HOST LISTS and KEYS

[Both the species named are small aphids (BL 1.0-1.6 mm) of the taxonomically difficult A. frangulae group normally associated with species in other genera of Lamiaceae. It is possible that the records from Micromeria are of (an)other undescribed species.]

- Cauda pale. Total rostrum length (from base of protractor apodeme) 0.32-0.41 mm. ANT PT/BASE 2.0-3.2. SIPH 0.9-1.9 × cauda …..Aphis brunellae

- Cauda dark. Total rostrum length 0.24-0.33 mm. ANT PT/BASE 1.4-2.5.

SIPH 0.5-1.3 × cauda …..Aphis serpylli

Micropsis Compositae

Micropsis discolor (?) Sinomegoura citricola (Raychaudhuri 1984: 103)

Microseris Compositae

Microseris autumnalis (?) Uroleucon picridis

(= Leontodon autumnalis?)

Microsorum Polypodiaceae

Microsorum sp. Micromyzus katoi

Microstegium (including Psilopogon) Poaceae

Microstegium ciliatum Baizongia pistaciae; Ceratovacuna panici

M. crispulum (?) Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

M. nudum [Ceratovacuna sp. B of Takahashi 1958 (= lanigerum?)]

M. vimineum [Astegopteryx styracophila]; Brachysiphoniella montana;

Ceratovacuna nekoashi group; Kaochiaoja arthraxonis;

Sitobion akebiae, kamtshaticum, [rosaeiformis]

Use keys to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Microtropis Celastraceae

Microtropis discolor Sinomegoura citricola

Mikania Compositae

Mikania alba Aphis aurantii, spiraecola

M. cordata Aphis spiraecola

M. cordifolia Aphis aurantii, gossypii, spiraecola;

Neomyzus circumflexus

M. guaco Aphis spiraecola

M. hastata Myzus persicae

M. micrantha Aphis aurantii, coreopsidis, craccivora, gossypii,

spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Neomyzus circumflexus;

Pseudomegoura nipponica; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Uroleucon ambrosiae

M. ranunculifolia Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii; Aulacorthum solani;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Uroleucon ambrosiae

M. scandens Aleurodaphis [blumeae], mikaniae;

Aphis gossypii, spiraecola;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; Myzus persicae

Key to apterae on Mikania:-

1 Body elongate oval, sclerotic dorsally, with a crenulate margin due to a continuous fringe of wax glands. SIPH as pores with raised rims. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed

…..Aleurodaphis mikaniae

- Body oval or spindle-shaped, BL usually more than 1.5 mm, without a marginal fringe of wax glands. SIPH tubular. Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, anal plate entire …..2

2 Head, ANT I, II and basal part of III very pale, contrasting with dark rest of ANT. SIPH dark, 0.24-0.40 × BL, about twice as long as the much paler cauda .….Aphis coreopsidis

- Head and antennae differently pigmented. SIPH and cauda pale or dark …..3

3 Head dark and densely spiculose at least on ventral surface, with well-developed, steep-sided ANT tubercles. SIPH dark, and femora mainly dark ….. Pseudomegoura nipponica

- Without that combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Milium Poaceae

Milium effusum Forda formicaria; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Rhopalosiphum padi; Sitobion avenae, fragariae

M. schmidtianum Sitobion avenae

M. vernale Anoecia corni; Sitobion avenae; Tetraneura caerulescens

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Millettia Leguminosae

Millettia duria Aphis gossypii

M. eetveldeana Aphis craccivora; Pterasthenia matileae

M. japonica Aphis craccivora

M. reticulata Aulacophoroides formosana

(= Callerya reticulata)

M. thonningii Aphis craccivora

Millettia spp. Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aulacophoroides millettiae;

Pterasthenia shiraensis

Key to apterae on Millettia:-

1 All viviparae alate, with knobbed cauda and bilobed anal plate .....2

- Viviparae in colonies often mostly apterous; cauda tongue-like or finger-like, anal plate entire

.....3

2 Media of forewing unbranched. ANT IV and V pale except sometimes at apices. Hind tibiae pale …..Pterasthenia shiraensis

- Media of forewing once branched. ANT uniformly dark. Hind tibiae dark

….. Pterasthenia matileae

3 Frons with antennal tubercles weakly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu) .....4

- Antennal tubercles well developed, divergent. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu .....5

4 Dorsal abdomen of aptera with a large black sclerotic patch. Cauda dark like SIPH

.....Aphis craccivora

- Dorsal abdomen pale in cleared specimens. Cauda paler than SIPH .....Aphis gossypii

5 SIPH pale, attenuate, much thinner than cauda, with pale bases. Head and femora mainly pale

.....Acyrthosiphon pisum

- SIPH black, as thick as cauda and swollen in middle, arising from large dark sclerites. Head and distal parts of femora dark .....6

6 SIPH 2.1-2.3 × cauda. Cauda 1.7-1.8 × its basal width. Dorsal abdomen without broad cross-bands .....Aulacophoroides formosana

- SIPH 2.9-3.7 × cauda. Cauda 1.1-1.4 × its basal width. Dorsal abdomen with broad

cross-bands .....Aulacophoroides millettiae

×Miltonidium (Miltonia × Oncidium) Orchidaceae

×Miltonidium hybridum Aulacorthum solani

Mimosa Leguminosae

Mimosa nigra Aphis gossypii

M. pigra [Macrosiphum salviae]

M. pudica Aphis aurantii, craccivora, gossypii, odinae;

Myzus ornatus; Sitobion mimosae, takahashii

M. villosa [Hysteroneura setariae]

Mimosa sp. Anomalosiphum indigoferae

Key to aphids on Mimosa:-

1 SIPH with a subapical ring of hairs with expanded apices. ABD TERG 8 with hair-bearing backwardly directed processes .....Anomalosiphum indigoferae

- SIPH without hairs. ABD TERG 8 without hair-bearing processes .....2

2 SIPH with subapical polygonal reticulation .....Sitobion mimosae (or takahashii - see text)

- SIPH without polygonal reticulation .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Mimulus Phrymaceae

Mimulus aurantiacus Aphis costalis

M. calycinus = M. longiflorus ssp. calycinus

M. cardinalis Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Nasonovia alpina

M. floribundus Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

M. geyeri = M. glabratus ssp. geyeri

M. glabratus (incl. vars Aphis mimuli

geyeri, jamesii)

M. guttatus Aphis costalis, [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1974)];

[Cavariella aegopodii]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzodium mimulicola;

[Nasonovia sp. (Washington, USA; aphidtrek.org)]

M. jamesii = M. glabratus ssp. jamesii

M. lewisii Nasonovia sp. (California: BMNH collection, leg.

E.O. Essig)

M. longiflorus ssp. calycinus Aphis costalis

M. luteus Aulacorthum solani

M. moschatus [Nasonovia cynosbati]

M. ringens Aphis mimuli

Mimulus spp. Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Neomyzus circumflexus

Key to apterae on Mimulus:-

1 SIPH slightly swollen on distal part. ANT, legs, SIPH and cauda all mainly or entirely dark. Dorsal cuticle with a pattern of spicules arranged in polygons

…..Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

- SIPH not swollen distally and/or other characters do not apply …..2

2 Head nodulose with both median frontal tubercle and ANT tubercles well developed, so that front of head is W-shaped in dorsal view. Cauda with broad basal part and distinctly narrower distal part …..Myzodium mimulicola

- Head smooth or spiculose. ANT tubercles and median frontal tubercle not both well developed. Cauda not as above …..3

3 ANT tubercles weakly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu)

…..4

- ANT tubercles well-developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu …..5

4 R IV+V with 5-9 accessory hairs. SIPH 1.4-1.9 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 1.8-2.3

…..Aphis costalis

- R IV+V with 2 accessory hairs. SIPH 0.7-0.9 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 1.3-1.7

…..Aphis mimuli

5 Spiracular apertures on pro- and metathorax much larger than those on abdomen (which are partially covered by cowl-like opercula). R IV+V 1.4-3.5 × HT II and bearing 8-30 accessory hairs. Longest hairs on ANT III 1.1-1.5 × BD III. ANT III with 6-26 rhinaria on thickened basal part …..6

- Thoracic spiracular apertures not much larger than abdominal ones. R IV+V usually shorter and less hairy, and ANT III usually with shorter hairs and fewer or no rhinaria

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids

6 R IV+V 1.8-2.2 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 5.8-6.8 ..... Nasonovia alpina

- R IV+V 3.2-3.5 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 3.9-5.5

.....Nasonovia sp., BMNH collection, California

Mimusops Sapotaceae

Mimusops zeyheri Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Mindium see Michauxia Campanulaceae

Minuartia Caryophyllaceae

Minuartia laricina Aphis craccivora; [Staticobium loochooense]

M. micrantha (?) Aphis craccivora

M. peploides = Honkenya peploides

Mirabilis Nyctaginaceae

Mirabilis jalapa Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, nasturtii, [oenotherae],

solanella, spiraecola;

[Capitophorus hippophaes ssp. javanicus];

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus

M. multiflora Aphis asclepiadis

M. nyctaginea (var. angustifolia) Aphis asclepiadis

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Miscanthus Poaceae

Miscanthus japonicus = M. floridulus

M. floridulus Ceratovacuna lanigera; Melanaphis sorini (?– as sacchari)

M. ×giganteus Rhopalosiphum maidis; Sipha flava

M. purpurascens = M. sinensis

M. sacchariflorus Hyalopterus pruni; Melanaphis sorini (?– as sacchari);

Myzus persicae

M. sinensis Anoecia corni, fulviabdominalis;

Brachysiphoniella montana; [Cavariella gilibertiae];

Ceratovacuna lanigera; Hyalopterus pruni;

Melanaphis jamatonica, japonica, koreana, montana,

pyraria, sorini, yasumatsui;

Rhopalosiphum maidis; Sipha flava; Sitobion avenae

M. violaceus Hysteroneura setariae; Pseudaphis sijui; Sitobion graminis

Miscanthus spp. Melanaphis daisenensis, miscanthi, tateyamaensis;

Pseudoregma alexanderi;

Sitobion akebiae, miscanthi, [smilacifoliae];

Tetraneura fusiformis, radicicola

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Mitella Saxifragaceae

Mitella caulescens Macrosiphum tolmiea;

Nasonovia (Kakimia) sp. (stroyani? - Jensen 2000: 451)

Use key to apterae on Tellima.

Mitracarpus Rubiaceae

Mitracarpus hirtus Aphis gossypii

M. villosus = M. hirtus

Mnesithea see Hackelochloa Poaceae

Mnesithea granularis = Hackelochloa granularis

Mnium Mniaceae

Mnium cuspidatum [Schlechtendalia chinensis (imm. sexuparae only)]

Mn. hornum Muscaphis escherichi; Pseudacaudella rubida

Mn. insigne [Clydesmithia canadensis]

Mn. maximoviczii [Schlechtendalia chinensis (imm. sexuparae only)]

Mn. vesicatum [Schlechtendalia chinensis (imm. sexuparae only)]

Use key to apterae of moss-feeding aphids under Polytrichum.

Modiola Malvaceae

Modiola caroliniana Myzus persicae

Moehringia Caryophyllaceae

Moehringia malyi [Aphis frangulae]

M. trinervia Aphis sambuci; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycolus stellariae;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, stellariae;

Myzus certus, persicae

Use key to apterae on Stellaria

Moghania Leguminosae

Moghania macrophylla = Flemingia macrophylla

Mohria Schizaeaceae

Mohria lepigera Micromyzus sp. (2 oviparae)

Molineria Hypoxidaceae

Moilineria capitulata Pseudoregma sundanica

Molinia Poaceae

Molinia caerulea Anoecia corni; Forda formicaria;

Hyalopterus amygdali, pruni; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Rhopalomyzus lonicerae; Sipha glyceriae, maydis;

Sitobion avenae, fragariae

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Mollugo Molluginaceae

Mollugo nudicaulis Aphis gossypii

M. pentaphylla Aphis craccivora

M. stricta Aphis craccivora

M. verticillata Aphis spiraecola

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Molopospermum Apiaceae

Molopospermum cicutarium Aulacorthum solani; Cavariella aegopodii

M. peloponesiacum Aulacorthum solani; Cavariella aegopodii

Key to apterae on Molopospermum:-

- ABD TERG 8 with a backwardly-directed finger-like process above cauda. SIPH swollen on distal part. ANT PT/BASE 0.64-1.25 …..Cavariella aegopodii

- No supracaudal process. SIPH without swelling. ANT PT/BASE 4.0-5.5

…..Aulacorthum solani

(or try key to polyphagous aphids)

Molucella Lamiaceae

Molucella laevis Aphis gossypii; Aulacorthum solani;

[Brevicoryne brassicae]

M. spinosa Aphis frangulae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Momordica Cucurbitaceae

Momordica charantia Aphis aurantii, fabae, gossypii, nasturtii, odinae,

spiraecola, [umbrella];

Myzus persicae

M. cochinchinensis Aphis aurantii, gossypii

M. femea (?) Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Monarda Lamiaceae

Monarda didyma Aphis fabae, gossypii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

M. fistulosa (incl. vars alba, Aphis fabae, gossypii, monardae, neomonardae;

menthifolia) Aulacorthum solani; Hyalomyzus monardae;

Myzus ornatus; Ovatus crataegarius

M. punctata Aphis gossypii

Monarda sp. Aphis middletonii, nasturtii;

[Utamphorophora humboldti]

Key to apterae on Monarda:-

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 1.8. Head with ANT tubercles undeveloped, ABD TERG 1 and 7 with large marginal tubercles (MTu). R IV+V with 4-7 accessory hairs.

…..Aphis neomonardae

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1.7. If ANT tubercles are undeveloped and ABD TERG 1 and 7 have MTu then R IV+V has only 2 accessory hairs …..2

2 ANT tubercles well developed with inner faces apically convergent, or bearing apically convergent processes. R IV+V 1.3-1.7 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 3.0-6.0. ANT III without rhinaria. (Al. with secondary rhinaria on ANT IV) …..3

- Without that combination of characters, i.e. if ANT tubercles are well developed and apically convergent then R IV+V is less than 1.3 × HT II and other characters do not all apply …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

(but note that apterae running to either Aphis gossypii or Aphis nasturtii in this key may be Aphis monardae –see text under this name)

3 SIPH dark and swollen on distal 0.7. ANT and tibiae dark distally. ANT PT/BASE 3.0-3.5

…..Hyalomyzus monardae

- SIPH pale, tapering/cylindrical. ANT and tibiae pale/dusky. ANT PT/BASE 4.0-6.0

…...Ovatus craegarius

Monardella Lamiaceae

Monardella odoratissima [Aphis sp. nr. agastachyos (A. Jensen, aphidtrek.org)];

[Illinoia sp. (A. Jensen, aphidtrek.org.)];

[Macrosiphum sp. (A. Jensen, aphidtrek.org)]

Mondia (including Chlorocodon) Apocynaceae

Mondia sp. Aphis nerii

Moneses Ericaceae

Moneses uniflora Aulacorthum pirolacearum

Monnina (= Monina) Polygalaceae

Monnina sp. [Uroleucon erigeronense]

Monochoria Pontederiaceae

Monochoria hastata Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

M. hastifolia = M. hastata

M. vaginalis Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

Monotes Dipterocarpaceae

Monotes caloneurus Aphis craccivora, gossypii; [Sitobion sp.]

M. glaber Aphis gossypii

M. loandensis Aphis gossypii

M. pruinosa Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

(Use key to polyphagous aphids.)

Montanoa Compositae

Montanoa bipinnatifida Aphis gossypii, nasturtii, spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani;

[Macrosiphoniella sanborni];

Myzus ornatus, persicae, [siegesbeckicola];

[Myzakkaia verbasci]; Sinomegoura citricola;

[Uroleucon sp. (California, Leonard 1972a, 111)]

M. grandiflora Neomyzus circumflexus;

Uroleucon ambrosiae ssp. lizerianum

M. rosei Myzus persicae

Montanoa sp. [Aleurodaphis blumeae]; Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum

Key to apterae on Montanoa:-

1 SIPH dark with a distal zone of reticulation consisting of numerous small polygonal cells

.....2

- SIPH pale or dark, but if entirely dark then without distal polygonal reticulation

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids

2 R IV+V 0.85-1.1 × ANT BASE VI. ABD TERG 2-5 consistently with conical, dusky to dark marginal tubercles (MTu) .....Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum

- R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × ANT BASE VI. MTu absent …..Uroleucon ambrosiae

Montbretia see Tritonia Iridaceae

Montezuma Malvaceae

Montezuma speciosissima Aphis gossypii

Montia see Claytonia Montiaceae

Montia sibirica = Claytonia sibirica

Moraea Iridaceae

Moraea papilionacea Macrosiphum euphorbiae

M. robinsoniana = Dietes robinsoniana

(or use key to apterae on Iris)

Morella see Myrica Myricaceae

Morella cerifera = Myrica cerifera

Moricandia Brassicaceae

Moricandia arvensis Brevicoryne brassicae

M. nitens Myzus persicae

Use key to aphids on Isatis.

Morina Morinaceae

Morina coulteriana Aulacorthum solani; Rhopalosiphum staphyleae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Morinda Rubiaceae

Morinda royoc Aphis gossypii

Moringa Moringaceae

Moringa oleifera Aphis aurantii, spiraecola; [?Brachycaudus helichrysi];

Myzus persicae

M. pterygosperma = M. oleifera

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Morrenia Apocynaceae

Morrenia odorata Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Morus Mulberry Moraceae

Morus alba Aphis aurantii, citricidus, craccivora, fabae, gossypii,

spiraecola, [Aphis mori Clarke 1903];

[Brachycaudus helichrysi];

[Indomasonaphis anaphalidis]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus persicae

M. australis = M. nigra

M. nigra Aphis craccivora, spiraecola

Morus spp. [Brachyunguis harmalae];

Myzus ornatus; [Pemphigus sp.]

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Mosla Lamiaceae

One polyphagous aphid species, Aphis gossypii, is recorded from three Mosla spp.;

M. dianthera (= M. formosana), M. japonica and M. scabra (= M. punctulata).

“Mosses”

See under Polytrichum for a general key to apterae on mosses.

Mozartia see Myrcia Myrtaceae

Mucuna (including Stizolobium) Leguminosae

Mucuna cochinchinensis = M. pruriens

M. deeringianum = M. pruriens var. utilis

M. pruriens (incl. var. utilis) Aphis craccivora, fabae; Myzus persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Muehlenbeckia Polygonaceae

Muehlenbeckia australis Aphis cottieri

M. complexa Aphis cottieri

Muehlenbeckia spp. Aphis aurantii, gossypii, spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus rumexicolens; Myzus persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus

Key to apterae on Muehlenbeckia:-

1 Cauda very broadly rounded, not evident. SIPH short and conical, 0.03-0.04 × BL. Abdomen with dark cross-bands on ABD TERG (4-) 5-8 …..Brachycaudus rumexicolens

- Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped. SIPH longer, more than 0.1 × BL. Abdomen without or with different dark markings …..2

2 Head with median frontal process well-developed, scabrous, rounded. Femora black except at bases. SIPH and cauda both black, cauda bearing 8-11 hairs. R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II

…..Aphis cottieri

- Without that combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Muhlenbergia Poaceae

Muhlenbergia japonica Ceratovacuna nekoashi

M. mexicana Anoecia cornicola; Geoica utricularia;

Rhopalosiphum maidis

M. racemosa Anoecia corni

M. schreberi Hyalopteroides humilis; Prociphilus erigeronensis

Muhlenbergia sp. Schizaphis muhlenbergiae

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Mukia Cucurbitaceae

Mukia maderaspatana Aphis gossypii

Mukdenia Saxifragaceae

Mukdenia rossii Aulacorthum glechomae

Mulgedium (including Lagedium) Compositae

M. alpinum = Cicerbita alpina

M. macrophyllum = Cicerbita macrophylla

M. plumieri = Lactuca plumieri

M. roseum Acyrthosiphon ilka; Uroleucon chondrillae, mulgedii

M. tataricum Acyrthosiphon ilka, lactucae;

Aphis astrakhanica, craccivora, fabae, solanella;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Hyperomyzus lactucae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Pemphigus bursarius; [Protaphis carthami];

Uroleucon formosanum, mulgedii

Mulgedium sp. Uroleucon ambrosiae

Use key to apterae on Lactuca.

Mulinum Apiaceae

Mulinum spinosum Aphis martinezi, mulini, mulinicola, paravanoi, roberti,

vurilocensis;

Capraphis blackmani; Hyadaphis coriandri

Key to apterae on Mulinum:-

1 Ocular tubercle (triommatidium) not evident …..Capraphis blackmani

- Ocular tubercle (triommatidium) evident as a projection behind compound eye …..2

2 Cauda pale/dusky, SIPH pale or dark. Dorsal abdomen without dark sclerotisation anterior to SIPH …..3

- Cauda and SIPH both dark. Dorsal abdomen usually with some dark sclerotisation anterior to SIPH …..4

3 SIPH 0.6-0.82 × cauda, dark and slightly swollen distally, with a constriction proximal to the well-developed flange. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu). Genital plate with 6-13 hairs on posterior part …..Hyadaphis coriandri

- SIPH 1.0-1.2 × cauda, mainly pale, tapering, with no subapical constriction and a small flange. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with large MTu. Genital plate often without any hairs on posterior part …..Aphis paravanoi

4 ABD TERG 1-4 (but not 7) with large dome-like MTu. SIPH at most 0.5 × cauda

…..Aphis vurilocensis

- MTu always present on ABD TERG 1 and 7, rarely with small papilliform tubercles on 2-4. SIPH 0.6-1.5 × cauda …..5

5 Longest hairs on ANT III 5-13 μm, and on ABD TERG 3 4-20 μm long. Dorsal abdomen unsclerotised or with only small sclerotic areas. Cauda triangular …..Aphis martinez

- Longest hairs on ANT III 10-35 μm, and on ABD TERG 3 13-40 μm long. Dorsal abdomen with variably developed, often extensive sclerotisation. Cauda finger-like …..6

6 Longest hairs on ANT III 10-20 μm, much shorter than BD III, on ABD TERG 3 13-28 μm, and on ABD TERG 8 13-45 μm long. Cauda rather thin, with 4-10 hairs …..Aphis roberti

- Longest hairs on ANT III and ABD TERG 3 are 30-35 μm, as long as or longer than BD III, and longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 50-60 μm long. Cauda with 8-14 hairs …..7

7 ANT PT/BASE 1.5-1.8. SIPH more than 4 × longer than their width at midlength, and

1.3-1.5 × cauda. Cauda 0.27-0.32 mm long, with 10-14 hairs …..Aphis mulini

- ANT PT/BASE 0.9-1.2. SIPH and cauda both rather short and thick; SIPH less than 3 × longer than their width at midlength, and 0.8-1.1 × cauda. Cauda 0.17-0.20 mm long, with 8-10 hairs …..Aphis mulinicola

Mundulea Leguminosae

Mundulea sericea Aphis craccivora, gossypii

M. suberosa Acyrthosiphon pisum

- Antennal tubercles well developed, smooth, divergent. SIPH mainly pale, broad-based, distally thin and cylindrical .....Acyrthosiphon pisum

- Without that combination of characters .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Muntingia Muntingiaceae

Muntingia calabura Aphis gossypii, spiraecola

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Murdannia Commelinaceae

Murdannia keisak [Rhopalosiphoninus sp. (Moritsu 1983: 315)]

M. nudiflora Aphis gossypii

Muretia Apiaceae

Muretia fragrantissima = Galagania fragrantissima

Muretia transitoria = Elaeosticta transitoria

Murraya Rutaceae

Murraya exotica Sinomegoura citricola

M. koenigii Sinomegoura citricola

M. paniculata Aphis aurantii, citricidus, craccivora, gossypii, odinae,

spiraecola;

Myzus persicae; Sinomegoura citricola

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Musa Musaceae

Musa acuminata Aphis fabae; Pentalonia nigronervosa

M. balbisiana Pentalonia nigronervosa

M. basjoo Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae; Sinomegoura citricola

M. cavendishii = M. acuminata

M. ensete = Ensete ventricosum

M. formosana Pentalonia nigronervosa

M. nana Pentalonia nigronervosa

M. ×paradisiaca [Acyrthosiphon pisum]; Aphis gossypii;

Cerataphis brasiliensis; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Myzus persicae; Pentalonia nigronervosa;

[Schoutedenia ralumensis]; [Tetraneura nigriabdominalis]

M. rosacea = M. balbisiana

M. ×sapientum Aphis aurantii, odinae, spiraecola;

Astegopteryx [nipae], styracophila;

Cerataphis brasiliensis; Pentalonia nigronervosa;

Rhopalosiphum enigmae, musae, rufiabdominale

M. superba = Ensete superbum Pentalonia nigronervosa

M. textilis Pentalonia nigronervosa

Musa spp. Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus helichrysi; Dysaphis tulipae;

[Pentalonia caladii]; Pseudoregma nicolaiae];

Rhopalosiphum maidis

Key to apterae on Musa (and Ensete):-

1 Head with a pair of forwardly-directed horns between ANT bases. Eyes 3-faceted. Marginal wax glands evident. SIPH as pores .....2

- No frontal horns. Eyes multifaceted. No evident wax glands. SIPH tubular .....3

2 Body dorso-ventrally flattened, almost circular, wholly sclerotic with a continuous crenulate margin of wax glands. Head fused with 3 thoracic tergites, and ABD TERG 1-7 fused

…..Cerataphis brasiliensis

- Body not dorso-ventrally flattened, pear-shaped, not sclerotic, with marginal wax glands divided into segmental groups. Head fused with prothorax, other tergites free

…..Astegopteryx styracophila

3 SIPH and femora covered with irregular, transverse rows of spicules. ANT PT/BASE 5.8-8.1. (Alata with dark-bordered wing veins, with radius and costa fused for part of lengths to form a closed cell behind the pterostigma) …..Pentalonia nigronervosa

- SIPH and femora smooth or imbricated, not markedly spiculose. ANT PT/BASE 1.4-5.8. (Alata with normal wing venation, veins not dark-bordered) …..4

4 Cauda helmet-shaped, a little shorter than its basal width …..5

- Cauda tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width in dorsal view …..6

5 SIPH pale, smooth, with a marked subapical annular incision. Spiracular apertures large and rounded. Spinal tubercles (STu) absent …..Brachycaudus helichrysi

- SIPH dark, imbricated, without a subapical incision. Spiracular apertures reniform. Spinal tubercles (STu) present on head and ABD TERG 8, or 7 and 8 …..Dysaphis tulipae

6 Dorsal cuticle with a reticulate pattern of spicules. SIPH cylindrical on basal part, slightly swollen on distal part, with a smooth constricted subapical region …..7

- Dorsal cuticle without spicules, or with spiculosity localised, not forming a reticulate pattern. SIPH tapering on basal part, and tapering, cylindrical or swollen on distal part, without a smooth constricted subapical region …..10

7 ANT PT/BASE less than 3. Body rather elongate …..Rhopalosiphum maidis

- ANT PT/BASE more than 3. Body oval …..8

8 ANT usually 5-segmented, with long hairs. ANT PT usually distinctly curved, and longer than ANT III (or III + IV together if ANT is 6-segmented)

…..Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

- ANT 5- or 6-segmented, with short hairs. ANT PT usually straight and shorter than ANT III + IV (or III alone if ANT 5-segmented) …..9

9 ANT PT/BASE 3.0-3.9. SIPH less than 3 × longer than width at midlength, 1.1-1.6 × cauda

…..Rhopalosiphum musae

- ANT PT/BASE 4.3-5.0. SIPH more than 3 × longer than width at midlength, 1.8-2.4 × cauda

…..Rhopalosiphum enigmae

10 SIPH black with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation, 2.0-2.2 × cauda. Dorsal abdomen with a dark irregular central sclerite. ANT III-VI entirely dark

.....Sitobion sp. on Ensete ventricosum (Ethiopia, BMNH collection, leg. T. Abate)

- Without that combination of characters .....11

11 SIPH pale, tapering/cylindrical, without swelling or subapical polygonal reticulation. ANT III with 1-3 rhinaria near base. Head cuticle smooth with ANT tubercles divergent, and median frontal tubercle evident …..Metopolophium dirhodum

- Without that combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Muscari Asparagaceae

Muscari comosum Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Muscari spp. Aphis gossypii; Dysaphis tulipae

Key to apterae on Muscari:-

- Cauda helmet-shaped, a little shorter than its basal width in dorsal view. Spinal tubercles (STu) present on head and ABD TERG 8, or 7 and 8 …..Dysaphis tulipae

- Cauda tongue-shaped, much longer than its basal width. STu absent from head, and rarely on ABD TERG 8 …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Musineon (= Musenium) Apiaceae

Musineon tenuifolium Aphis asclepiadis

Mussaenda Rubiaceae

Mussaenda arcuata Aphis gossypii

M. frondosa Aphis aurantii, gossypii, odinae

M. philippica Aphis odinae

Mussaenda spp. Aphis craccivora, spiraecola; Myzus persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Musschia Campanulaceae

Musschia isambertoi Uroleucon cf. nigrocampanulae (see Aguiar et al. 2013)

Mutisia Compositae

Mutisia spinosa Uroleucon patagonicum

Myagrum Brassicaceae

Myagrum perfoliatum Brevicoryne brassicae

Mycelis Compositae

Mycelis muralis Acyrthosiphon lactucae; Aphis fabae;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Nasonovia ribisnigri;

Pemphigus bursarius;

Uroleucon cichorii, murale, [rudbeckiae]

Use key to apterae on Lactuca.

Myoporum Myoporaceae

Myoporum acuminatum Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae

M. insulare Myzus persicae

M. laetum Aphis gossypii

M. “pictum” Aphis gossypii, [myopori]

M. sandwicense [Aphis sp. (Hawaii, BMNH collection; specimens in poor

condition)]

M. tenuifolium Aphis fabae, gossypii, nasturtii; Aulacorthum solani;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae

M. tetrandum Aphis gossypii, nasturtii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus persicae

M. viscosum Myzus persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Myosotis Boraginaceae

Myosotis alpestris Brachycaudus helichrysi, jacobi

M. alpina Aulacorthum solani

M. arvensis Aphis fabae; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi, jacobi;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae

M. caespitosa Brachycaudus helichrysi

M. collina see M. ramosissima

M. nemorosa Brachycaudus helichrysi

M. palustris = M. scorpioides

M. ramosissima Brachycauus helichrysi, jacobi;

Myzus ascalonicus, myosotidis

M. scorpioides Aphis fabae, gossypii, nasturtii, triglochinis;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus bicolor, helichrysi;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, gei;

Myzus ascalonicus, myosotidis, ornatus, persicae

M. suaveolens = M. alpestris

M. sylvatica Brachycaudus helichrysi, jacobi; Myzus ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus

M. welwitschii Brachycaudus helichrysi

Myosotis sp. [Aphis nigratibialis]; [Aulacorthum solani ssp. orientale];

[Rhopalomyzus poae]; [Uroleucon erigeronense]

Key to apterae on Myosotis:-

1 Cauda helmet-shaped, a little shorter than its basal width in dorsal view. Spiracular apertures are large and rounded …..2

- Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, much longer than its basal width. Spiracular apertures are small and reniform …..5

2 Dorsum pale, membranous. SIPH pale, smooth, 0.8-2.0 × cauda

......Brachycaudus helichrysi

- Dorsum with black sclerotisation. SIPH pale or dark, imbricated, 1.7-3.6 × cauda …..3

3 ANT III with 4-11 rhinaria. R IV+V 0.135-0.175 mm. Dorsal shield with a distinct pattern of spinulose imbrications …..Brachycaudus jacobi

- ANT III without rhinaria (except in alatiform specimens). R IV+V (0.175-) 0.18-0.24 mm. Dorsal shield almost smooth or with indistinct imbrications …..4

4 SIPH pale or dusky. Conspicuous flat marginal tubercles (MTu) usually present on all segments from pronotum to ABD TERG 7, and spinal tubercles (STu) on pronotum and ABD TERG 7 and 8 …..Brachycaudus bicolor

- SIPH dark. MTu absent or present on ABD TERG 2-4 only, if present then small and inconspicuous, and STu usually absent …..Brachycaudus cardui

5 SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of closed cells). ANT tubercles well-developed, with inner faces smooth and divergent …..6

- SIPH without subapical polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles if well developed then with inner faces steep-sided, and scabrous or spiculose …..7

6 Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 38-63 μm, 0.6-1.4 × ANT BD III. Anterior half of subgenital plate usually (77%) with only 2 hairs (18% with 3, 5% with 4-6 hairs)

…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 66-106 μm, 1.4-2.0 × ANT BD III. Anterior half of subgenital plate with 2-11 hairs, usually (77%) with 4-8 hairs …..Macrosiphum gei

7 SIPH pale or dark, tapering or cylindrical, or if swollen on distal part then they are less than 0.82 × ANT III …..8

- SIPH slightly swollen on distal part and more than 0.83 × ANT III …..9

8 ANT PT/BASE 1.1-1.8. SIPH 0.7-1.3 × cauda …..Aphis triglochinis

- Without that combination of characters; if ANT PT/BASE less than 1.9 then SIPH more than 1.3 × cauda …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

9 Hairs on inner sides of ANT tubercles mostly pointed, the longest 0.75-1.0 × ANT BD III. SIPH 0.84-1.09 × ANT III, and 0.17-0.20 × BL. (Al. with (0-) 2-5 sec. rhinaria on ANT IV and 0-2 on V) …..Myzus myosotidis

- Hairs on inner sides of ANT tubercles all short and blunt, the longest 0.3-0.6 × BD III. SIPH 1.0-1.6 × ANT III, and 0.20-0.28 × BL. (Al. without sec. rhinaria on ANT IV or V)

…..Myzus persicae

Myosoton (including Malachium) Caryophyllaceae

Myosoton aquaticum Aphis nasturtii; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycolus stellariae; Myzus persicae, stellariae;

[Sitobion akebiae]

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Myosurus Ranunculaceae

Myosurus minimus Myzus ornatus

Myrcia (including Mozartia) Myrtaceae

Myrcia albescens Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

M. jaboticaba = Plinia cauliflora

M. splendens Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Myrciaria Myrtaceae

Myrciaria cauliflora = Plinia cauliflora

Myrciaria sp. Aphis gossypii

Myriactis Compositae

Myriactis nepalensis Aphis gossypii; Protrama longitarsus ssp. sclerodensis;

[Sitobion rosaeiformis]

M. wallichii Aphis spiraecola; Protrama longitarsus ssp. sclerodensis

Key to apterae on Myriactis:-

- Hind tarsi elongate, more than 0.5 × hind tibiae. ANT PT/BASE less than 1

…..Protrama longitarsus ssp. sclerodensis

- Hind tarsi of normal length, not clearly longer than fore or mid tarsi. ANT PT/BASE more than 1 …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Myriandra Clusiaceae

Myriandra prolifica Aphis hyperici; Hyalomyzus triangulatus

Use key to apterae on Hypericum.

Myrica Myricaceae

Myrica aspleniifolia = Comptonia peregrina

M. californica Aphis fabae

M. cerifera Longistigma caryae; [Macrosiphum salviae];

Myzus ornatus

M. faya [Tuberculatus annulatus]

M. gale (incl. var. tomentosa) Acyrthosiphon lobkovae, [myricae]; Calaphis myricae;

Illinoia canadensis; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzocallis myricae

M. nagi Myzus ornatus

M. rubra Aulacorthum solani; Greenidea myricae;

Parathoracaphis cheni

M. tomentosa = M. gale var. tomentosa

Key to aphids on Myrica:-

1 Aptera aleyrodiform; black, strongly sclerotized, with legs and antennae concealed beneath

.....Parathoracaphis cheni

- Aptera of normal aphid form, with well-developed legs and antennae .....2

2 BL more than 4.5 mm. SIPH as large pores on broad dark hairy cones.

ANT PT/BASE less than 1 .....Longistigma caryae

- BL less than 3.5 mm. SIPH tubular or conical. ANT PT/BASE more than 1 .....3

3 SIPH tubular, with numerous long hairs .....Greenidea myricae

- SIPH tubular or conical, without hairs .....4

4 SIPH in form of short truncated cones. Cauda with a constriction, and anal plate bilobed

.....5

- SIPH tubular, tapering, cylindrical or swollen on distal half. Cauda finger-like, without a constriction, and anal pale entire .....6

5 (All viviparae are alatae.) ANT shorter than body, with ANT PT/BASE less than 2. Head and thorax with longitudinal black stripes, and abdomen with paired dark segmental patches. Tibiae with similar pigmentation to distal parts of femora .....Myzocallis myricae

- (Apterae or alatae.) ANT longer than body, with ANT PT/BASE more than 2. Dorsum without a pattern of dark markings. Tibiae black, contrasting with paler femora

.....Calaphis myricae

6 SIPH clearly swollen on distal half, with polygonal reticulation distal to swelling .....7

- SIPH tapering or cylindrical on distal half, sometimes flared at apex (or, if clearly swollen on distal half then without subapical reticulation) .....9

7 First tarsal segments with 5 hairs .....Illinoia azaleae

- First tarsal segments with 3 hairs (occasionally with 4, but never 5) .....8

8 SIPH dark over most or whole of length, with a small flange. HT II only 0.07-0.10 mm long

.....Illinoia borealis

- SIPH pale or dusky, or only dark at apices, with a well-developed flange. HT II 0.10-0.14 mm long .....Illinoia canadensis

9 ANT III with 3-5 rhinaria on basal part, and ANT PT/BASE less than 4.2. ANT tubercles are well-developed, their inner faces smooth and divergent

…..Acyrthosiphon lobkovae (or A. myricae?)

- Without that combination of characters; if ANT III has rhinaria on basal part and ANT tubercles are well-developed with smooth divergent inner faces then ANT PT/BASE is more than 4.5 …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Myricaria Tamaricaceae

Myricaria alopecuroides = M. bracteata

M. bracteata Aphis ishkovi; [Brachycaudus persicae];

Brachyunguis harmalae; Eotrama bazarovi;

Neomariaella lambersi

M. dahurica Neomariaella lambersi

M. germanica Aphis fabae; Neomariaella lambersi

M. squamosa Neomariaella lambersi

Key to apterae on Myricaria:-

1 BL 5.0-5.5 mm. HT II elongated, c. 0.4 × length of hind tibia .....Eotrama bazarovi

- BL less than 3 mm. HT II of normal length, less than 0.25 × hind tibia .....2

2 ANT usually 5-segmented, 0.3-0.4 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE 0.9-1.6. SIPH as small, short cones, with an annular subapical constriction and a large flange. Cauda rounded, about half as long as its basal width …..Neomariaella lambersi

- Without the above combination of characters …..3

3 ANT PT/BASE less than 1. SIPH about as long as their basal widths, 0.2-0.6 × cauda

…..Brachyunguis harmalae

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH much longer than their basal widths, longer than cauda

.....4

4 ABD TERG 2-5 as well as 1 and 7 regularly with marginal tubercles (MTu). SIPH thick basally and curved outwards towards the much narrower apex .....Aphis ishkovi*

- MTu only constantly on ABD TERG 1 and 7, sporadically on 2-4. SIPH rather straight and not much thicker at base than apex .....Aphis fabae

Myriocephalus Compositae

Myriocephalus sp. Uroleucon sp. (Israel, BMNH collection)

Myriophyllum Haloragidaceae

Myriophyllum aquaticum Aulacorthum solani; Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

M. spicatum Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

M. verticillatum Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

Key to apterae on Myriophyllum:-

- Dorsal cuticle with a pattern of spinules arranged in polygons, with 1-3 spicules in the centre of each polygon. Head smooth with ANT tubercles weakly developed, SIPH clavate

…..Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

- Dorsal cuticle without spinules arranged in polygons, and other characters not in this combination …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Myriopteron Apocynaceae

Myriopteron extensum Aulacorthum myriopteroni

Myrrhis Apiaceae

Myrrhis odorata Aphis fabae; Aulacorthum solani;

Cavariella aegopodii, archangelicae, konoi;

Dysaphis crataegi; Macrosiphum gei; Myzus ornatus;

[Ovatomyzus boraginacearum]

Key to apterae on Myrrhis:-

1 ABD TERG 8 with a posteriorly projecting process above cauda. SIPH clavate …..2

- No supracaudal process. SIPH tapering/cylindrical …..4

2 ANT PT/BASE 0.6-1.3. R IV+V usually without accessory hairs …..Cavariella aegopodii

- ANT PT/BASE 1.4-2.0. R IV+V with 2 accessory hairs …..3

3 Length of supracaudal process at least 1.6 × maximum width of swollen part of SIPH. SIPH 0.98-1.10 × longer than head width across (and including) eyes, and 6.7-9 × their maximum width on swollen part. (Al. with a complete black band on ABD TERG 6)

.....Cavariella archangelicae

- Length of supracaudal process less than 1.5 × maximum width of swollen part of SIPH. SIPH 0.8-1.0 (-1.07) head width across eyes, and 5-7 × their maximum width on swollen part. (Al. with a pair of roundish dark marks on ABD TERG 6) .....Cavariella konoi

4 Cauda helmet-shaped, a little shorter than its basal width, Spinal tubercles (STu) present on head and ABD TERG 8, or 7 and 8, and marginal tubercles (MTu) on ABD TERG 1-5

…..Dysaphis crataegi

- Cauda longer than its basal width. STu usually absent, and MTu only ever regularly present on ABD TERG 1 and 7 …..5

5 Head dark with ANT tubercles weakly developed. SIPH and cauda black. ABD TERG 1 and 7 always with marginal tubercles (MTu) …..Aphis fabae

- Head pale with ANT tubercles well developed. SIPH and cauda mainly pale. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu …..go to key to apterae on Chaerophyllum, starting at couplet 13

Myrrhoides see Physocaulis Apiaceae

Myrrhoides nodosa = Physocaulis nodosus

Myrsine Primulaceae

Myrsine africana Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii, [Aphis sp. (Leonard

1972a:102)];

Aulacorthum solani

M. avenis = Rapanea avenis Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

M. guianensis Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

M. semiserrata Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Myrtus Myrtaceae

Myrtus communis Aphis aurantii, gossypii, spiraecola;

Myzus ornatus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Nabalus Compositae

Nabalus albus =Prenanthes alba

N. trifoliata = Prenanthes trifoliata

Najas Hydrocharitaceae

Najas microdon = N. guadalupensis

N. guadalupensis Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

Nama Hydrophyllaceae

Nama jamaicensis Aphis gossypii, middletonii; Myzus persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Nandina Berberidaceae

Nandina domestica Myzus persicae; Pseudomegoura magnoliae

Use key to polyphagous aphids (or try key to apterae on Berberis).

Narcissus Amaryllidaceae

Narcissus spp. Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Nardus Poaceae

Nardus stricta Anoecia furcata; Forda formicaria; Geoica utricularia;

Metopolophium dirhodum, festucae ssp. cerealium,

tenerum;

Paracletus cimiciformis; Pemphigus similis;

Tetraneura ulmi

Nardus sp. Atheroides serrulatus

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Nassella Poaceae

Nassella chilensis Rhopalosiphum padi; Schizaphis graminum; Sitobion avenae

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Nasturtium Brassicaceae

Nasturtium microphyllum Aphis nasturtii

N. officinale Aphis craccivora, gossypii, mimuli, nasturtii, triglochinis;

Brevicoryne brassicae; Lipaphis erysimi, [lepidii];

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzodium mimulicola;

Myzus ascalonicus, cerasi, ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Pemphigus sp.;

Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

N. officinale × microphyllum Myzus ascalonicus

Nasturtium sp. [Brevicoryne barbareae of David & Hameed 1975, nec

Nevsky]

Use key to apterae under Rorippa.

Nauclea Rubiaceae

Neolitsea esculenta Aphis gossypii

N. orientalis Sinomegoura citricola

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Naumbergia see Lysimachia Primulaceae

Nectandra Lauraceae

Nectandra antillana Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

N. megapotamica Lizerius tuberculatus

N. membranacea Lizerius tuberculatus

N. pichurim Lizerius pichurim

N. reticularis Lizerius acunai

Key to aphids on Nectandra:-

1 ANT PT/BASE more than 3. Anal plate entire, cauda tongue-shaped. Body of aptera without hair-bearing processes ..... Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

- ANT PT/BASE less than 1. Anal plate bilobed, cauda elongate or oval with an apical knob. Body of apterae with numerous hair-bearing processes .....2

2 Aptera with 5-segmented antennae and body with long conical dorsal processes. ANT III of alata with 12-18 secondary rhinaria almost in a row .....Lizerius acunai

- Aptera with 6-segmented antennae and body (where known) with short club-shaped processes (e.g. fig. 63B). ANT III of alata with 8-32 secondary rhinaria .....3

3 ANT III of alata with 18-32 secondary rhinaria scattered over segment

.....Lizerius pichurim

- ANT III of alata with 8-17 secondary rhinaria in a row .....Lizerius tuberculatus

(or try key to polyphagous aphids)

Neea Nyctaginaceae

Neea shaferi Aphis spiraecola

Neillia Rosaceae

Neillia opulifolia = Opulaster opulifolius

N. uekii Aphis spiraecola

Neillia sp. [Brachymyzus jasmini (oviparae)]

Use key to apterae on Physocarpus.

Nelsonia Acanthaceae

Nelsonia canescens Aphis gossypii

Nelumbo (including Nelumbium) Nelumbonaceae

Nelumbo lutea Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

N. nucifera Myzus persicae; Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

N. pentapetala Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

N. speciosa = N. nucifera

Key to apterae on Nelumbo:-

- Head smooth with ANT tubercles weakly developed. Dorsal cuticle with spicules arranged in polygons …..Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

- Head spiculose with well-developed, gibbous ANT tubercles. Dorsal cuticle without spicules arranged in polygons …..Myzus persicae

Nematanthus (including Hypocyrta) Gesneraceae

Nematanthus wettsteinii Aulacorthum solani

Nemesia Scrophulariaceae

Nemesia strumosa Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Nemophila Hydrophyllaceae

Nemophila menziesii Myzus persicae

Nemophila sp. Aulacorthum solani

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Neolamarckia Rubiaceae

Neolamarckia cadamba Sinomegoura citricola

Neolitsea Lauraceae

Neolitsea sericea Machilaphis machili;

Nipponaphis [coreana], distychii, [distyliicola]

Although only these species are recorded from Neolitsea, it seems probable that it may be colonised by other aphids which occur on Machilus and Litsea. Lists and keys for those plant genera should therefore be consulted.

Neomolinia see Diarrhena Poaceae

Neomolinia mandshurica = Diarrhena mandshurica

Neonotonia Leguminosae

Neonotonia wightii Aphis craccivora; Sitobion nigrinectarium

- SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Dorsal abdomen without dark sclerotisation ….. Sitobion nigrinectarium

- SIPH without subapical polygonal reticulation. Dorsal abdomen with extensive dark sclerotisation …..Aphis craccivora

Neopallasia Compositae

Neopallasia pectinata Macrosiphoniella taesongsanensis

Neopieris Ericaceae

Neopieris mariana Aphis spiraecola

Neottia Orchidaceae

Neottia ovata Aphis fabae; Aulacorthum solani

(or try key to orchid-feeding aphids under Cymbidium)

Neourbania see Ornithidium Orchidaceae

Neourbania adendrobium = Ornithidium adendrobium

Nepeta Lamiaceae

Nepeta cabulica = Lophanthus pinetorum

N. cataria Aphis coreopsidis, fabae, frangulae, gossypii, nasturtii,

nepetae;

Aulacorthum solani; Eucarazzia elegans; Myzus ornatus;

Ovatus crataegarius; Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon

N. ciliaris [Myzakkaia verbasci]

N. fissa = N. teucriifolia

N. formosa Brachycaudus cerasicola; Eucarazzia elegans

N. glechoma = N. hederacea

N. grandiflora Aulacorthum solani; Ovatus crataegarius

N. hederacea Aphis [glechomae (nomen dubium)], gossypii;

[Dysaphis tulipae]

N. leucophylla = N. ciliaris

N. manchuriensis Aphis clinepetae

N. mariae Aphis nepetae

N. micrantha Brachycaudus cerasicola

N. multifida Aphis narzikulovi

N. mussinii = N. racemosa

N. nepetella Aphis frangulae, nepetae; Eucarazzia elegans

N. nuda Aphis gossypii, nasturtii, nepetae, Aphis sp. (Lebanon,

BMNH collection);

Brachycaudus cerasicola

N. pannonica = N. nuda

N. racemosa Aphis gossypii

N. sibirica Aphis nepetae; Klimaszewskia altaica

N. subsessilis Aulacorthum nepetifolii

N. teucriifolia Eucarazzia elegans

N. yesoensis Aulacorthum nepetifolii

Nepeta spp. [Aphis umbrella]; Aulacorthum sclerodorsi(?);

Myzus persicae

Key to apterae on Nepeta:-

1 Head densely spiculose or nodulose, at least on the ventral surface …..2

- Head without spicules or nodules …..8

2 SIPH very markedly inflated, with swollen part 3.7-4.8 × thicker than the narrow cylindrical basal part, and a narrowly constricted subapical region with polygonal reticulation

…..Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon

- SIPH tapering/cylindrical or only weakly swollen …..3

3 Dorsum almost entirely dark sclerotic. SIPH entirely dark. longest hairs on ANT III 1.0-1.4 × BD III. ANT III with 4-14 rhinaria, usually extending onto distal half

…..Aulacorthum nepetifolii

- Dorsum with or without dark markings, but not entirely dark scerotic. SIPH pale, or only dark towards apices. ANT III with 0-5 rhinaria, if present they are only on basal part. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.2-0.8 × BD III …..4

4 SIPH smooth, cylindrical over most of length with distal c.0.2 narrower; dark subapically, with 1-3 rows of polygonal reticulation. Dorsum with variably developed dark sclerotic markings on thorax and ABD TERG 3-4, and dark postsiphuncular sclerites. ANT VI entirely dark …..Aulacorthum sclerodorsi

- SIPH imbricated, tapering, cylindrical or slightly clavate, without any clearly defined subapical reticulation. Dorsum pale or with only intersegmental dark markings. ANT VI pale

…..5

5 Dorsum with a pattern of dark intersegmental markings. SIPH coarsely imbricated, with a slight “S” curve. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.8 …..Myzus ornatus

- Dorsum without dark markings. SIPH moderately imbricated. ANT PT/BASE 2.8-7.6 …..6

6 SIPH slightly clavate. R IV+V 0.9-1.0 × HT II. ANT 0.7-1.0 × BL …..Myzus persicae

- SIPH tapering/cylindrical, with no trace of swelling. R IV+V 1.1-1.6 × HT II. ANT 1.1-1.5 × BL …..7

7 ANT tubercles bearing rounded processes that converge apically. ANT PT/BASE 5.2-7.6. ANT III without rhinaria …..Ovatus crataegarius

- ANT tubercles with inner faces almost parallel, without rounded processes. ANT PT/BASE 4.0-5.5. ANT III almost always with 1-2 rhinaria near base …..Aulacorthum solani

8 Dorsum with an extensive black sclerotic shield. Spiracular apertures large and rounded

…..Brachycaudus cerasicola

- Dorsum pale or with scattered dark markings. Spiracular apertures reniform ….9

9 SIPH markedly clavate. Secondary rhinaria usually present on ANT IV (-V) as well as III

…..10

- SIPH tapering. Secondary rhinaria absent, or only on ANT III …..11

10 Cauda not longer than its basal width. Rhinaria mainly on distal part of ANT III and on IV. Dorsal abdominal hairs not arising from projections .....Eucarazzia elegans

- Cauda c.2 × its basal width. Rhinaria evenly distributed over ANT III, IV and V. Dorsal abdominal hairs arising from projections

.....genus and sp. nr Hyperomyzus (Neonasonovia) (Afghanistan, BMNH collection)

11 ANT tubercles well-developed, divergent. R IV with 16-24 accessory hairs. Marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 2-5, but not on 1 and 7. ANT III with 3-12 secondary rhinaria …..Klimaszewskia altaica*

- ANT tubercles weakly developed. R IV usually with 2 accessory hairs. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu. ANT III usually without rhinaria …..12

12 SIPH pale, or only dark towards apices …..Aphis nasturtii

- SIPH entirely dusky/dark, or sometimes paler on basal part in small specimens …..13

13 SIPH 0.24-0.40 × BL. ANT III (except base) and ANT IV-VI dark, contrasting with very pale head, ANT I, II and base of III …..Aphis coreopsidis

- SIPH less than 0.24 × BL. ANT III(-V) mainly pale, paler than ANT I-II …..14

14 Cauda dark with 11-24 hairs. Dorsal abdomen usually with dark cross-bands on ABD TERG 7 and 8 and some dark markings anterior to SIPH. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.8-3.4 × BD III

…..Aphis fabae

- Cauda pale or dark with 4-8 hairs. Dorsal abdomen usually without dark markings, sometimes with a cross-band on ABD TERG 8 only. Longest hair on ANT III 0.4-1.0 × BD III …..15

15 SIPH and cauda similarly dark. R IV+V 1.35-1.9 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.5 …..16

- SIPH dark, usually distinctly darker than the pale or dusky cauda. R IV+V 1.1-1.5 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 2.0-3.0 …..17

16 R IV+V 1.5-1.9 × HT II. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.5-1.0 × BD III. (Al. with secondary rhinaria distributed III 9-18, IV 2-6, V 0-2) …..Aphis clinepetae*

- R IV+V 1.35-1.55 × HT II. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.4-0.5 × BD III. (Al. with secondary rhinaria distributed III 4-7, IV 0-4, V 0-3) …..Aphis narzikulovi*

17 (Al. with sec. rhinaria present on ANT IV (-V); distributed III 11-30, IV 3-12, V 0-6) .....18

- (Al. usually with sec. rhinaria distributed III 3-13, IV 0(-3), V 0) …..19

18 ANT PT 2.1-2.6 × R IV+V. (Al. with rhinaria distributed III 11-14, IV 3-7, V 0-4)

…..Aphis frangulae (part - see text)

- ANT PT 1.4-1.7(-2.0) × R IV+V. (Al. with rhinaria distributed III 22-30, IV 6-12, V 2-6)

…..Aphis sp. (Lebanon, BMNH collection, leg. D. Hille Ris Lambers)

19 (Al with rhinaria distributed III 3-13, IV 0-5, V 0) …..Aphis frangulae (part) or gossypii

- (Al. with rhinaria distributed III 4-7, IV 0, V 0) …..Aphis nepetae

Nephelium Sapindaceae

Nephelium lappaceum Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii; Cervaphis rappardi

N. litchi = Litchi chinensis

- Dorsum with very long branched marginal hair-bearing processes .....Cervaphis rappardi

- Dorsum without such processes ..... Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Nephrodium Dryopteridaceae

Nephrodium molle = Christella dentata

Nephrodium sp. Idiopterus nephrelepidis

(or try key to fern-feeding aphids)

Nephrolepis Davalliaceae

Nephrolepis cordifolia Macrosiphum walkeri

N. biserrata Idiopterus nephrelepidis

N. davallioides (?) Idiopterus nephrelepidis

N. exaltata Aulacorthum solani; Idiopterus nephrelepidis;

Macrosiphum walkeri

N. pectinata Idiopterus nephrelepidis

N. ?undulata Micromyzella pterisoides

Nephrolepis sp. Micromyzodium filicium; Neomyzus circumflexus

Use key to fern-feeding aphids under Polypodium.