HOST LISTS and KEYS

- Aptera aleyrodiform with reduced legs, very short 3- or 4-segmented antennae and variably fused head, thorax and anterior abdominal tergites (= prosoma). Antenna of alata with annular secondary rhinaria .....11

2 SIPH tubular, longer than basal width .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

- SIPH on flat hairy cones or merely as pores .....3

3 Body elongate oval or elongate pear-shaped. Hairs very sparse and mainly very short; those on antenna much less than half basal diameter of ANT III. SIPH are merely small pores, not surrounded by hairs. Posterior abdomen with extensive wax gland pore plates .....4

- Body oval. Hairs long and dense; those on antennae longer than basal diameter of ANT III. SIPH pores large, on hairy cones. No extensive wax pore plates .....5

4 Wax pore plates on posterior abdomen mostly comprising circles of minute wax pores like small pearl necklaces, supplemented with fields of similar-sized ring-shaped elements; wax pore plate on ABD TERG 8 has entirely such circles of minute pores, except for a narrow median zone with a few ring-shaped elements. R IV+V with 4-8 accessory hairs. Alata with 0-4 secondary rhinaria on ANT III .....Machilaphis machili

- Wax pore plates on posterior abdomen including that on ABD TERG 8 consisting entirely of ring-shaped elements. R IV+V with 3-4 accessory hairs. Alata with 7-11 secondary rhinaria on ANT III .....Machilaphis pseudomachili

5 BL more than 6 mm. Eyes multifacetted. Forewing of alata with pterostigma extending almost to wing-tip .....Longistigma xizangensis

- BL less than 4 mm. Eyes of aptera 3-facetted. Forewing of alata with a normal pterostigma

.....6

6 Aptera with ANT PT/BASE 0.30-0.45. R IV+V 0.54-0.65 × HT II. Wings of alata with dark reticulate pigmentation .....Aiceona retipennis

- Aptera with ANT PT/BASE 0.5-0.7. R IV+V 0.7-1.0 × HT II. Wings of alata pale or dusky, without dark reticulate pigmentation .....7

7 Aptera with dorsal abdominal hairs arising from dusky sclerotic bases. Alata with secondary rhinaria distributed III 50-66, IV 16-25, V 6-14 .....Aiceona pallida

- Aptera without dusky sclerotic bases to dorsal abdominal hairs. Alata with secondary rhinaria distributed III 31-58, IV 8-25, V 2-12 .....8

8 Aptera usually with one short thick spine-like hair between the fine hairs on the 8th abdominal sternite. R IV+V with blunt apex .....Aiceona manipurensis*

- Aptera with only fine hairs on 8th abdominal sternite. R IV+V with rather pointed apex

.....9

9 Aptera with ANT VI (BASE + PT) similar in length to ANT V. SIPH cones small, ringed by a few long hairs. Alata with secondary rhinaria distributed III c.58, IV c. 25, V 5-12

…..Aiceona osugii

- Aptera with ANT VI (BASE + PT) shorter than (0.7-0.9 ×) ANT V. SIPH cones large, ringed by about 4 whorls of hairs. Alata with secondary rhinaria distributed III 30-46, IV 8-18,

V 2-7 …..10

10 Alata with secondary rhinaria distributed III 43-46, IV 13-18, V 3-5

…..Aiceona pseudosugii

- Alata with secondary rhinaria distributed III 30-38, IV 8-11, V 2-7 …..Aiceona robustiseta

11 Dorsal cuticle of aptera smooth, densely covered with short, thorn-like, broad-based, hair-like processes .....Sinonipponaphis formosana*

- Dorsal cuticle of aptera either smooth or with densely pustulate ornamentation; hairs of variable length, no thorn-like processes .....12

12 Spinal and submarginal hairs of aptera not exceeding length of antennae .....13

.....Nipponaphis spp. (loochooensis, machili, machilicola)

- Spinal and submarginal hairs of aptera mostly long and thick, the longest exceeding the length of the antennae .....15

13 Pustules along frontal margin all with pointed apices. BL 1.6-1.9 mm

.....Nipponaphis machilicola

- Pustules along frontal margin mostly with rounded apices. BL 1.0-1.7 mm .....14

14 Many of dorsal hairs long and bristle-like, the longest exceeding the length of the hind tarsi

.....Nipponaphis machili*

- Dorsal hairs short and fine, all shorter than hind tarsi .....Nipponaphis loochooensis

15 Dorsal cuticle of prosoma divided by narrow pale sutures into four regions; one anterior, one median, and two lateral. Abdominal plate (fused ABD TERG 2-7) with all 6 pairs of submarginal hairs long and thick …..Euthoracaphis oligostricha

- Dorsal cuticle of prosoma undivided. Abdominal plate with at least the 4^th and 5^th pairs of submarginal hairs much smaller than the first 3 pairs .....16

16 Aptera with abdominal plate (fused ABD TERG 2-7) with first 3 pairs of submarginal hairs very stout and dark, much longer and thicker than the posterior 3 pairs (fig. 58D). Dorsal hairs of prosoma (i.e., fused head, thorax and ABD TERG 1) often include some short, fine hairs as well as the paired, stout spinal and submarginal hairs

..... Schizoneuraphis himalayensis

- Aptera with abdominal plate with only the penultimate 2 pairs of submarginal hairs (the 4th and 5th pairs) small, the 6th submarginal pair being almost as large as the first 3 pairs (e.g. as in fig. 58F). Dorsal region of prosoma without any short fine hairs

.....Schizoneuraphis machiliphaga

Macleania Ericaceae

Macleania cordifolia Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

M. punctata = M. cordifolia

Macleaya Papaveraceae

Macleaya cordata Aulacorthum solani

Maclura Moraceae

Maclura cochinchinensis Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus

M. javanensis (?javanica) Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus

M. pomifera Aphis fabae; Myzus persicae; [Wahlgreniella nervata]

M. tricuspidata Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus; [Matsumuraja rubi]

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Macrocarpium Cornaceae

Macrocarpium officinale see Cornus officinalis

“Macrophyllum” = Lactuca macrophylla? Asteraceae

“Macrophyllum sp.” Uroleucon sonchi

Macroptilium Fabaceae

Macroptilium atropurpureum Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphis craccivora;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae

M. lathyroides Aphis craccivora

Use key to apterae on Phaseolus.

Macrosolen Loranthaceae

Macrosolen cochinchinensis Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii; Tuberaphis macrosoleni

(incl. Elytranthe globosa)

Key to apterae on Macrosolen:-

- Eyes of 3 facets. Head fused to prothorax, and bearing short, spine-like hairs. SIPH as pores surrounded by hairs. Cauda shorter than its basal width. ANT PT/BASE less than 0.3

.....Tuberaphis macrosoleni

- Eyes multifaceted. Head not fused to prothorax, hairs not spine-like. SIPH tubular. Cauda long than its basal width. ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5 .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Macrotyloma Fabaceae

Macrotyloma stenophyllum Aphis gossypii

Madia Asteraceae

Madia chilensis Uroleucon eumadiae

M. elegans Uroleucon madia

M. minima = Hemizonella minima

M. sativa Uroleucon madia, eumadiae, [rudbeckiae]

Key to apterae on Madia:-

(Both species have siphunculi with distal polygonal reticulation, a long thin hairy R IV, and first tarsal segments with 5 hairs.)

- ANT PT/BASE 2.65-4.0. SIPH 1.28-1.56 × cauda …..Uroleucon eumadiae

- ANT PT/BASE 4.5-6.1. SIPH 1.80-2.25 × cauda …..Uroleucon madia

Maesa Primulaceae

Maesa angustifolia = M. lanceolata

M. chisia Aphis gossypii, odinae;

Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii, citricidus;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; Greenidea heeri;

[Takecallis arundinariae]

        M. indica                                       Aphis gossypii, spiraecola; Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii;
                                                      [Capitophorus formosartemisiae];
                                                      Eutrichosiphum pasaniae, pseudopasaniae;
                                                      Mollitrichosiphum tenuicorpus

M. japonica Pseudomegoura magnoliae

M. lanceolata (incl. rufescens) Aphis aurantii, gossypii; Myzus persicae

M. macrophylla (?megaphylla) Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

M. rufescens = M. lanceolata var. rufescens

M. tenera Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Maesa sp. Eutrichosiphum tapatii; Greenidea ficicola

Key to apterae on Maesa:-

- SIPH without hairs ….....go to key to polyphagous aphids

- SIPH with numerous long hairs .....Greenideini spp.

(incl. Eutrichosiphon, Greenidea, Mollitrichosiphon)

(The various species of Greenideini recorded from Maesa are normally associated with trees in other families such as Fagaceae and Myrtaceae. It seems likely that Maesa is either visited casually by members of the Greenideini, or used by them as a "reserve host".)

Maesopsis Rhamnaceae

Maesopsis eminii Aphis fabae, gossypii, odinae;

Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii, citricidus; Myzus ornatus

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Magnolia Magnoliaceae

Magnolia campbellii Formosaphis micheliae

M. champaca Prociphilus micheliae

M. denudata Aphis gossypii; Aulacorthum albimagnoliae;

Pseudomegoura magnoliae

M. fraseri [Illinoia spiraecola]

M. fuscata (= M. figo var. figo) [Nipponaphis karatanei]

M. grandiflora Aphis [magnoliae Macchiati 1884], spiraecola,

[Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972)];

Formosaphis micheliae; Sinomegoura citricola

M. kobus Aphis fabae; Neocalaphis magnoliae;

Pseudomegoura magnoliae

M. liliiflora Aphis gossypii, odinae; Calaphis magnoliae;

Pseudomegoura magnoliae

M. obovata Calaphis magnolicolens; Pseudomegoura magnoliae

M. sieboldii Aulacorthum albimagnoliae, solani

M. stellata Formosaphis micheliae

M. tripetala [Illinoia liriodendri]

Magnolia spp. Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii, citricidus;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Tinocallis insularis;

Key to species on Magnolia:-

1 SIPH absent .....2

- SIPH present as tubes or small truncate cones .....3

2 Antenna of alata 5-segmented; ANT III, IV and V each with an extensive, complex rhinarial structure occupying most of segment (fig. 61A) .....Formosaphis micheliae

- Antenna of alata 6-segmented, with separate. transversely elongate secondary rhinaria on ANT III and IV only, fringed with minute spinules (fig. 61B) .....Prociphilus micheliae

3 SIPH tubular, longer than their basal widths, anal plate entire and cauda tongue-shaped. (Viviparae apterous or alate) .....4

- SIPH as small truncate cones, not longer than their basal widths. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed. (All viviparae alate) .....5

4 Head with well-developed antennal tubercles, their inner faces almost parallel, with dorsal cuticle of head almost smooth and ventral surface only weakly spinulose. SIPH tapering/cylindrical, legs of aptera pale .....Aulacorthum albimagnoliae

- Without that combination of characters: if antennal tubercles are well developed with parallel inner faces then head is distinctly spinulose and/or SIPH are slightly clavate and legs of aptera mainly dark .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

5 ANT PT/BASE less than 1 .....Tinocallis insularis

- ANT PT/BASE more than 4 .....6

6 ANT III with two broad black bands, one in the middle and one distally (fig. 59A). All tibiae with black bases. Forewing veins heavily bordered with fuscous, especially distally

.....Calaphis magnoliae

- ANT III only gradually darkening distally (fig. 59B). Tibiae without dark basal sections, and forewing veins not bordered with fuscous .....Calaphis magnolicolens

Magydaris Apiaceae

Magydaris pastinacea Anuraphis pyrilaseri, shaposhnikovi; Aphis fabae;

Dysaphis apiifolia

Key to apterae on Magydaris:-

(All 4 species have undeveloped or weakly-developed ANT tubercles, dark SIPH, dark cross-bands on ABD TERG 8 or 7-8, and usually some scattered dark markings on ABD TERG 1-6.)

1 Cauda distinctly longer than its basal width. Spinal tubercles (STu) absent, abdominal marginal tubercles (MTu) consistently present only on ABD TERG 1 and 7 …..Aphis fabae

- Cauda helmet-shaped, a little shorter than its basal width. STu present on head and at least some ABD TERG, and MTu on ABD TERG 1-5 or 1-7 …..2

2 R IV+V much shorter than SIPH. SIPH more than 3 × basal width with normal imbrication. Cauda with 5 hairs …..Dysaphis apiifolia

- R IV+V longer than SIPH. SIPH less than 2.5 × basal width with close-set rows of spinules. Cauda with 11-18 hairs …..3

3 MTu on ABD TERG 1-5 only. R IV+V 1.6-2.1 × HT II …..Anuraphis pyrilaseri

- MTu on ABD TERG 1-7. R IV+V 1.2-1.6 × HT II …..Anuraphis shaposhnikovi

Mahoberberis Berberidaceae

Mahoberberis neubertii Liosomaphis berberidis

Mahonia Berberidaceae

Mahonia aquifolia = Berberis aquifolium

M. japonica Liosomaphis berberidis; [Prociphilus osmanthae]

M. morrisonensis = M. oiwakensis

M. oiwakensis Wahlgreniella viburni

M. repens = Berberis repens

Key to apterae on Mahonia:-

(Both species have SIPH strongly swollen on distal c.0.7 of length)

- ANT 0.4-0.5 × BL, ANT PT/BASE 0.8-1.4. ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting forward beyond middle of head in dorsal view …..Liosomaphis berberidis

- ANT c. 0.8 × BL, ANT PT/BASE 1.6-1.9. ANT tubercles moderately developed, projecting forward beyond middle of head in dorsal view …..Wahlgreniella viburni

(or try key to apterae on Berberis)

Maianthemum (including Smilacina) Asparagaceae

M. bifolium Aulacorthum majanthemi; Myzus ascalonicus;

Rhopalosiphoninus maianthemi; Sitobion avenae

M. dilatatum Macrosiphum badium, euphorbiae

M. kamtschaticum = M. dilatatum

M. racemosum Macrosiphum badium, pechumani

M. stellatum Illinoia wahnaga; Macrosiphum badium, insularis

Key to apterae on Maianthemum:-

(All species have well-developed ANT tubercles, and ANT at least 0.9 × BL.)

1 SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation (at least 2-3 rows of closed cells)

…..2

- SIPH without any subapical polygonal reticulation …..8

2 SIPH swollen on distal c.0.7 of length, and cauda triangular in dorsal view, shorter than (c. 0.8 ×) R IV+V. Hairs on ANT III long and pointed, the longest 1.7-2.1 × BD III. Dorsum with extensive dark sclerotisation. Head densely spinulose both dorsally and ventrally

…..Rhopalosiphoninus maianthemi

- SIPH tapering/cylindrical, or if swollen then cauda is tongue or finger-shaped and at least 2 × R IV+V. ANT III with blunt hairs maximally 0.3-1.0 × BD III. Dorsum without extensive dark sclerotisation. Head smooth or not densely spinulose …..3

3 SIPH swollen proximal to reticulated zone, to 1.2-1.4 minimal diameter of basal half. Hairs on ANT III less than 0.5 × BD III. First tarsal segments each with 5 hairs

…..Illinoia wahnaga

- SIPH cylindrical or less swollen. Hairs on ANT III 0.3-1.0 × BD III. First tarsal segments with 3 hairs …..4

4 SIPH black and less than 1.5 × cauda. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.5 × BD III

…..Sitobion avenae

- SIPH pale or dark and more than 1.5 × cauda. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.5-1.0 × BD III

…..5

5 R IV+V 0.75-1.0 × HT II. SIPH usually pale on at least basal half, sometimes becoming darker distally …..6

- R IV+V 1.15-1.48 × HT II. SIPH dusky/dark, sometimes paler at base …..7

6 ANT BASE VI 0.25-0.30 mm, at least 2 × R IV+V and similar in length to cauda

…..Macrosiphum insularis

- ANT BASE VI 0.13-0.20 mm, 0.9-1.3 × R IV+V and 0.3-0.5 × cauda

…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

7 ANT III with 11-25 rhinaria arranged in a row over most of length. Head, ANT, legs, SIPH and cauda all very dark. Head cuticle smooth …..Macrosiphum pechumani

- ANT III with 1-5 rhinaria near base. Head, ANT, legs and SIPH mainly dusky or dark, cauda pale/dusky. Head with spinules dorsally, and sometimes also ventrally

…..Macrosiphum badium*

8 SIPH clavate, 2.3-3.3 × cauda, with a narrow stem that is a little thinner at its narrowest point than hind tibia at midlength. ANT III without rhinaria …..Myzus ascalonicus

- SIPH cylindrical/tapering, 1.6-1.7 × cauda, with a subapical annular incision close to flange. ANT III with 1-3 small rhinaria near base …..Aulacorthum majanthemi

Maireana Amaranthaceae

Maireana trichoptera Aphis craccivora

Majorana see Origanum Lamiaceae

Malabaila Apiaceae

Malabaila aurea Cavariella theobaldi

Malacantha = Pouteria Sapotaceae

Malachium see Myosoton Caryophyllaceae

Malachra Malvaceae

Malachra alceifolia Myzus ornatus

M. capitata Aphis gossypii

M. fasciata Aphis gossypii

M. rotundifolia = M. alceifolia

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Malacocarpus Zygophyllaceae

Malacarpus crithmifolius Brachyunguis harmalae

Malcolmia Brassicaceae

Malcolmia africana Aphis craccivora

M. maritima Brevicoryne brassicae

Malcolmia sp. Acyrthosiphon ilka

Use key to apterae on Isatis.

Mallotus Euphorbiaceae

Mallotus japonicus Myzus persicae; Stomaphis malloti

M. oppositifolius Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

M. philippensis Aphis gossypii; [Thoracaphis sp.]

Mallotus spp. [Sumatraphis celti]

- Rostrum longer than body. BL of adult more than 5 mm .....Stomaphis malloti

- Rostrum much shorter than body. BL of adult less than 4 mm

.....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Malope Malvaceae

Malope trifida Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae

Malope sp. Aphis nasturtii, umbrella

Use key to apterae on Malva.

Malpighia Malpighiaceae

Malpighia fucata Aphis aurantii, craccivora, spiraecola

M. glabra Aphis aurantii, craccivora, spiraecola

M. punicifolia = M. glabra

M. punctata (?) Aphis craccivora, spiraecola

Malpighia sp, Aphis gossypii

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Malus Apples, Crab-apples Rosaceae

A key to apple aphids is provided in Blackman & Eastop (1984). Here we provide a more comprehensive treatment of the aphid fauna of the genus Malus. The nomenclature of Malus is confused as many species hybridise freely with one another in cultivation. Many European records of aphids from M. pumila apply to cultivated apples (M. domestica), so we have had to list records from cultivated and wild European apples (domestica, pumila, sylvestris) under one name. The separation of Dysaphis species applies only to spring forms, and is based largely on the work of Stroyan (1963) and Shaposhnikov (1967, 1986); the difficult taxonomy of Dysaphis is discussed under that genus.

Host plant list:-

      Malus angustifolia                                 Southern Crab-apple
                                                      Aphis spiraecola; [Hyalomyzus eriobotryae];
                                                      Muscaphis smithi; Prociphilus caryae ssp. fitchii

M. ×arnoldiana Aphis pomi

M. ×atrosanguinea Aphis pomi

M. baccata Siberian Crab-apple
Aphis pomi, spiraecola;

Dysaphis affinis, sp. near anthrisci, devecta, mordvilkoi,

plantaginea, sibirica, Dysaphis sp. (Korea: Stroyan 1985);

Eriosoma lanigerum; [Myzus cerasi umefoliae];

Nearctaphis bakeri; Ovatus crataegarius, malisuctus;

Prociphilus kuwanai; Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae;

Schizaphis mali

M. ×cerasifera Aphis pomi

M. coronaria Sweet Crab-apple
Aphis gossypii, pomi

M. denticulata (?) Aphis pomi

M. domestica Apple, European Crab-apple, Paradise Apple
(incl. pumila, sylvestris) Allocotaphis quaestionis; [Anuraphis farfarae];

Aphidounguis mali;
Aphis aurantii, craccivora, eugeniae, fabae, gossypii,

odinae, pomi, spiraecola, [spiraephaga];

[Aploneura ampelina]; Aulacorthum solani;

[Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi];

Dysaphis affinis, anthrisci, anthrisci majkopica, armeniaca,
brachycyclica, brancoi, brancoi ssp. malina,

brancoi ssp. rogersoni, bunii, chaerophylli,

chaerophyllina, devecta, flava, [gallica], malidauci,

meridialis, mordvilkoi, [orientalis], physocaulis,

plantaginea, radicola, sibirica, zini;
Eriosoma lanigerum, [lanuginosum];

[Hyalomyzus eriobotryae]; Longistigma xizangensis;
Macrosiphum [chukotense], euphorbiae, rosae;

                                                              Myzus [ornatus], persicae;
                                                      Nearctaphis bakeri; [Nippolachnus piri];
                                                      Ovatus crataegarius, insitus, malisuctus;

[Phorodon humuli]; [Plocamaphis gyirongensis];

                                                              Pterochloroides persicae;
                                                      Prociphilus caryae ssp. fitchii, [crataegicola],
                                                           kuwanai, oriens, [pini], sasakii;
                                                      Pyrolachnus pyri; Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae, [padi];

Schizoneurella indica; [Watabura nishiyae]

M. doumeri Ovatus malisuctus; [Tuberocephalus sakurae]

M. floribunda Aphis gossypii, pomi; Dysaphis devecta;

Eriosoma lanigerum; Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae

M. formosana = M. doumeri

M. fusca Oregon Crab-apple
Allocotaphis quaestionis^bg; Eriosoma lanigerum;

Dysaphis anthrisci^bg; Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae^bg

M. glaucescens Aphis pomi; Dysaphis plantaginea

M. halliana Aphidounguis mali; Aphis spiraecola; Eriosoma lanigerum;

Ovatus malisuctus; Pseudomegoura magnoliae;

[Rhopalosiphum padi, rufiabdominale];

[Watabura nishiyae]

M. hartwigi (= M. ×hartwegii?) Aphis pomi

      M. ioensis                                               Prairie Crab-apple
                                                      Aphis pomi; Dysaphis plantaginea;
                                                      Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae

M. kirghisorum = M. sieversii

M. mandshurica Aphis spiraecola; Dysaphis deltoidei, mordvilkoi, sibirica;

Ovatus insitus, malisuctus

M. ×micromalus Aphis pomi, spiraecola; Ovatus crataegarius

M. orientalis Allocotaphis quaestionis; Aphis pomi;

Dysaphis affinis, anthrisci majkopica, armeniaca,
brachycyclica, brancoi, chaerophyllina, devecta,

plantaginea, radicola

M. pallasiana = M. baccata

M. praecox = M. domestica

M. prunifolia Aphis pomi; Dysaphis anthrisci, devecta, plantaginea;

Eriosoma lanigerum

M. pumila see M. domestica

M. ×purpurea Aphis pomi; Dysaphis affinis

M. rivularis = M. fusca

M. rockii Aphis pomi

M. sargentii [Dysaphis pyri]

M. ×scheideckeri Aphis pomi; Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae

M. sieboldii Toringo Crab-apple
Aphis pomi; Eriosoma lanigerum; Ovatus malisuctus;

[Rhopalosiphum padi]

M. sieversii Central Asian Wild Apple

Allocotaphis quaestionis;

Aphis craccivora, fabae, pomi, spiraecola;

Dysaphis affinis, brancoi, devecta, flava, malidauci,

plantaginea;

Eriosoma lanigerum, [lanuginosum]; Ovatus crataegarius;

[Prociphilus aurus]; Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae

M. sikkimensis Aphis pomi

M. spectabilis Aphis pomi; Eriosoma lanigerum;

Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae

M. sylvestris see M. domestica

M. toringoides Aphis pomi

M. tschonoskii Aphis pomi

M. zumi Aphis pomi; Dysaphis plantaginea;

Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae

Key to aphids on Malus:-

(Prociphilus aurus could not be included as only the fundatrix is described, and the spring generations of Watabura nishiyae are unknown, although its sexuparae may be found on twigs and branches of Malus in autumn in east Asia.)

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Cauda broadly rounded, usually shorter than width at base

.....2

- ANT PT/BASE more than 0.5 (usually more than 1). Cauda semicircular, helmet-shaped or tongue-shaped, about as long as its basal width or longer .....11

2 Aptera, and sometimes alata also, with conspicuous wax pore plates. SIPH either absent or present only as pores .....3

- Wax pore plates absent. SIPH in form of large, broad, dark, hairy cones .....9

3 Wax pore plates of aptera comprising rings of circular, polygonal or elongate facets surrounding single or multiple clear central areas (e.g. figs 60B,C). Wax glands of alata are small and indistinct .....4

- Wax pore plates honeycomb-like, without any clear central areas. Alata with well-developed wax pore plates, at least on thorax, or head and thorax .....6

4 Antenna of aptera 4-segmented (fig. 60A). Tarsi of aptera with only one claw developed. Alata with unbranched media in forewing .....Aphidounguis mali

- Antenna of aptera 5- or 6-segmented, and tarsi with both claws equally developed. Forewing of alata with once-branched media .....5

5 Aptera without SIPH. Antenna of aptera 5-segmented, less than 0.17× BL, with last two segments each about as broad as long. Wax pore plates comprising groups of elongate facets radiating from 2-9 small clear circular central areas (fig. 60B) .....Schizoneurella indica

- Aptera with SIPH as slightly raised pores with partly sclerotised rims. Antenna of aptera usually 6-segmented, more than 0.17× BL, with last 2 segments much longer than broad. Wax pore plates each comprising large circular or polygonal facets enclosing one or more clear central areas (fig. 60C) .....Eriosoma lanigerum

6 BL of spring migrant alata from leaf-nest gall (s.m.a.) 4 mm or more. R IV+V more than

0.2 mm long and bearing 7 or more accessory hairs .....Prociphilus oriens

- BL of s.m.a. less than 4 mm. R IV+V less than 0.16 mm long and bearing 2-5 accessory hairs

.....7

7 S.m.a. without any clear wax pore plates on head, and secondary rhinaria on ANT V numbering 8-10 .....Prociphilus kuwanai

- S.m.a. with 1-2 pairs of very pale and clearly-defined wax pore plates on head; secondary rhinaria on ANT V numbering 0-7 .....8

8 S.m.a. with one pair of circular wax pore plates on vertex of head. ANT I (outside length) as long as or longer than its basal width (fig. 60E). SIPH present as small pigmented rings

.....Prociphilus sasakii

- S.m.a. with 2 pairs of cephalic wax pore plates, one pair on frons and the other on vertex, and ANT I shorter than its basal width (fig. 60D). SIPH absent .....Prociphilus caryae fitchii

9 Dorsal abdomen with paired, pigmented spinal tubercles on each segment. Alata with maculate forewings and short pterostigma .....Pterochloroides persicae

- Dorsal abdomen without dark tubercles. Forewings of alata not maculate, and with a long pterostigma .....10

10 Forewing of alata with pterostigma curved distally, extended around wing-tip

.....Longistigma xizangensis*

- Forewing of alata with pterostigma almost straight, not extending around tip of wing

.....Pyrolachnus pyri

11 Head with well-developed antennal tubercles, their inner faces scabrous or spinulose and bearing short, blunt or slightly clavate hairs (e.g., fig. 42I ) .....12

- Head with antennal tubercles either undeveloped or with inner faces smooth and divergent and bearing pointed hairs .....16

12 SIPH slightly to moderately swollen on distal half (fig.121H) .....Myzus persicae

- SIPH cylindrical or tapering on distal half, or at most slightly swollen subapically .....13

13 Inner faces of antennal tubercles approximately parallel. ANT III almost always with a single small rhinarium near base .....Aulacorthum solani

- Inner faces of antennal tubercles apically convergent. ANT III without rhinaria .....14

14 Genital plate enlarged and produced posteriorly. ANT PT/BASE less than 4. SIPH dark, very coarsely imbricated (scabrous), and with a small flange (fig. 60F)

.....Ovatus malisuctus

- Genital plate normal. ANT PT/BASE more than 4. SIPH pale or dusky, moderately imbricated, with a well-developed flange (fig. 60G) .....15

15 Spring migrant alata with 60-83 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 36-52 on ANT IV and 13-22 on ANT V .....Ovatus insitus

- Spring migrant alata with 22-49 rhinaria on ANT III, 5-20 on IV and 0-10 on V

.....Ovatus crataegarius

16 Head capsule of aptera spinulose or nodulose .....17

- Head capsule of aptera smooth or wrinkled .....18

17 SIPH short, of similar length to short cauda, with closely-spaced rows of nodules or spinules (fig. 42M ) .....Nearctaphis bakeri

- SIPH more than 4 × cauda; jet black and imbricated in aptera (= fundatrix), dark and mainly smooth in alata .....Muscaphis smithi

18 Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, clearly longer than basal width .....19

- Cauda short, helmet-shaped, semi-circular or triangular, not longer than or about as long as its basal width in dorsal view .....29

19 Body oval, with SIPH only about half as long as the distance between their bases, without polygonal reticulation. Antennal tubercles weakly developed or undeveloped. Aptera without rhinaria on ANT III .....20

- Body spindle-shaped, SIPH longer than the distance between their bases, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Antennal tubercles divergent in dorsal view. Aptera with a few rhinaria on ANT III near base .....28

20 Marginal tubercles on ABD TERG 7 placed posteriodorsally to spiracle, and no larger than the spiracular opening (fig. 42H) …..21

- Marginal tubercles on ABD TERG 7 placed posterioventrally to spiracle and usually larger than spiracular opening (fig. 42H) .....22

21 SIPH slightly swollen subapically and constricted before the well-developed apical flange (fig. 60H). ANT III 1.8-2.3 × R IV+V .....Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae

- SIPH tapering from base to apex, with flange only moderately developed. ANT III more than 3 × longer than R IV+V …..Schizaphis mali

22 Stridulatory apparatus present, with sclerotic ridges on abdominal sternites 5 and 6 and a row of peg-like hairs on hind tibia (fig. 122). ANT PT/BASE 3.5-5.0

.....Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

- No stridulatory ridges present, and peg-like hairs on hind tibia only in one species (Aphis eugeniae). ANT PT/BASE less than 3.5 .....23

23 Femoral hairs long and fine, many exceeding the length of the trochantro-femoral suture. Cauda with 6-24 hairs ....24

- Femoral hairs mostly short, with only a few ventral hairs long and those not exceeding the length of the trochantro-femoral suture. Cauda with 4-8 hairs .....27

24 Aptera with black transverse bands on ABD TERG 7 and 8, and at least some dark spino-pleural markings anterior to SIPH. Alata with a series of dorsal abdominal transverse bars. Cauda tongue- shaped, without a trace of a constriction .....Aphis fabae

- Aptera without dark dorsal abdominal markings, and alata with only marginal sclerites. Cauda finger-shaped, with a slight constriction near midpoint (fig. 121T) .....25

25 Hind tarsus usually with 3 hairs (a sense peg plus 2 lateral hairs), like the fore and mid-tarsi (fig. 60I). Basal half of hind tibia with a spaced-out row of short peg-like hairs

.....Aphis eugeniae

- Hind tarsus with only 2 hairs (no sense peg; fig. 60J). Hind tibia without peg-like hairs

.....26

26 Marginal tubercles present on ABD TERG 2-4. Cauda with 10-19 hairs (rarely less than 13). R IV+V more than 120 µm .....Aphis pomi

- Marginal tubercles usually absent from ABD TERG 2-4. Cauda with 7-15 hairs (rarely more than 12). R IV+V less than 120 µm .....Aphis spiraecola

27 Dorsum of aptera mainly black. SIPH and cauda black, the cauda having a rather pointed apex .....Aphis craccivora

- Dorsum of aptera pale. SIPH usually darker than cauda, which has a rounded apex

.....Aphis gossypii

28 Front of head pale or dusky. SIPH of aptera pale at least on basal half, sometimes dusky towards apex .....Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- Front of head black. SIPH wholly black .....Macrosiphum rosae

29 Abdomen without marginal tubercles. SIPH more than 3.5× cauda

.....Allocotaphis quaestionis

- Abdomen with marginal tubercles on most segments. SIPH less than 3.5× cauda .....30

30 Antennae of apt. at least as long as distance from frons to bases of SIPH, and those of al. about as long as body. Apt. without pigmentation of abdominal tergites anterior to SIPH

.....Dysaphis plantaginea

- Antennae of apt. shorter than the distance from frons to bases of SIPH, and those of al. less than body length. Apt. with dorsal abdominal pigment spots or patches anterior to SIPH

.....31

31 Late spring colonies include many apterae, or alatiform apterae with sclerotised thorax (monoecious, non-migratory species) .....32

- Late spring colonies include many immature and adult alatae (host-alternating species)

.....33

32 Longest hairs on ANT III longer than BD III. True aptera (no sclerotisation of thorax) with only sparse abdominal pigmentation .....Dysaphis devecta

- Longest hairs on ANT III less than 0.5× BD III. True aptera with broad dark bands or paired patches on all tergites .....Dysaphis affinis

33 (Remaining couplets apply only to spring migrant alatae) Each antenna with a total of

112-198 secondary rhinaria. HT I usually with 3 hairs …..34

- Each antenna with a total of 20-113 secondary rhinaria. HT I with 2 or 3 hairs …..36

34 Marginal tubercles usually absent from ABD TERG 6, rarely present on both sides (3% of individuals). Longest hair on ANT III is 34-59 μm, and on ABD TERG 8 is 58-92 μm

…..Dysaphis brancoi ssp. malina

- Marginal tubercles usually present on ABD TERG 1-7 inclusive, rarely (5% of individuals) absent from both sides of ABD TERG 6. Longest hair on ANT III is 12-50 μm, and on ABD TERG 8 is 22-90 μm …..35

35 Longest hair on ANT III is 12-45 μm, and on ABD TERG 8 is 22-54 μm

.....Dysaphis brancoi s.str.

- Longest hair on ANT III is 18-50 μm, and on ABD TERG 8 is 57-90 μm

..... Dysaphis brancoi ssp. rogersoni

36 Ratio of total number of secondary rhinaria on both antennae to length of SIPH (in µm) is 1.12-1.64 .....37

- Ratio of total number of secondary rhinaria on both antennae to length of SIPH 0.26-1.00

.....38

37 Marginal tubercles frequently present on ABD TERG 1-7 inclusive. Ratios of diameter of SIPH at midpoint to diameters of largest and smallest marginal tubercles on ABD TERG

1-5 are 0.8-1.1, and 1.1-1.8, respectively. ANT V with 0-6 secondary rhinaria

.....Dysaphis sibirica

- Marginal tubercles present on ABD TERG 1-5, or 1-5 and 7 (never on 6). Ratios of diameter of SIPH at midpoint to diameters of largest and smallest tubercles on ABD TERG 1-5 are 1.3-2.1 and 2.7-6.0 respectively. ANT V with 3-10 secondary rhinaria

.....Dysaphis mordvilkoi (or deltoidei)

38 Posterior part of pronotum with a pair of pleural hairs (arrowed) .....39

- Posterior part of pronotum without a pair of pleural hairs (although occasionally one is present) .....42

39 ABD TERG 8 with 7-10 hairs. Longest hair on ANT III 42-64 µm long, 1.6-2.7× BD III

.....Dysaphis chaerophylli

- ABD TERG 8 with 4-5 hairs. Hairs on ANT III are maximally 39 µm, not more than 1.7× BD III .....40

40 Cauda with 6-9 hairs. Longest hair on ANT III is 13-18 µm, usually shorter than BD III

.....Dysaphis flava

- Cauda with 4-6 hairs, usually 5; rarely with 7. Longest hair on ANT III is 9-39 µm, longer or shorter than BD III, but if shorter then very blunt or dilated apically .....41

41 Spino-pleural hairs on ABD TERG 3 usually short and blunt, maximally 11-23 µm long. Longest hair on ANT III 9-29 µm, 0.4-1.3× BD III. Marginal tubercles present on ABD TERG 1-7 inclusive (occasionally absent from one side on 6) .....Dysaphis radicola group

- Spino-pleural hairs on ABD TERG 3 pointed, the longest being more than 25 µm long. Longest hair on ANT III in range 20-39 µm, 1.0-1.7× BD III. Marginal tubercles present on ABD TERG 1-5, or 1-5 and 7; absent from 6 except rarely on one side only

.....Dysaphis anthrisci group

42 Each antenna with a total of 60-99 secondary rhinaria. R IV+V less than 1.1× HT II

.....Dysaphis affinis

- Each antenna with a total of 26-59 secondary rhinaria. R IV+V usually more than 1.1× HT II

.....43

43 Total number of "spinal" tubercles (including those on head) 6-19. Each antenna with a total of 37-59 (usually more than 46) secondary rhinaria .....Dysaphis armeniaca

- Total number of "spinal" tubercles (including those on head) 2-7. Each antenna with a total of 26-46 secondary rhinaria .....Dysaphis foeniculus ssp. malidauci

Malva Malvaceae

Malva aegyptia Aphis frangulae

M. alcea Aphis gossypii, umbrella

M. arborea Aphis gossypii, umbrella; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus, persicae

M. assurgentiflora Myzus persicae

M. borealis Aphis umbrella

M. cathayensis Aphis umbrella

M. crispa = M. verticillata

M. linnaei Aphis craccivora, fabae, umbrella; Brachycaudus malvae;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus, persicae

M. meluca = M. verticillata

M. moschata Acyrthosiphon malvae; Aphis fabae; Myzus persicae

M. neglecta Acyrthosiphon gossypii, malvae, [pisum];

Aphis althaeae, craccivora, fabae, gossypii, nasturtii,

spiraecola, umbrella;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi, malvae;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, [malvicola (nomen dubium)];

Myzus persicae; Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

M. nicaeensis Aphis spiraecola, umbrella; Myzus persicae

M. olitoria Myzus persicae

M. parviflora Acyrthosiphon gossypii;

Aphis craccivora, gossypii, umbrella;

Brachycaudus malvae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus, persicae; [Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae];

[Uroleucon compositae]

M. peruviana = Fuertesimalva peruviana

M. plebeja Brachycaudus malvae

M. pusilla Aphis althaeae, craccivora, fabae, gossypii, nasturtii,

umbrella;

Aulacorthum solani;

[Macrosiphum malvicola Shinji (nomen dubium)];

Myzus ascalonicus, persicae;

Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

M. sinensis = M. cathayensis

M. sylvestris Acyrthosiphon gossypii, malvae;

(incl. var. mauritiana) Aphis fabae, gossypii, umbrella; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus malvae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus, persicae;

[Uroleucon sp. (Leonard, 1964: 98)]

M. thuringiaca Acyrthosiphon malvae;

Aphis althaeae, nasturtii, solanella, umbrella;

[Brachycaudus sp. (Bozhko 1976)]; Myzus persicae

M. trimestris Aphis umbrella; Myzus persicae

M. verticillata Aphis gossypii, umbrella; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Malva spp. Aphis [eupatorii], solanella; [Cryptomyzus alboapicalis];

Pseudomegoura magnoliae

Key to apterae on Malva:-

1 Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view. SIPH with an annular incision proximal to the flange. Spiracular apertures large and rounded …..2

- Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, longer than its basal width. SIPH (if present) without any distinct subapical annular incision. Spiracular apertures reniform …..3

2 Dorsum with an extensive solid black sclerotic shield. Hairs on ANT III are very short, only 0.20-0.25 × BD III …..Brachycaudus malvae

- Dorsum without a dark sclerotic shield. Hairs on ANT III are longer, 0.5-0.7 × BD III

…..Brachycaudus helichrysi

3 SIPH pale, very long and attenuated distally, thinner than hind tibiae at their respective midlengths, 0.33-0.45 × BL and 2.5-3.5 × cauda …..Acyrthosiphon gossypii

- SIPH (if present) pale or dark, thicker and relatively shorter …..4

4 SIPH pale or dusky, or only dark towards apex, ANT tubercles weakly developed, and marginal tubercles (MTu) always present on ABD TERG 1 and 7 …..5

- Without the above combination of characters; i.e., either SIPH (if present) are wholly dark or ANT tubercles are well developed and MTu are absent from ABD TERG 1 and 7

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids

5 ANT 5-segmented. R IV+V very long, narrow and pointed, 4-5 × its basal width and 1.6-2.1 × HT II. Hairs on ABD TERG 2-4 are mostly longer than ANT BD III. MTu are absent from ABD TERG 2-5 .....Aphis althaeae

- ANT 5- or 6-segmented. R IV+V less than 3 × its basal width and 0.95-1.6 × HT II. Hairs on ABD TERG 2-4 are shorter than ANT BD III. MTu are often present on ABD TERG 2-5 as well as 1 and 7 .....6

6 MTu only sporadically present on ABD TERG 2-5, and diameter of tubercle on ABD TERG 7 is less than that of base of ANT III. SIPH 0.8-1.5 × cauda. R IV+V 0.95-1.2 × HT II. ANT VI BASE 0.85-1.1 × HT II .....Aphis nasturtii

- MTu usually present (except in summer dwarfs) on ABD TERG 2-5 in addition to those on 1 and 7, those on 7 being greater in diameter than base of ANT III. SIPH 1.35-2.5 × cauda. R IV+V 1.0-1.6 × HT II. ANT VI BASE 1.0-1.35 × HT II ..... Aphis umbrella

Malvastrum Malvaceae

Malvastrum americanum Aphis gossypii, umbrella

M. coccineum = Sphaeralcea coccinea

M. corchorifolium Aphis gossypii

M. coromandelianum Aphis gossypii

M. peruvianum = Fuertesimalva peruviana

M. tricuspidatum = Malvastrum americanum

Use key to apterae on Malva.

Malvaviscus Malvaceae

Malvaviscus arboreus Aphis aurantii, gossypii; Aulacorthum solani;

(incl. vars drummondii, Myzus ornatus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus

mexicanus, penduliflorus)

M. conzattii = M. arboreus var. mexicanus

M. grandiflorus = M. arboreus var. mexicanus

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Mammea Calophyllaceae

Mammea americana Aphis aurantii, gossypii

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Mandevilla Apocynaceae

Mandevilla laxa Aphis aurantii, craccivora, gossypii; Myzus persicae

M. suaveolens = M. laxa

Mandevilla sp. [Sitobion pseudoluteum]

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Mangifera Mangoes Anacardiaceae

Mangifera indica Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, odinae, solanella,

spiraecola;

Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii, citricidus;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; Greenidea mangiferae, [heeri];

                                                              Macrosiphum [centranthi], euphorbiae; Myzus persicae;
                                                      Sinomegoura citricola; Sitobion krahi

Key to species on Mangifera:-

1 SIPH with numerous very long hairs .....Greenidea mangiferae

- SIPH without hairs .....2

2 SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. SIPH and antennae mainly dark in both aptera and alata. SIPH at midpoint of similar thickness to hind femora. Hairs on ANT III all less than half basal diameter of segment .....Sitobion krahi

- SIPH without any subapical polygonal reticulation, or if with reticulation then other characters do not apply .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Manihot Euphorbiaceae

Manihot esculenta Aphis craccivora; [Rhopalosiphum esculentum]

M. utilissima = M. esculenta

Manilkara see Achras Sapotaceae

Manilkara zapota = Achras zapota

Mantisalca Asteraceae

Mantisalca salmantica Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus helichrysi

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Mapouria see Psychotria Rubiaceae

Marah (including Megarrhiza) Cucurbitaceae

Marah fabaceus Aphis gossypii

M. oreganus Macrosiphum sp. (Leonard 1974)

Maranta Marantaceae

Maranta arundinacea Aphis gossypii

Maranta sp. Myzus persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Marcetella Rosaceae

Marcetella maderensis see Sanguisorba maderensis

Marcgravia Marcgravaceae

Marcgravia rectiflora = M. trinitatis

M. trinitatis Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Margaretta Asclepiadaceae

Margaretta whitei Brachycaudus helichrysi; Aphis nerii

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Margaritaria Phyllanthaceae

Margaritaria discoidea Schoutedenia ralumensis

var. nitida

Marianthus Pittosporaceae

Marianthus lineatus Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Mariscus see Cyperus Cyperaceae

Markhamia Bignoniaceae

Markhamia acuminata = M. zanzibarica

M. hildebrandtii = M.lutea

M. lutea Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae

M. nutans (?) [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972)]

M. platycalyx = M.lutea

M. zanzibarica Aphis craccivora, gossypii

Markhamia sp. Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Marrubium Lamiaceae

Marrubium alternidens = M. anisodon

M. anisodon [Aphis affinis, craccivora]

M. incisum (= Lagopsis supina) Aphis gossypii (? - on roots with eggs; Chu 1949:100)

M. peregrinum [Aphis frangulae (or ballotae? - Holman & Pintera 1981)]

M. supinum Aphis ballotae, gossypii; Cryptomyzus ballotae, taoi

M. vulgare Aphis ballotae, [frangulae], gossypii;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus ballotae;

Cryptomyzus ballotae

Key to apterae on Marrubium:-

1 Dorsal body hairs are long and thick, much longer than ANT BD III, and many or all of them have knobbed or expanded apices, and arise from tuberculate bases. ANT PT/BASE 6.4-10.5

…..2

- Dorsal body hairs mostly shorter than BD III; pointed or blunt, or if with somewhat expanded apices then without tuberculate bases. ANT PT/BASE 1.9-5.5 …..3

2 ANT PT/BASE 9.0-10.5. R IV+V 1.3-1.5 × HT II, with 7-9 accessory hairs

…..Cryptomyzus taoi

- ANT PT/BASE 6.4-8.8. R IV+V 1.5-1.6 × HT II, with 8-14 accessory hairs

…..Cryptomyzus ballotae

3 Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width in dorsal view. Dorsal abdomen dark, or with dark cross-bands. Spiracles large and rounded …..Brachycaudus ballotae

- Cauda tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width in dorsal view. Dorsum mainly or entirely pale. Spiracles reniform (i.e. partially covered by sclerites) .....4

4 ANT tubercles well developed, with inner faces steep-sided and spiculose. ANT III usually with 1-2 small rhinaria near base. SIPH pale, tapering/ cylindrical, with a well-developed flange. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) …..Aulacorthum solani

- ANT tubercles weakly developed. ANT III without rhinaria. SIPH wholly dark. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu …..Aphis ballotae or Aphis gossypii

Marsdenia Apocynaceae

Marsdenia australis Aphis nerii

M. latifolia Aphis gossypii

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Marsilea Marsileaceae

Martsilea polycarpa Idiopterus nephrelepidis; Myzus persicae;

Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

M. quadrifolia = M. polycarpa

M. strigosa Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

M. vestita Myzus persicae

Marsilea sp. Aphis fabae

Key to apterae on Marsilea:-

1 Head almost smooth with ANT tubercles weakly developed. SIPH uniformly dusky or dark

…..2

- Head spiculose with well-developed ANT tubercles. SIPH at least partly pale …..3

2 SIPH swollen on distal half. Dorsal cuticle ornamented with spicules arranged in polygons

…..Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

- SIPH tapering/cylindrical. Dorsal cuticle without spicules arranged in polygons

…..Aphis fabae

3 SIPH pale, sometimes dark at apices, slightly clavate. Dorsal hairs short and blunt, without tuberculate bases. Head and ANT I-II pale …..Myzus persicae

- SIPH black on basal part, contrastingly pale distally. Dorsal hairs thick and expanded apically, arising from tuberculate bases. Head and ANT I-II black

…..Idiopterus nephrelepidis

Marsypianthes Lamiaceae

Marsypianthes chamaedrys Aphis gossypii; Myzus ornatus

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Martynia Martyniaceae

Martynia annua Aphis gossypii

M. diandra = Martynia annua

M. louisiana = Proboscidea louisiana

M. lutea = Ibicella lutea

Maruta see Anthemis Asteraceae

Masakia Celastraceae

Masakia japonica = Euonymus hederaceus

Masdevallia Orchidaceae

Masdevallia sp. Sitobion pseudoluteum

Mastichodendron see Sideroxylon Sapindaceae

Matayba Sapindaceae

Matayba oppositifolia Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Matricaria (includng Chamomilla, Lepidotheca) Asteraceae

Matricaria ambigua = Tripleurospermum ambiguum var. phaenocephalum

M. breviradiata Aphis fabae

M. caucasica = Matricaria. breviradiata

M. chamomilla Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, nasturtii, spiraecola,

vandergooti;

Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi, lateralis;

[Cavariella aegopodii]; Coloradoa inodorella;

Macrosiphoniella abrotani, tanacetaria, tapuskae;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Metopeurum matricariae;

Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Pemphigus sp.;

Protaphis dudichi, [terricola]; Trama troglodytes

M. corymbifera = Tripleurospermum disciforme

M. disciformis = Tripleurospermum disciforme

M. discoidea Aphis solanella;

Brachycaudus cardui, he;lichrysi, lateralis;

Coloradoa inodorella; Macrosiphoniella tapuskae

M. inodora = Tripleurospermum inodorum

M. maritima = Tripleurospermum maritimum

M. matricarioides (incl. Aphis duduchi, fabae, gossypii, nasturtii, solanella,

suaveolens) spiraecola, [spiraephaga], vandergooti;

Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi, lateralis;

Coloradoa inodorella;

Macrosiphoniella abrotani, tapuskae; Smynthurodes betae

M. parthenoides Brachycaudus helichrysi

M. perforata = Tripleurospermum inodorum

M. recutita = Matricaria chamomilla

M. suaveolens = Matricaria matricarioides

M. tenuifolia = Tripleurospermum tenuifolium

M. tetragonasperma Aphis fabae

Matricaria spp. Aphis matricariae; Macrosiphoniella silvestrii; Myzus cymbalariae

Key to apterae on Matricaria and Tripleurospermum:-

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Eyes composed of only 3 facets. SIPH absent .....2

- ANT PT/BASE more than 0.7. Eyes multi-faceted. SIPH present .....3

2 Hind tarsi greatly elongated, more than 0.6 × hind tibiae. Body and appendages densely covered in fine hairs. No discrete wax glands …..Trama troglodytes

- Hind tarsi normal. Body with rather sparse, short hairs. Posterior part of abdomen with paired wax glands …..Pemphigus sp(p)

3 Cauda helmet-shaped or triangular, shorter than or not more than 1.25 × longer than its basal width in dorsal view …..4

- Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, more than 1.5 × longer than its basal width …..8

4 Cauda helmet-shaped, constricted at base and rounded at apex. Spiracular apertures large and rounded. SIPH with a subapical annular incision …..5

- Cauda triangular, tapering, without any basal constriction. Spiracular apertures small, oval or reniform. SIPH without any distinct subapical annular incision …..7

5 Dorsum without dark markings. Mesosternum without mammariform processes. R IV+V 0.10-0.15 mm, 1.2-1.3 × HT II. SIPH pale, smooth, 0.8-2.0 × cauda

…..Brachycaudus helichrysi

- Dorsum with an extensive black shield. Mesosternum with a pair of dark mammariform processes. R IV+V 0.17-0.24 mm, 1.4-2.0 × HT II. SIPH dark, imbricated, 1.7-3.4 × cauda

…..6

6 Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 30-61 µm long. Longest hairs on hind femur 10-25µm long

.....Brachycaudus lateralis

- Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are at least 70µm long. Longest hairs on hind femur more than 25µm long .....Brachycaudus cardui

7 SIPH very short, black, cylindrical, much shorter than R IV+V. ANT PT/BASE 0.8-1.3. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with large marginal tubercles (MTu) …..Protaphis dudichi

- SIPH pale or dark, narrow at base, somewhat swollen on distal half, longer than R IV+V. ANT PT/BASE 1.3-1.9. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu …..Coloradoa inodorella

8 SIPH with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation …..9

- SIPH without any polygonal reticulation …..16

9 SIPH 0.6-1.3 × cauda, and reticulated on distal 0.40-0.67 of length …..10

- SIPH 1.6-2.3 × cauda, and reticulated on distal 0.12-0.33 …..14

10 ANT, legs mostly pale, or pale on at least basal part of ANT III, bases of femora and middle sections of tibiae. SIPH pale at least basally. Cauda pale or dusky .....11

- ANT, legs, SIPH and cauda all wholly dark .....12

11 SIPH more than 0.9 × head width across (and including) eyes, and at least as long as the cauda, which bears 18-33 hairs .....Macrosiphoniella oblonga

- SIPH less than 0.9 × head width across eyes and usually shorter than cauda, which bears 12-28 hairs ….Macrosiphoniella abrotani

12 SIPH thicker than and 1.1-1.3 × cauda. Dorsal abdomen with paired dark spinal sclerites, each bearing 2-3 hairs …..Macrosiphoniella silvestrii

- SIPH thinner than and 0.6-1.0 × cauda. Dorsum with or without dark sclerites .....13

13 All dorsal abdominal hairs arising from conspicuous dark scleroites (Fig.5g). PT 3.3-4.3 × BASE VI. R IV+V 0.9-1.2 × HT II ......Macrosiphoniella millefolii

- Dorsal abdominal hairs not arising from dark scleroites. PT 2.9-3.5 × BASE VI. RIV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II ......Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria

14 ANT III with 1-7 (-10) rhinaria. SIPH not flared distally (often with the reticulated part somewhat constricted), but with a distinct flange …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- ANT III with 6-26 rhinaria. SIPH flared distally, but with flange undeveloped …..15

15 SIPH mainly pale, broad-based (Fig.5i), 0.25-0.30 × BL and 1.8-2.3 × cauda, which is tongue-shaped. ANT tubercles well-developed …..Macrosiphoniella tapuskae

- SIPH wholly dusky/dark, narrow-based, c.0.2 × BL and c.1.6-1.8 × cauda. Cauda elongate triangular. ANT tubercles rather weakly developed …..Metopeurum matricariae

16 ABD TERG 1-4 (-5) and 7 or 1-7 with conical or domed marginal tubercles (MTu) .....17

- MTu either absent or only regularly present on (prothorax and) ABD TERG 1 and 7 .....18

17 SIPH 0.8-1.1 × cauda. Longest hairs on ANT III 1.0-3.2 × BD III …..Aphis lindae

- SIPH 1.9-2.6 × cauda. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.4-0.6 × BD III …..Aphis vandergooti

18 SIPH dark 0.65-0.80 × cauda, which is similarly pigmented and bears 6-10 hairs. Dorsal abdomen with variable dorsal dark markings anterior to SIPH. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.0

..…Aphis matricariae

- SIPH longer than 0.8 × cauda and other characters not in that combination .....19

19 Head smooth with well-developed, divergent ANT tubercles. SIPH mainly pale, thin, at midlength similar in thickness to middle part of hind tibia .....Acyrthosiphon ilka

- Without that combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Matteuccia (including Pteretis) Woodsiaceae

Matteuccia intermedia [Amphorophora scabripes ssp. galba]

M. struthiopteris Amphorophora ampullata, ampullata ssp. laingi;

Macrosiphum adianti, walkeri; Neomyzus circumflexus

Use key to fern-feeding aphids under Polypodium.

Matthiola Brassicaceae

Matthiola annua = M. incana

M. bicornis = M. longipetala ssp. bicornis

M. fruticulosa (incl. ssp. Brevicoryne brassicae; Lipaphis erysimi

perennis)

M. incana Aphis fabae, gossypii, nasturtii; Aulacorthum solani;

Brevicoryne brassicae; Lipamyzodes matthiolae;

Lipaphis erysimi, pseudobrassicae; Myzus persicae

M. livida = M. longipetala ssp. livida

M. longipetala (incl. sspp. Acyrthosiphon gossypii;

bicornis, livida) Lipaphis erysimi, pseudobrassicae; Myzus persicae

M. odoratissima Brevicoryne brassicae

M. perennis = M. fruticulosa ssp. perennis

Key to apterae on Matthiola:-

1 ANT III 2.1-3.7 × the short and somewhat barrel-shaped SIPH. Cauda broadly triangular, not longer than its basal width. ANT tubercles undeveloped. Dorsal abdomen with dark markings …..Brevicoryne brassicae

- ANT III 0.8-2.0 × SIPH, which are not barrel-shaped. Cauda tongue-shaped or triangular, longer than its basal width. ANT tubercles are variably developed, and dorsal abdomen is with or without dark markings …..2

2 SIPH pale, very long and attenuated distally, thinner than hind tibiae at their respective midlengths, 0.33-0.45 × BL and 2.5-3.5 × cauda …..Acyrthosiphon gossypii

- SIPH pale or dark, thicker and relatively shorter …..3

3 Ventral surfaces of femora scabrous or heavily imbricated. ANT tubercles variably developed, with inner faces divergent; if well developed then the median frontal tubercle is also well developed .....4

- Ventral surfaces of femora smooth or weakly imbricated or, if scabrous or heavily imbricated, then the ANT tubercles are well developed, with inner faces parallel or apically convergent, and the median frontal tubercle is undeveloped

.....go to key to polyphagous aphids

4 ANT pale except for much darker apex of ANT V and whole of VI. ANT PT/BASE 2.7-3.5. R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT II. Dorsal cuticle smooth. Cauda pale, 0.4-0.6 × SIPH, and 0.6-1.3 × R IV+V .....Lipamyzodes matthiolae

- ANT uniformly dusky or dark except for basal part of ANT III. ANT PT/BASE 1.8-2.7. R IV+V 0.6-0.9 × HT II. Dorsal cuticle roughened. Cauda dusky or dark, 0.6-0.9 × SIPH and 1.2-1.9 × R IV+V .....5

5 ANT III + PT together 1.95-2.5 × SIPH (90% of specimens less than 2.4 ×)

…..Lipaphis erysimi

- ANT III + PT together 2.1-3.2 × SIPH (90% of specimens more than 2.4 ×)

…..Lipaphis pseudobrassicae

Maurandya Plantaginaceae

Maurandya “hendersoni” Myzus persicae

= M. barclaiana?

Mauritia Arecaceae

Mauritia flexuosa Cerataphis brasiliensis

M. vinifera = M. flexuosa

Use key to aphids on palms under Calamus.

Mauritiella Arecaceae

Mauritiella armata Cerataphis brasiliensis

Maytenus (including Gymnosporia) Celastraceae

Maytenus arbutifolia Aphis aurantii, fabae; Myzus persicae

M. boaria Aphis aurantii, spiraecola; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

M. heterophylla Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae

M. royleana [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972)]

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Mazus Phrymaceae

M. japonicus Neotoxoptera oliveri

M. miquelii (incl. var. stolonifer) Aleurodaphis blumeae; Schizaphis minuta

M. surculosus Dysaphis microsiphon; [Protrama longitarsus sclerodensis]

Mazus sp. Myzus persicae

Key to apterae on Mazus:-

1 Eyes with only 3 facets. Body elongate oval, small (BL less than 1.3 mm), sclerotic dorsally, with a crenulate margin due to a continuous fringe of wax glands. SIPH as pores with raised rims. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed …..Aleurodaphis blumeae

- Eyes multifaceted, and all other characters above also do not apply …..2

2 SIPH dark, only 0.03-0.08 mm long, 0.4-0.8 × cauda which is helmet-shaped, distinctly shorter than its basal width. Body and appendages with numerous long hairs. ABD TERG 1-5 with marginal tubercles …..Dysaphis microsiphon

- Without that combination of characters …..3

3 SIPH tapering/cylindrical, mainly pale with dark apices. Head smooth with ANT tubercles low, not or hardly projecting forward beyond middle part of front of head in dorsal view. ANT with primary rhinaria on ANT V much smaller than that on VI, its diameter 0.3-0.4 × width of segment at that point. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with small marginal tubercles

.....Schizaphis minuta

- Without that combination of characters .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Mecardonia Plantaginaceae

Mecardonia procumbens Aphis gossypii

Meconopsis Papaveraceae

Meconopsis betonicifolia Aulacorthum solani; Myzus persicae

M. cambrica Aphis fabae; Myzus ornatus

M. paniculata Aulacorthum solani; Myzus persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Medicago Fabaceae

Medicago arabica Acyrthosiphon pisum; Therioaphis trifolii

M. arborea Aphis craccivora, Aphis (Pergandeida) sp. (France, BMNH

collection, leg. F. Leclant);

Therioaphis trifolii

M. caerulea Acyrthosiphon pisum; Therioaphis trifolii

M. carstiensis Acyrthosiphon pisum

M. corniculata Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphis craccivora;

Brachycaudus helichrysi

M. coronata Acyrthosiphon gossypii, pisum

M. denticulata = M. polymorpha

M. disciformis Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphis craccivora

M. falcata Acyrthosiphon [hissaricum], kondoi, pisum;

Aphis coronillae ssp. arenaria, [craccae], craccivora,

[loti], [lotiradicis], medicaginis;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus;

Therioaphis [brachytricha], trifolii

M. galilaea = M. granadensis

M. glomerata Therioaphis trifolii

M. granadensis Acyrthosiphon pisum

M. helix = M. tornata ssp. helix

M. hispida = M. polymorpha

M. indica (?) Therioaphis rhiemi

M. laciniata Acyrthosiphon gossypii, pisum; Aphis craccivora

M. littoralis Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphis craccivora;

Therioaphis trifolii

M. lupulina Acyrthosiphon kondoi, pisum;

Aphis coronillae ssp. arenaria, craccivora, fabae,

medicaginis;

Megoura viciae; Myzus ornatus, persicae;

Pemphigus populi;

Therioaphis [brachytricha], [ononidis], subalba, trifolii

M. marina Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphis craccivora

M. media = M. sativa ssp. varia

M. medicaginoides Aphis craccivora

M. minima Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphis craccivora;

Therioaphis trifolii

M. orbicularis Therioaphis rhiemi

M. orthoceras Aphis craccivora

M. perennis (?) Macrosiphum albifrons

M. polycarpa = M. polymorpha

M. polyceratia Aphis craccivora

M. polymorpha (incl. var. Acyrthosiphon kondoi, pisum; Aphis craccivora, fabae;

vulgaris) Megoura viciae; Myzus persicae; Nearctaphis sensoriata;

Therioaphis trifolii

M. prostrata Acyrthosiphon pisum; Therioaphis trifolii

M. radiata Acyrthosiphon pisum

M. rigidula Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphis craccivora;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Therioaphis trifolii

M. romanica = M. falcata

M. ruthenica Aphis craccivora

M. sativa (incl. ssp. varia) Acyrthosiphon gossypii, [hissaricum], kondoi, loti, pisum;

[Anuriella dorsolineata del Guercio (nomen dubium)];

Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, [incerta],

[loti], medicaginis, yangbajaingana;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

[Cavariella llhasana]; [Macrosiphoniella maculata];

Macrosiphum creelii, euphorbiae; Megoura viciae;

Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae; Nearctaphis bakeri;

[Pemphigus sp. (Zwölfer 1958)];

[Schizaphis rotundiventris]; Smynthurodes betae;

Therioaphis [brachytricha], [cana], riehmi, [luteola],

[ononidis], subalba, trifolii, trifolii ssp. maculata,

trifolii ssp. ventromaculata

M. sulcata (?) Aphis craccivora

M. tianschanica = M. sativa. ssp. varia

M. tornata ssp. helix Aphis craccivora

M. truncatula Acyrthosiphon kondoi, pisum; Aphis craccivora;

Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Therioaphis trifolii ssp. maculata

M. turbinata Aphis fabae

M. ×varia Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphis coronillae, craccivora;

Aulacorthum solani; Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae

Medicago sp. [Aphis sibirica]

Key to apterae on Medicago:-

(Couplet 1-3 only can be applied to both apterae and alatae. For an illustrated, simplified key to common alfalfa aphids see Blackman & Eastop 2000.)

1 Cauda with a constriction and a knob-like apex. Anal plate bilobed. Dorsal hairs arising from pigmented bases (if apt. then these hairs are mostly long and capitate). Fore coxae greatly enlarged. ANT PT/BASE about 1 …..2

- Cauda tongue-shaped, rounded or triangular in dorsal view, or not evident. Anal plate entire. Body hairs blunt or pointed, with or without pigmented bases. Fore coxae normal. ANT PT/BASE either much more or much less than 1 …..5

2 (Apterous viviparae are very rare.) ABD TERG 1-5 each with 4 hairs (1 pair spinal, 1 pair marginal) …..Therioaphis riehmi

- (Apterae are common.) ABD TERG 1-5 each usually with 6 or more hairs …..3

3 ABD TERG 1-5 each with only 4 long hairs (1 pair spinal, 1 pair marginal), but usually with additional much smaller hairs in pleural region …..Therioaphis subalba

- ABD TERG 1-5 each with 8 or more hairs (2 pairs spinal, 2 marginal) …..4

4 Ventral abdomen with large black submarginal sclerites, each encompassing the bases of 5-6 ventral hairs …..Therioaphis trifolii ssp. ventromaculata

- Ventral abdomen either without any submarginal sclerites or with small or fragmented dusky-dark sclerites, each encompassing bases of 1-4 hairs

.….Therioaphis trifolii (incl. ssp. maculata)

5 Head with well-developed ANT tubercles, the inner faces of which are smooth and divergent

…..6

- ANT tubercles absent or weakly developed, or if well developed then with their inner faces steep-sided and scabrous or spiculose …..13

6 SIPH black, black, swollen in middle (cigar-shaped), similar in length to cauda, which is also black …..Megoura viciae

- SIPH mainly pale, tapering/cylindrical, longer than cauda, which is also pale …..7

7 SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of closed cells). Hairs on ANT III more than 0.5 × BD III …..8

- SIPH without polygonal reticulation. Hairs on ANT III very short and blunt, much less than 0.5 × BD III .….10

8 ANT III with 17-40 rhinaria. BL 3.2-5.1 mm …..Macrosiphum albifrons

- ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria. BL 1.7-4.0 mm …..9

9 ANT VI BASE 0.8-1.3 × R IV+V …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- ANT VI BASE 1.4-2.0 × R IV+V …..Macrosiphum creelii

10 SIPH attenuated distally, as thin as or thinner than hind tibiae at their respective midlengths

…..11

- SIPH not attenuated distally, thicker than hind tibiae at their respective midlengths …..12

11 SIPH 2.2-3.3 × cauda and 0.33-0.45 × BL …..Acyrthosiphon gossypii

- SIPH 1.2-1.9 × cauda and 0.22-0.37 × BL …..Acyrthosiphon pisum

12 ANT PT/BASE 4.3-6.0, and PT usually 1.6-2.5 × cauda. SIPH usually more than 1.7 × cauda

…..Acyrthosiphon kondoi

- ANT PT/BASE 3.0-4.2, and PT usually 1.1-1.6 × cauda. SIPH usually less than 1.7 × cauda

…..Acyrthosiphon loti

13 Head densely spiculose or nodulose, but ANT tubercles are undeveloped. SIPH with close-set, strongly spiculose imbrication. Cauda helmet-shaped or bluntly triangular, not longer than or only a little longer than its basal width in dorsal view …..14

- Head smooth or, if densely spinulose or nodulose then with ANT tubercles well developed. SIPH (if present) with normal imbrication. Cauda (if developed at all) tongue- or finger-like, much longer than its basal width …..15

14 Hind tibiae with numerous rounded scent glands. Dorsal abdomen with black sclerotic shield

…..Nearctaphis sensoriata

- Hind tibiae without scent glands. Dorsal abdomen with small pale to dark hair-bearing sclerites, sometimes fused into larger patches or bars on posterior tergites

…..Nearctaphis bakeri

15 Dorsal abdomen with extensive dark sclerotisation, divided into polygons …..16

- Dorsal abdomen not extensively sclerotised …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

16 SIPH 0.075-0.08 × BL, and 0.65-0.85 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.0

…..Aphis (Pergandeida) sp. on Medicago arborea, France

- SIPH 0.11-0.25 × BL and 1.1-2.1 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-3.3 …..17

17 ABD TERG 2-6 usually without marginal tubercles (MTu) (range 0-3)

…..Aphis craccivora

- ABD TERG 2-4 (-6) regularly bearing dome-shaped MTu (range 4-10) …..18

18 Cauda with most hairs short, blunt and often rather straight or adpressed. Dorsal sclerotisation often fragmented. Longest hairs on ANT III 5-8 μm, 0.15-0.33 × BD III

…..Aphis medicaginis

- Cauda with long, curved, finely-pointed hairs. Dorsal sclerotisation forming a solid patch. Longest hairs on ANT III 8-16 μm, 0.36-0.7 × BD III .....19

19 SIPH 0.49-0.97 × head width across eyes, and 1.0-1.6 × ANT III. ANT PT/BASE 2.1-3.0

…..Aphis coronillae (incl. ssp. arenaria)

- SIPH 0.4-0.5 × head width across eyes, and 0.7-0.8 × ANT III. ANT PT/BASE 1.9-2.4

.....Aphis yangbajaingana

Megapterium Onagraceae

Megapterium missouriense Aphis oenotherae; Myzus persicae

Megarrhiza see Marah Cucurbitaceae

Meibomia see Desmodium Fabaceae

Meiotrichum see Polytrichum Polytrichaceae

Melaleuca Myrtaceae

Melaleuca angustifolia (?) Myzus persicae

M. armillaris [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972)]

M. bracteata Aulacorthum solani

M. brevifolia [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972)]

M. elliptica [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972)]; Aulacorthum solani

M. hamulosa [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972)]

M. lanceolata Sensoriaphis malaleucica

M. lateriflora [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972)]

M. leucadendra Aphis gossypii; Greenidea (Trichosiphum) psidii;
Myzus persicae

M. longicorna = M. macronychia

M. macronychia Aphis gossypii

M. megacephala Macrosiphum euphorbiae

M. monticola = M. bracteata

M. pauciflora Aulacorthum solani

M. platycalyx [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972)]; Aulacorthum solani

M. quinquenervia [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972)]

M. radiata (?) Aphis gossypii

M. squarrosa Aphis gossypii

M. teretifolia Sensoriaphis malaleucica

M. uncinata Aphis gossypii

Melaleuca sp(p). Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Key to aphids on Melaleuca:-

1 SIPH with numerous long hairs. Dorsum of aptera dark, sclerotic, bearing long hairs with furcate apices. Hind tibiae with imbrications bearing minute spinules

.....Greenidea (Trichosiphum) psidii

- SIPH without hairs. Dorsum pale and membranous bearing hairs with finely pointed or blunt apices. Hind tibiae without spinulose imbrication .....2

2 SIPH as small, broad-based cones. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed. ABD TERG 6 and 7 of aptera each with a pair of backwardly-directed processes, and ABD TERG 8 with 4 such processes .....Sensoriaphis malaleucica

- SIPH tubular. Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped. ABD TERG 6-8 without processes

.....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Melampodium Asteraceae

Melampodium perfoliatum Uroleucon ambrosiae

Melampyrum