HOST LISTS and KEYS

- Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, or triangular but longer than or as long as its basal width. Head without, and ABD TERG 7-8 usually without, Stu ….16

12 SIPH less than 2 × their basal diameters, with close-set rows of fine spinules. Cauda bearing 9-16 hairs. R IV+V 0.24-0.37 mm, 1.3-1.8 × SIPH …..Anuraphis subterranea

- SIPH more than 2 × longer than their bsal diameters, with normal imbrication. Cauda bearing 4-8 hairs. R IV+V 0.13-0.19 mm, 0.5-1.0 × SIPH …..13

13 Longest hairs on ANT III fine-pointed, 30-63 μm, 1.2-1.7 × BD III …..Dysaphis lauberti

- Longest hairs on ANT III 6-23 μm, 0.4-1.0 × BD III …..14

14 SIPH 4 or more × longer than their basal diameters. Dorsal abdomen often with complete dark cross-bands on many or all of ABD TERG 1-8 …..Dysaphis bonomii

- SIPH less than 3.5 × longer than their basal diameters. Dorsal abdominal pigmentation never in form of complete cross-bands on ABD TERG 1-5 …..15

15 Ventral hair on hind trochanter 0.24-0.56 × (rarely more than 0.5 ×) width of trochantro-femoral suture (see Fig. 1). Longest spinal hair on ABD TERG 8 is 11-38 μm long (rarely more than 30 μm). ABD TERG 7 frequently with marginal tubercles (MTu)

…..Dysaphis apiifolia

- Ventral hair on hind trochanter 0.42-1.00 × (rarely less than 0.5×) width of trochantro-femoral suture. Longest spinal hair on ABD TERG 8 25-80 μm (rarely shorter than 30 μm). ABD TERG 7 rarely with MTu …..Dysaphis crataegi (incl. ssp. kunzei)

16 SIPH clavate. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) …..17

- SIPH tapering/cylindrical. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with Mtu …..18

17 Prothorax with ventral sclerite 1.3-2.6 × wider than long, with posterior margin often convex. SIPH 1.05-1.4 × cauda. (Alata often with secondary rhinaria on ANT V)

…..Hyadaphis foeniculi

- Prothorax with ventral sclerite 2.2-3.6 × wider than long, with straight posterior margin. SIPH 0.85-1.2 × cauda (Alata rarely with secondary rhinaria on ANT V)

…..Hyadaphis passerinii

18 Cauda bluntly triangular, hardly longer than its basal width. SIPH less than 0.1 × BL, shorter than or as short as R IV+V. ANT III and IV often with secondary rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE less than 2 …..Protaphis middletonii

- Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, clearly longer than its basal width. SIPH 0.1-0.25 × BL, longer than R IV+V. No secondary rhinaria (except when alatiform). ANT PT/BASE usually more than 2 …..19

19 Cauda pale or dusky, distinctly paler than SIPH, and bearing 4-8 hairs …..Aphis gossypii

- Cauda dark, as dark or nearly as dark as SIPH, and bearing 7-31 hairs …..20

20 ANT III 0.9-1.23 × cauda. ABD TERG 8 with 2 hairs, and usually no dark cross-band. Cauda usually with a distinct midlength constriction, and bearing 7-15 (mostly 8-12) hairs

…..Aphis spiraecola

- ANT III 1.25-2.8 × cauda. ABD TERG 8 with (2-)3-11 hairs, usually on or just posterior to a dark cross-band. Cauda usually without a constriction, and bearing 10-31 hairs …..21

21 R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT II. MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 only. Anterior half of subgenital plate with 2(-3) hairs. (ANT III of al. with 35-67 rather tuberculate rhinaria)

…..Aphis decepta

- R IV+V 0.8-1.4 × HT II, but if more than 1.1 × HT II then there are at least some MTu on ABD TERG 2-4. Anterior half of subgenital plate with 2-14 hairs. (ANT III of al. with 7-33 rhinaria) …..22

22 HT I with 3 hairs (sense peg present). ANT I dark, but ANT II pale or dusky, concolorous with basal half of III. Dorsal abdomen usually without any dark markings anterior to SIPH (except for dark intersegmental muscle sclerites). ANT III 1.05-1.95 × PT, (1.6-) 2.0-4.0 (-5.0) × R IV+V, and 1.5-2.9(-2.8) × cauda. SIPH 1.5-2.9 × cauda. (Al. with 14-40 rhinaria on ANT III) ..... Aphis asclepiadis

- HT I with 2 hairs (no sense peg). ANT I and II both dark, contrasting with III. Dorsal abdomen usually with some dark markings anterior to SIPH (in addition to dark intersegmental muscle sclerites). ANT III 0.65-1.3 × PT, 1.2-2.6 (-3.0) × R IV+V and 1.2-1.6 (-1.9) × cauda. SIPH 0.7-1.6 × cauda. ABD TERG 8 with 2-5(-7) hairs. (Al. with 10-23 rhinaria on ANT III) .....23

23 ABD TERG 2-6 bearing a total of 0-3 small MTu. Cauda with 11-24 hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 2-5(-7) hairs …..Aphis fabae

- ABD TERG 2-6 bearing a total of 5-9 often rather large MTu. Cauda with 20-31 hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 5-12 hairs …..Aphis brohmeri

24 SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Cuticle of head smooth, with inner faces of ANT tubercles divergent. ANT III with 1-7 rhinaria on basal half

…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- Head without subapical reticulation. Head spiculose, with inner faces of ANT tubercles scabrous and apically convergent. ANT III without rhinaria …..25

25 SIPH slightly clavate. ANT PT/BASE (2.8-)3.1-4.5. Dorsal abdomen without dark inter-segmental markings .....Myzus persicae

- SIPH tapering with a slight “S”-curve. ANT PT/BASE 1.75-2.8. Dorsal abdomen with a pattern of dark intersegmental markings …..Myzus ornatus

Patrinia Caprifoliaceae

Patrinia intermedia Aphis patrinicola, patriniphila, patvaliphaga, spiraephaga

P. rupestris Aphis patriniae, patriniphila

P. scabiosifolia Aphis patriniae, patrinicola, patvaliphaga, spiraecola;

[Uroleucon amamianum]

P. sibirica Aphis patvaliphaga

P. villosa Aphis patriniae

Key to apterae on Patrinia:-

1 Marginal tubercles (MTu) only constantly present on prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7. R IV+V 0.6-1.24 × HT II …..2

- Large dome-like MTu present on ABD TERG 2-4 (-5), as well as on prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7. R IV+V 1.38-1.68 × HT II …..5

2 SIPH and cauda mainly pale. R IV+V 0.6-0.7 × HT II. Cauda with 3-6 hairs. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.6 × BD III …..Aphis patvaliphaga*

- SIPH and cauda dark. R IV+V 0.7-1.24 × HT II. Cauda with 7-17 hairs. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.5-1.7 × BD III .....3

3 R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II. Hind femora mainly dark. Dorsal abdomen with variably developed sclerotic dark markings …..Aphis spiraephaga

- R IV+V 0.95-1.24 × HT II. Hind femora mainly pale. Dorsal abdomen never with dark sclerotic markings …..4

4 R IV+V 0.95-1.1 × HT II. SIPH usually shorter than (0.66-1.02 ×) cauda

…..Aphis patriniphila*

- R IV+V 1.01-1.24 × HT II. SIPH usually longer than (0.86-1.71 ×) cauda

.....Aphis spiraecola

5 Longest hairs on ANT III 12-18 μm long, 0.7-1.0 × BD III. Femoral hairs long and fine, up to c. 50 μm long, 2.5-3 × BD III and longer than basal diameter of hind femur. Cauda with 6-10 hairs …..Aphis patriniae

- Longest hairs on ANT III and on femora 6-8 μm long, 0.3-0.5 × BD III and much shorter than basal diameter of hind femur. Cauda with 4-6 hairs …..Aphis patrinicola*

Paullinia Sapindaceae

Paullinia pinnata Aphis spiraecola

Paullinia sp. Aphis gossypii

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Paulownia Scrophulariaceae

Paulownia coreana Aulacorthum solani

P. fargesii Macrosiphum euphorbiae

P. imperialis Macrosiphum euphorbiae

P. tomentosa Aphis gossypii, spiraecola; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus persicae

Paulownia spp. Aphis craccivora; [Cervaphis echinata]

Use key to polyphagous aphids

Pavetta Rubiaceae

Pavetta sp. Sitobion africanum

Pavonia Malvaceae

Pavonia candida Aphis gossypii; Aulacorthum solani

P. fruticosa Aphis craccivora

P. grandiflora Myzus persicae

P. hastata Myzus persicae

P. multiflora Myzus persicae

P. paludicola Sitobion cuscutae

P. spicata = P. paludicola

Key to apterae on Pavonia:-

- Head smooth with inner faces of ANT tubercles divergent. ANT III with 1-2 (-4) rhinaria. ANT III-VI, tibiae and SIPH wholly dark, contrasting with pale cauda. SIPH with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.11-0.16 of length …..Sitobion cuscutae

- Without that combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Paxistima Celastraceae

Paxistima myrsinites Macrosiphum opportunisticum;

Wahlgreniella nervata ssp. arbuti

Couplet to separate these two species:-

- SIPH cylindrical or only very slightly swollen on distal half, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. R IV+V 0.88-0.97 ×HT II …..Macrosiphum opportunisticum

- SIPH with distinct swelling of distal half, and without a zone of polygonal reticulation. R IV+V 1.33-1.51 ×HT II …..Wahlgreniella nervata ssp. arbuti

Pecluma Polypodiaceae

Pecluma pectinata Idiopterus nephrelepidis

(or try key to fern-feeding aphids under Polypodium)

Pectis Asteraceae

Pectis elongata var. floribunda Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Pectis sp. Aphis spiraecola

(Use key to polyphagous aphids,)

Pedicularis Orobanchaceae

Pedicularis achilleifolia Brachycaudus cerasicola

P. brachyodonta Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi

P. bracteosa Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Nasonovia alpina

P. canadensis Aulacorthum solani; Ericaphis wakibae

P. densiflora Myzus sp. (California; BMNH collection, leg. D. Hille

Ris Lambers)

P. dolichorrhiza Brachycaudus cerasicola

P. elongata Myzus cymbalariae

P. gracilis Brachycaudus helichrysi; Dysaphis microsiphon

P. grandiflora Aphis gossypii

P. groenlandica Macrosiphum valerianae; [Nearctaphis bakeri]

P. hirsuta Sitobion calvulum

P. lasiostachys Brachycaudus cerasicola

P. macrochila Brachycaudus cerasicola

P. oederi Brachycaudus cerasicola

P. olgae Brachycaudus cerasicola; Dysaphis emicis; Myzus persicae

P. palustris (incl. ssp. Aphis nasturtii, sibirica; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

opsiantha) Ericaphis wakibae

P. pycnantha Brachycaudus cerasicola

P. racemosa Nasonovia alpina

P. resupinata Aphis fabae, frangulae, gossypii, pediculariphaga,

septentrionalis;

Aulacorthum solani ;

Myzus padellus (as Cyrtomyzus pedicularis)

P. sceptrum-carolinum Myzus cerasi

P. sudetica Brachycaudus helichrysi; [Macrosiphum chukotense];

Metopolophium pedicularis

P. verticillata Hyperomyzus rhinanthi; Myzus padellus

P. violascens Brachycaudus cerasicola

Pedicularis spp. Aphis asclepiadis; Hyperomyzus luteus, zirnitsi;

[Illinoia sp. (Washington, USA; aphidtrek.org)]; Macrosiphum constrictum; Nearctaphis yohoensis

Key to apterae on Pedicularis:-

1 Cauda short and broad; bluntly triangular, helmet- or broadly tongue-shaped, shorter than or only a little longer than its basal width in dorsal view …..2

- Cauda either tongue- or finger-shaped and longer than its basal width or, if short and triangular, then tapering to apex and often with a slight midlength constriction …..8

2 Dorsal cuticle of head densely spiculose. SIPH pale with rows of spicules

…..Nearctaphis yohoensis

- Dorsal cuticle of head without spicules. SIPH pale or dark, smooth or with normal imbrication …..3

3 SIPH smooth, with a subapical annular incision. Spiracular apertures large and rounded. Spinal and marginal tubercles (STu and MTu) not usually present …..4

- SIPH imbricated, without a subapical annular incision. Spiracular apertures small and reniform. Some STu and/or MTu always present …..5

4 Dorsum with an extensive black shield. Longest hairs on ANT III 1.0-1.33 × BD III

…..Brachycaudus cerasicola

- Dorsum pale. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.5-0.7 × BD III …..Brachycaudus helichrysi

5 Head with a pair of large STu. Well-developed MTu present on ABD TERG 1-5, or 1-7

…..6

- Head without STu. MTu present on ABD TERG 1-4 and 7, or 1 and 7 …..7

6 STu present on head only. SIPH less than 1.3 × cauda, and less than half width of cauda at base …..Dysaphis microsiphon

- STu on all or most segments. SIPH more than 1.5 × cauda, and more than half as thick as cauda at base …..Dysaphis emicis

7 Longest hairs on ANT III 2.2-2.3 × BD III. ABD TERG 8 with 5-7 hairs, Cauda with 7-11 hairs. MTu present on ABD TERG 2-4 (-5) as well as 1 and 7

…..Aphis pediculariphaga*

- Longest hairs on ANT III 0.8-1.0 × BD III. ABD TERG 8 with 2-3 hairs, Cauda with 4-8 hairs. MTu usually only present on ABD TERG 1 and 7 …..Aphis septentrionalis*

8 Head spiculose, with scabrous, steep-sided, rounded or convergent ANT tubercles …..9

- Head smooth or with a few spicules ventrally. ANT tubercles either weakly developed or smooth and divergent …..14

9 ANT longer than BL, with ANT PT/BASE 3.0-5.5 …..10

- ANT 0.6-0.95 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE 1.8-3.2 (-3.5) …..11

10 Head without spicules dorsally, or with very few. ANT III without rhinaria. Tergum sclerotic and variably pigmented, sometimes with a dark central dorsal abdominal area. Cauda with 4-6 hairs …..Ericaphis wakibae

- Head densely spiculose dorsally as well as ventrally. ANT III with 0-4 rhinaria near base (usuallly 1 or 2). Tergum unpigmented. Cauda with 7 hairs …..Aulacorthum solani

11 SIPH pale, 8-14 × longer than their diameter at midlength, 0.65-1.3 × ANT III, normally imbricated, and slightly swollen on distal half. ANT 0.7-1.0 × BL, with PT/BASE 2.7-4.5. (Imm. with smooth hind tibiae) .....12

- SIPH dusky or dark, 3-9 × longer than their midlength diameters, 1-2 × ANT III, coarsely imbricated, and not at all swollen distally. ANT 0.6-0.8 × BL with PT/BASE 1.8-3.3. (Imm. with outer apices of hind tibiae spinulose) .....13

12 SIPH 0.65-0.85 × ANT III, 8-11 × longer than their diameter at midlength. Hairs on front of head 0.6-0.9 × ANT BD III .....Myzus sp. on P. densiflora, California

- SIPH 1.0-1.3 × ANT III, 11-14 × longer than their diameter at midlength. Hairs on front of head 0.3-0.6 × ANT BD III .....Myzus persicae

13 Tergum pale. SIPH slightly swollen on basal part, 2.2-2.7 × cauda, and less than 5 × longer than their width at midlength …..Myzus padellus

- Tergum with an extensive dark sclerotic patch. SIPH cylindrical, 2.7-3.3 × cauda, more than 6 × longer than their width at midlength …..Myzus cerasi

14 ANT III without rhinaria. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu) …..15

- ANT III usually with 1 or more rhinaria. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu …..16

15 SIPH 0.4-0.9 × cauda …..Aphis sibirica

- SIPH (0.8-)0.9-2.9 × cauda …..go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 30

16 SIPH smooth and markedly inflated over distal c.0.75, with maximum width of swollen

part 1.6 or more × minimum width of basal part …..17

- SIPH imbricated and tapering/ cylindrical …..19

17 Dorsal abdomen with a large black central patch …..Hyperomyzus rhinanthi

- Dorsal abdomen without a black patch …..18

18 Maximum diameter of swollen part of SIPH less than R IV+V or ANT VI BASE

…..Hyperomyzus zirnitsi

- Maximum diameter of swollen part of SIPH greater than R IV+V or ANT VI BASE

…..Hyperomyzus luteus*

19 ANT BASE VI 0.20-0.22 mm long. Distal 0.06 of SIPH with a band of polygonal reticulation …..Macrosiphum constrictum*

- ANT BASE VI 0.11-0.19 mm. SIPH either without polygonal reticulation, or with polygonal reticulation extending over at least distal 0.12 of length …..20

20 SIPH with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.12-0.29 of length …..21

- SIPH without polygonal reticulation …..22

21 SIPH pale, or only gradually darker towards apices. No presiphuncular sclerites

…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- SIPH entirely dark, or only pale at base. Small presiphuncular sclerites usually present

…..Macrosiphum valerianae

22 R IV+V 1.6-2.1 × HT II, with 12-18 accessory hairs. Longest hairs on ANT III 1.1-1.5 × BD III. ANT PT/BASE 5.8-6.8 …..Nasonovia alpina

- R IV+V 0.67-1.10 × HT II, with 4-9 accessory hairs. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.6 × BD III. ANT PT/BASE 2.2-3.9 …..23

23 ANT III with 0-1 rhinaria near base. ANT and dorsal hairs with pointed apices. R IV+V 0.10-0.11 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 2.2-2.9 …..Sitobion calvulum

- ANT III with 5-15 rhinaria extending onto distal half of segment. ANT and dorsal hairs with blunt apices. R IV+V 0.67-0.8 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 3.5-3.8 …..Metopolophium pedicularis

Pedilanthus see Euphorbia Euphorbiaceae

Pedilanthus tithymaloides = Euphorbia tithymaloides

Peganum Zygophyllaceae

Peganum harmala Acyrthosiphon gossypii, [pisum];

Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, [umbrella];

Brachyunguis [flavidus], harmalae;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae

Key to apterae on Peganum:-

1. SIPH pale, very long and attenuated distally, thinner than hind tibiae at their respective midlengths, 0.33-0.45 × BL and 2.5-3.5 × cauda …..Acyrthosiphon gossypii

- SIPH pale or dark, thicker and relatively shorter …..2

2. ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH pale or dark, longer than cauda

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids

- ANT PT/BASE less than 1. SIPH pale, much shorter than cauda …..Brachyunguis harmalae

Peiranisia Fabaceae

Peiranisia benitoensis = Senna benitoensis

Peireskia see Pereskia Cactaceae

Peireskiopsis see Pereskiopsis Cactaceae

Pelargonium Geraniaceae

Pelargonium australe (?) Acyrthosiphon malvae

P. crithmifolium Macrosiphum euphorbiae

P. denticulatum Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi

P. × domesticum Acyrthosiphon malvae

P. grandiflorum Acyrthosiphon malvae; Aulacorthum solani

P. graveolens Acyrthosiphon malvae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

P. hederaefolium Aulacorthum solani; Myzus persicae

P. hortorum Aphis gossypii; Aulacorthum solani; Neomyzus circumflexus

P. inquinans [Cryptomyzus ribis]

P. odoratissimum Acyrthosiphon malvae; Aphis fabae

P. peltatum Acyrthosiphon malvae; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus helichrysi

P. quercifolium Acyrthosiphon malvae

P. radula Acyrthosiphon malvae

P. violareum Acyrthosiphon malvae

P. zonale Acyrthosiphon malvae; Aphis fabae, gossypii;

Aulacorthum solani; Myzus persicae

Pelargonium spp. Aphis aurantii, [extranea Walker (nomen dubium)],

spiraecola;

Myzus ornatus, [targionii del Guercio (nomen dubium)];

[Pentalonia nigronervosa]

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Pellaea Adiantaceae

Pellaea calomelanos Micromyzella sleonensis

P. glabella (?) Macrosiphum adianti, walkeri; Neomyzus circumflexus

P. hastata = P. viridis

P. ovata Shinjia orientalis

P. viridis Idiopterus nephrelepidis

Pellaea sp. Macrosiphum woodsiae

Use key to apterae of fern-feeding aphids under Polypodium.

Peltandra Araceae

Peltandra virginica Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

Peltaria Brassicaceae

Peltaria alliacea Brevicoryne brassicae

P. turkmena Brevicoryne brassicae

Peltophorum Fabaceae

Peltophorum africanum Myzus persicae

P. ferrugineum = P. pterocarpum

P. pterocarpum Aphis gossypii; Tinocallis himalayensis

- SIPH in form of short, truncate cones. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed
.....Tinocallis himalayensis

- SIPH tubular. Cauda tongue-shaped, anal plate entire .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Pennisetum Poaceae

Pennisetum alopecuroides Brachysiphoniella montana;

[Melanaphis sp. (Japan - Moritsu 1983)];

Rhopalosiphum maidis, padi, rufiabdominale;

Schizaphis aurea; Tetraneura fusiformis, yezoensis

P. cenchroides = Cenchrus ciliaris

P. ciliare = Cenchrus ciliaris

P. clandestinum Hysteroneura setariae; Kugegania ageni;

Rhopalosiphum maidis; Schizaphis rotundiventris;

Sipha flava;

Sitobion pauliani, [Sitobion sp. (Millar 1994)];

Tetraneura fusiformis, yezoensis

P. flaccidum Sitobion avenae, miscanthi

P. giganticum (?) Rhopalosiphum maidis

P. glaucum Anoecia corni, cornicola, fulviabdominalis, vagans;

Aphis gossypii; [Dysaphis microsiphon];

Forda hirsuta, orientalis; Geoica utricularia;

Hysteroneura setariae; Melanaphis sacchari;

Protaphis middletonii;

Rhopalosiphum maidis, padi, rufiabdominale;

Schizaphis graminum; Sipha elegans, glyceriae, maydis;

Sitobion avenae, leelamaniae, miscanthi, pauliani;

[Slavum lentiscoides];

Tetraneura africana, basui, fusiformis,

radicicola/yezoensis

P. japonicum = P. alopecuroides

P. macrourum Rhopalosiphum maidis

P. mezianum Rhopalosiphum maidis

P. orientale Sipha flava; Sitobion avenae

P. pedicillare (?) Rhopalosiphum padi

P. pedicellatum Aphis gossypii

P. polystachion (incl. ssp. Aphis gossypii; Hysteroneura setariae;

atrichum) Sitobion africanum, indicum, pauliani

P. pseudotrichoides Sitobion africanum

P. purpureum Aphis gossypii; Hysteroneura setariae;

Melanaphis sacchari; Pseudaphis sijui;

Rhopalosiphum maidis; Sipha flava;

Sitobion avenae, bamendae, leelamaniae, papillatum,

pauliani, yakini, [Sitobion spp.(Essig 1958, van Harten

1972a)]

Tetraneura fusiformis

P. setaceum Pseudaphis arabica; Sitobion africanum, fragariae

P. setosum = P. polystachyon

P. trachyphyllum Hysteroneura setariae; Pseudaphis sijui; Sitobion yakini

P. typhoides = P. glaucum Forda orientalis; Melanaphis sacchari;

Rhopalosiphum maidis, rufiabdominale;

Sitobion leelamaniae, miscanthi

P. typhoideum = P. glaucum

Pennisetum sp. Tetraneura kalimpongensis

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Penstemon Plantaginaceae

Penstemon cordifolius = Keckiella cordifolia

P. diffusus [Aphis ramona]

P. fruticosus (incl. var. scouleri) Aphis sierra

P. glaber Aphis asclepiadis

P. gloxinioides Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus persicae

P. laevigatus Aphis fabae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

P. newberryi Aphis sierra

P. speciosus Aphis pentstemonicola

P. spectabilis Myzus persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus

P. vireus Aphis pentstemonicola

Penstemon spp. [Aphis solitaria]; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

[Hyadaphis foeniculi]; [Macrosiphum valerianae];

[Nasonovia alpina]; [Nearctaphis bakeri];

Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae

Key to apterae on Penstemon:-

1 ANT tubercles weakly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with well developed marginal tubercles (MTu). Cauda bluntly triangular, shorter than or hardly longer than its basal width in dorsal view, with 4-6 hairs. Often with large dark postsiphuncular sclerites and dark cross bands on ABD TERG 6, 7 and 8 (broadest on 6) …..2

- Without that combination of characters; i.e., if ANT tubercles are weakly developed and ABD TERG 1 and 7 have well-developed MTu then cauda is either tongue-shaped and clearly longer than its basal width, or bears more than 10 hairs

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids

2 ANT III-V usually with numerous secondary rhinaria. (Al. with secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 20-43, IV 12-20, V 5-9) …..Aphis pentstemonicola

- ANT usually without secondary rhinaria. (Al. with secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 11-18, IV 0-2, V 0) …..Aphis sierra

Pentacalia Asteraceae

Pentacalia amplexicaulis Illinoia davidsoni

Pentaglottis Boraginaceae

Pentaglottis sempervirens Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus helchrysi;

Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae;

Ovatomyzus boraginacearum

Pentaglottis sp. [Ovatomyzus chamaedrys]

Use key to apterae on Anchusa.

Pentalinon (including Urechtites) Apocynaceae

Pentalinon luteum Aphis aurantii, craccivora, gossypii

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Pentanema (including Vicoa) Asteraceae

Pentanema leptoclada = P. indicum

P. indicum Aphis gossypii

Pentaphylloides see Potentilla Rosaceae

P. ×friedrichsenii Myzaphis rosarum

P. fruticosa = Potentilla fruticosa

P. parvifolia see Potentilla parvifolia

P. phyllocalyx (?) Myzaphis rosarum

Pentapterygium see Agapetes Ericaceae

Pentapterygium serpens = Agapetes serpens

Pentarhizidium Woodsiaceae

Pentarhizidium intermedium = Matteuccia intermedia

Pentarrhinum Apocynaceae

Pentarrhinum insipidum Aphis nerii

Pentas Rubiaceae

Pentas lanceolata Aphis gossypii

Pentas sp. Aphis spiraecola

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Pentaschistis Poaceae

Pentaschistis minor = P. pictigluma var. minor

P. pictigluma var. minor [Pterasthenia shiraensis]

Pentzia Asteraceae

Pentzia incana Coloradoa rufomaculata

P. pilulifera = Oncosiphon piluliferum

Key to apterae on Pentzia:-

- Dorsal hairs spatulate or club-shaped (widening from base to rounded apex). R IV+V with a pointed apex and concave lateral margins. SIPH cylindrical for most of length, slightly swollen subapically. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.0 …..Coloradoa rufomaculata

- Dorsal hairs with pointed, blunt or slightly expanded apices. R IV+V with straight or convex lateral margins, and other characters not in that combination

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Peperomia Piperaceae

Peperomia pellucida Aphis gossypii

P. tenella Aphis gossypii

Peperomia sp. Myzus persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Pepo see Curcubita Cucurbitaceae

Pereskia Cactaceae

Pereskia aculeata Aphis aurantii, craccivora, fabae, nerii, spiraecola;

Myzus ornatus, persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Pereskiopsis Cactaceae

Pereskiopsis diguetii Aphis fabae; Myzus persicae

P. spathulata = P. diguetii

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Perezia Asteraceae

Perezia multiflora Aphis fabae

Pergularia (including Daemia) Apocynaceae

Pergularia daemia Aphis asclepiadis, aurantii, gossypii, nerii

P. extensa = P. daemia

P. tomentosa = Daemia tomentosa

Use key to apterae on Asclepias.

Pericallis Asteraceae

Pericallis cruenta see Cineraria cruenta

P. × hybrida see Cineraria cruenta

P. lanata Brachycaudus helichrysi

Perideridia Apiaceae

Perideridia parishii Hyadaphis foeniculi

Perilepta see Strobilanthes Acanthaceae

Perilla Lamiaceae

Perilla frutescens (incl.vars Aphis egomae, gossypii, nasturtii;

argua, crispa, japonica) Aulacorthum perillae, [siniperillae];

Macrosiphum perillae; Micromyzodium nipponicum

P. nankinensis = P. frutescens var. crispa

P. ocymoides = P. frutescens

P. sikokiana (=P. frutescens?) Aulacorthum perillae

Perilla spp. [Myzus siegesbeckicola];

Sitobion aulacorthoides, plectranthi

Key to apterae on Perilla:-

1 ANT tubercles weakly developed, ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu .....2

- ANT tubercles moderately to well developed, ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu …..4

2 SIPH pale or only dark at apices …..Aphis nasturtii

- SIPH entirely dark …..3

3 ANT 5-segmented .....Aphis egomae*

- ANT 6-segmented (except in hot-weather dwarfs) …..Aphis gossypii

4 SIPH with a subapical zone of reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of closed polygonal cells). Head smooth, or with minute spinules only on ventral surface. Abdomen with or without dark markings, but these not forming an extensive dorsal sclerotic shield …..5

- SIPH without a distinct subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Head usually spiculose both dorsally and ventrally. Dorsal abdomen with an extensive dusky/dark sclerotic shield …..7

5 Abdomen with continuous broad dark marginal stripes, united by a dark band across ABD TERG 6 …..Macrosiphum perillae

- Abdomen without extensive dark markings …..6

6 ANT III with 1-7 rhinaria on basal half , ANT IV with 0. ANT PT/BASE 5.5-6.4

…..Sitobion aulacorthoides

- ANT III with 4-15 rhinaria distributed over whole length, and ANT IV with 0-4. ANT PT/BASE 4.8-5.5 …..Sitobion plectranthi

7 ANT shorter than BL. ANT III without rhinaria …..Micromyzodium nipponicum

- ANT longer than BL. ANT III with rhinaria …..Aulacorthum perillae

Periploca Apocynaceae

Periploca glabra (?) [Aphis sp. (Bozhko 1976a: 72)]

P. graeca Aphis fabae, gossypii, nasturtii; Myzus persicae

P. laevigata (incl. ssp. Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae

angustifolia)

P. linearifolia Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

P. sepium [Aphis periplocophila]

Use key to polyphagous aphids, but note that there are Aphis spp. on Periploca, recorded from Ukraine and China, that could not be included in a key on the basis of available information (Aphis periplocophila would probably key to Aphis gossypii).

Pernettya see Gaultheria Ericaceae

Pernettya mucronata = Gaultheria mucronata var. microphylla

Perotis Poaceae

Perotis vaginata Hysteroneura setariae;

Sitobion graminis, [Sitobion sp. (Millar 1994)]

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Perovskia Lamiaceae

P. abrotanoides Brachycaudus cerasicola

P. atriplicifolia Aphis solanella

P. scrophulariifolia Aphis craccivora

Key to apterae on Perovskia:-

- Cauda semicircular to helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width in dorsal view. Spiracular apertures large and rounded. SIPH shorter than R IV+V. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu). Dorsal abdomen with an extensive black sclerotic shield …..Brachycaudus cerasicola

- Cauda not helmet-shaped, spiracular apertures reniform and other characters not in that combination …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Persea Lauraceae

Persea americana Aphis aurantii, craccivora, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola;

[Lizerius jorgei]; Myzus persicae; Sinomegoura citricola

P. bombycina = Machilus gamblei

P. bournei = Phoebe bournei

P. breviflora = Machilus parabreviflora

P. chekiangensis = Machilus chekiangensis

P. chinensis = Machilus chiensis

P. gamblei = Machilus gamblei

P. longipaniculata = Machilus zuihoensis

P. macrantha Aiceona pallida

P. odoratissima Aiceona manipurensis, pseudosugii, retipennis;

Machilaphis machili; Schizoneuraphis himalayensis

P. oreophila = Machilus oreophila

P. thunbergii = Machilus thunbergii

P. villosa = Machilus glaucescens

P. wangchiana Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

P. yunnanensis = Machilus yunnanensis

P. zuihoensis Sinomegoura citricola

Persea sp. Aiceona osugii (?)

See combined key to aphids on Machilus and Persea spp. under Machilus.

Persicaria Polygonaceae

Persicaria acuminata [Anoecia cornicola]; Myzus persicae;

Trichosiphonaphis polygoni

P. alpina Brachycaudus brevirostratus;

Capitophorus essigi, hippophaes;

Macchiatella rhamni (incl ssp. tarani)

P. amphibia Aphis fabae, middletonii, nasturtii, solanella;

Aulacorthum solani; Capitophorus hippophaes;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae;

Trichosiphonaphis polygonifoliae

P. amplexicaulis Aphis odinae; Tricaudatus polygoni

P. attenuata Capitophorus hippophaes

P. barbata Capitophorus mitegoni

P. bistorta Acyrthosiphon bistorti;

Aphis fabae, fabae ssp. cirsiiacanthoidis (?), solanella;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus amygdalinus;

Capitophorus hippophaes

P. blumei = Polygonum longisetum

P. capitata Aphis gossypii; Capitophorus hippophaes ssp. javanicus;

Myzus brevisiphon, formosanus; Sitobion miscanthi

P. chinensis Aphis spiraecola; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Capitophorus hippophaes ssp. javanicus, mitegoni;

[Greenidea bucktonis]; [Myzakkaia verbasci];

Myzus formosanus, ornatus; Sitobion miscanthi;

Tricaudatus polygoni; Trichosiphonaphis polygoni

P. decipiens Aphis spiraecola

P. dubia Capitophorus hippophaes

P. glabra Akkaia bengalensis;

Capitophorus hippophaes, hippophaes ssp. javanicus,

mitegoni;

Neomyzus circumflexus

P. hydropiper [Anoecia cornicola];

Aphis fabae, gossypii, nasturtii, spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani;

Capitophorus [elaeagni], hippophaes, hippophaes ssp.

javanicus, mitegoni;

[Cryptomyzus galeopsidis, ribis]; Kaltenbachiella nirecola;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae; Pemphigus sp.;

Protaphis middletonii; Prociphilus erigeronensis;

Sitobion miscanthi;

Trichosiphonaphis polygoni, polygonifoliae,

polygoniformosana

P. hydropiperoides Protaphis middletonii

P. lapathifolia (incl. Aphis fabae, nasturtii, [sambuci], spiraecola;

nodosa, pallida) Aulacorthum solani;

Capitophorus hippophaes, hippophaes ssp. javanicus;

[Cryptomyzus galeopsidis, ribis]; Protaphis middletonii;

Trichosiphonaphis polygonifoliae

P. longiseta Capitophorus [elaeagni], hippophaes ssp. javanicus,

mitegoni;

Trichosiphonaphis polygoni, polygonifoliae

P. maculosa Aphis craccivora, fabae, nasturtii, polygonata;

Aspidaphis adjuvans; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus amygdalinus, rumexicolens;

Capitophorus hippophaes, hippophaes sspp. dubius,

javanicus;

[Cryptomyzus ribis]; [Hyperomyzus nigricornis];

Macchjiatella rhamni ssp. tarani;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ascalonicus, [certus], persicae;

Protaphis middletonii

P. minor Aphis nasturtii; Capitophorus hippophaes, mitegoni

P. mollis = Polygonum molle

P. nepalensis Akkaia bengalensis, polygoni;

Aphis gossypii, nasturtii, spiraecola, [verbasci];

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Capitophorus hippophaes ssp. javanicus, mitegoni;

Epipemphigus imaicus; [Melanaphis arundinariae];

Myzakkia polygonicola, verbasci;

Myzus brevisiphon, ornatus, persicae;

Trichosiphonaphis polygoni; [Vesiculaphis polygonii]

P. orientalis Akkaia neopolygoni; Aphis fabae, gossypii;

Capitophorus hippophaes ssp. javanicus, mitegoni;

Kaltenbachiella nirecola; Pemphigus sp.

P. pensylvanica Capitophorus hippophaes; Pemphigus sp.;

Protaphis middletonii

P. perfoliata Akkaia bengalensis; Aphis nasturtii; [Aulacorthum sp.];

Capitophorus hippophaes ssp. javanicus, mitegoni;

Trichosiphonaphis gerberae, polygoni, polygoniformosana

P. pulchra Aphis spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani;

Capitophorus hippophaes; Myzus ornatus

P. sagittata Trichosiphonaphis polygoni, polygoniformosana

P. senegalensis (incl. var. Aphis gossypii; Capitophorus hippophaes, mitegoni

albotometosum)

P. senticosa = Polygonum senticosum

P. serrulata Akkaia neopolygoni; Aphis gossypii, spiraecola;

Capitophorus hippophaes ssp. javanicus;

[Matsumuraja capitophoroides]; Myzakkaia verbasci;

Myzus ornatus, persicae; Tricaudatus polygoni;

Trichosiphonaphis gerberae, polygoni, polygoniformosana

P. tinctoria Capitophorus hippophaes ssp. javanicus

P. vivipara Acyrthosiphon bistorti, [malvae], [sp. aff. knechteli];

Brachycaudus acaudatus; Capitophorus elaeagni;

Macchiatiella rhamni ssp. tarani;

[Macrosiphum chukotense]; Tricaudatus polygoni

P. wallichii Dysaphis microsiphon; Tricaudatus polygoni

Persicaria sp. [Aphis rumicis]

Use key to apterae on Polygonum, in which all Persicaria-feeding aphids have been included.

Persimmon see Diospyros Ebenaceae

Persoonia Proteaceae

Persoonia sp. Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Perymenium Asteraceae

Perymenium sp. Uroleucon astronomus, mexicanum

Key to apterae on Perymenium:-

(Both species have dark SIPH with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation.)

- Coxae pale like trochanters. Tibiae dark basally and apically with middle parts contrastingly pale .....Uroleucon astronomus

- Coxae dusky and at least partly darker than trochanters. Tibiae uniformaly pigmented

.....Uroleucon mexicanum*

Petasites Asteraceae

Petasites albus Anuraphis farfarae; Aphis nasturtii; Aulacorthum solani;

Capitophorus [elaeagni], similis; Dysaphis lappae;

Uroleucon tussilaginis

P. amplus = P. japonicus ssp. giganteus

P. fragrans Aulacorthum solani; Capitophorus similis;

Myzus ornatus, persicae

P. frigidus (incl. var. palmatus) Aphis torquens; Aulacorthum solani; Cedoaphis maxsoni;

Macrosiphum chukotense

P. georgicus = P. hybridus

P. hybridus Anuraphis farfarae; Aphis torquens;

Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi;

Capitophorus similis; Uroleucon tussilaginis

P. japonicus (incl. ssp. Aphis fukii, gossypii, odinae; Capitophorus similis;

giganteus) Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphoniella grandicauda;

[Macrosiphum petasitis Matusumura (nomen dubium)];

Myzus persicae, [varians]

P. kablikianus Aphis torquens; Aulacorthum solani;

Uroleucon tussilaginis

P. niveus = P. paradoxus

P. officinalis = P. hybridus

P. palmatus = P. frigidus var. palmatus

P. paradoxus Brachycaudus helichrysi; Capitophorus similis

P. spurius Anuraphis farfarae; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Capitophorus similis; Chomaphis mira

P. tatewakianus Aphis fukii, torquens

P. tomentosus Chomaphis mira

P. tricholobus Aphis fukii; Aulacorthum cirsicola;

Capitophorus takahashii; Myzus persicae

P. vulgaris Brachycaudus helichrysi

Petasites spp. Aulacorthum kerriae; Myzus ascalonicus

Key to apterae on Petasites:-

1 Dorsal hairs long and thick with knobbed apices …..2

- Dorsal hairs not thick, if long then with fine apices …..3

2 ANT III with 1-4 (-5) thick capitate hairs, c. 0.7-1.1 × BD III …..Capitophorus similis

- ANT III with c. 6 thick capitate hairs, longer than BD III …..Capitophorus takahashii*

3 ANT tubercles undeveloped or weakly developed …..4

- ANT tubercles well developed, so that there is a deep frontal sinus …..14

4 Cauda semicircular or helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width in dorsal view …..5

- Cauda tongue- or finger-like, longer than its basal width in dorsal view …..10

5 Prothorax with a pair of very large marginal tubercles (MTu), up to twice the diameter of the compound eye, and ABD TERG 1-5 also with very large MTu. SIPH long and flangeless, more than 7 × cauda, and bearing some small pointed hairs …..Chomaphis mira

- Prothorax if with MTu then these are smaller than compound eyes. ABD TERG 1-5 with or without MTu. SIPH less than 5 × cauda, and without hairs …..6

6 Cuticle of head densely spinulose. ANT III with 12-30 secondary rhinaria distributed over most of length, and ANT IV with 0-16 …..Cedoaphis maxsoni

- Cuticle of head without spinules. ANT III and IV without rhinaria, or if with rhinaria on ANT III then they are restricted to basal half …..7

7 Spinal tubercles (STu) present on head, prothorax and some of ABD TERG 1-8.

Well-developed MTu present on prothorax and ABD TERG 1-5 …..8

- STu and MTu absent, or rarely present on 1-2 segments …..9

8 ANT III with 6-19 rhinaria clustered near base. ABD TERG 8 without STu. SIPH with very close-set rows of fine spinules. SIPH 2.0-2.4 × cauda, which bears c.15 hairs

…..Anuraphis farfarae

- ANT III without rhinaria. ABD TERG 7 and 8 both usually with STu. SIPH with normal inbrication. SIPH 1.5-2.0 × cauda, which bears 5-7 hairs …..Dysaphis lappae

9 Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid black shield. ANT III 0.31-0.47 mm, 2.4-3.4 × HT II. R IV+V 0.17-0.24 mm. SIPH dark, imbricated, 1.7-3.4 × cauda

......Brachycaudus cardui

- Dorsal abdomen without a black shield. ANT III 0.07-0.25 mm, 0.9-2.2 × HT II. R IV+V 0.10-0.15 mm. SIPH pale, smooth, 0.8-2.0 × cauda ......Brachycaudus helichrysi

10 SIPH much shorter than (0.4-0.6 ×) cauda .....Aphis odinae

- SIPH at least 0.8 × cauda, and usually much longer .....11

11 Cauda pale or dusky. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.4-0.8 × BD III …..12

- Cauda dark. Hairs on ANT III long and fine, the longest 1.6-2.7 × BD III …..13

12 SIPH uniformly dark. Hairs on hind femur all shorter than diameter of femur at its base

.....Aphis gossypii

- SIPH usually rather pale, darker at apex. Hairs on hind femur mainly longer, some of them about as long as, or longer than, diameter of femur at its base .....Aphis nasturtii

13 SIPH 0.8-1.4 × cauda, which bears 16-21 hairs. Well-developed conical or hemispherical MTu present on ABD TERG 2-4 (-5) as well as 1 and 7. (Al. with 7-20 sec. rhinaria on ANT III, 0-4 on IV, 0 on V) …..Aphis torquens

- SIPH 1.7-2.1 × cauda, which bears 10-16 hairs. MTu only consistently present on ABD TERG 1 and 7. (Al. with 20-32 sec. rhinaria on ANT III, 5-11 on IV and 0-7 on V)

…..Aphis fukii

14 Cuticle of head smooth. SIPH with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.08-0.60 of length

…..15

- Cuticle of head spiculose, at least ventrally. SIPH without polygonal reticulation …..17

15 SIPH 1.5-1.8 × cauda, with reticulation on distal 0.5-0.6 of length. R IV+V acutely pointed, 0.7-0.9 × HT II, and bearing very long accessory hairs, much longer than the 3 subapical pairs …..Macrosiphoniella grandicauda

- SIPH 1.5-2.6 × cauda, with reticulation on distal 0.08-0.15 of length. R IV+V 0.8-1.5 × HT II, with accessory hairs of normal length …..16

16 SIPH dark at both base and apex, paler in middle, 2.1-2.6 × cauda. R IV+V 1.3-1.5 × HT II. Abdomen with crescent-shaped presiphuncular and large postsiphuncular dark sclerites

…..Uroleucon tussilaginis

- SIPH pale, or pale at base and gradally darkening distally, 1.5-2.2 × cauda. R IV+V 0.8-1.2 × HT II. Pre- and postsiphuncular sclerites absent …..Macrosiphum chukotense

(or possibly Macrosiphum euphorbiae? - see text)

17 Dorsum mainly dark and sclerotic, leaving only a large pale central abdominal region and small pale areas anterior to bases of SIPH. Cauda dark …..Aulacorthum kerriae

- Dorsum pale or with less extensive dark markings. Cauda pale …..18

18 ANT 1.6-1.7 × BL, which is 2.7-4.1 mm. Hind tibiae very long, 0.9-1.5 × BL. ANT III with 3-12 rhinaria in a row on basal half …..Aulacorthum cirsicola

- ANT 0.5-1.5 × BL, which is 1.0-3.0 mm. Hind tibia 0.4-0.8 × BL. ANT III without rhinaria or with 1-3 rhinaria near base ..…go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 5

Petiveria Phytolaccaceae

Petiveria alliacea Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus; [Microparsus olivei]

Petrea Verbenaceae

Petrea volubilis Aphis aurantii, gossypii

Use key to polyphagous aphids

Petrocoptis Caryophyllaceae

Petrocoptis pyrenaica = Silene glaucifolia

Petrorhagia Caryophyllaceae

Petrorhagia saxifraga Aphis ?craccivora, sambuci; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; Myzus ascalonicus;

Neomyzus circumflexus

Use key to apterae on Silene.

Petroselinum Apiaceae

Petroselinum crispum Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, solanella, spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Cavariella aegopodii, archangelicae, pastinacae,

salicicola, theobaldi;

Dysaphis apiifolia, apiifolia ssp. petroselini, [tulipae];

Hyadaphis coriandri, foeniculi;

Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon;

Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale;

Semiaphis heraclei; Uroleucon compositae

P. hortense = P. crispum

P. sativum = P. crispum

Petroselinum sp. Semiaphis sp. (Turkey; BMNH collection, leg. N. Tuatay)

Key to apterae on Petroselinum:-

1 ABD TERG 8 with a backward-pointing process above the cauda

…..Cavariella, 5 spp.; use couplets 2-14 of key to apterae on Angelica

- No supracaudal process …..2

2 SIPH very short, dark, slightly swollen and flangeless; 0.33-0.53 × cauda, shorter than R IV+V …..3

- SIPH pale or dark, 0.8-3.4 × cauda, longer than R IV+V .....4

3 Hairs on ABD TERG 8 about 16μm. SIPH 0.45-0.53 × cauda

.....Semiaphis sp. (Turkey, BMNH collection)

- Hairs on ABD TERG 8 31-41μm. SIPH 0.33-0.49 × cauda ….. Semiaphis heraclei

4 Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view …..5

- Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, distinctly longer than its basal width …..6

5 Head and ABD TERG 7 and 8 usually with paired spinal tubercles (STu). Spiracles small and reniform. SIPH c.2 × cauda …..Dysaphis apiifolia (incl. ssp. petroselini)

- Head and ABD TERG 7-8 usually without STu. Spiracles large and rounded. SIPH truncate, c.1.1-1.3 × cauda .....Brachycaudus helichrysi

6 ANT less than 0.5 × BL. SIPH slightly swollen distally, with a constriction proximal to the flange, and 0.6-1.4 × cauda …..7

- ANT 0.5-1.5 × BL. SIPH 0.8-3.4 × cauda, but if less than 1.6 × cauda then not swollen distally …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

7 SIPH clavate, 0.88-1.4 × cauda, 1.7-3.1 × R IV+V and 3.1-5.1 × longer than their minimum diameter on basal half …..Hyadaphis foeniculi

- SIPH barrel-shaped, 0.6-0.82 × cauda, 0.9-1.6 × R IV+V and 1.6-2.7 × their minimum diameter on basal half …..Hyadaphis coriandri

Petrosimonia Amaranthaceae

Petrosimonia brachiata Brachyunguis salsolacearum

P. brachyptera Aphis craccivora

P. sibirica Aphis craccivora

Key to apterae on Petrosimonia:-

- ANT PT/BASE 0.5-0.7. SIPH very short, 0.5-0.7 × the short conical cauda. Clypeus globose

..... Brachyunguis salsolacearum*

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1.8. SIPH more than 0.8 × cauda. Clypeus normal

..... go to key to polyphagous aphids

Petteria Fabaceae

Petteria ramentacea Aphis cytisorum

Petunia Solanaceae

Petunia ×alba Aphis craccivora; [Lipaphis pseudobrassicae];

Myzus persicae; Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

P. ×atkinsiana Macrosiphum euphorbiae

P. axillaris (incl. P. ×hybrida) Aphis craccivora, fabae, nasturtii;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae;

Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

P. integrifolia [Anoecia corni, himalayensis]; Aphis craccivora, gossypii;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; [Brevicoryne brassicae];

[Eutrichosiphum khasyanum]; Myzus persicae

P. violacea = P. integrifolia

Petunia spp. Acyrthosiphon malvae; Nasonovia ribisnigri;

[Paracletus cimiciformis]; [Rhopalosiphum maidis]

(The sticky hairs of Petunia may act as a trap for many aphids, resulting in spurious host records.)

Key to apterae on Petunia:-

- Thoracic spiracles enlarged, much larger than abdominal spiracles. ANT PT/BASE 7.0-11.4, usually more than 8.0. Hairs on ANT III 0.7-1.1 × BD III. Dorsum usually with paired dark intersegmental markings …..Nasonovia ribisnigri

- Without that combination of characters ..…go to key to polyphagous aphids

Peucedanum Apiaceae

Peucedanum aculeolatum = Afroligusticum aculeolatum

P. aegopoidiodes Cavariella theobaldi

P. alsaticum Aphis fabae, grosmannae, schilderi, umbelliferarum;

Cavariella aegopodii;

Dysaphis [crataegi], peucedani, uralensis;

Hyadaphis foeniculi; Semiaphis horvathi

P. arenarium Cavariella aegopodii

P. austriacum Aphis fabae; Aulacorthum solani; Cavariella aegopodii

P. baicalense Aphis fabae

P. carvifolia Aphis peucedanicarvifoliae

P. cervaria Aphis fabae, schilderi; Cavariella aegopodii;

Dysaphis apifoliia;

Semiaphis cervariae, horvathi, sphondylii

P. deltoideum = P. terebinthiaceum var. deltoideum

P. fraxinifolium = Steganotaenia araliacea

P. graveolens = Anethum graveolens

P. kerstenii = Afrosciadium kerstenii

P. japonicum Aphis gossypii; Aulacorthum solani

P. lubimenkoanum = P. alsaticum

P. morisonii Aphis [franzi], grossmanae, schilderi, umbelliferarum;

Dysaphis uralensis; Semiaphis horvathi

P. officinale Acyrthosiphon nigripes ssp. peucedani;

Aphis fabae, peucedani, schilderi; Aulacorthum solani;

Cavariella aegopodii; Defractosiphon franzi;

Semiaphis horvathi

P. oreoselinum [Anuraphis subterranea];

Aphis fabae, grosmannae, schilderi;

Dysaphis apiifolia, oreoselini, peucedani;

Hyadaphis foeniculi, passerinii;

Semiaphis anthrisci, cervariae

P. ostruthium Aphis fabae, [Aphis sp., Sweden (Ossiannilsson, 1964a)];

Cavariella aegopodii, pastinacae; Dysaphis apiifolia;

Semiaphis sphondylii

P. palustre Aphis fabae, grosmannae; Cavariella aegopodii;

Semiaphis anthrisci

P. pseudoreoselinum Brachyunguis peucedani

P. ruthenicum Acyrthosiphon [gossypii], nigripes ssp. peucedani;

Aphis umbelliferarum; Defractosiphon franzi;

[Semiaphis dauci, pastinacae]

P. sativum = Pastinaca sativa

P. terebinthaceum Cavariella japonica, konoi; Dysaphis deltoidei

(incl. var. deltoideum)

P. typherr (?) Aphis fabae

Peucedanum sp. Cavariella archangelicae; [Dysaphis taisetsusana (?)];

[Semiaphis coryspermi], [Semiaphis sp. (Bozhko

1976: 70)]

Key to apterae on Peucedanum:-

1 SIPH less than 0.9 × cauda …..2

- SIPH at least 0.9 × cauda …..10

2 ANT PT/BASE c. 0.6, PT being similar in length to SIPH …..Brachyunguis peucedani*

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5, and PT much longer than SIPH …..3

3 Cauda broadly conical or triangular, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view,

with 4-6 hairs …..4

- Cauda tapering, tongue- or finger-like, distinctly longer than its basal width, and often with more than 6 hairs …..5

4 Flat dome-shaped marginal tubercles (MTu) consistently present on ABD TERG 1-5 and 7

…..Aphis umbelliferarum

- MTu absent or inconspicuous, or not consistently present on any ABD TERG

…..Aphis peucedanicarvifoliae*

5 SIPH more than 0.6 × cauda, with or without a flange …..6

- SIPH less than 0.6 × cauda, flangeless, and usually curved towards midline …..7

6 SIPH tapering almost to a point, with a narrow, rounded, flangeless apex (Fig.41a). ANT III with 0-6 rhinaria on distal part, and IV with 1-7 (1-11 on III + IV if fused)

…..Defractosiphon franzi

- SIPH slightly swollen, with an apical flange (Fig.41b). ANT III and IV without rhinaria

…..Hyadaphis coriandri

7 SIPH very short and broad-based, 0.4-0.6 × as long as their basal widths (Fig.41c). R IV+V only 0.5-0.6 × HT II …..Semiaphis cervariae

- SIPH more than 0.8 × as long as their basal widths (e.g. Fig.41d). R IV+V 0.7-1.0 × HT II …..8

8 ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.5. Well-developed flat marginal tubercles (MTu) usually present on prothorax and ABD TERG 1-5, mostly much larger than spiracular apertures, and spinal tubercles (STu) usually present on ABD TERG 5-7 …..Semiaphis horvathi

- ANT PT/BASE 2.5-3.5. MTu and STu irregularly present, MTu rarely larger than the spiracular apertures, except on ABD TERG 5 …..9

9 Longest hairs on ANT III 15-20 μm, 0.6-0.8 × BD III. Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 30-50 μm, 1.0-1.7 × BD III …..Semiaphis sphondylii

- Longest hairs on ANT III 10-13 μm, 0.4-0.5 × BD III. Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 12-30 μm, 0.5-1.2 × BD III …..Semiaphis anthrisci

10 ABD TERG 8 with a backwardly-projecting process, sometimes reduced but always bearing a pair of hairs

…..Cavariella (6 species; use couplets 2-14 of key to apterae on Angelica)

- No supracaudal process. SIPH cylindrical or tapering …..11

11 Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view, and usually bearing 5 hairs. Head and often also ABD TERG 8, or 7 and 8, with spinal tubercles (STu) …..12

- Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, much longer than its basal width. STu absent from head and rarely present on ABD TERG …..16

12 Longest hair on ANT III 40-50 μm long, 2.3-2.7 × BD III. Pronotum with a pair of pleural hairs (lateral to the spinal pair) …..Dysaphis deltoidei

- Longest hair on ANT III 4-15 μm long, 0.2-0.9 × BD III. Pronotum without pleural hairs

…..13

13 SIPH 0.19-0.34 mm, 1.9-3.2 × cauda …..14

- SIPH 0.15-0.19 mm, 1.6-2.1 × cauda …..15

14 SIPH 2.7-3.2 × cauda …..Dysaphis peucedani*

- SIPH 1.9-2.5 × cauda …..Dysaphis apiifolia

15 All apterae to some extent alatiform with ANT III-IV (-V) bearing secondary rhinaria. Arms of mesothoracic furca separate …..Dysaphis uralensis

- Apterae without secondary rhinaria. Arms of mesothoracic furca united at bases

…..Dysaphis oreoselini

16 Head, ANT, tibiae, SIPH and cauda all entirely black. (Large, spindle-shaped aphid)

…..Acyrthosiphon nigripes ssp. peucedani

- At least ANT and tibiae have pale sections …...17

17 ANT tubercles weakly developed, head without spicules. SIPH dark .....18

- ANT tubercles well developed, head with or without spicules. SIPH pale or dusky

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 5

18 ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu). SIPH clavate, 0.9-1.4 × cauda

…..19

- ABD TERG 1 and 7 always with MTu. SIPH cylindrical/tapering, 1-3 × cauda …..20

19 Prosternal sclerite 1.36-2.6 × wider than long, often convex posteriorly. SIPH 1.05-1.4 × cauda. (Al. often with sec. rhinaria on ANT V) …..Hyadaphis foeniculi

- Prosternal sclerite 2.2-3.6 × wider than long, with posterior margin often straight. SIPH 0.85-1.2 × cauda. (Al. rarely with sec. rhinaria on ANT V) …..Hyadaphis passerinii

20 Cauda with 11-19 hairs …..21

- Cauda with 4-8 hairs …..22

21 ABD TERG 2-4, as well as 1 and 7, with well-developed MTu. Longest hair on ANT III 0.3-0.6 × BD III. Cauda with 12-15 hairs …..Aphis grosmannae

- ABD TERG 2-4 only irregularly with small MTu. Longest hair on ANT III 0.80-2.2 × BD III. Cauda with 11-19 hairs …..Aphis fabae

22 Cauda paler than SIPH, with 4-8 hairs. Longest hair on ANT III 0.4-0.8 × BD III. MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 small, less than half diameter of SIPH at midlength …..Aphis gossypii

- Cauda as dark as SIPH. Longest hair on ANT III 0.2-0.5 × BD III. MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 large, more than 0.5 × diameter of SIPH at midlength …..23

23 ABD TERG 2-4 as well as 1 and 7 regularly with MTu. SIPH 1.7-3.0 × cauda

…..Aphis peucedani

- ABD TERG 2-4 without or only irregularly with MTu. SIPH 1.0-1.7 × cauda

…..Aphis schilderi

Phaca see Astragalus Fabaceae

Phaca frigida = Astragalus frigidus

Phacelia Hydrophyllaceae

Phacelia circinata = Ph. secunda

Ph. hastata Pleotrichophorus amsinckii

Ph. heterophylla Aphis phaceliae; Myzus ascalonicus

Ph. nemoralis Abstrusomyzus phloxae;

[Amphorophora sp., Oregon (see aphidtrek.org)];

Aphis phaceliae; Myzus ornatus

Ph. secunda [“Nectarophora” sp. (Cockerell 1903, 17)]

Ph. sericea Brachycaudus helichrysi

Ph. tanacetifolia Aphis fabae; Myzus persicae

Phacelia spp. [Ericaphis sp., Idaho (see aphidtrek.org)];

Illinoia phacelia; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Key to apterae on Phacelia:-

1 Dorsal body (including front of head and ANT I –II) bearing numerous hairs with fan-shaped or capitate apices, and arising from tuberculate bases. R IV+V extremely long, thin and tapering, 1.75-2.0 × HT II ......Pleotrichophorus amsinckii

- Dorsal body hairs not fan-shaped or capitate, R IV+V not very long and thin .....2

2 Spindle-shaped aphid with ANT much longer than BL, and ANT PT/BASE more than 7. SIPH pale, c.2.5 × cauda, cylindrical or slightly swollen on distal part, with some indistinct subapical reticulation. R IV+V 1.6-1.8 × HT II and bearing 23-32 accessory hairs

…..Illinoia phacelia

- Without that combination of characters …..3

3 ANT tubercles weakly developed, and ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu). R IV+V 1.5-1.6 × HT II, longer than cauda and bearing 4-5 hairs

…..Aphis phaceliae

- Without that combination of characters; i.e. if ANT tubercles are weakly developed and ABD TERG 1 and 7 have MTu then R IV+V is relatively shorter and bears only 2 accessory hairs …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Phacelurus Poaceae

Phacelurus speciosus Sipha elegans, maydis

Use key to apterae on Poaceae under Digitaria.

Phaeomeria see Etlingera Zingiberaceae

Phaeomeria speciosa = Etlingera elatior

Phagnalon Asteraceae

Phagnalon rupestre Brachycaudus helichrysi; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus persicae

Ph. saxatile Aphis gossypii, spiraecola; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Myzus persicae

Ph. sordidum Brachycaudus helichrysi; [Macrosiphoniella helichrysi]

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Phaius (or Phajus) Orchidaceae

Phaius albus = Thunia alba

Ph. grandifolius = Ph. tankervilleae

Ph. tankervilleae Aphis fabae group (Brazil);