/BASE 0.5-0.9. SIPH about as long as their basal widths, 0.2-0.6
× cauda …..Brachycaudus harmalae - ANT PT/BASE either less than
0.5 or more than 1.5. SIPH if present at all then more than 0.8 × cauda …..3 3 ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu) and SIPH pale, or only dusky at apices …..4 - Without that combination
of characters, i.e. if ABD TERG 1 and 7 have MTu then wholly dark SIPH are
present …..go to key to
polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24 4 SIPH 2.2-2.9 × cauda …..Aphis albella* - SIPH 0.9-1.6 × cauda …..Aphis nasturtii 5 Head smooth, with inner
faces of ANT tubercles divergent. SIPH with polygonal reticulation on distal
0.1-0.2 of length …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae - Head spiculose, with
inner faces of ANT tubercles parallel or apically convergent. SIPH without polygonal
reticulation …..6 6 SIPH tapering/cylindrical …..7 - SIPH slightly to
moderately clavate …..8 7 BL
1.0-1.7 mm. ANT III without rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.8. Dorsal abdomen
with a pattern of dark intersegmantal markings. SIPH coarsely imbricated, and
with a slight S-curve …..Myzus ornatus - BL 1.8-3.0 mm. ANT III usually with 1-2 rhinaria near base. ANT
PT/BASE 4.0-5.5. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings. SIPH with normal
imbrication, not curved …..Aulacorthum solani 8 SIPH 0.12-0.17 × BL. R IV+V 1.2-1.5 × HT II. (Al. with dark-bordered
wing veins) …..Neotoxoptera oliveri - SIPH 0.18-0.28 × BL. R IV+V 0.9-1.2 × HT II. (Al. with wing veins not
dark-bordered) …..9 9 R IV+V in most specimens with only one pair of lateral accessory hairs
(plus 0-3 ventral accessory hairs). Value of function CAUDA/(ANT III × PT) in
range 0.80-1.52, but rarely more than 1.25 except in small specimens (those
with ANT III less than 0.32 mm) …..Myzus persicae - R IV+V in most specimens with two pairs of lateral accessory hairs.
Value of function CAUDA/(ANT III × PT) in range 1.2-2.7 (rarely less than
1.25) …..Myzus certus Portulacaria Portulacaceae Portulacaria
afra Myzus persicae Potalia Gentianaceae Potalia sp(p). Aphis gossypii, odinae; Myzus ornatus, persicae; [Rhopalosiphum maidis] Use
key to polyphagous
aphids. Potamogeton Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton crispus Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae P. fluitans Rhopalosiphum
nymphaeae P. natans Aphis
gossypii, nasturtii; Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae P. richardi Rhopalosiphum
nymphaeae Use
key to apterae on Nymphaea. Potentilla (including Callionia, Rosaceae Dasiphora, Drymocallis) Potentilla acaulis Aphis mongolica, tormentillae; Macropodaphis paradoxa P. alchimilloides [Acyrthosiphon pisum]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae P. alpestris = P. crantzii P. anglica Acyrthosiphon boreale,
malvae P. anserina Acyrthosiphon
boreale, malvae; Anthracosiphon hertae; Aphis craccivora, nasturtii, roepkei,
subviridis, tormentillae; Aulacorthum solani; Chaetosiphon alpestre, alpestre ssp. orientale, fragaefolii,
potentillae; Longicaudus trirhodus; Macrosiphum euphorbiae, potentillae; Myzaphis rosarum; Maculolachnus submacula; Myzus ascalonicus, persicae; Nearctaphis
argentinaeradicis; Pemphigus ?populi; Rhopalosiphoninus [heikinheimoi], latysiphon P. argentea Acyrthosiphon
boreale, malvae ssp. potha; Aphis
potentillae, roepkei, subviridis, tormentillae, Aphis sp.
(Sweden, BMNH collection); Aulacorthum solani; Chaetosiphon alpestre; Macrosiphum
rosae; Maculolachnus
submacula; Sitobion
fragariae P. arguta (= Drymocallis arguta) Nasonovia williamsi P. argyrophylla Macrosiphum
pachysiphon; Metopolophium
dirhodum P. asiatica = P. chrysantha P. atrosanguinea Aulacorthum
solani; Brachycaudus
helichrysi; Macrosiphum euphorbiae, pachysiphon P. aurea Acyrthosiphon boreale P. bakeri Macrosiphum valerianae P. bifurca = Sibbaldianthe.
bifurca Aphis comari,
potentillae, tianschanica, tormentillae;
Chaetosiphon alpestre ssp. orientale; Macropodaphis rechingeri; P. blaschkeana Acyrthosiphon boreale; Macrosiphum euphorbiae P. canadensis Anthracosiphon crystleae; Aulacorthum solani; (= Callionia canadensis) Macrosiphum
euphorbiae P. canescens = P.inclinata P. caucasica Chaetosiphon
alpestre P. caulescens Chaetosiphon
alpinum; Myzus
ornatus P. chinensis Aphis
mongolica, potentillae, roepkei; Neotoxoptera oliveri, [violae] P. chrysantha Acyrthosiphon boreale; Aulacorthum solani; [Brachycaudus
cerasicola]; Chaetosiphon alpestre; Macropodaphis alexandri; Macrosiphum rosae P. cinerea Aphis breviseta; Chaetosiphon alpestre P. clusiana Chaetosiphon alpinum P. collina Acyrthosiphon boreale; Chaetosiphon alpestre; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus P. crantzii (incl. alpestris) Acyrthosiphon boreale, malvae;
Aphis breviseta; Aulacorthum solani; Chaetosiphon alpestre,
alpinum, potentillae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus P. crinita Aulacorthum
solani P. cryptotaeniae Aphis frangulae P. dealbata = P. virgata P. desertorum Acyrthosiphon malvae P. dickinsii Aphis
potentillae P. doerfleri [Chaetosiphon sp. (Serbia;
Petrović 1998)] P. erecta (incl. tormentilla) Acyrthosiphon boreale,
malvae; Aphis
tormentillae; Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus
ascalonicus; [Sitobion
avenae] P. farreri ? Macrosiphum euphorbiae P. fruticosa Acyrthosiphon assiniboinensis, [ignotum], malvae ssp. pentaphylloides, malvae ssp. rogersii, scalare, wasintae; Aphis dasiphorae, fabae, spiraecola; Aspidophorodon vera; Chaetosiphon alpestre; Macropodaphis primigenius; Macrosiphum euphorbiae, rosae; Metopolophium
dirhodum; Myzaphis rosarum; Myzus ornatus; [Ossiannilsonia oelandica]; Richardsaphis canadensis; Sitobion
fragariae P. fusca Chaetosiphon
fragaefolii (?) P. gelida = P. crantzii P. glandulosa Acyrthosiphon vandenboschi; Chaetosiphon hottesi; (= Drymocallis glandulosa) Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Nasonovia
williamsi P. gracilis (incl. nutallii) [Abstrusomyzus leucocrini]; Acyrthosiphon malvae (s.lat.), wasintae; [Aphis sp., Oregon (see aphidtrek.org)]; Aulacorthum solani; Chaetosiphon hottesi, thomasi; Macrosiphum euphorbiae, glawatz; Myzus ascalonicus P. grandiflora Aulacorthum
solani P. heptaphylla Chaetosiphon alpestre P. hirta Macrosiphum
euphorbiae; Myzus
ornatus P. hispanica Acyrthosiphon boreale P. hybrida Sitobion
fragariae P. hyparctica Acyrthosiphon
boreale P. impolita Aphis
roepkei, subviridis; Acyrthosiphon boreale P. inclinata Aphis subviridis; Aulacorthum solani P. intermedia Aphis
tormentillae;
Chaetosiphon alpestre P. japonicus Paramyzus longirostris P. longifolia Holmania chaetosiphon P. megalantha Acyrthosiphon malvae (s. lat.); Aulacorthum solani; Chaetosiphon alpestre ssp. airolense; Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus P. micrantha Myzus
ascalonicus P. monspeliensis = P. norvegica P. mooniana [Tricaudatus polygoni]; [Trichosiphonaphis gerberae, polygoni] P. nepalensis Acyrthosiphon
rubifoliae P. neumanniana Aphis breviseta; Chaetosiphon potentillae P. norvegica Acyrthosiphon
boreale, malvae ssp. potha; Aulacorthum solani; Chaetosiphon thomasi; Macrosiphum
euphorbiae P. nuttallii see P. gracilis P. orientalis = Sibbaldianthe bifurca ssp. orientalis P. ornithopodioides Acyrthosiphon
boreale; Myzus
ornatus P. pacifica (?) Chaetosiphon thomasi P. palustris = Comarum palustre P. parviflora Macropodaphis
dzhungarica; Myzaphis
rosarum P. parvifolia Aphis
dasiphorae P. patula Acyrthosiphon
boreale; Aulacorthum
solani; Myzus ascalonicus P. pedata (incl.
transcaspia) Acyrthosiphon boreale; [Brachycaudus cerasicola] P. pensylvanica (incl. sibirica, Aulacorthum solani; Chaetosiphon alpestre,
potentillae; strigosa) Holmania
chaetosiphon; Myzus ascalonicus P. phyllocalyx (?) Myzaphis rosarum P. pimpinelloides Myzus ornatus P. puberula (incl. pusilla) Acyrthosiphon boreale; Aphis breviseta; Chaetosiphon alpestre, alpestre ssp. airolense P. pusilla Aphis
breviseta P. recta (incl. warrenii) Acyrthosiphon boreale,
malvae ssp. potha; Aphis potentillae,
subviridis, tormentillae; [Brachycaudus cerasicola]; Chaetosiphon alpestre; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus, persicae P. repens Aphis
roepkei P. reptans Acyrthosiphon
boreale, malvae ssp. potha; Aphis breviseta, potentillae, roepkei,
solanella, tormentillae;
Aulacorthum solani; Chaetosiphon alpestre ssp. airolense; [Cryptomyzus galeopsidis]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus; Pemphigus ?populi P. rubricaulus Aulacorthum solani; Myzus ascalonicus P. rupestris Aulacorthum
solani; Macrosiphum
euphorbiae; Myzus ascalonicus P. ×russelliana Macrosiphum
euphorbiae P. sericea Acyrthosiphon
boreale P. sibirica see P. pensylvanica P. speciosa Chaetosiphon
muelleri P. sterilis Acyrthosiphon
malvae; Chaetosiphon
potentillae P. stolonifera Paramyzus
longirostris P. supina Acyrthosiphon boreale; Aphis diluta, gossypii; Chaetosiphon
alpestre sspp. airolense,
orientale; Macropodaphis alexandri; [Macrosiphum stellariae] P. tabernaemontani = P. neumanniana P. tanacetifolia Aphis
mongolica P. tephroleuca Acyrthosiphon
boreale; Chaetosiphon
alpestre P. tormentilla see P. erecta P. transcaspia see P. pedata P. tridentata = Sibbaldia
tridentata P. verna (?) Aulacorthum solani; Chaetosiphon alpestre, alpestre ssp. airolense; Myzus ascalonicus P. virgata (?) Aphis comari Potentilla spp. Acyrthosiphon
pseudodirhodum; Aspidophorodon
indica; Chaetosiphon jacobi; Macrosiphum agrimoniellum, pallidum; [Sitobion beiquei]; [Uroleucon martini] Key to apterae on Potentilla (also Comarum and Sibbaldianthe):- 1 Fore femora greatly
enlarged, about twice as thick as mid femora, and fore tibiae with
strengthened bases. Dorsum adorned with numerous tubercular processes, most
of which bear hairs and wax glands. Cauda knobbed .....2 - Fore femora not enlarged. Dorsum with or without tubercular processes.
Cauda variable …..6 2 ABD TERG 1-5 with both
mammariform and digitiform processes, each bearing a single hair; mammariform
processes have a thick blunt or slightly capitate apical hair, whereas
digitiform processes have a small apical wax disc with a very small hair on
the rim …..3 - ABD TERG 1-5 with
mammariform or quadrate processes, each bearing 1-3 hairs; the processes vary
in size and shape but all bear hairs of similar length ..…4 3 Total number of dorsal hairs on thorax and ABD TERG 1-7 (including the
minute ones on digitiform processes) is 210-270; ABD TERG 3-5 usually each
with less than 28 hairs …..Macropodaphis paradoxa - Total number of dorsal hairs on thorax and ABD TERG 1-7 (including the
minute ones on digitiform processes) is 310-352; ABD TERG 3-5 usually each
with more than 30 hairs …..Macropodaphis alexandri 4 Head pale, weakly
sclerotic, not much contrasting with pigmentation of pronotum. Fore femore
pale or mottled, knob of cauda pale. Largest dorsal processes are quadrate or
mammariform in shape, sometimes bifid or tripartite due to tuberculate bases
of hairs. Longest dorsal hairs are 30-45 μm long …..Macropodaphis rechingeri* - Head dark, distinctly
contrasting with pale pronotum. Fore femora black, knob of cauda dusky to
dark. Largest dorsal processes are rounded hillocks, with longest hairs 60-75
μm long …..5 5 ANT PT/BASE 1.5-1.7
(-1.9) …..Macropodaphis dzhungarica* - ANT PT/BASE (1.7-)2.0-2.3 …..Macropodaphis primigenius 6 ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5 …..7 - ANT
PT/BASE more than 0.6 …..8 7 SIPH absent. Dorsal abdomen with wax pore plates …..Pemphigus sp.(?populi – Zwölfer 1958) - SIPH
present as dark cones with many hairs. Dorsal abdomen without wax pore plates …..Maculolachnus submacula 8 Dorsal body hairs thick
and markedly capitate, and arising from prominent tuberculate bases that are
often higher than their basal widths. First tarsal segments all with 5 hairs …..9 - Dorsal body hairs not thick
and capitate, or if with somewhat expanded apices then without prominent
tubercular bases (always shorter than their basal widths). First tarsal
segments with 2-6 hairs …..19 9 SIPH with a distinct
subapical zone of polygonal reticulation …..Holmania chaetosiphon - SIPH without subapical
polygonal reticulation …..10 10 SIPH with 1-12 thick capitate hairs on
proximal part …..11 - SIPH without hairs …..13 11 SIPH 0.23-0.25 × BL, with 9-12 capitate
hairs …..Chaetosiphon alpestre ssp. orientale* - SIPH 0.14-0.20 × BL, with
1-6 capitate hairs …..12 12 SIPH 0.17-0.20 × BL, with 4-6 capitate
hairs …..Chaetosiphon alpestre s.str. - SIPH 0.14-0.17 × BL, with
1-4 capitate hairs …..Chaetosiphon alpestre ssp. airolense 13 SIPH 1.2-2.0 × cauda …..14 - SIPH 2.1-3.5 × cauda …..15 14 R IV+V very long and narrow, 4 or more × its basal width and 2.4-2.8 ×
HT II. Dorsal hairs very numerous (20-30 per segment), varying in length but
maximally c.130 μm long …..Chaetosiphon muelleri - R IV+V triangular, less than
2.5 × its basal width and less than 1.3× HT II. Dorsal hairs much fewer and
shorter. (Only imm. known)
…..Chaetosiphon alpinum 15 Cuticle of head smooth. R IV+V with 10-15
accessory hairs …..Chaetosiphon hottesi - Cuticle of head
spiculose. R IV+V with 3-6 accessory hairs …..16 16 ANT III with 9-12 capitate hairs …..Chaetosiphon potentillae - ANT III with 2-7 capitate
hairs …..17 17 Dorsal abdomen with dark pigmentation …..Chaetosiphon jacobi - Dorsal abdomen pale …..18 18 Rostrum not reaching hind coxae. R IV+V
0.06-0.08 × BL …..Chaetosiphon thomasi - Rostrum reaching to or beyond hind coxae. R IV+V 0.08-0.11 × BL …..Chaetosiphon fragaefolii 19 SIPH with a subapical zone of reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of
closed, polygonal cells) …..20 - SIPH without polygonal reticulation (sometimes with a few
interconnected subapical striae) …..31 20 SIPH dark and with a greatly inflated, balloon-like middle section …..Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon - SIPH pale or dark, not inflated …..21 21 Dorsal abdomen with extensive light to dark
brown sclerotisation. Ventral side of head ornamented with spicules extending
from ANT tubercles to posterior margin …..22 - Dorsal abdomen without
extensive dark sclerotisation. Head usually without spicules, but if present
they do not cover all of the ventral side of head …..24 22 Longest hairs on ANT III 0.6-1.4 × BD III.
Cauda triangular, less than 1.5 × longer than its basal width in dorsal view …..Anthracosiphon hertae - Longest hairs on ANT III
about 0.5 × BD III or less. Cauda triangular or finger-like, about 1.5 or
more × longer than its basal width in dorsal view …..23 23 ANT beyond
ANT I and II black. Cauda finger-like, 0.25-0.32 mm long, at
least 2 × longer than its basal width in dorsal view …..Anthracosiphon crystleae - ANT light
brown to brown. Cauda triangular, about 0.22 mm long, about 1.5 × longer than its basal
width in dorsal view …..Macrosiphum potentillae* 24 Longest hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.5 × BD III. ANT III with 1-4 very small
rhinaria. ANT tubercles rather low, and median frontal tubercle distinctly
developed …..Sitobion fragariae - Longest hairs on ANT III 0.6-1.3 × BD III. ANT III with 1-35 rhinaria
of various sizes. ANT tubercles well developed, median frontal tubercle
undeveloped …..25 25 SIPH pale or dusky only towards apices …..26 - SIPH dark, or pale only
at bases …..28 26 R IV+V
0.83-1.02 × HT II …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae - R IV+V 1.03-1.30 × HT II …..27 27 ANT III with (8-)15-20 rhinaria, usually
extending over more than 0.6 of its length .....Macrosiphum agrimoniellum - ANT III 3-19 rhinaria not extending beyond basal 0.6 of its length …..Macrosiphum
glawatz 28 SIPH wholly jet black, and rather thick;
5-7 × as long as their width at midlength. ANT III pale except at apex …..Macrosiphum pachysiphon - SIPH wholly dark, or
paler at base, and more than 10× longer than their width at midlength. ANT
III dark at least on sensoriated part …..29 29 Head, ANT I and ANT II as dark as SIPH, which are wholly dark. ANT III
with 4-25 rhinaria (77% with 11 or more). (ANT III of al. with 31-71
rhinaria) …..Macrosiphum
rosae - Head, ANT I and ANT II
much paler than distal part of SIPH, which may be paler at base. ANT III with
2-10 rhinaria. (ANT III of al. with 13-22 rhinaria) …..30 30 SIPH 1.9-2.2 × cauda. R IV+V 0.8-0.95 × HT
II .....Macrosiphum valerianae - SIPH 1.2-1.7 (-1.8) ×
cauda. R IV+V 0.9-1.15 × HT II …..Macrosiphum pallidum 31 Front of head with median tubercle very
well developed as a rugose, quadrate (sometimes bilobed) process, projecting
forward beyond ANT tubercles …..32 - Median frontal tubercle
undeveloped or less well developed, not quadrate or bilobed …..34 32 ANT tubercles undeveloped, inner apex of
ANT I without projection. ANT 6-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE 1.3-1.6. SIPH
with flange and normal aperture. Dorsal cuticle strongly pitted. First tarsal
segments with 5 hairs …..Myzaphis rosarum - ANT tubercles evident
(although lower than median tubercle), ANT I with projection at inner apex.
ANT 5-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE 0.6-1.3. SIPH flangeless, with very small
aperture. Dorsal cuticle wrinkled. First tarsal segments with 2-3 hairs …..33 33 ABD TERG 7 and 8 each with a medial process
bearing 2 hairs. Subgenital plate with 3-8 hairs on anterior part. HT I
usually with only 2 hairs …..Aspidophorodon vera - ABD TERG 7, and usually also ABD TERG 8, without any distinct
hair-bearing processes. Subgenital plate with 2 hairs on anterior part. HT I
with 3 hairs (median sense peg present) …..Aspidophorodon indica 34 ANT tubercles absent or weakly developed.
ABD TERG 1 and 7 with or without marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..35 - ANT tubercles well developed,
so that there is a frontal sinus. ABD TERG 1 and 7 never with MTu …..53 35 ABD TERG 7 without MTu …..36 - ABD TERG 7 with MTu …..39 36 Cauda finger-like, much longer than its
basal width. ANT PT/BASE 0.67-1.3. SIPH either much shorter or much longer
than cauda …..37 - Cauda helmet-shaped, as
short as or shorter than its basal width. ANT PT/BASE 1.3-3.2. SIPH similar
in length to cauda …..38 37 SIPH very short, c.0.3 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 1.0-1.3. First tarsal
segments with 6 hairs …..Longicaudus trirhodus - SIPH long and thin,
nearly 3 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 0.67-1.0. First tarsal segments with 2 hairs …..Richardsaphis canadensis* 38 SIPH with close-spaced spiculose imbrication. ANT PT/BASE 1.3-1.7. ANT
III (distally) and IV usually with rhinaria. ANT with long fine hairs much
longer than BD III. ABD TERG 1-5(-6) usually with MTu. Dorsal abdomen with
dark spots and patches …..Nearctaphis argentinaeradicis - SIPH with smooth surface.
ANT PT/BASE 2.4-3.2. ANT III without rhinaria. ANT hairs shorter than BD III.
Dorsal abdomen without dark markings …..Brachycaudus helichrysi 39 R IV+V 1.6-2.3 × HT II, and bearing 4-16
accessory hairs …..40 - R IV+V 0.9-1.4 × HT II,
with 2(-3) accessory hairs …..41 40 SIPH dark. ANT usually 5-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE 1.35-1.72. R IV+V with 12-14 accessory hairs ….. Aphis mongolica - SIPH pale. ANT usually
6-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE 1.9-2.9. R IV+V with 4-8 accessory hairs …..Aphis diluta 41 Hairs on ANT III pointed, the longest of
them more than 0.65 × longer than BD III …..42 - Hairs on ANT III blunt or
pointed, the longest 0.3-0.6 (-0.7) × BD III …..44 42 ANT PT/BASE 1.25-1.65. SIPH 0.55-0.85 ×
cauda …..Aphis dasiphorae - ANT PT/BASE 1.8-3.9. SIPH
0.8-1.8 × cauda …..43 43 Cauda
paler than SIPH, without a constriction, and bearing 4-11 hairs. ABD TERG
7 and 8 usually with dusky cross-bands. R IV+V 1.15-1.4 × HT II …..Aphis comari - Cauda as dark as SIPH,
and bearing (7-)8-24 hairs (but if with 7-11 then it has a midway constriction and ABD TERG 7 and 8 are
without cross-bands). R IV+V 0.85-1.2
(-1.3) × HT II …..go
to key to
polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 33 44 Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid black shield centred on ABD
TERG 4-5 …..Aphis craccivora - Dorsum without an
extensive solid black shield …..45 45 Marginal tubercles (MTu) consistently
present on most or all of ABD TERG 2-4 as well as 1 and 7 …..46 - MTu only occur
irregularly or inconsistently on ABD TERG 2-4 …..50 46 SIPH entirely blackish. Tergum with dark sclerotic bars on thorax and
posterior abdomen .....47 - SIPH usually paler
basally and darker at apex. Tergum without dark sclerotisation .....48 47 R IV+V 1.6-1.8 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE c.
2.4-2.5 …..Aphis potentillae* - R IV+V 1.1-1.2 × HT II.
ANT PT/BASE c.1.9-2.0 …..Aphis tianschanica* 48 SIPH 0.9-1.1 × cauda, which is
tongue-shaped to triangular …..Aphis subviridis - SIPH 1.3-2.2 × cauda which
is finger-like …..49 49 ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.1. SIPH 1.3-1.4 × cauda, which bears long curved
hairs …..Aphis roepkei - ANT PT/BASE 2.5-3.1. SIPH 1.6-2.2 × cauda, which bears hairs shorter
than ANT BD III …..Aphis breviseta 50 SIPH and cauda both similarly dark …..51 - SIPH dark or pale with
dark apices, cauda pale or dusky …..52 51 SIPH 0.64-1.0 × cauda, which bears 5-9
hairs …..Aphis tormentillae - SIPH 1.2-1.3 × cauda, which bears 4 hairs …..Aphis sp. on P. argentea (Sweden, BMNH collection) 52 SIPH uniformly dark. Hairs on hind femur all shorter than diameter of
femur at its base .....Aphis gossypii - SIPH usually rather pale,
darker at apex. Hairs on hind femur mainly longer, some of them about as long
as, or longer than, diameter of femur at its base .....Aphis
nasturtii 53 Head spiculose, with inner faces of ANT
tubercles steep, almost parallel or apically convergent. ANT III with 0-4
rhinaria …..54 - Head smooth, with inner faces of ANT tubercles divergent. ANT III with
(0-)1-56 rhinaria …..59 54 SIPH
clavate, i.e. slightly to considerably swollen on distal 0.5-0.7 of length …..55 - SIPH cylindrical or
tapering, without swollen distal part …..58 55 ANT III with 1-4 secondary rhinaria on slightly swollen section of
basal half. R IV+V 1.5-1.8 × HT II …..Paramyzus longirostris - ANT III without secondary
rhinaria. R IV+V 0.9-1.5 × HT II …..56 56 SIPH 0.9-1.34 × ANT III. R IV+V 0.9-1.1(-1.2) × HT II …..Myzus persicae - SIPH 0.50-0.81 × ANT III.
R IV+V 1.2-1.5 × HT II …..57 57 SIPH with narrowest part of stem
as thin as or thinner than hind tibia at midlength. R IV+V with 7-15
accessory hairs. (Al. with forewing veins not black-bordered) …..Myzus ascalonicus - SIPH with narrowest part
of stem thicker than hind tibia at midlength. R IV+V with 4-7 accessory
hairs. (Al. with black-bordered forewing veins) …..Neotoxoptera
oliveri 58 SIPH coarsely imbricated, with a slight S-curve. Dorsal abdomen
with a pattern of dark intersegmental markings. ANT PT/BASE 1.8-2.5. BL
1.0-1.75 mm …..Myzus ornatus - SIPH not curved, not
coarsely imbricated. Dorsal abdomen without dark ornamentation. ANT PT/BASE
4.0-5.3. BL 1.8-3.0 mm …..Aulacorthum solani 59 ANT with numerous protruberant sec.
rhinaria; 23-56 on III, 0-22 on IV, 0-1 on V. ANT hairs 1-2 × BD III.
Thoracic spiracles large and rounded, much larger than abdominal ones. R IV+V
1.6-1.9 × HT II …..Nasonovia williamsi - ANT with 0-32
non-protruberant sec. rhinaria, confined to ANT III. ANT hairs all shorter
than BD III. Thoracic spiracles not much larger than abdominal ones. R IV+V
0.6-1.6 × HT II …..60 60 Longest hairs on ABD TERG 1-3 thick and
with blunt or slightly expanded apices, 25-52 μm long, longer than
diameter of ANT III at midlength.
SIPH long and thin, 1.65-2.9 × cauda …..61 - Longest hairs on ABD TERG
1-3 are 10-20 μm long, shorter than midlength diameter of ANT III. SIPH
0.8-2.5 × cauda …..62 61 Dorsal abdominal cuticle strongly
sclerotised and corrugated in a jigsaw puzzle-like pattern. R IV+V 1.0-1.25 ×
HT II and bearing 4-8 accessory hairs. Cauda with 7-12 hairs. ANT III with
1-4 (-32) rhinaria. BL less than 2.5 mm …..Acyrthosiphon scalare - Dorsal abdominal cuticle smooth. R IV+V 1.5-1.6 × HT II and bearing
c.40 accessory hairs. Cauda with 16-19 hairs. ANT III without rhinaria. BL
more than 3 mm …..Acyrthosiphon vandenboschi 62 SIPH 0.8-1.2 × cauda. ANT PT 2.25-3.25 ×
SIPH …..Acyrthosiphon pseudodirhodum - SIPH 1.4-2.5 × cauda. ANT
PT less than 2 × SIPH …..63 63 R IV+V 0.6-0.8 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 2.5-4.4 …..Metopolophium dirhodum - R IV+V 0.9-1.5 × HT II.
ANT PT/BASE 3.5-9.0 …..64 64 SIPH 1.4-1.5 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 3.8-4.2. ANT III with 8-20 rhinaria …..Acyrthosiphon assiniboinensis - SIPH 1.5-2.5 × cauda. ANT
PT/BASE 3.5-9.0, but if less than
4.3 then SIPH 1.6-1.8 × cauda and ANT III with 1-5 rhinaria …..65 65 ANT PT/BASE 3.5-4.3. SIPH 1.6-1.8 × cauda. ANT III with 1-5 rhinaria
near base …..Acyrthosiphon wasintae - ANT PT/BASE 4.4-9.0. SIPH
1.8-2.6 × cauda. ANT III with 1-24 rhinaria …..66 66 ANT PT/BASE 7.1-9.0. SIPH dark except at
bases …..Acyrthosiphon rubifoliae - ANT PT/BASE 4.4-6.3. SIPH
pale …..Acyrthosiphon malvae group,
incl. A. boreale Poterium see Sanguisorba Rosaceae Pothomorphe see Piper Piperaceae Pothomorphe peltata = Piper peltatum P. umbellata = Piper umbellatum Use
key to polyphagous
aphids. Pothos Araceae Pothos chinensis Cerataphis lataniae P. hermaphroditus = P. scandens P. longifolius = P. scandens P. repens Cerataphis lataniae P. roxburghii Cerataphis pothophila P. scandens Cerataphis
freycinetiae; [Greenidea
ficicola] P. seemannii = P. chinensis Key
to apterae on Pothos:- (All
species have a flattened aleyrodiform body with an encircling fringe of wax
glands, a pair of small frontal horns, 3-faceted eyes and poriform SIPH.) 1 Ventral side of head with
1-2 pairs of thick dagger-like hairs arising from enlarged sockets. Cauda
with 6-9 hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 11-16 hairs …..Cerataphis freycinetiae - Ventral side of head
without any dagger-like hairs. Cauda with 11-14 hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 8-10
hairs …..2 2 R IV+V 0.71-0.85 × HT II.
Longest marginal hair dorsal to row of wax glands is 6-15 μm long, and
hairs around SIPH are maximally only 2-7 μm. Dorsal and marginal hairs
usually with rounded apices .....Cerataphis lataniae - R
IV+V 0.57-0.65 × HT II. Longest marginal hair dorsal to row of wax glands is
20-30 μm long, and hairs around SIPH are 12-20 μm. Dorsal and
marginal hairs with pointed apices .....Cerataphis pothophila Poupartia Anacardiaceae Poupartia
caffra = Sclerocarya birrea ssp. caffra Pourthiaea see Photinia Rosaceae Pourthiaea laevis = Photinia villosa var. laevis P. zollingeri = Photinia villosa var. zollingeri Pouteria (=Malacantha) Sapotaceae Pouteria
alnifolia Aphis gossypii
P. caimito Aphis gossypii;
Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii P.
ramiflora Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Use key to polyphagous
aphids. Pouzolzia Urticaceae Pouzolzia
hirta = Gonostegia hirta P. indica = P. zeylanica P. zeylanica Aphis gossypii Pouzolzia sp. [Subovatomyzus leucosceptri] Use
key to polyphagous
aphids. Prangos Apiaceae Prangos asperula Swirskiaphis polychaeta P. bucharica Dysaphis
crataegi, papillata; Hyadaphis passerinii P. herderi Hyadaphis
coriandri P. ornata Hyadaphis
coriandri P. pabularia Anuraphis
subterranea;
Aphis craccivora; Dysaphis papillata; Hyadaphis passerinii P. tschimgaica (?) [Dysaphis
tschildarensis] Key
to apterae on Prangos:- 1 SIPH clavate or barrel-shaped. Cauda finger-shaped, longer than its
basal width …..2 - SIPH
tapering or truncate, cauda shorter than or only about as long as its basal
width …..3 2 SIPH clavate, 0.88-1.4 × cauda, 1.7-3.1 × R IV+V
and 3.1-5.1 × longer than their minimum diameter on basal half …..Hyadaphis
passerinii - SIPH barrel-shaped, 0.6-0.82 × cauda,
0.9-1.6 × R IV+V and 1.6-2.7 × their minimum diameter on basal half …..Hyadaphis coriandri 3 Dorsal body hairs very long (more than 100 mm), thick and numerous. SIPH about equal in length to cauda. Spinal
tubercles (STu) absent …..Swirskiaphis polychaeta - Dorsal
body hairs less than 50 mm.
SIPH at least 1.5 × cauda. Head and some of abdominal segments with paired STu …..4 4 SIPH ornamented with blunt spinules, arranged in closely-spaced
transverse rows. Cauda with c.11-12 hairs …..Anuraphis subterranea - SIPH with normal imbrication. Cauda with 5-8 hairs …..5 5 Longest hairs on ANT III as long as or longer than BD III. ANT PT/BASE
c.2.3 …..Dysaphis papillata* - Longest hairs on ANT III
0.3-0.8 × BD III. ANT PT/BASE 2.7-4.1 …..Dysaphis crataegi Prasium Lamiaceae Prasium majus Aphis sp. (Italy; Cocuzza et al. 2014) Cryptomyzus sp. near korschelti (Israel; Swirski & Amitai 2001: 73) Pratia Campanulaceae Pratia
nummularia Rhopalosiphoninus
staphyleae Praxelis Asteraceae Praxelis basifolia Aphis spiraecola P. pauciflora Aphis
spiraecola Premna Verbenaceae Premna cavalerei [Myzus
varians] P. odorata Mesotrichosiphum uichancoi Premna sp. [Greenideoida noonadanae] Prenanthes Asteraceae Prenanthes alba Hyperomyzus nabali; Uroleucon pseudambrosiae P. altissima Hyperomyzus nabali P. autumnalis Uroleucon pseudambrosiae P. brunoniana Uroleucon
longisetosum P. purpurea Aphis
fabae;
Macrosiphum prenanthidis P. tanakae Hyperomyzus
carduellinus P. tatarinowii Aphis
fabae, Aphis sp. near viburni (Holman 1987) P. trifoliata Uroleucon
ambrosiae P. violaefolia Uroleucon longisetosum Key
to apterae on Prenanthes:- 1 SIPH clavate …..2 - SIPH tapering or
cylindrical for most of length …..3 2 SIPH 1.1-1.5 × cauda, with maximum diameter of swollen part 1.05-1.45
× minimum diameter of basal part. R
IV+V 0.9-1.0 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 4.4-6.0 …..Hyperomyzus carduellinus - SIPH 1.4-1.8 × cauda,
with maximum diameter of swollen part 1.8-3.1 × minimum diameter of basal part. R IV+V 1.05-1.4 × HT II. ANT
PT/BASE 7.8-13.5 …..Hyperomyzus
nabali 3 SIPH with a distal zone
of polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles well developed. ANT III with
rhinaria. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) …..4 - SIPH without polygonal reticulation.
ANT tubercles weakly developed. ANT III without rhinaria. ABD TERG 1 and 7
with MTu …..7 4 SIPH 2.0-2.5 × cauda and
mainly pale, sometimes dark on distal reticulated part, which extends for
less than 0.2 of total length …..Macrosiphum prenanthidis - SIPH 1.1-1.5 × cauda and
wholly dark, with distal reticulation extending more than 0.25 of length …..5 5 Crescent-shaped
antesiphuncular sclerites present. SIPH short and thick, 0.14-0.15 × BL. R
IV+V 1.2-1.3 × HT II …..Uroleucon longisetosum - No antesiphuncular
sclerites. SIPH more than 0.2 × BL. R IV+V 0.9-1.4 × HT II …..6 6 HT II rather long and
thin, 6 or more × longer than its maximum thickness and 0.9-1.1 × R IV+V …..Uroleucon pseudambrosiae - HT II less than 5 × its maximum thickness and 0.70-0.85 × R IV+V …..Uroleucon ambrosiae 7 ABD TERG 2-6 as well as 1
and 7 usually bearing prominent MTu. R IV+V 1.23-1.53 × HT II …..Aphis sp. near viburni (Holman 1987) - ABD TERG 2-6 rarely with small MTu. R IV+V 0.9-1.4 × HT II ..…Aphis
fabae group Primula Primulaceae Primula
acaulis Acyrthosiphon primulae P. allionii Thecabius
(Parathecabius) auriculae P. alpicola Myzus
ornatus P. ×auricula Acyrthosiphon
auriculae, primulae; Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Thecabius (Parathecabius) auriculae P. denticulata Aulacorthum
solani P. elatior Acyrthosiphon
primulae;
Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus P. floribunda Myzus
ornatus; Neomyzus
circumflexus P. forbesii Myzus
persicae P.
glaucescens [Acyrthosiphon auriculae (excised
leaves)] P.
japonica Aulacorthum solani; Myzus ornatus P. juliae Aulacorthum solani P. ×kewensis Acyrthosiphon
primulae; Myzus
persicae P. macrophylla Cavariella
aquatica P. malacoides Myzus ornatus,
persicae P.
marginata [Acyrthosiphon auriculae (excised
leaves)] P. obconica [Acyrthosiphon malvae]; Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus P. officinalis see
P. veris P. palinuri [Acyrthosiphon auriculae (excised leaves)] P. parryi Amphorophora pawtincae; Aulacorthum solani; Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae P.
pedemontana Thecabius (Parathecabius)
auriculae P. polyantha Acyrthosiphon primulae; Aulacorthum solani; Myzus ornatus P. sieboldii Aphis gossypii; Aulacorthum solani; Neomyzus circumflexus P. sikkimensis Acyrthosiphon
primulae; Aulacorthum
solani P. sinensis Acyrthosiphon primulae; Aulacorthum solani; Myzus ornatus, persicae; [Nasonovia dasyphylli] P. veris (incl. ssp. canescens) Acyrthosiphon primulae; Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus P. vialii Aulacorthum
solani P. vulgaris Acyrthosiphon
primulae; Aulacorthum
solani; Myzus cymbalariae, persicae Primula spp. [Eutrichosiphum pseudopasaniae];
Neomyzus primulus; [Rhodobium porosum]; Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon; [Roepkea marchali]; Sitobion miscanthi; [Wahlgreniella nervata] Key
to apterae on Primula:- 1 ANT PT/BASE less than
0.5. SIPH as inconspicuous pores. Cauda broadly rounded, not evident. Dorsal
abdomen with wax glands (4 on each of ABD TERG 3-6, 2 on ABD TERG 7) …..Thecabius (Parathecabius)
auriculae - ANT PT/BASE more than
0.7. SIPH tubular. Cauda helmet-, tongue- or finger-shaped. No discrete wax
glands …..2 2 ANT 0.3-0.4 × BL, with
ANT PT/BASE 0.75-1.25. SIPH flangeless and with reduced aperture. ABD TERG 8
with a triangular supracaudal process …..Cavariella aquatica - ANT more than 0.4 × BL, with
ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5. SIPH with
flange and normal aperture. ABD TERG 8 without a supracaudal process …..3 3 SIPH tapering or
cylindrical with distal polygonal reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of closed
cells)
…..4 - SIPH without distal polygonal
reticulation (except when black with balloon-like swelling of distal part) …..5 4 SIPH wholly dark, 1.4-1.9 × cauda. ANT tubercles rather weakly
developed …..Sitobion miscanthi - SIPH mainly pale, 1.7-2.2 × cauda. ANT tubercles well developed …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae 5 Cuticle of head smooth
with ANT tubercles well developed, their inner faces smooth and divergent.
ANT 0.9-1.4 × BL …..6 - Cuticle of head densely
spiculose, or if smooth then ANT tubercles undeveloped or weakly developed and
ANT less than 0.9 × BL …..8 6 SIPH clavate. ANT PT/BASE more than 6 (estimated from al.; apt.
undescribed) …..Amphorophora pawtincae - SIPH
tapering/cylindrical. ANT PT/BASE less than 6 …..7 7 R IV+V 1.25-1.35 × HT II and bearing 25-31 accessory hairs. Cauda with
10-13 hairs …..Acyrthosiphon auriculae - R IV+V 1.0-1.25 × HT II and bearing 8-12 accessory hairs. Cauda with
6-8 hairs …..Acyrthosiphon primulae 8 Cuticle of head densely
spiculose, abdomen with dark dorsal markings and SIPH tapering/cylindrical .....9 - Without that combination
of characters .....
go to key
to polyphagous aphids 9 SIPH 1.8-2.3 × cauda,
0.17-0.23 × BL. R IV+V 1.2-1.7 × HT II. ABD TERG 2-4 with a roughly
horseshoe-shaped patch .....Neomyzus circumflexus - SIPH c.3 × cauda, 0.23-0.25 × BL. R IV+V 1.1-1.2 × HT II. ABD TERG 2-4
with variably developed cross-bands or roughly quadrate patch .....Neomyzus primulus* Pringlea Brassicaceae Pringlea antiscorbutica Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ascalonicus Use
key to polyphagous
aphids. Prinsepia Rosaceae Prinsepia sinensis Aphidura mordvilkoi,
prinsepiae P. utilis [Acyrthosiphon pisum]; Aphis gossypii; Tricaudatus polygoni Key
to apterae on Prinsepia:- - Dorsum membranous. SIPH
markedly swollen over distal 0.75 of length. ABD TERG 7 and 8 each with an unpaired
rounded medial process …..Tricaudatus polygoni - Dorsum extensively sclerotised. SIPH tapering. ABD TERG 7 and 8
without processes …..Aphidura mordvilkoi (or prinsepiae - see text) (If
neither combination of characters wholly applies then go to key to
polyphagous aphids) Pritchardia Arecaceae Pritchardia sp. Cerataphis lataniae Priva Verbenaceae Priva lappulacea Aphis gossypii, nerii; Myzus persicae Use
key to polyphagous
aphids. Proboscidea Martyniaceae Proboscidea
louisiana Aphis gossypii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae Use
key to polyphagous
aphids. Pronephrium Thelypteridaceae Pronephrium
penangianum Macromyzus maculatus Prosartes Liliaceae Prosartes hookeri Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum wilsoni P. smithii Macrosiphum wilsoni Prosartes sp. Macrosiphum euphorbiae Key
to apterae on Prosartes:- 1 SIPH without polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles with steep-sided,
approximately parallel, inner faces, and head densely spiculose at least on
underside …..Aulacorthum solani - SIPH with a subapical
zone of polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles with divergent inner faces, and
head smooth or with only sparse, minute spinules …..2 2 SIPH 2.3-3.4 × cauda. R IV+V 1.0-1.2 × HT II, which is 0.11-0.14 mm
long …..Macrosiphum wilsoni - SIPH 1.7-2.2 × cauda. R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II, which is 0.13-0.19
mm long …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae Prosopidastrum Fabaceae Prosopidastrum globosum Aphis craccivora Prosopis Fabaceae Prosopis farcta Aphis craccivora P. glandulosa Macrosiphum ?euphorbiae P. juliflora Aphis
craccivora; Brachyunguis
harmalae P. stephaniana = P. farcta Prosopis
sp. Aphis gossypii - ANT PT/BASE less than 1.
SIPH pale, much shorter than cauda …..Brachyunguis harmalae - ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH pale or dark, longer than cauda …..go
to key to
polyphagous aphids Prostanthera Lamiaceae Prostanthera
nivea Myzus persicae Prosthechea Orchidaceae Prosthechea campylostalix Sitobion luteum P. cochleata Cerataphis
orchidearum; Sitobion
luteum P. fragrans Aphis spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani; Cerataphis
orchidearum; Sitobion luteum P.
vespa Sitobion luteum Use
key to apterae on orchids under Cymbidium. Protasparagus see Asparagus Asparagaceae Proustia Asteraceae Proustia cuneifolia [Aphis craccivora];
Uroleucon macolai Prunella (including Brunella) Lamiaceae Prunella asiatica = P.
vulgarus ssp. asiatica P. grandiflora Aphis
brunellae; Aulacorthum
solani P. orientalis Aphis
brunellae P. vulgaris Aphis brunellae, gossypii, nasturtii; Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus; Ovatomyzus chamaedrys P. vulgarus ssp. asiatica Cryptomyzus taoi Key
to apterae on Prunella:- 1 Dorsal body hairs long and
thick, much longer than ANT BD III, many or all of them having knobbed or
expanded apices, and arising from tuberculate bases. ANT PT/BASE 9.0-10.5.
SIPH swollen on distal part …..Cryptomyzus taoi - Dorsal body hairs mostly
shorter than BD III; pointed or blunt, or if with somewhat expanded apices
then without tuberculate bases. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-7.7. SIPH swollen, tapering
or cylindrical …..2 2 ANT PT/BASE 5.6-7.7. SIPH pale, cylindrical or slightly clavate, without
any subapical polygonal reticulation (Fig.50e), and
2.2-3.1 × cauda, which has a distinctly constricted base …..Ovatomyzus chamaedrys - ANT PT/BASE 1.4-6.2, but if more than 5.3 then SIPH have subapical
polygonal reticulation. SIPH pale, dusky or dark, tapering, 0.8-2.5 × cauda
which is not constricted at base …..3 3 R IV+V 1.2-1.7 × HT II.
ANT tubercles weakly developed. Only ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles
(MTu). Cauda pale …..Aphis brunellae - Without that combination of characters …..go
to key to
polyphagous aphids Prunus Rosaceae The genus Prunus is used here in a broad sense to include Amygdalopsis,
Amygdalus, Armeniaca, Cerasus, Laurocerasus, Padus and Persica, although several of these are now often
regarded as separate genera. Prunus is the primary host genus for
most species of the aphidine genera Brachycaudus, Hyalopterus, Rhopalosiphum,
Myzus and Tuberocephalus. Although some Prunus-feeding
aphids are rather specific in their choice of primary host, many colonise
more than species, and there seems to be remarkably little concordance
between host choice and the major subdivisions of the genus. Therefore a single key to aphids on Prunus
of the world seems most useful. Except where otherwise indicated, the key
refers to apterous viviparae (including fundatrices). Host Plant List:-
Prunus
africana Red Stinkwood, Bitter-Almond P. americana American Wild Plum, River Plum Hyalopterus
pruni; Myzus persicae; Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae P. ×amygdalopersica = P. ×persicoides P. amygdalus Almond spiraecola; Brachycaudus
amygdalinus, [cardui],
helichrysi, persicae, prunicola, [schwartzi]; Myzus
amygdalinus, [ascalonicus],
cerasi, persicae; Rhopalosiphum
nymphaeae (For a key to
the common aphids on Almond, see Blackman & Eastop 2000.) P. angustifolia Chickasaw Plum, Mountain Cherry P. ansu Aphis gossypii;
Brachycaudus helichrysi; Hyalopterus
pruni; (= Armeniaca vulgaris var. ansu) Myzus cerasi, mumecola, persicae,
umefoliae; [Phorodon
humuli, japonensis]; Rhopalosiphum
nymphaeae; P. armeniaca Apricot helichrysi,
persicae, prunicola; Hyalopterus
amygdali, arundiniformis, [pruni];
Macrosiphum
euphorbiae; Phorodon [humuli], humulifoliae; Pterochloroides persicae; (For a key to
common aphids on Apricot, see Blackman & Eastop 2000.) P. asiatica
= P. padus var. pubescens P.
atropurpurea see
P. cerasifera P. avium
Sweet Cherry, Mazzard Brachycaudus
cardui, helichrysi, prunicola, [schwartzi]; [Hyalopterus amygdali, pruni]; Macrosiphum
euphorbiae; Myzus cerasi,
cerasi spp.
pruniavium, mushaensis, persicae, [varians]; Nearctaphis
bakeri; Pterochloroides persicae; Rhopalosiphum
nymphaeae, padi, rufiabdominale; [Roepkea marchali] P. besseyi Brachycaudus helichrysi;
[Rhopalosiphum musae] P.
bokhariensis Hyalopterus amygdali;
Pterochloroides persicae P. brahuica Brachycaudus amygdalinus (= Amygdalus
brahuica) P. bucharica Brachycaudus
helichrysi;
(= Amygdalus bucharica) Brachycaudus amygdalinus, pilosus; Hyalopterus pruni; Pterochloroides
persicae P. buergeriana Inuzakura, Shirozakura P. caroliniana Carolina Cherry
Laurel P. cerasifera (incl. vars Cherry Plum cardui ssp. turanica, divaricatae, helichrysi, persicae, prunicola,
prunifex, [schwartzi], [semisubterraneus]; Hyalopterus
[amygdali], arundiniformis,
[pruni]; Rhopalosiphum
nymphaeae, padi P.
cerasoides Wild Himalayan Cherry
(=
Cerasus cerasoides) Aphis aurantii, gossypii, spiraecola; Brachycaudus helichrysi; [Greenidea symplocosis]; [Mollitrichosiphum nandii]; Myzus cerasi, ornatus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus; Prociphilus oriens; Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale; [Schizaphis graminum]; Tinocalloides montanus; [Tuberocephalus
?momonis] P. cerasus Sour Cherry, Morello Cherry Betacallis prunicola; Hyalopterus pruni;
[Hysteroneura setariae]; [varians]; Rhopalosiphum
[maidis], nymphaeae, [oxyacanthae];
Sinomegoura
citricola]; Tinocalloides
montanus; P. cornuta
(= Padus cornuta) Eumyzus
[darjeelingensis],
pruni, prunicola;
Hyalopterus pruni; Myzus
cerasi, cornutus [dycei],
mumecola, ornatus; Tumoranuraphis indica; Vesiculaphis
pruni P. davidiana Brachycaudus persicae; Hyalopterus amygdali;
(= Amygdalus
davidiana) Myzus cerasi, persicae, varians; Phorodon
humuli; Rhopalosiphum padi; Tuberocephalus
momonis P. divaricata Brachycaudus cardui, divaricatae, divaricatellus, helichrysi, persicae, prunicola, [schwartzi];
Hyalopterus
pruni; Rhopalosiphum
nymphaeae P. domestica Common or European Plum pomi, spiraecola; cardui ssp. turanica, divaricatae, helichrysi, [lateralis], persicae, prunicola, [schwartzi], [semisubterraneus]; Hyalopterus
[amygdali], pruni;
Hysteroneura setariae; Macrosiphum
euphorbiae, [rosae];
Myzus
[cerasi], lythri,
ornatus, persicae, [varians]; Nearctaphis
bakeri; Phorodon humuli; Pterochloroides
persicae; Rhopalosiphum
nymphaeae, padi, rufiabdominale (For a key to common aphids on Plum see
Blackman & Eastop 2000.) P. donarium
= P. lannesiana P. donarium
var. sachalinensis = P.
sachalinensis P. donarium var. speciosa
= P. jamasakura var. speciosa P. donarium
var. spontanea = P. serrulata var. spontanea
P.
duclouxii = P. yunnanensis P. dulcis = P.
amygdalus P. emarginata Bitter Cherry
Myzus cerasi, lythri P. erythrocarpa Aphidura bozhkoae;
Brachycaudus cerasicola, pilosus; (= Cerasus erythrocarpa) Hyalopterus
pruni P. ×fruticans Brachycaudus cardui P. fruticosa Aphidura bozhkoae;
Aphis craccivora; (= Cerasus fruticosa) Brachycaudus cardui,
cerasicola; Myzus
cerasi; Phorodon humuli P. glandulosa Aulacorthum solani;
Brachycaudus helichrysi; Hyalopterus pruni;
Myzus cerasi, persicae, varians; P. grayana Myzus persicae;
Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae, padi; (= Padus grayana) Tuberocephalus uwamizusakurae P.
hortulana Hyalopterus pruni
P. humilis (= Cerasus
humilis) Tuberocephalus jinxiensis P. incana (= Cerasus
incana) Aphidura bozhkoae
P. insititia Bullace, Damson
Brachycaudus
cardui, helichrysi, persicae, prunicola, [schwartzi],
[semisubterraneus];
Phorodon humuli;
Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae, padi (For a key to common aphids on Damson see
Blackman & Eastop 2000.) P. ishidoyana Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae, padi, rufiabdominale; P. itosakura
Tuberocephalus higansakurae, momonis, sasakii, (incl. var. ascendens) momonis, sasakii, tianmushanensis P. jamasakura Yamasakura (incl.
var. speciosa) Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae, rufiabdominale; P. japonica Aphis gossypii;
Brachycaudus helichrysi; (= Cerasus japonica) Myzus cerasi, persicae;
Phorodon japonensis; Rhopalosiphum
padi, rufiabdominale P. lannesiana Oshima-zakura
Rhopalosiphum padi, rufiabdominale; P. laurocerasus Cherry
Laurel Macrosiphum
euphorbiae; Myzus persicae Aphis spiraecola
P.
ledebouriana Brachycaudus amygdalinus, helichrysi; Myzus
cerasi P. leveilleana Tuberocephalus [momonis], persicae, sakurae, sasakii (incl. var. pendura) P. lyonii Aphis spiraecola
P.
maackii Myzus cerasi, padellus; Rhopalosiphum padi P. mahaleb Aphis craccivora;
Hyalopterus pruni; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;
Myzus amygdalinus, cerasi, lythri, persicae; P. mandshurica Aphis pomi;
Brachycaudus cardui,
helichrysi, prunicola; Hyalopterus [amygdali],
arundiniformis, [pruni] P.
maximowiczii Brachycaudus helichrysi; Prociphilus oriens; P.
melanocarpa = P. virginiana P.
microcarpa Brachycaudus amygdalinus, cardui, cerasicola,
pilosus P. mume (= Armeniaca
mume) Ume, Japanese Apricot Hyalopterus pruni;
[Mutillaphis
prunisucta L. Zhang & G. Zhang 2001]; P.
munsoniana Brachycaudus persicae; Myzus persicae P.
nakaii Aphis gossypii;
Rhopalosiphum padi,
rufiabdominale P. nana Aphis
craccivora, spiraecola; Brachycaudus amygdalinus, cardui, helichrysi,
prunicola; Hyalopterus [amygdali],
pruni; Myzus
cerasi, persicae; Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae, padi P.
napaulensis Aphis spiraecola;
[Schoutedenia
ralumensis];
(= Padus
napaulensis) Myzus ornatus, persicae; Sinomegoura citricola;
Tinocalloides montanus P. nigra Canada Plum
Myzus persicae;
Rhopalosiphum cerasifoliae P. padus (= Padus avium) Bird
Cherry Hyalopterus
pruni; Myzus asiaticus, padellus; P. pauciflora
= P.
pseudocerasus P. pendula = P. subhirtella P. pensylvanica Pin Cherry
P. persica Peach, Momo Aphis
aurantii,
fabae, gossypii, spiraecola; Betacallis prunicola; Hysteroneura
setariae; Longistigma xizangensis; Macrosiphum
euphorbiae; Myzus
cerasi, [cornutus],
persicae, varians; [Phorodon
japonensis]; [Phorodon
persifoliae Shinji 1922]; Pterochloroides persicae; padi,
rufiabdominale; Tuberocephalus
momonis, sakurae (For a key to common aphids on peach see
Blackman & Eastop 2000.) P. ×persicoides Myzus persicae P. petunnikowii Brachycaudus amygdalinus, cerasicola, helichrysi,
pilosus; Hyalopterus [amygdali], pruni P.
pissardii = P. cerasifera var. pissardii P. prostrata Aphidura libanensis; (= Cerasus prostrata) Brachycaudus cerasicola, pilosus P. pseudocerasus Kara-mizakura
(= Cerasus pseudocerasus) Myzus cerasi; Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale; [momonis], sakurae, tianmushanensis; Tumoranuraphis indica P. puddum = P. cerasoides P. pumila Brachycaudus cardui, [schwartzi]; Myzus
varians P. racemosa
= P.
padus P. sachalinensis Myzus cerasi; Prociphilus oriens; Rhopalosiphum maidis, padi, rufiabdominale; Tuberocephalus
sakurae, sasakii P.
salicina Chinese or Japanese Plum Brachycaudus
divaricatae,
helichrysi, persicae, [schwartzi]; [Capitophorus prunifoliae Shinji 1924]; Myzus
persicae, varians; Pterochloroides
persicae; Tuberocephalus liaoningensis P.
sargentii = P. sachalinensis P. scoparia [Brachycaudus bicolor] (= Amygdalus scoparia) P. serotina Black Cherry
Asiphonaphis
pruni; Brachycaudus prunicola,
schwartzi; Hyalopterus
pruni; Myzus cerasi, persicae; [Phorodon humuli]; Rhopalosiphum
nymphaeae, oxyacanthae, padi P. serrulata (incl. vars Japanese Flowering Cherry, Kwanzan Cherry,
Oshima-zakura glabra, spontanea) Brachycaudus helichrysi (form H3); Myzus
cerasi, mushaensis, persicae, siegesbeckiae; Rhopalosiphum
nymphaeae, padi; P. sibirica Brachycaudus
helichrysi, prunicola P.
sieboldii (?) Myzus cerasi; Tuberocephalus sasakii P. sogdiana
=
P. cerasifera P.
spinosa Blackthorn or Sloe Brachycaudus
cardui, divaricatae, helichrysi, [lateralis], persicae, prunicola, prunifex, [schwartzi], [semisubterraneus]; P. spinosissima Hyalopterus pruni;
Myzus persicae (= Amygdalus spinosissima) P.
ssiori (= Padus ssiori) Rhopalosiphum padi P. subcordata Brachycaudus helichrysi; Rhopalosiphum [musae],
nymphaeae P. subhirtella
Ko-higanzakura, Rosebud cherry (incl. var. pendula) Rhopalosiphum padi; Tuberocephalus higansakurae, [momonis], sakurae, tianmushanensis P.
taiwaniana =
P. subhirtella var. pendula P.
takenakae Tuberocephalus misakurae P.
tenella =
P. nana P. tianshanica Aphidura bozhkoae;
[Aphis cerasi Mukhamediev
1972];
(= Cerasus
tianshanica) Brachycaudus cardui, cerasicola, pilosus; Myzus cerasi, persicae P. tomentosa Yusura-ume sakurae, sasakii P.
triflora =
P. salicina P. triloba (= Amygdalus triloba)
Aphidura
bozhkoae; Brachycaudus helichrysi, pilosus, prunicola, [schwartzi]; Hysteroneura
setariae; Myzus cerasi; Phorodon humuli; Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae; Tuberocephalus higansakurae,
liaoningensis, sakurae P.
ulmifolia =
P. triloba P.
umbellata Aphis minima
P.
ursina Hyalopterus pruni
P. verrucosa Aphidura bozhkoae;
Aphis craccivora; Brachycaudus cerasicola, pilosus; Myzus
cerasi P. virginiana Choke
Cherry (incl. var. demissa) Myzus
cerasi, persicae; Rhopalosiphum cerasifoliae, padi P. yedoensis Somei-yoshino
Pseudomegoura magnoliae; Pyrolachnus imbricatus ssp. nipponicus; Tuberocephalus
artemisiae, liaoningensis, misakurae,
[momonis], misakurae, sakurae, sasakii P. yunnanensis [Vesiculaphis
pieridis (of Fang et al. 2008)] (= Cerasus yunnanensis) Prunus
spp. (unidentified) Aphidura iranensis; Aphis
chetansapa; [Capitophorus prunifoliae Shinji 1924
(a Phorodon?)]; [Greenidea bucktonis, prunicola];
[prunisuctus Zhang in Zhang & Zhong 1980a] Key to aphids
on Prunus spp. (not
applicable to fundatrices, except where stated):- 1 Cauda with a constriction so that the apical part
forms a knob. Anal plate indented or bilobed. SIPH are short, dark, truncate.
(All viviparous females alate) .....2 - Cauda rounded, triangular or finger-like, sometimes
with a constriction but not with an apical knob. Anal plate entire, rounded,
without indentation. SIPH of various forms, with or without hairs, or absent.
(Viviparae apterous or alate, rest of key applies to apterae except where
otherwise stated) .....3 2 Dorsal abdomen with paired
dark spino-pleural and marginal sclerites. ANT PT/BASE less than 1.2. R IV+V
a little shorter than HT II. SIPH shorter than their midlength width,
flangeless, with a single subapical hair. Anal plate strongly indented and
cauda with 11-17 hairs .....Tinocalloides
montanus - Dorsal abdomen without
paired dark sclerites, sometimes with narrow dark cross-bands on ABD TERG 4
and 5. ANT PT/BASE more than 1.3. R IV+V 1.5-1.7 × HT II. SIPH much longer
than their midlength width, with a thick apical flange. Anal plate weakly
indented and cauda with 5 hairs .....Tinocallis prunicola 3 SIPH as large pores on broad dark hairy cones .....4
- SIPH tubular or absent .....6 4 Dorsum with a double row of large pigmented spinal
tubercles. (Forewings of alata maculate, with a short blunt pterostigma .....Pterochloroides
persicae - Dorsum
without spinal tubercles. (Forewings of alata not maculate, pterostigma
elongate) .....5 5 BL
less than 5.5 mm. (Alata with pterostigma not reaching tip of wing) .....Pyrolachnus
imbricatus - BL
more than 5.5 mm. (Alata with pterostigma curved around tip of wing) .....Longistigma xizangensis* 6 ANT PT/BASE less than 0.3. SIPH absent, cauda broadly
rounded. (Forewing of alata with an unbranched media) .....Prociphilus oriens - ANT
PT/BASE more than 0.8. SIPH present or absent, if absent then cauda is not
broadly rounded. (Forewing of alata once- or twice-branched) .....7 7 SIPH
absent. Large marginal tubercles present on thorax and ABD TERG 1-7 .....Asiphonaphis
pruni - SIPH almost always present. Marginal tubercles
present or absent, if present usually smaller and on fewer segments .....8 8 Head
capsule smooth, wrinkled or rugose, but not ornamented with spicules or
nodules .....9 - Head capsule with spiculose (sometimes delicate) or
nodulose ornamentation .....40 9 SIPH small and thin, much thinner than cauda,
lacking an apical flange (figs. 88A, B) .....10 - SIPH not much thinner than cauda and usually with an
apical flange .....11 10 SIPH very thin, 2.5-4.0 × their maximum diameter (fig. 88A). (Spring migrant alata with total
secondary rhinaria on both ANT III 41-74, on ANT IV 9-21) .....Hyalopterus
pruni - SIPH
1.6-2.5 × their maximum diameter (fig. 88B). (Spring migrant alata with total
secondary rhinaria on both ANT III 21-41, on ANT IV 0-10) .....Hyalopterus
amygdali and arundiniformis;
see text) 11 SIPH
dark, smooth and conspicuously inflated over more than half length, with
maximum diameter of swollen part more than 2 × minimum diameter near base (fig. 88C) .....Tumoranuraphis indica - SIPH pale or dark, tapering, cylindrical, or if
swollen then swelling is confined to distal half and maximum diameter of
swollen part is less than 2 × minimum diameter of basal half, and surface is
rugose or imbricated .....12 12 Body
spindle-shaped, SIPH long (0.25-0.35 × BL) and with a subapical zone of
polygonal reticulation. Cauda finger-like. ANT III with 2-7 secondary
rhinaria near base .....Macrosiphum euphorbiae - Body oval or elongate oval, if cauda is finger-like
then SIPH are relatively shorter, and always without polygonal reticulation.
ANT III without secondary rhinaria .....13
13 Cauda
tongue- or finger-like or tapering, usually more than 1.2 × its basal width,
but if shorter then with pointed apex .....14 - Cauda bluntly conical, semi-circular or broadly
rounded, rarely up to 1.2 × its basal width, and never pointed ....26 14 Cauda long (more than 0.2 mm), conspicuously pale
compared with the black siphunculi, and bearing 4 hairs …..Hysteroneura
setariae - Cauda usually dusky
or dark, if pale then shorter than 0.2 mm and with more than 4 hairs .....15 15 Stridulatory mechanism present, consisting of a
conspicuous pattern of ridges on ventrolateral areas of abdominal sternites 5
and 6, and a row of short peg-like hairs on the hind tibia (fig. 122) .....16 - Stridulatory
mechanism not present, although peg-like hairs are sometimes present along
part of hind tibia .....18 16 SIPH much shorter than (0.4-0.6×) cauda (fig. 121O).
ANT PT/BASE 2.5-3.0 .....Aphis odinae - SIPH usually longer than (0.9-1.5×)
cauda (figs 121 P). ANT PT/BASE
3.5-5.0 .....17 17 Longest hairs on ANT III 12-27 µm long,
0.5-1.0× basal diameter of segment. Longest hairs on hind tibia up to 60 µm
long, less than 0.6× HT II. Cauda with 10-26 hairs (rarely more than 20). BL
often less than 2 mm .....Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii - Longest hairs
on ANT III 29-64 µm long, 1.5-2.0× basal diameter of segment. Longest hairs
on hind tibia 80-110 µm, 0.7-1.0×HT II. Cauda with 19-54 hairs (rarely less
than 25). BL usually more than 2 mm ..... Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus 18 Marginal
tubercle on ABD TERG 7 situated posterio-ventrally to spiracle (fig. 42H), appearing in perfect dorsoventral
view to be lateral to an anterio-posterior line drawn through spiracle. SIPH without a trace of a
subapical swelling or constriction .....19 - Marginal
tubercle on ABD TERG 7 situated posterio-dorsally to spiracle (fig. 42H),
appearing in perfect dorso-lateral view to be slightly mesial to an
anterio-posterior line drawn through spiracle. SIPH often with a subapical
constriction, proximal to which there is some degree of swelling …..22 19 Dorsal abdomen almost wholly covered by an extensive
solid black sclerite. Cauda black and
usually bearing 4-7 hairs (fig. 121N) .....Aphis
craccivora - Dorsal
abdomen without an extensive solid black sclerite. Cauda if black then usually with more hairs .....20 20 Cauda paler than siphunculi, with 4-8 hairs .....Aphis
gossypii - Cauda black like siphunculi, and usually with 8-24
hairs .....21
21 Cauda with a constriction just proximal to midpoint,
and usually bearing 8-12 hairs. Dorsal abdomen without any dark markings .....Aphis
spiraecola - Cauda without any constriction, and with 11-24
hairs. Dorsal abdomen at least with dark sclerites or bars on ABD TERG 7 and
8 .....Aphis
fabae 22 SIPH
more than 0.3 mm long (except fundatrix) and swollen proximal to subpical
constriction (fig. 88D). (Fundatrix with ANT PT/BASE more
than 2.0) .....Rhopalosiphum
nymphaeae - SIPH less than 0.3 mm long or, if longer, without
any discernible subapical swelling. (Fundatrix with ANT PT/BASE 2.0 or less) .....23 23 ABD TERG 8 with 4-6 hairs. Hairs on ABD TERG 1-4 all
more than 40 µm long with pointed apices .....Rhopalosiphum
rufiabdominale - ABD TERG 8 with 2-3 hairs. Hairs on ABD TERG 1-4
often with blunt or expanded apices
and less than 40 µm long .....24 24 SIPH less than 0.20 mm long …..Rhopalosiphum maidis - SIPH 0.20 mm long or longer …..25 25 SIPH 0.26-0.38 mm long (except fundatrix),
cylindrical, with no discernible subapical swelling (fig. 88E). ABD TERG 1-4 usually bearing some
spino-pleural hairs with pointed apices, longer than basal diameter of ANT
III .....Rhopalosiphum
cerasifoliae - SIPH 0.20-0.30 mm long, usually
slightly swollen proximal to the subapical constriction (fig. 88F). ABD TERG
1-4 with all spino-pleural hairs short and blunt or slightly capitate, none
exceeding basal diameter of ANT III in length .....Rhopalosiphum
padi 26 Spiracular apertures small and oval, partly occluded
anteriorly by an opercular plate. ABD TERG 1 and 7 always with well-developed
marginal tubercles .....27
- Spiracular apertures rounded, not or only slightly
occluded by opercular plates. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles absent
or only present if there are well-developed tubercles on other tergites ....29 27 Hairs on ANT III long and fine, mostly longer than
basal diameter of segment. ABD TERG 2-4 (as well as 1 and 7) with prominent
marginal tubercles .....Aphis
feminea - Hairs on ANT III shorter than basal diameter of
segment. Marginal tubercles not evident on ABD TERG 2-4 .....28 28 Very small aphid (BL less than 1.1 mm). SIPH less
than 0.18 mm long. Marginal tubercles on ABD TERG 1 and 7 elongate, much
longer than their basal width .....Aphis
minima - BL
usually more than 1.1 mm, and SIPH more than 0.2 mm long. Marginal tubercles
on ABD TERG 1 and 7 not usually longer than their basal width .....Aphis
chetansapa/longicauda 29 Cauda
very broadly rounded, less than 0.5 × its basal width. R IV+V only about 0.8 ×
HT II and usually bearing 4 accessory hairs. ABD TERG 8 (or 7 and 8) with
spinal tubercles .....Brachycaudus
(Thuleaphis) amygdalinus - Cauda more than 0.5 × its basal width. R IV+V at
least 0.9 × HT II and bearing at least 5 accessory hairs. ABD TERG 8 with or
without spinal tubercles .....30
30 First tarsal segments each with 4 hairs (i.e. 2
sense pegs between a long pair of hairs). Dorsal abdomen often extensively
pigmented with broad transverse bars, interrupted in the midline on at least ABD TERG 1 and 2,
and separated from marginal sclerites .....31 - First tarsal segments each with 2-3 hairs (0-1 sense
pegs). Dorsal abdomen pale or dark, but if dark there tends to be an
uninterrupted shield, fused across and between segments and sometimes incorporating
marginal sclerites .....33 31 Marginal abdominal tubercles (circular membranous
areas) on ABD TERG 2-4 mostly greater than 18 µm in diameter, often as large
as or larger than spiracles, with adjacent marginal hairs less than half this
diameter .....Brachycaudus
(Appelia) schwartzi - Marginal abdominal tubercles on ABD TERG 2-4, if
present, mostly less than 18 µm in diameter …..32 32 Longest
hairs on marginal sclerites of ABD TERG 2-4 are 12-60 µm long, often longer
than diameter of marginal tubercle (if
present) on same sclerite. Longest hair on inner side of ANT II 16-56 µm,
0.8-1.6 times longer than basal diameter of ANT III. Dorsal cross-bands
usually fused into a solid patch on ABD TERG 2-5 that connects on each side
with marginal sclerites …..Brachycaudus (Appelia) prunifex - Longest hairs on marginal sclerites of ABD TERG 2-4
are 4-15 µm long, usually less than half diameter of marginal tubercle (if
present) on same sclerite. Longest hair on inner side of ANT II 7-32 µm long,
0.4-1.0 times longer than basal diameter of ANT III. Dorsal cross-bands often
not completely fused intersegmentally and/or with a spinal gap, and not
connected to marginal sclerites, at least on ABD TERG 2-3 .....Brachycaudus
(Appelia) prunicola 33 Large flat marginal tubercles present on prothorax
and ABD TERG 1-7, those on ABD TERG 1-6 being much larger than spiracles and
occupying most of the marginal sclerites on which they are placed. Spinal tubercles (STu) present on pronotum
and ABD TERG 7 and 8. SIPH pale and smooth …..Brachycaudus
(Nevskyaphis) bicolor - Marginal tubercles if present not or hardly larger
than spiracles, and if on all of ABD TERG 1-7 then SIPH are dark. STu are
present or absent …..34 34 SIPH
more than 0.1 × BL and clearly more than 2 × cauda. Anterior part of
mesosternum with a pair of separate mammariform
tubercles .....35
- SIPH less than 0.1 × BL, about 2 × cauda or less.
Mesosternum usually without tubercles, (except divaricatae) .....36
35 R
IV+V longer than 0.18 mm. Dorsal abdomen variably pigmented, sometimes pale.
SIPH pale or dusky .....Brachycaudus
cardui - R IV+V shorter than 0.175 mm. Dorsal abdomen always
extensively sclerotised, black. SIPH black .....Brachycaudus persicae group 36 Body
elongate oval. Dorsal cuticle only lightly sclerotised, with bands on ABD
TERG 1-5 or 1-6 fused into a compact central elliptical rugose patch. SIPH
and cauda black …..Brachycaudus divaricatellus* - Body oval. Dorsal cuticle pale or dark, but without
a compact central patch. SIPH and cauda pale or dark .....37 37 Dorsal
abdomen pale (except fundatrix, which may have dark transverse bars). Cauda
about as long as HT II or longer. Dorsal abdominal hairs of variable length,
often short .....Brachycaudus
helichrysi - Dorsal abdomen dark, with long hairs. Cauda shorter
than HT II
.....38 38 Hind femora mainly dark. Dorsal abdominal hairs with
finely pointed apices. Marginal tubercles absent or small, never on all of
ABD TERG 1-7 .....Brachycaudus
divaricatae - Hind femora pale. Dorsal abdominal hairs thick and
stiff, with blunt or acute apices. Marginal tubercles often present ABD TERG
1-7 …..39 39 BL 1.1-1.7 mm. Dorsum of thorax and abdomen
entirely or mainly jet black sclerotic, but often lighter along the midline,
or with paler central area(s). ABD TERG 8, cauda, and often the head, quite
pale. Pronotum with a pair of pleural tubercles (sometimes duplicated on one
or both sides), in addition to large marginal tubercles. Marginal tubercles
are usually also present on all of ABD TERG 1-7 .....Brachycaudus (Mordvilkomemor)
pilosus - BL 1.7-2.1 mm. Dorsum with extensive smooth dark
sclerotic shield, including head and posterior abdomen. Cauda rather dark. Pronotum without pleural tubercles,
marginal tubercles variably developed …..Brachycaudus cerasicola 40 Frons convex, with antennal tubercles completely
undeveloped. SIPH with closely-spaced transverse rows of small spinules or
nodules .....41
- Antennal tubercles at least partially developed.
SIPH (if present) often heavily imbricated, but not with closely-spaced rows
of spinules .....42 41 Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width (fig. 89A) and about half as long as the short,
dark siphunculi. Tergum mainly dark (except fundatrices) .....Roepkea marchali - Cauda usually a little longer than its basal width
and similar in length to the short, pale siphunculi. Tergum pale or with
variable dark spots or patches .....Nearctaphis
bakeri 42 Anterior part of mesosternum with a pair of spinal
mammariform processes, ornamented with spinules (e.g. fig. 89B). Dorsum with variable dark markings
.....43 - Mesosternum without spinal processes. Tergum either
pale or dark
.....45 43 Dorsum without a continuous dorsal sclerotic shield;
thoracic tergites with sclerotic bands, and ABD TERG 1-5(7) with spinal and pleural
sclerites or patches, which may be coalescent. ABD TERG 2-4 frequently with marginal tubercles (MTu), and ABD
TERG 8 frequently with spinal tubercles .....Aphidura iranensis* - Dorsum with an almost continuous sclerotic and dark shield
on metanotum and ABD TERG 1-6(7), including marginal areas; and dorsum of other
thoracic segments with sclerotic dark bands. ABD TERG 2-4 with or without small MTu .....44 44 First tarsal segments with 4 hairs. SIPH variably pigmented, but
often as dark as or darker than dorsal shield. Sclerotic band on metathoracic
tergite often with a medial gap so that there is a window in the shield
between mesothorax and ABD TERG 1. ABD
TERG 2-4 without MTu. Mesosternal processes variable but often
well-developed (e.g. fig. 89B) .....Aphidura bozhkoae - First tarsal segments with 3 hairs. SIPH always much paler than
dorsal shield. Sclerotic band on metathorax without a medial gap so that
there is no anterior window in shield. Small MTu usually present on ABD TERG
2-4. Mesosternal processes very low .....Aphidura
libanensis 45 ANT III with 1-2 secondary rhinaria near base.
Antennal tubercles well developed with inner faces approximately parallel in
dorsal view
.....46 - ANT III always without secondary rhinaria. If
antennal tubercles are well developed then the inner faces are usually
gibbous in dorsal view or bear projections
.....47 46 Head, legs and antennae mainly dark; femora basally
pale but with distal part black. SIPH clavate. Cauda with a constriction .....Pseudomegoura
magnoliae - Head,
legs and antennae mainly pale. SIPH gradually tapering, cauda without a
constriction .....Aulacorthum
solani 47 ANT I with a scabrous protruberance on inner side
near apex. Antennal tubercles (except in fundatrix) with a forwardly-pointed
projection as long as or longer than its basal width. SIPH long, pale and
tapering .....48 - ANT I with inner side scabrous or smooth but not
protruberant. Antennal tubercles without a finger-like projection. SIPH
variable .....50 48 SIPH with distal part strongly curved outwards, swollen on the curve
and then narrowing abruptly, the narrow section being completely smooth, the
rest coarsely imbricated …..Phorodon
humulifoliae* - SIPH with distal part
slightly curved outwards but tapering gradually over most of length, there
being no abrupt transition to a smooth narrow apical section …..49 49 R
IV+V more than 1.3 × HT II
.....Phorodon japonensis - R IV+V less than 1.3 × HT II .....Phorodon humuli 50 Apterae (in galls or pseudogalls) with hairs on ABD
TERG 1-6 thick, rather spine-like, with distinctly tuberculate bases. Spring
migrant alatae without secondary rhinaria on ANT IV or V
.....51 - Apterae (in galls or free-living) with hairs on ABD
TERG 1-6 thin, blunt or finely-pointed, without or with only very small
tuberculate bases. Spring migrant alatae
with or without secondary rhinaria on ANT IV and V .....52 51 Dorsal cuticle strongly corrugated. R IV+V 0.8-0.9 ×
HT II. ANT PT/BASE 2.20-2.42 (except in fundatrices) .....Eumyzus
pruni - Dorsal cuticle not strongly corrugated. R IV+V
1.0-1.1 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 2.60-3.22 (except in fundatrices) .....Eumyzus
prunicola 52 Fundatrices and their progeny usually in closed or
almost closed bag- or sausage-shaped galls on leaves, and/or SIPH (if
present) with short hairs. Spring
migrant alata with 2-11 secondary rhinaria on ANT IV and often with 1-2 on V
(Tuberocephalus spp.) .....53 - Spring generations curling, rolling, twisting
or blistering leaves, but not in closed galls. SIPH without hairs. Spring migrant
alatae with or without secondary rhinaria on ANT IV and V .....64 53 Antenna of fundatrix 4-segmented. Rostrum (all
morphs) short (total length 0.23-0.29 mm). SIPH with moderately developed
flange .....54 - Antenna of fundatrix 5-segmented. Rostrum (all
morphs) longer (total length 0.33-0.53 mm). SIPH with large flange (Tuberocephalus
subgen. Trichosiphoniella) .....57 54 Fundatrix with R IV+V 1.25-1.4 × basal width of R IV. Spring migrant alata with R
IV+V 0.70-0.82 × HT II. SIPH 0.9-1.2 × cauda .....55 - Fundatrix with R IV+V
about twice basal width of IV. Spring
migrant alata with R IV+V 1.19-1.50 × HT II. SIPH 2.0-2.9 × cauda .....56 55 Fundatrix with 4
hairs on ABD TERG 8 that are
40-58 μm long, and dorsal cephalic hairs 33-40 μm long. Spring
migrant alata with ANT III bearing 3-8 secondary rhinaria, and ANT
PT/BASE 2.5-3.3 .....Tuberocephalus
naumanni* - Fundatrix with 2
hairs on ABD TERG 8 that are
27-36 μm long, and dorsal cephalic hairs 16-22 μm long. Spring
migrant alata with ANT III bearing 16-33 secondary rhinaria, and ANT
PT/BASE 4.1-5.4 .....Tuberocephalus
pakistanicus* 56 Fundatrix
with SIPH present. Spring migrant alata with SIPH 4.2-5.0 × their midlength
width .....Tuberocephalus sasakii - Fundatrix
without SIPH. Spring migrant alata with SIPH 3.2-3.9 × their midlength width .....Tuberocephalus artemisiae 57 Rostrum of spring
migrant alata 0.44-0.53 mm long. R IV+V 1.2-1.3 × HT II, which is more than
0.10 mm long .....Tuberocephalus liaoningensis - Rostrum of spring migrant alata 0.32-0.48 mm long. R IV+V
1.2-1.6 × HT II, which is less than 0.10 mm long .....58 58 Hind
tibia of immatures (of all morphs) lacking any dense spiculosity (rarely with
a few inconspicuous spicules near apex). SIPH with 0-3 hairs, often without
any. Spring migrant alata with secondary rhinaria distributed III 35-62, IV
13-22, V 0-5 .....59 - Outer
side of hind tibia of immatures (all morphs) densely spiculose. SIPH usually
with more than 2 hairs. Spring migrant alata with secondary rhinaria
distributed III 17-33, IV 4-11, V 0-3 .....60 59 Dorsal abdomen of spring migrant alata
without a central dark patch. Fundatrix with R IV+V 1.2-1.3 × HT II and ANT
PT/BASE 1.0 or less. (All fundatrigeniae alate) .....Tuberocephalus uwamizusakurae* - Dorsal
abdomen of spring migrant alata with a central dark patch. Fundatrix with R
IV+V 1.4-1.6 × HT II and ANT PT/BASE about 1.05. (Fundatrigeniae apterous and
alate) .....Tuberocephalus misakurae 60 Apterous fundatrigeniae with dorsal cephalic hairs
distinctly longer than basal diameter of ANT III .....Tuberocephalus
sakurae - Apterous fundatrigeniae with dorsal cephalic hairs
not longer than basal diameter of ANT III .....61 61 Spring migrant alata without a dark central
patch or broad cross-bands, sometimes with faint narrow cross-bands. Apterae
(incl. fundatrix) with tibiae scabrous or with spinulose imbrication along
entire length .....Tuberocephalus momonis - Spring
migrant alata (if known) with a distinct central dark patch or broad
partially confluent cross-bands. Tibiae of apterae (incl. fundatrix) with at
least basal 0.75 of length smooth .....62 62 Fundatrix with mostly dark antennae and legs.
Apterous fundatrigenia with pigmented dorsum .....Tuberocephalus
tianmushanensis* - Fundatrix
with antennae and legs mostly pale. Apterous fundatrigenia with pale dorsum
.....63 63 Apterous
fundatrigenia (the only morph described) with SIPH about 2 × longer than
basal width, about 1.8 × cauda, a little shorter than ANT PT and bearing 2-5
hairs .....Tuberocephalus jinxiensis* - Apterous fundatrigenia with SIPH more than 3 × basal
width, about 3 × cauda, a little longer than ANT PT and bearing 5-12 hairs .....Tuberocephalus
higansakurae 64 SIPH jet black distally with basal half
contrastingly pale, the transition between the two tones being rather abrupt.
Antennal segments also with contrastingly black apices .....Myzus varians - SIPH and antennal segments pale or dark but not
contrastingly two-toned .....65 65 Longest
hairs on ABD TERG 1-6 more than 20 µm long, with pointed apices, 0.8 or more
× basal diameter of ANT III. Hairs on ANT III with blunt or pointed apices .....66 - Longest hairs on ABD TERG 1-6 less than 20 µm long,
with blunt or expanded apices, usually less than 0.8 × basal diameter of ANT
III. Hairs on ANT III always with blunt apices .....68 66 SIPH
black .....Myzus (Prunomyzus) padellus
- SIPH pale or dusky .....67 67 R
IV+V 0.85-0.95 × HT II. Tibiae smooth. (Hind tibia of immatures weakly
spinulose) .....Myzus cornutus - R IV+V 1.1-1.2 × HT II. Tibiae with spinules or
imbrication at base. (Hind tibia of immatures smooth) .....Myzus mumecola 68 SIPH dark, thin, narrow-based (length more than 6 ×
basal diameter which is less than 0.06 mm), with a slight subapical swelling
(fig. 89C). Dorsal cuticle strongly corrugated .....Myzus siegesbeckiae - SIPH pale or dark, broad-based (length less than 6 ×
basal diameter, and/or basal diameter more than 0.06 mm). Dorsal cuticle
variable, sculptured or smooth .....69 69 Dorsum
fully covered with a solid blackish sclerotic shield with warty
ornamentation. SIPH jet black, long and tapering (fig. 89D) .....Myzus
cerasi / umefoliae - Dorsum
membranous or sclerotic, if sclerotic and rather dark then SIPH are not jet
black .....70 70 Dorsal abdomen with a distinctive pattern of dark
intersegmental markings, comprising pleural and marginal dashes or spots
between ABD TERG 1-4, and paired spinal dashes in front of ABD TERG 1 and between 4, 5 and
6. BL 1.0-1.7 mm .....Myzus
ornatus - Dorsal abdomen without such a pattern of markings.
BL 1.4-2.3 mm .....71 71 Dorsal abdomen with small dark scleroites at bases
of dorsal hairs. Cauda triangular, about as long
as its basal width, with 4-5 hairs
.....Myzus prunense* - Dorsal abdomen without dark sclerites. Cauda
tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width, with 4-9 hairs
.....72 72 Cauda with 4 hairs
.....73 - Cauda with 5-9 hairs
.....74 73 SIPH less than 0.4 mm long (fig. 89E), often wholly or distally dark .....Myzus
mushaensis - SIPH more than 0.4 mm long, pale ....Myzus amygdalinus* 74 R IV+V 0.83-0.92 × HT II. Dorsal cuticle sclerotic
and warty or corrugated, especially marginally .....Vesiculaphis
pruni* - R IV+V 0.9-1.4 × HT II. Dorsal cuticle membranous or
lightly sclerotised, smooth or wrinkled .....75 75 SIPH
dusky to dark, 0.15-0.18 × BL .....Myzus asiaticus - SIPH pale or slightly dusky, 0.19 or more × BL ....76 76 R IV+V 1.2-1.4 × HT II, with 2 accessory hairs. SIPH
about 3 × cauda which bears 5-6 hairs .....Myzus lythri - R
IV+V 0.9-1.2 × HT II, with 2-7 accessory hairs. SIPH less than 2 × cauda which
bears 6-9 (usually 7) hairs .....Myzus
persicae |