HOST LISTS and KEYS

2 SIPH tubular, imbricated. ANT III with rhinaria. Dorsal abdomen with a large black sclerite centred on ABD TERG 3-6, but with ABD TERG 7 and 8 unsclerotised

…..Macchiatiella itadori

- SIPH very short, conical, smooth surfaced. ANT III without rhinaria. Dorsal abdomen usually with dark sclerotic bars on ABD TERG 6-8, and sometimes with dark markings anterior to siphunculi, but without a large black central sclerite …..3

3 ANT 5- or 6-segmented, only 0.24-0.38 mm long, 0.17-0.28 × BL. Spinal hairs on ABD TERG 6 and 7 are pointed, 25-44 mm long, similar to those on ABD TERG 8. If dark sclerotic bars are present then these are on ABD TERG 6-8 only

…..Brachycaudus amygdalinus

- ANT usually 6-segmented, 0.49-0.95 mm long, 0.33-0.48 × BL. Spinal hairs on ABD TERG 6 and 7 are 10-15 mm long, much shorter than those on ABD TERG 8. If dark dorsal sclerotic bars are present then they are on ABD TERG 5 as well as 6-8, and often there are irregular dark sclerites on more anterior segments …..Brachycaudus rumexicolens

4 ANT tubercles well developed, projecting well beyond middle part of front of head in dorsal view. No marginal tubercles (MTu) on ABD TERG 1 and 7 …..5

- ANT tubercles weakly developed, not or hardly projecting beyond middle of front of head in dorsal view. MTu always present on ABD TERG 1 and 7 …..11

5 Head spiculose or nodulose. ANT tubercles with inner faces rough and steep-sided, parallel or apically convergent …..6

- Head without numerous spicules or nodules (sometimes with a few spicules ventrally). ANT tubercles with inner faces smooth and divergent …..7

6 ANT III with 6-8 rhinaria. First tarsal segments with 4-4-4 hairs. SIPH slightly swollen, with 2-5 rows of subapical transverse striae and/or polygonal reticulation (Fig.28a)

…..Anaulacorthum fagopyri

- ANT III with 0-2 (-4) rhinaria. First tarsal segments with 3-3-3 or 3-3-2 hairs. SIPH if slightly swollen then without subapical striae or reticulation

` …..polyphagous Aulacorthum and Myzus spp.

(go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 5)

7 SIPH without any polygonal reticulation. Hairs on ANT III and ABD TERG 3 very short with very blunt or incrassate apices, maximally 6-15 mm long, 0.2-0.3 × BD III. Dorsal cuticle sclerotic, wrinkled or variolate …..Acyrthosiphon rubi

- SIPH with several subapical rows of polygonal reticulation. Hairs on ANT III and ABD TERG 3 with blunt or pointed apices, the longest of them at least 0.5 × BDIII. Dorsal cuticle mainly membranous …..8

8 SIPH reticulated over at least distal 0.25 of length. Dorsal abdominal hairs arising from small dark scleroites. Postsiphuncular sclerites present. ANT III with 27-80 rhinaria distributed over most of length …..9

- SIPH with reticulation over distal 0.13-0.20 of length. Dorsal abdominal hairs not arising from dark scleroites. Postsiphuncular sclerites absent. ANT III with 1-13 rhinaria, restricted to basal part …..10

9 SIPH about 2 × the similarly dark cauda. ANT III mainly dark with 60-80 rhinaria. No antesiphuncular sclerites …..Uroleucon compositae

- SIPH about 1.3-1.5 × the much paler cauda. ANT III mainly pale with 23-34 rhinaria. Large, crescent-shaped antesiphuncular sclerites present (Fig.28b) …..Uroleucon fagopyri

10 BL more than 4 mm. SIPH dark. Cauda thick (3 or more × thicker than diameter of SIPH at their respective midpoints), with 11-16 hairs …..Macrosiphum fagopyri

- BL 2-4 mm. SIPH pale, sometimes darker distally. Cauda thinner (less than 2.5 × diameter of SIPH at their respective midpoints), with 8-12 hairs …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

11 ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.0. (Al. with 28-32 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 12-15 on IV and 2-5 on V) …..Aphis neopolygoni*

- ANT PT/BASE 1.9-5.0. (Al. with 2-33 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 0-5 on IV and 0 on V) …..polyphagous Aphis spp.

(use key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24)

Fagus Beeches Fagaceae

Fagus crenata Mesocallis fagicola; Phyllaphis fagi, fagifoliae;
Platyaphis fagi; Stomaphis fagi

      F. grandifolia                                 Eriosoma crataegi group;
                                                        Grylloprociphilus imbricator; Longistigma caryae;
                                                        Phyllaphis fagi, grandifoliae

F. japonica Phyllaphis [fagi], fagifoliae

F.longipetiolata Mollitrichosiphum nandii, tumorisiphum

F. orientalis Phyllaphis fagi

F. sylvatica European Beech
Lachnus pallipes, [roboris]; Phyllaphis fagi

Key to aphids on Fagus:-

1 Apt. with margins of body flattened and coarsely serrate like the teeth of a circular saw, each "tooth" with a backwardly-directed point bearing a minute hair (fig. 47A). Rostrum and antennae both not exceeding 0.2 mm in length .....Platyaphis fagi

- If apt. occur then they are without flattened, serrate margin to body, and the rostrum and antennae both exceed 0.2 mm in length .....2

2 SIPH much longer than wide (tubular) and clothed densely with long hairs .....3

- SIPH if tubular then without hairs .....4

3 SIPH of apt. pale brown and markedly swollen (club-shaped), and those of al. slightly but distinctly swollen on distal half .....Mollitrichosiphum tumorisiphum

- SIPH of apt. (and al.) dark brown and cylindrical, or with only slight swelling of basal half

.....Mollitrichosiphum nandii

4 Antennae densely hairy, with length of hairs mostly equal to or exceeding basal diameter of ANT III. SIPH on broad dark hairy cones .....5

- Antennae with sparse, short hairs. SIPH if present then not as broad dark hairy cones .....7

5 Rostrum longer than body. HT II nearly twice as long as segment II of fore- and mid-tarsi

.....Stomaphis fagi

- Rostrum much shorter than body. HT II only a little longer than segment II of fore- and

mid-tarsi .....6

6 ANT VI BASE about 3 × longer than wide. Forewings of alata uniformly fuscous, with pterostigma extending around tip of wing. BL more than 4.7 mm .....Longistigma caryae

- ANT VI short and stubby, its base less than 2 × longer than wide. Forewings of alata maculate, with pterostigma not extending to tip of wing. BL usually less than 4.5 mm

.....Lachnus pallipes

7 Apterae with facetted wax glands. Alatae with secondary rhinaria on ANT III-V or III-VI, media unbranched or once-branched, and a broadly rounded cauda .....8

- Apterae (if produced) with wax glands comprising groups of ring-shaped pores (fig. 47E). Alatae with secondary rhinaria only on ANT III, a twice-branched media and a knobbed cauda .....9

8 Apterae (fundatrices) with 4-segmented antennae and circular groups of wax pore plates on all segments, each with large central facets surrounded by very much smaller marginal ones (fig. 47B). SIPH absent. Forewing of alata with an unbranched media

.....Grylloprociphilus imbricator

- Apterae with 6-segmented antennae, wax pore plates smaller and usually comprising a ring of large facets around a central area which may be divided into small cells (fig. 47C). SIPH present as partly sclerotized rings with surrounding hairs. Forewing of alata with a

once-branched media .....Eriosoma crataegi

9 All viviparae alate. ANT PT/BASE about 1. Dorsal abdomen of alata pale. SIPH as pale, truncate cones .....Mesocallis fagicola

- Viviparae apterous or alate. ANT PT/BASE less than 0.25 (fig. 47D). Dorsal abdomen of alata pale or with variably developed transverse bars and pigmented marginal sclerites bearing numerous wax pores (fig. 47E). SIPH pore-like .....10

10 [Separation of the three Phyllaphis spp. mostly follows Quednau (2010).]

Aptera with ANT I and II relatively stout and almost equal in length. Bases of hairs on ABD TERG 8 surrounded by wax gland pores in form of double-contoured rings. Alata with dark head and thorax, legs mostly dark, and in spring with dark dorsal abdominal cross-bands

.....Phyllaphis fagi

- Aptera with ANT II and sometimes ANT I relatively slender, with ANT II 1.2 or more × longer than ANT I. Bases of hairs on ABD TERG 8 surrounded by wax gland pores in form of cribriform discs. Alata (fagifoliae) with head and prothorax pale, legs pale with knees infuscated, and without dorsal abdominal cross-bands (alata of grandifoliae unknown) .....11

11 Aptera with ANT II 1.5-2.0 × longer than ANT I. ABD TERG 8 with 6-8 hairs that are 42-65 μm long. Cauda large and rounded, with 4 or more hairs .....Phyllaphis fagifoliae

- Aptera with ANT II 1.2-1.5 × longer than ANT I. ABD TERG 8 with 2-4 hairs that are 26-42 μm long. Cauda small, rounded or weakly knobbed, with 2 hairs

.....Phyllaphis grandifoliae

Faidherbia Fabaceae

Faidherbia albida Aphis gossypii

Falcaria Apiaceae

Falcaria rivini = F. vulgaris

F.sioides = F. vulgaris

F. vulgaris Ammiaphis sii; Aphis [chloris], fabae, [spiraephaga];

Myzus persicae

Key to apterae on Falcaria:-

- Cauda pale, tapering to a point and bearing 5-7 hairs. All hairs on body and appendages very small and inconspicuous. ANT with sec. rhinaria. ABD TERG 1-5 with flat round marginal tubercles (MTu) (but not on 7), and paired spinal tubercles (STu) also often present …..Ammiaphis sii

- Without that combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Falcata see Amphicarpaea Fabaceae

Falcata japonica = Amphicarpaea bracteata ssp. edgeworthii

Fallopia (including Bilderdykia, Reynoutria) Polygonaceae

Fallopia aubertii Aphis fabae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

F. baldshuanica Aphis fabae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

F. convolvulus Aphis [fabae], gossypii, nasturtii,

[neoreticulata Theobald, 1927], solanella;

Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum venafuscae;

Myzus [certus], persicae

F. forbesii Macchiatiella itadori

F. japonica Japanese Knotweed

Aphis [celastrii], craccivora, fabae, gossypii, ichigo,

nasturtii, odinae;

Aulacorthum solani; Macchiatiella itadori

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Pseudomegoura magnoliae

F. mulltiflora Aphis [nerii], odinae; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Myzus persicae

F. sachalinensis Aphis fabae, nasturtii, polygonacea, solanella,

spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani; Macchiatiella itadori;

[Sorbaphis chaetosiphon]

F. scandens Aphis fabae; Macrosiphum venaefuscae

Key to apterae on Fallopia (incl. Bilderdykia and Reynoutria):-

1 Cauda broadly rounded, not evident. ANT III with rhinaria, and dorsal abdomen with a large black central sclerite …..Macchiatiella itadori

- Cauda tongue- or finger-like. If ANT III has rhinaria then dorsal abdomen has no black central sclerite …..2

2 SIPH with polygonal reticulation on subapical 0.1-0.2 of length …..3

- SIPH without polygonal reticulation …..4

3 SIPH mainly dark, paler at base. ANT PT/BASE 6-8. ANT BASE VI 1.4-1.6 × R IV+V. Cauda with 7 hairs …..Macrosiphum venafuscae

- SIPH pale, sometimes darker towards apices. ANT PT/BASE 5.3-6.2. ANT BASE VI 0.9-1.3 × R IV+V. Cauda with 8-14 hairs …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

4 Head spiculose, with well-developed, steep-sided ANT tubercles. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) …..5

- Head without spicules, ANT tubercles weakly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu

…..7

5 SIPH tapering or cylindrical, 2.1-2.5 × cauda …..Aulacorthum solani

- SIPH slightly to moderately swollen on distal half, 1.6-2.2 × cauda …..6

6 Head and ANT I and II dark, ANT III with 1-2 rhinaria near base. Legs mostly dark

…..Pseudomegoura magnoliae

- Head and ANT I - II pale, ANT III without rhinaria. Legs mainly pale …..Myzus persicae

7 MTu usually present on ABD TERG 2-5 as well as 1 and 7. ABD TERG 8 with 4-5 hairs on a transverse sclerotic bar. SIPH 0.25-0.38 mm long. ANT PT/BASE 2.1-2.5. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.4-0.7 × BD III. Cauda usually paler than SIPH and bearing 7-9 hairs

…..Aphis ichigo

- MTu only irregularly present on ABD TERG 2-5. ABD TERG 8 usually with only 2 hairs, and other characters not in that combination …..8

8 SIPH and cauda both black, with SIPH usually at least 1.8 × cauda, and no dark dorsal abdominal shield …..9

- Either SIPH and cauda are not both black, or SIPH are less than 1.8 × cauda, or there is an extensive black dorsal shield …..polyphagous Aphis spp.

(go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24)

9 SIPH thick, with even the distal part thicker than hind tibia at midlength. Anterior part of subgenital plate with 2 hairs …..Aphis nerii

- SIPH distally as thin as or thinner than hind tibia at midlength. Anterior part of subgenital plate with 4-6 hairs …..Aphis polygonacea

Fallugia Rosaceae

Fallugia paradoxa Wahlgreniella sp. (USA - New Mexico, Colorado;

A. Jensen, aphidtrek.org)

Faramea Rubiaceae

Faramea occidentalis Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Farfugium Asteraceae

Farfugium japonicum Aphis fukii, gossypii; Aulacorthum solani;

Myzus ornatus; Neomyzus circumflexus

Key to apterae on Farfugium:-

- Cauda dark. Hairs on ANT III long and fine, the longest 1.6-2.7 × BD III …..Aphis fukii

- Cauda pale. Hairs on ANT III short, much shorter than BD III

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Fargesia Poaceae

Fargesia grossa [Melanaphis sp near meghalayensis (Chakrabarti et al. 2021)]

F. semicoriacea Astegopteryx bambusae; Cerataphis bambusifoliae;

Pseudoregma koshunensis

F. spathacea Chucallis bambusicola

(Use key to apterae on Bambusa)

Fatoua Moraceae

Fatoua pilosa [Pemphigus fataunae]

F. villosa [Epipemphigus niisimae]; Micromyzodium kuwakusae

Fatoua sp. [Myzus fataunae]

Fatshedera (= Fatsia × Hedera) Araliaceae

Fatshedera lizei Aphis fabae, gossypii, hederae,

[Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972a, 101)];

Neomyzus circumflexus

Use key to apterae on Fatsia.

Fatsia Araliaceae

Fatsia japonica Aphis fabae, hederae, odinae, spiraecola,

[Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972a: 101)];

Myzus ornatus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus;

Pseudomegoura magnoliae

F. papyrifera = Tetrapanax papyrifer

Key to apterae on Fatsia:-

- R IV+V 1.35-1.7 × HT II, with 2-4 accessory hairs. SIPH and cauda both entirely dark, the latter bearing 9-18 hairs. Marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 1 and 7, and frequently on 2-4. Apterae often alatiform, with up to 19 secondary rhinaria on ANT III

…..Aphis hederae

- Without this combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Feijoa see Acca Myrtaceae

Felicia Asteraceae

Felicia amelloides Myzus persicae; [Uroleucon sp.; Leonard 1972a, 111]

F. fruticosa Myzus persicae

“Ferns”

See Polypodium for general key to apterae of fern-feeding aphids.

Ferula Apiaceae

Ferula akitschkensis Anuraphis subterranea; Dysaphis ferulae, tschildarensis;

Hyadaphis coriandri

F. angulata = Ferulago angulata

F. assa-foetida Dysaphis crataegi

F. caspica Dysaphis ferulae

F. ceratophylla Hyadaphis coriandri

F. communis Anuraphis cachryos, pyrilaseri; Aphis fabae, spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani; Cavariella aegopodii;

Dysaphis apiifolia, crataegi ssp. siciliensis, foeniculus;

Hyadaphis foeniculi; Myzus persicae

F. dissecta Dysaphis ferulae, tschildarensis; Semiaphis horvathi;

Hyadaphis coriandri

F. ferulioides Dysaphis ferulae, tschildarensis

F. galbaniflua (?) Aphis fabae

F. jaeschkeana Anuraphis ferulae;

Dysaphis tadzhikistanica, tschildarensis

F. karatavica Dysaphis ferulae, mirabilis; Hyadaphis coriandri

F. karelinii Aphis craccivora

F. kelleri Dysaphis ferulae

F. kuhistanica Dysaphis crataegi, ferulae; Hyadaphis foeniculi

F. leiophylla Dysaphis ferulae; Hyadaphis coriandri, galaganiae;

Semiaphis horvathi

F. linkii Aphis solanella; Cavariella aegopodii;

Dysaphis foeniculus; Hyadaphis coriandri;

Myzus persicae

F. lutea = Ferulago lutea

F. mirabilis (?) Dysaphis mirabilis

F. nuda Aphis craccivora; Brachyunguis peucedani;

Dysaphis ferulae, [Dysaphis sp. (Kadyrbekov, 2003c)];

Hyadaphis coriandri

F. ovina Dysaphis ferulae, hissarica; Hyadaphis foeniculi

F. pallida Hyadaphis coriandri

F. penninervis [Brachyunguis flexosiphon]; Anuraphis subterranea;

Dysaphis ferulae; Hyadaphis coriandri

F. prangifolia Dysaphis ferulae, mirabilis

F. schair = Ferula varia

F. songarica Dysaphis ferulae, tschildarensis;

Hyadaphis coriandri, galaganiae; Semiaphis horvathi

F. stylosa = Ferula ovina

F. sulcata = Ferulago lutea

F. tenuisecta [Brachyunguis flexosiphon]; Dysaphis ferulae;

Hyadaphis coriandri

F. teterrima Dysaphis ferulae

F. tingitana Cavariella aegopodii

F. varia Dysaphis ferulae; Semiaphis horvathi

Ferula spp. Acyrthosiphon ilka, [nigripes ssp. peucedani];

Anuraphis subterranea; Aphis gossypii;

[Myzus ferulaginis (nomen nudum)];

Swirskiaphis polychaeta; Trama kulinitischae;

[Vacuna ferulae (nomen nudum)]

Key to apterae on Ferula:-

Couplets 16-19 are based partly on the key to Dysaphis on Ferula provided by Daniarova and Narzikulov (1975).

1 Hind tarsi very much elongated, more than 0.5 × hind tibiae. SIPH poriform. Cauda broadly rounded, not evident ….. Trama kulinitischae

- Hind tarsi not much longer than other tarsi. SIPH tubular. Cauda helmet-shaped, triangular or tongue-like …..2

2 Dorsal body hairs very long (more than 100 mm), thick and numerous

…..Swirskiaphis polychaeta

- Dorsal body hairs less than 50 mm long, not thick …..3

3 Cauda tongue-shaped, clearly longer than its basal width …..4

- Cauda triangular or helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width …..12

4 ABD TERG 8 with a backwardly-directed process above cauda …..Cavariella aegopodii

- No supracaudal process …..5

5 Head densely spiculose, with steep-sided or apically convergent ANT tubercles

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 5

- Head without spicules. ANT tubercles undeveloped or variously developed …..6

6 SIPH small and thin, 0.5-0.6 × cauda, flangeless (Fig.41d). Well-developed flat marginal tubercles (MTu) usually present on prothorax and ABD TERG 2-5, mostly much larger than spiracular apertures, and spinal tubercles (STu) usually present on ABD TERG 5-7

…..Semiaphis horvathi

- SIPH c.0.6-3.6 × cauda, with or without a flange. MTu if present on ABD TERG 2-5 then much smaller, and STu usually absent …..7

7 ANT PT/BASE c.0.6. SIPH c.0.6 × cauda. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu

…..Brachyunguis peucedani* (or flexosiphon*?)

- ANT PT/BASE 1.0-4.6, SIPH 0.6-3.6 × cauda. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with or without MTu

…..8

8 ANT III with 1-4 rhinaria near base. ANT tubercles well developed. SIPH pale, tapering/ cylindrical, without subapical polygonal reticulation, 1.7-2.3 × cauda. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu …...Acyrthosiphon ilka

- ANT III without rhinaria (unless SIPH have subapical polygonal reticulation), and other characters not in that combination …..9

9 SIPH not at all swollen, 0.8-2.5 × cauda, which bears 4-24 hairs. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu (or if not then SIPH with subapical polygonal reticulation). Longest hairs on ANT III 0.4-1.5 × BD III ….. go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 16

- SIPH swollen basally, 0.6-0.8 × cauda, or clavate and 0.9-1.2 × cauda, which bears 6-7 hairs. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu. Longest hairs on ANT III less than 0.4 × BD III

…..10

10 SIPH clavate, 1.7-3.2 × R IV+V, 1.6-2.8 × HT II and 0.9-1.2 × cauda

…..Hyadaphis foeniculi

- SIPH swollen basally, 0.95-1.7 × R IV+V, 0.9-1.35 × HT II and 0.6-0.8 × cauda …..11

11 SIPH 1.25-1.35 × HT II and 1.2-1.7 × R IV+V …..Hyadaphis galaganiae*

- SIPH 0.90-1.27 × HT II and 0.95-1.47 × R IV+V …..Hyadaphis coriandri

12 SIPH ornamented with blunt spinules, arranged in closely-spaced transverse rows. Cauda with 9-20 hairs …..13

- SIPH with normal imbrication. Cauda with 5-8 hairs …..16

13 SIPH 0.18-0.28 mm long, 1.9-3.7 × their middle widths. (Al. with 70-105 sec. rhinaria on ANT III, 8-42 on IV and 0-10 on V) …..14

- SIPH 0.10-0.19 mm long, 1.3-2.2 × their middle widths. (Al. with 29-72 sec. rhinaria on ANT III, 0-13 on IV and 0-2 on V) …..15

14 Marginal tubercles (MTu) and usually also spinal tubercles (STu), present on all of ABD TERG 1-7 …..Anuraphis subterranea

- MTu and STu usually only on ABD TERG 1-5, rarely on 6, and never on 7

….. Anuraphis pyrilaseri

15 Marginal tubercles (MTu) present on thorax and ABD TERG 1-5, but absent from ABD TERG 6 and 7. Spinal tubercles (STu) regularly present on ABD TERG 1-5. (Al. with 29-43 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 0 on IV and V) …..Anuraphis ferulae*

- MTu present on thorax and ABD TERG 1-7. STu small and often absent from ABD TERG 3-5. (Al. with 37-72 sec. rhinaria on ANT III, 6-13 on IV and 0-2 on V)

…..Anuraphis cachryos

16 R IV+V 1.4-1.8 × HT II. STu present on head and all ABD TERG, except sometimes 3 and 4. MTu on ABD TERG 7 as well as 1-5. SIPH coarsely imbricated

…..Dysaphis tschildarensis*

- R IV+V less than 1.4 × HT II. STu at most present on head and ABD TERG 7-8 or 8. MTu on ABD TERG 1-5 only, or sometimes also on 7. SIPH only moderately imbricated …..17

17 Longest hairs on ANT III 1.0-2.1 × BD III. ANT PT/BASE 2.0-3.3

…..Dysaphis foeniculus group (including ferulae, mirabilis, tadzhikistanica)

- Longest hairs on ANT III 0.4-0.9 × BD III. ANT PT/BASE 2.7-4.1 …..18

18 Longest marginal hairs on ABD TERG 3-5 are 2.0-2.5 × BD III …..Dysaphis hissarica*

- Longest marginal hairs on ABD TERG 3-5 are 0.4-1.0 × ANT BD III …..19

19 Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.24-0.56 (rarely more than 0.5) × length of trochantro-femoral suture. Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 11-38 μm, rarely longer than 30 μm. ABD TERG 7 frequently with marginal tubercles (MTu) …..Dysaphis apiifolia

- Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.42-1.0 (rarely less than 0.5) × length of trochantro-femoral suture. Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 25-80 μm, rarely shorter than 30 μm. ABD TERG 7 rarely with MTu …..Dysaphis crataegi group

Ferulago Apiaceae

Ferulago angulata Swirskiaphis polychaeta

ssp. carduchorum

F. campestris = F. galbanifera

F. galbanifera Anuraphis pyrilaseri

F. lutea Aphis fabae

Use key to apterae on Ferula.

Festuca Poaceae

Festuca alatavica Metopolophium festucae

F. arundinacea Geoica setulosa, utricularia; Metopolophium dirhodum;

(incl. uechtritziana) Paracletus cimiciformis; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Sipha elegans; Sitobion avenae, graminis;

Tetraneura ulmi

F. brachyphylla Rhopalosiphum padi; Sipha glyceriae; Sitobion fragariae

F. carpathica Sitobion avenae

F. cinerea Forda formicaria, marginata; Paracletus cimiciformis;

Schizaphis graminum; Sitobion avenae

F. contracta Jacksonia papillata; Myzus ascalonicus;

Rhopalosiphum padi

F. crinum-ursi = F. eskia

F. drymeja Sitobion avenae

F elatior Forda marginata; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Schizaphis graminum

F. eskia Rhopalomyzus poae

F. geniculata = Vulpia geniculata

F. gigantea Forda formicaria, marginata; Geoica setulosa;

Metopolophium dirhodum; Sipha elegans, maydis;

Sitobion avenae, fragariae;

Tetraneura longisetosa, ulmi

F. glauca Forda formicaria; Laingia psammae;

Rhopalosiphum padi; Sitobion avenae; Tetraneura ulmi

F. heterophylla Schizaphis graminum; Sitobion avenae;

[Sminthuraphis ulrichi]

F. lemanii Forda formicaria; Paracletus cimiciformis;

Sitobion avenae; Tetraneura ulmi

F. longifolia Geoica setulosa; Sitobion fragariae

F. myuros = Vulpia myuros

F. nigrescens Anoecia zirnitsi; Sitobion avenae

F. orientalis = Loliolum subulatum

F. ovina (incl. vars Anoecia corni, furcata, zirnitsi; Aploneura lentisci;

duriuscula, vulgaris) Atheroides brevicornis, karakumi, serrulatus;

Baizongia pistaciae; Chaetosiphella berlesei, tshernavini;

Cryptaphis poae; [Diuraphis sp. (Holman & Pintera 1981)];

Forda formicaria, marginata;

Geoica setulosa, utricularia;

[Iziphya maculata]; Jacksonia papillata;

Metopolophium dirhodum, festucae, tenerum;

Myzus ascalonicus; Paracletus cimiciformis;

Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae, padi; [Saltusaphis iberica];

Schizaphis graminum; Sipha elegans, maydis, uvarovi;

Sitobion avenae, fragariae;

Tetraneura caerulescens, longisetosa, ulmi;

Vesiculaphis theobaldi

F. pallens Atheroides serrulatus; Chaetosiphella berlesei;

Forda marginata; Sitobion fragariae

F. picta = F. picturata

F. picturata Rhopalosiphum padi

F. pratensis Atheroides serrulatus; Forda marginata;

Geoica utricularia;

Metopolophium albidum, dirhodum, festucae;

Mordvilkoiella jacutensis; Rhopalomyzus lonicerae;

Rhopalosiphum maidis, padi;

Schizaphis graminum, nigerrima;

Sipha elegans, glyceriae, maydis;

Sitobion avenae, fragariae,

[graminearum Mordvilko 1919];

Tetraneura ulmi

F. pseudovina Atheroides serrulatus; Forda marginata; [Iziphya bufo]

F. regeliana = F. arundinacea

F. rubra (incl. ssp. litoralis) Anoecia corni, furcata, vagans, zirnitsi;

Aploneura lentisci; Aspidaphis porosiphon;

Atheroides brevicornis, serrulatus; Baizongia pistaciae;

Chaetosiphella berlesei, tshernavini;

Forda formicaria, marginata;

Geoica setulosa, utricularia; Jacksonia papillata;

Metopolophium dirhodum, festucae, sabihae, tenerum;

Paracletus cimiciformis;

Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae, padi;

Schizaphis graminum;

Sipha elegans, glyceriae, littoralis, maydis;

Sitobion akebiae, avenae, fragariae;

Smynthurodes betae; Tetraneura ulmi

F. rupicola Anoecia corni; Forda formicaria, marginata, pawlowae;

Geoica setulosa, utricularia; Melanaphis pyraria;

Schizaphis graminum; Sipha elegans; Sitobion avenae;

Tetraneura ulmi

F. sulcata = F. rupicola

F. tectoria Sitobion avenae

F. thalassica = Puccinellia maritima

F. trachyphylla Atheroides serrulatus; Chaetosiphella berlesei

F. vaginata (incl. ssp. dominii) Rhopalosiphum padi; Sitobion avenae

F. valesiaca Forda formicaria, marginata, pawlowae;

Geoica setulosa, utricularia; Schizaphis graminum;

Sipha elegans, maydis; Sitobion avenae; Tetraneura ulmi

F. varia [Acyrthosiphon loti (as Metopolophium gracilipes)];

Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalomyzus poae;

Rhopalosiphum padi; Sitobion avenae

F. versicolor J.Presl ex Kunth = F. nigrescens

F. versicolor Tausch = F. varia

Festuca spp. Paracletus bykovi; Schizaphis jaroslavi; Sipha flava;

Utamphorophora humboldti

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Ficus Figs Moraceae

Aphids on Ficus carica are keyed in Blackman & Eastop (1984). The present treatment is extended to cover all aphids recorded from the genus Ficus.

Species list:-

Ficus altissima Aphis craccivora, gossypii; Myzus persicae;

Reticulaphis distylii

F. ampelas Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii; Greenidea ficicola;

Reticulaphis mirabilis

F. amplissima Greenidea ficicola

F. aurantiaca = F. glandulifera

F. aurea Greenidea ficicola

F. auriculata Elephant Ear Fig

Greenidea ficicola

F. australis Greenidea ficicola

F. awkeotsang see F. pumila

        F. benghalensis                                     Banyan Tree, Bargat
                                                      Aphis gossypii, spiraecola; Greenidea ficicola;
                                                      Reticulaphis distylii group

F. benjamina Aphis gossypii; Greenidea artocarpi, ficicola, psidii;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Nipponaphis ficicola;
Reticulaphis foveolatae, inflata, [similis];

[Thoracaphis fici van der Goot 1918 (nomen nudum): see

Martin & Lau 2011]

F. burtt-davyi Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

F. carica Common Fig
Aphis aurantii, citricidus, eugeniae, fabae, gossypii,

kachkoulii, spiraecola;

Greenidea ficicola, guangzhouensis; Myzus persicae;
Reticulaphis distylii (or fici?); Sitobion africanum

F. championii = F. vasculosa

F. chlorocarpa = F. variegata

F. cordata Aphis aurantii, gossypii; [Sitobion sp.]

F. craterostoma [Sitobion sp.]

F. crenulata = F. heteropleura

F. cuneata (?) Greenidea ficicola

F. cunia = F. semicordata

F. dekdekena = F. thonningii

F. depressa Reticulaphis distylii group, ?rotifera

F. drupacea Reticulaphis distylii group

F. elastica Indian Rubber Plant

Aphis aurantii, citricidus, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola;

Greenidea ficicola; Neomyzus circumflexus;

Reticulaphis distylii group, fici

F. erecta Myzus persicae

F. foveolata = F. sarmentosa

F. glandulifera Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

F. glomerata = F. racemosa

F. heterophylla Aphis aurantii, craccivora, gossypii;

Sinomegoura citricola

F. heteropleura Greenidea ficicola

F. hispida Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii; Greenidea ficicola;

Reticulaphis sp. (Hong Kong: Martin & Lau 2011);

F. indica (?) Myzus persicae

F. ingens Aphis aurantii, citricidus, gossypii; Sitobion africanum

F. irisana = F. ampelas Reticulaphis mirabilis

F. iteophylla = F. thonningii Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae

F. johannis Aphis kachkoulii

F. laevigata (?) Aphis craccivora

F. lyrata Aphis gossypii

F. macrophylla Greenidea ficicola

F. microcarpa (incl. var. hillii) Aphis aurantii, gossypii, schlingeri, spiraecola;

Greenidea ficicola; Reticulaphis distylii, inflata

F. mucoso Aphis craccivora

F. mutantifolia = F. craterostoma

F. natalensis Aphis gossypii

F. nipponica see F. sarmentosa

F. nitida var. hillii = F. microcarpa var. hillii

F. obscura Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii; Greenidea ficicola;

Sinomegoura citricola

F. petersii = F. thonningii

F. pruniformis = F. depressa

F. pseudopalma Reticulaphis fici

F. pumila (incl. var. Aphis aurantii, spiraecola; Greenidea ficicola;

awkeotsang) Myzus persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus

F. racemosa Greenidea [artocarpi], ficicola

F. religiosa Bo-Tree, Peepul
Aphis aurantii, craccivora, gossypii, spiraecola;

Reticulaphis ?rotifera

F. retusa Aphis aurantii, citricidus, gossypii, spiraecola;

Greenidea fici, ficicola, psidii; Myzus persicae;
Reticulaphis distylii

F. ribes var. cuneata Matsumuraja calorai

F. rubiginosa Greenidea ficicola; Neomyzus circumflexus

F. rumphii Reticulaphis fici

F. sarmentosa (incl. vars Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii; Greenidea ficicola;

impressa, nipponica) Reticulaphis foveolatae

F. semicordata Aphis aurantii, spiraecola; Greenida ficicola

F. septica Greenidea ficicola;

Reticulaphis asymmetrica, distylii, septica

F. stipulata = F. pumila

F. superba (incl. var. heneana) Aphis gossypii; Reticulaphis fici

F. sur Aphis gossypii; Sitobion halli

F. sycomorus Aphis gossypii, spiraecola; Greenidea ficicola

F. thonningii Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae; Sitobion africanum

F. thunbergii Greenidea ficicola

F. tsiela = F. amplissima

F. vallis-choudae Sitobion halli

F. variegata Greenidea ficicola

F. vasculosa Greenidea ficicola; Sinomegoura citricola

F. verruculosa Aphis gossypii; [Sitobion sp.]

F. virens Aphis odinae; Greenidea ficicola, psidii; Reticulaphis distylii group

F. virgata Greenidea ficicola; Reticulaphis mirabilis(?), rotifera

F. welwitschii = F. cordata

F. wightiana = F. virens

Ficus sp. [Cervaphis rappardi indica];

Eutrichosiphum pseudopasaniae]; Lachnus fici

Key to aphids on Ficus:-

(The separation of Reticulaphis spp. is based on work of Yeh et al., 2008.)

1 Aptera aleyrodiform or coccidiform, with sclerotic dorsum, eyes of only 3 facets and short, at most 3-segmented, antennae. Head, thorax and ABD TERG 1 combined to form prosoma, and ABD TERG 2-7 reduced and combined to form “abdominal plate”. Alata with annular rhinaria on the antenna and an unbranched or once-branched media in the forewing .....2

- Aptera of the normal aphid form, eyes multi-facetted and antennae 5- or 6-segmented. Alata with circular or oval antennal rhinaria and forewing with once- or twice branched media

.....10

2 Aptera with SIPH, and with dorsal cuticle densely covered with transparent "pustules" (fig. 48A). Marginal hairs with acute apices .....Nipponaphis ficicola

- Aptera without SIPH, and with dorsal cuticle very dark, heavily sclerotic and reticulated (fig.48C). Marginal hairs with acute, blunt, serrate or fan-shaped apices .....3

3 Marginal hairs thin with distinctly acute apices, not strongly curved to rear .....4

- Marginal hairs with blunt, serrate or fan-shaped apices, or inconspicuous, or if with acute apices then hairs are basally thick and strongly curved backwards .....5

4 Body nearly round, 1.16-1.30 times as long as wide. Prosomal spinal hairs stout, with 2 between eyes, 2(-3) on pronotum, 2(-3) on mesonotum, 2 on metanotum, 2 on ABD TERG 1. Pleural regions of prosoma sometimes distinctly expanded .....Reticulaphis distylii

- Body broadly elliptical, 1.25-1.42 times as long as wide. Prosomal spinal hairs fine, with 3-4 between eyes, 3-4 on pronotum, 4-6 on mesonotum, 3-5 on metanotum, 2-4 on ABD TERG 1. Pleural regions of prosoma not expanded .....Reticulaphis fici

5 Marginal hairs stout with blunt apices. Dorsal hairs between eyes thick, blunt and flattened, with rounded apices (fig. 48B), almost as long as marginal hairs .....Reticulaphis mirabilis

- Marginal hairs with acute, blunt, frayed, serrate or fan-shaped apices, or inconspicuous. Dorsal hairs between eyes fine, inconspicuous, distinctly shorter than marginal hairs .....6

6 Body elliptical, 1.4-2.0 times as long as its maximum width; if less than 1.5 times long as wide then marginal setae have acute or blunt apices and the dorsum usually has 4 well-defined swollen sections .....7

- Body broadly ovate, 1.1-1.4 times as long as its maximum width. Marginal hairs if apparent then with fan-shaped or serrate apices .....9

7 Pleural regions of prosoma strongly expanded laterally as irregularly-shaped lobes. Middle as well as hind legs visible in dorsal view. Marginal hairs short and inconspicuous

.....Reticulaphis asymmetrica*

- Pleural regions of prosoma not expanded laterally. Only hind legs visible in dorsal view. Marginal hairs long, curved or bent backwards, with acute, blunt, fan-shaped or serrate apices

.....8

8 Body about 1.5 times as long as wide, with marginal hairs having blunt or acute apices. Prosoma with 4 well-defined raised areas corresponding to head + pronotum, mesonotum, metanotum and ABD TERG 1 .....Reticulaphis inflata*

- Body about 1.8 times as long as wide, with marginal hairs having serrate or fan-shaped apices. Prosoma without well-defined raised areas .....Reticulaphis foveolatae

9 Body widest at position anterior to midlength, with submarginal furrows corresponding to positions of legs. Marginal hairs short and thick, with fan-shaped apices

.....Reticulaphis septica*

- Body widest just behind midlength, without evident submarginal furrows. Marginal hairs longer and thinner with fan-shaped or serrate apices .....Reticulaphis rotifera

10 ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH as pores on dark hairy cones .....Lachnus fici*

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH tubular .....11

11 SIPH covered with long hairs .....12

- SIPH without hairs .....14

12 SIPH of aptera reticulated only at the base, and rather densely spinulose over most of length (fig. 48D). (Alata with 18-26 secondary rhinaria on ANT III) .....Greenidea psidii

- SIPH of aptera reticulated over most of length, spinulose only on distal part (fig. 48E)

.....13

13 SIPH of aptera longer than hind tibiae and a little more than 0.5 × BL. Alata with 28-35 secondary rhinaria on ANT III .....Greenidea artocarpi

- SIPH of aptera usually a little shorter than hind tibiae and clearly less than 0.5 × BL. Alata with 12-22 secondary rhinaria on ANT III .....Greenidea ficicola

14 ANT I of aptera very broad, with a finger-like distal projection, extending beyond apex of ANT II and bearing short, capitate hairs (fig. 48F) .....Matsumuraja calorai

- ANT I without a finger-like projection .....15

15 SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation .....16

- SIPH without any polygonal reticulation .....17

16 Aptera with SIPH usually uniformly dark, and dorsal abdomen often with a pattern of dark segmental markings. R IV+V 0.8-0.9 × HT II. Alata with 4-14 secondary rhinaria mostly concentrated on basal half of ANT III .....Sitobion africanum

- Aptera with SIPH often pale at base, and dorsal abdomen without dark markings. R IV+V 0.95-1.15 × HT II. Alata with 14-18 secondary rhinaria in spaced-out row along most of ANT III .....Sitobion halli

17 Antennae always 5-segmented, in both apterae and alatae .....Aphis kachkoulii

- Antennae 6-segmented (except sometimes in small apterae of Aphis gossypii) .....18

18 Stridulatory apparatus present, comprising stridulatory ridges on abdominal sternites 5 and 6 and evenly-spaced peg-like hairs on the hind tibiae .....19

- Stridulatory ridges on abdominal sternites 5 and 6 absent, and usually there are no evenly-spaced peg-like hairs on hind tibiae .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

19 SIPH 0.4-0.7 × cauda, and 0.05-0.08 × BL .....Aphis odinae

- SIPH 0.9-1.9 × cauda, 0.11-0.18 × BL .....20

20 Cauda with 19-54 hairs (rarely less than 25). Hairs on ANT III of aptera mostly longer than basal diameter of segment. Alata with forewing media usually twice-branched

..... Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus

- Cauda with 7-26 hairs (rarely more than 20). Hairs on ANT III of aptera mostly shorter than basal diameter of segment. Alata with forewing media usually once-branched .....21

21 Alata with 12-18 large and small secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 3-6 on ANT IV and 0-2 on ANT V (fig. 48G). ANT PT/BASE often less than 3.5 in aptera, and often less than 3.75 in alata .....Aphis (Toxoptera) schlingeri

- Alata with 2-9 (-10) more evenly-sized secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 0 (-3) on ANT IV, 0 on ANT V (fig. 48H). ANT PT/BASE greater than 3.5 in aptera, greater than 3.75 in alata

..... Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Filago Asteraceae

Filago arvensis Brachycaudus helichrysi; Pemphigus populinigrae;

Pleotrichophorus filaginis

F. gallica = Logfia gallica

F. germanica = F. vulgaris

F. lutescens Pemphigus populinigrae

F. minima = Logfia minima

F. montana = F. arvensis

F. pyramidata Aphis fabae; Pemphigus populinigrae

F. vulgaris Aphis frangulae; Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi;

Pemphigus populinigrae; Protaphis filaginea;

[Sitobion avenae (as Macrosiphoniella gnaphalii)]

Filago spp. Aphis craccivora; [Macrosiphum filaginis (nomen nudum)]

Key to apterae on Filago:-

1 SIPH absent. ANT about 0.2 × BL, with PT/BASE 0.17-0.20. ABD TERG 3-7 with wax gland plates …..Pemphigus populinigrae

- SIPH present, ANT more than 0.3 × BL, with PT/BASE more than 0.5. No wax gland plates

…..2

2 Dorsal hairs with fan-shaped apices. SIPH long and thin. ANT PT/BASE 4.8-6.9. R IV+V short, stiletto-shaped, with a pair of very long accessory hairs near base

…..Pleotrichophorus filaginis

- Dorsal hairs blunt or pointed. SIPH not long and thin. ANT PT/BASE less than 3. R IV+V blunt-tipped, without very long accessory hairs …..3

3 Cauda helmet-shaped or rounded, a little shorter than its basal width. Spiracular apertures large and rounded …..4

- Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, distinctly longer than its basal width. Spiracular apertures small and reniform …..5

4 Abdomen without extensive dark markings. SIPH pale, smooth, 0.9-1.5 × cauda. Mesosternum without mammariform processes …..Brachycaudus helichrysi

- Abdomen with a extensive dark dorsal shield. SIPH dark, imbricated, 2.1-3.4 × cauda. Mesosternum with a pair of dark mammariform processes …..Brachycaudus cardui

5 Dorsal abdomen with a solid black sclerotic shield …..Aphis craccivora

- Dorsal abdomen without a solid black shield …..6

6 SIPH similar in length to HT II. ANT PT/BASE about equal to or less than 1

…..Aphis filaginea*

- SIPH much longer than HT II. ANT PT/BASE more than 2 …..Aphis frangulae

7 SIPH uniformly dark, cauda pale or dusky …..Aphis frangulae (or gossypii)

- SIPH and cauda both pale (SIPH may be dark-tipped), or both black

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Filicium Sapindaceae

Filicium decipiens Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Filifolium Asteraceae

Filifolium sibiricum Coloradoa indica

Filipendula (including Ulmaria) Rosaceae

Filipendula camtschatica Amphorophora filipendulae;

Aphis filipendulae, ulmariae; Aulacorthum solani

F. hexapetala = F. vulgaris

F. kamtschatica = F. camtschatica

F. multijuga Aphis filipendulae

F. palmata Aphis fabae, filipendulae, ulmariae; Aulacorthum solani

F. rubra Macrosiphum cholodkovskyi

F. ulmaria Amphorophora gei;

Aphis craccivora, fabae, filipendulae, gossypii, nudicauda,

spiraephaga, ulmariae;

Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum cholodkovskyi

F. vestita Macrosiphum cholodkovskyi

F. vulgaris Aphis filipendulae, nudicauda, ulmariae,

[Aphis sp. (Bozhko 1976a: 63)];

Macrosiphum cholodkovskyi

Key to apterae on Filipendula:-

1 Medium-sized to large, broadly spindle-shaped aphids with well-developed ANT tubercles and ANT as long as or longer than BL. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) …..2

- Oval aphids with weakly developed ANT tubercles and ANT shorter than BL. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles …..5

2 SIPH cylindrical on distal part …..3

- SIPH markedly clavate …..4

3 SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of closed cells). Hairs on ANT III 0.8-1.2 × BD III. ANT III with 2-10 rhinaria

…..Macrosiphum cholodkovskyi

- SIPH without polygonal reticulation. Hairs on ANT III less than 0.5 × BD III. ANT III with 0-2 (rarely -4) rhinaria …..Aulacorthum solani

4 R IV+V 1.2-1.4 × HT II, and bearing 8-10 accessory hairs. ANT tubercles each bearing 5-8 hairs, the longest of them longer than BD III …..Amphorophora gei

- R IV+V 0.95-1.05 × HT II, and bearing 4-6 accessory hairs. ANT tubercles each bearing 2-3 hairs, none of them longer than BD III …..Amphorophora filipendulae

5 Cauda with only 2-4 very short, blunt hairs …..Aphis nudicauda

- Cauda with 4-24 long pointed hairs …..6

6 Hind femora mainly or wholly dark. Cauda with 7-24 hairs …..7

- Hind femora pale on at least basal half. Cauda with 4-17 hairs …..8

7 All femora mainly or wholly dark. Dorsal abdomen with variably developed dark sclerotisation anterior to siphunculi. R IV+V 0.65-0.92 × HT II. SIPH 0.7-1.1 × cauda

…..Aphis spiraephaga

- Fore femora paler than mid and hind femora. Dorsal abdomen usually only with dark inter-segmental sclerites anterior to siphunculi. R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II. SIPH 0.7-1.8 × cauda

…..Aphis fabae

8 Dorsal abdomen with an extensive dark sclerotic shield …..Aphis craccivora

- Dorsal abdomen without extensive sclerotisation …..9

9 Cauda paler than SIPH, with 4-8 hairs …..Aphis gossypii

- Cauda and SIPH similarly pigmented, cauda bearing 6-17 hairs …..10

10 Marginal hair on ABD TERG 1 is (1.3-) 1.7-2.8 × height of marginal tubercle (MTu) on same segment. SIPH 1.1-2.2 × cauda …..Aphis ulmariae

- Marginal hair on ABD TERG 1 is 1.1-1.4 × height of marginal tubercle (MTu) on same segment. SIPH 0.8-1.7 × cauda …..Aphis filipendulae*

Fimbristylis Cyperaceae

Fimbristylis annua = F. dichotoma

F. dichotoma Carolinaia caricis, cyperi; Neomyzus circumflexus;

Schizaphis minuta, rotundiventris

F. diphylla = F. dichotoma

F. miliacea = F. quinquangularis

F. quinquangularis Tetraneura fusiformis

Key to apterae on Fimbristylis:-

- Dorsal abdomen with a large roughly horseshoe-shaped patch, and dark cross bars on thorax

…..Neomyzus circumflexus

- Dorsum without any distinctive dark markings …..go to key to apterae on Cyperus

Firmiana Malvaceae

Firmiana platanifolia = F. simplex

F. simplex Aphis gossypii, odinae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Fittonia Acanthaceae

Fittonia argyroneura Myzus ornatus

Fitzroya Cupressaceae

Fitzroya cupressoides Cinara cupressi

Fiwa Lauraceae

Fiwa japonica Aiceona japonica; [Kurisakia onigurumii]

Flacourtia Flacourtiaceae

One polyphagous aphid species, Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii, is recorded from 4 species of Flacourtia; foveolata (?), indica, inermis, ramontchi

Flaveria Asteraceae

Flaveria australasica Aphis gossypii

F. trinervia Aphis craccivora, gossypii, spiraecola

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Fleischmannia Asteraceae

Fleischmannia incarnata Uroleucon eupatorifoliae

F. sideritides Aphis craccivora

Use key to apterae on Eupatorium.

Flemingia Fabaceae

Flemingia congesta = F. macrophylla

F. macrophylla Aphis craccivora, gossypii

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Fleurya see Laportea Urticaceae

Flueggea Phyllanthaceae

Flueggea leucopyrus Schoutedenia ralumensis

F. macrosipila (?) Schoutedenia ralumensis

F. suffruticosa Aphis fabae, gossypii, [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972)]

F. virosa Aphis citricidus, gossypii, odinae, spiraecola;

Schoutedenia ralumensis; [Sitobion sp. (Millar 1994)]

Key to apterae on Flueggea:-

- ABD TERG 7 with a pair of long, pointed backwardly-directed processes. SIPH as short cones. ANT 5-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE less than 1 ..…Schoutedenia ralumensis

- ABD TERG 7 without processes. SIPH tubular, much longer than wide. ANT usually 6-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE more than 2 …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Foeniculum Apiaceae

Foeniculum vulgare Aphis [albella], craccivora, fabae, foeniculivora, gossypii,

(incl. azoricum, dulce, officinale, [saliceti], solanella, spiraecola;

piperitum) Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Cavariella aegopodii, archangelicae, konoi, pastinacae;

Dysaphis apiifolia,[crataegi], foeniculus, lauberti, [tulipae];

[Foeniaphis oblongisensoria (al. vagrant, nr Chromaphis?)];

Hyadaphis coriandri, foeniculi, passerinii;

Myzus ascalonicus, persicae; Semiaphis [dauci], heraclei;

Swirskiaphis polychaeta; [Uroleucon sonchi]

Foeniculum sp. Aphis ?lambersi (Italy, BMNH collection)

Key to apterae on Foeniculum:-

1 ABD TERG 8 with a posteriorly projecting process above cauda; in some species this is reduced to a small, warty, knob in the centre of ABD TERG 8, with 2 associated hairs (Figs 10f-i) .....Cavariella spp.; use couplets 2-14 of key to apterae on Angelica

- No supracaudal process, nor are there 2 hairs on ABD TERG 8 close together and associated with a warty knob .....2

2 Body bearing numerous long thick hairs, c. 130 μm long, more than 0.5 × SIPH

……Swirskiaphis polychaeta

- Body with much shorter, thin hairs …..3

3 Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view …..4

- Cauda tongue-shaped, much longer than its basal width …..7

4 SIPH smooth, pale, about as long as cauda. No dorsal abdominal markings. No spinal tubercles (STu) on head or ABD TERG 8. Spiracular apertures large and rounded

…..Brachycaudus helichrysi

- SIPH imbricated, dark, longer than cauda. Dark dorsal abdominal markings present. STu often present on head and ABD TERG 8, or 7 and 8. Spiracular apertures reniform …..5

5 Longest hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.7 × BD III. MTu often present on ABD TERG 7. ANT PT/BASE 3.1-4.2 …..Dysaphis apiifolia

- Longest hairs on ANT III 0.8-2.3 × BD III. MTu rarely present on ABD TERG 7. ANT PT/BASE 2.0-3.5 .....6

6 SIPH 0.17-0.29 mm. Longest hairs on ANT III 26-58 μm long, 1.25-2.3 × BD III. R IV+V 0.16-0.19 mm .....Dysaphis lauberti

- SIPH 0.10-0.15 mm. Longest hairs on ANT III 18-25 μm long, 0.8-1.2(-1.6) × BD III. R IV+V 0.13-0.16 mm …..Dysaphis foeniculus

7 SIPH very small and flangeless, less than 0.5 × cauda, with aperture slanted towards midline

…..Semiaphis heraclei

- SIPH at least 0.6 × cauda, with a flange …..8

8 ANT less than 0.5 × BL. SIPH 0.6-1.4 × cauda, and somewhat swollen either at base or on distal half …..9

- ANT 0.5-1.2 × BL. SIPH 0.8-3.3 × cauda; if less than 1.9 × cauda then they are not at all swollen …..11

9 SIPH 0.6-0.82 × cauda, 0.9-1.6 × R IV+V and 1.6-2.7 × their minimum diameter on basal half …..Hyadaphis coriandri

- SIPH 0.85-1.4 × cauda, 1.7-3.1 × R IV+V and 3.1-5.1 × longer than their minimum diameter on basal half …..10

10 Prosternal sclerite 1.36-2.6 × wider than long, often convex posteriorly. SIPH 1.05-1.4 × cauda (Al. often with sec. rhinaria on ANT V) …..Hyadaphis foeniculi

- Prosternal sclerite 2.2-3.6 × wider than long, its posterior margin often straight. SIPH 0.85-1.2 × cauda. (Al. rarely with sec. rhinaria on ANT V) …..Hyadaphis passerinii

11 ABD TERG 2-4(-5,6) as well as 1 and 7 with evident dome-shaped marginal tubercles (MTu). Hairs on dorsal body and appendages only 7-20 μm long

…..Aphis ?lambersi (Italy, BMNH collection)

- ABD TERG 2-6 only sporadically with small MTu, and if ABD TERG 1 and 7 have MTu then some hairs on dorsal body and appendages are longer than 20 μm

….. go to key to polyphagous aphids

(but note that specimens running to Aphis gossypii could be A. foeniculivora, which has ANT PT/BASE 2.9-3.5, compared with 1.8-2.8 in most populations of A. gossypii)

Fontanesia Oleaceae

Fontanesia fortunei Aphis fabae; [Macrosiphum rosae]

Forsteronia Apocynaceae

Forsteronia corymbosa Aphis aurantii, craccivora

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Forsythia Oleaceae

Forsythia ×intermedia Myzus ornatus

F. japonica Prociphilus oriens

F. koreana Aphis craccivora, gossypii; Myzus persicae

F. suspensa Amphicercidus forsythiae; Aphis fabae, spiraecola;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; [Prociphilus kuwanai]; Pseudomegoura magnoliae;

[Trichosiphonaphis polygonifoliae]

F. viridissima Aphis fabae, gossypii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Prociphilus americanus

Key to apterae on Forsythia (except couplets 1-2 which can be applied to alatae):-

1 Wax pore plates present. SIPH absent. ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. (Spring colonies of fundatrices with all progeny large alatae, emerging from leaf nests in spring) …..2

- No discrete wax glands. SIPH present. ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5 …..3

2 Al. (progeny of fundatrix) with at least 4 sec. rhin. on ANT V …..Prociphilus oriens

- Al. (progeny of fundatrix) with 0-2 sec. rhin. on ANT V …..Prociphilus americanus

3 SIPH more than 5 × cauda which is rounded and shorter than its basal width. ANT III with 3-9 rhinaria. (Al. with more than 100 rhinaria on ANT III) …..Amphicercidus forsythiae

- SIPH less than 3 × cauda which is conical or tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width. ANT III with or without rhinaria. (Al. with much fewer rhinaria on ANT III)

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Fortunella Rutaceae

Fortunella margarita Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii, citricidus

Fortunella sp(p). Aphis gossypii

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Fouquieria Fouquieriaceae

Fouquieria. diguetii Myzus ornatus

Fragaria Rosaceae

Fragaria×ananassa Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. rogersii;

Amphorophora rubi;

Aphis fabae, forbesi, gossypii, ichigicola, ruborum,

spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, jacobi, minor, [thomasi];

Ericaphis fimbriata, wakibae; Eriosoma japonicum, yangi;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, rosae;

Matsumuraja formosana, rubicola; Myzaphis rosarum;

[Neomegoura doarsis];

Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Sitobion fragariae;

Smynthurodes betae

F. californica = F. vesca ssp. californica

F. chiloensis Aphis forbesi, gossypii; Aulacorthum solani;

Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, minor, [thomasi];

Rhodobium porosum; Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae;

Sitobion akebiae

F. chiloensis var. ananassa = F. ×ananassa

F. deltonia (?daltoniana) Dysaphis microsiphon

F. grandiflora = F. ×ananassa

F. moschata Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. rogersii; Aphis forbesi;

Sitobion fragariae

F. moupinensis Myzus ornatus

F. nilgerrensis [Acutosiphon obliquoris]; Dysaphis microsiphon;

Myzus ornatus; [Trichosiphonaphis gerbera, polygoni]

F. nipponica = F. yezoensis

F. nubicola Dysaphis microsiphon

F. orientalis Aphis ichigicola; Matsumuraja rubi

F. vesca Acyrthosiphon capitellum, fragariaevescae, malvae ssp.

rogersii ;

Aphis craccivora, fabae, forbesi, ruborum;

Aulacorthum solani; Chaetosiphon fragaefolii;

Ericaphis fimbriata, wakibae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

[Metopolophium dirhodum];

Myzus ascalonicus, cymbalariae, ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Rhodobium porosum;

Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae; Sitobion fragariae

F. vesca ssp. californica Chaetosiphon jacobi

F. ×vescana Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae

F. virginiana Abstrusomyzus valuliae; Aphis forbesi, nasturtii;

Aulacorthum solani;

Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, [thomasi]; Ericaphis fimbriata;

Macrosiphum pechumani; [Ovatus insitus];

Sitobion fragariae

F. ×viridis Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. rogersi; Aphis forbesi;

Myzus ascalonicus

F. yezoensis Aphis forbesi

Fragaria spp. Acyrthosiphon fragum, [pisum], rubi;

[Amphorophora agathonica];

Aphis nasturtii; [Dysaphis foeniculus];

Hyalomyzus fragaricola;

[Hyperomyzus rhinanthi]; Macrosiphum pallidum;

[Myzus sp. (Chowdhuri et al., 1969];

Paramyzus longirostris; [Pemphigus bursarius];

Protaphis middletonii; Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon

Key to apterae on Fragaria:-

(For an illustrated key to aphids on cultivated strawberry see Blackman & Eastop, 2000.)

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Eyes with only 3 facets. SIPH as pores or absent …..2

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1. Eyes multifaceted. SIPH tubular …..3

2 Wax gland plates present on thorax and abdomen. SIPH as raised pores with sclerotic rims and surrounding hairs. ANT II much shorter than ANT III …..Eriosoma sp.

- No wax gland plates. SIPH absent. ANT II elongate, about 2 × ANT I and similar in length to ANT III …..Smynthurodes betae

3 Dorsal body with at least some of hairs thick, long, with capitate apices, and arising from tuberculate bases …..4

- Dorsal body hairs blunt, pointed, or if expanded apically then short and without tuberculate bases …..9

4 ANT I with a long finger-like hair-bearing process on inner side, about as long as or longer than ANT II …..5

- ANT I without a finger-like process …..7

5 Dorsal abdominal hairs all arising from tubercular processes shorter than or not much longer than their basal widths …..Matsumuraja formosana*

- Dorsal abdomen with at least the spinal capitate hairs arising from large paired finger-like processes, maximally 120-240 μm long, much longer than the hairs borne upon them

…..6

6 Thorax and ABD TERG 1-5 with paired marginal process similar in length to the spinal ones (Fig.47a) …..Matsumuraja rubicola

- Thorax and ABD TERG 1-5 with marginal hairs arising from conical tuberculate bases shorter than or hardly longer than the hairs borne upon them (Fig.47b)

…..Matsumuraja rubi

7 Hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 usually all minute, rarely with some rather long and capitate spinal hairs, but never with long marginal ones …..Chaetosiphon minor

- At least 4 long capitate hairs (2 spinal, 2 marginal) on each of ABD TERG 1-5 …..8

8 Dorsal abdomen pigmented dark brown …..Chaetosiphon jacobi

- Dorsal abdomen pale …..Chaetosiphon fragaefolii

9 SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of closed cells)

…..10

- SIPH without polygonal reticulation …..16

10 SIPH dark and with a greatly inflated, balloon-like middle section

…..Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon

- SIPH not inflated …..11

11 Longest hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.55 × BD III. ANT III with 1-4 very small rhinaria. ANT tubercles rather low, and median frontal tubercle distinctly developed …..12

- Longest hairs on ANT III 0.6-1.3 × BD III. ANT III with 1-35 rhinaria of various sizes. ANT tubercles well developed, median frontal tubercle undeveloped …..13

12 SIPH 1.8-2.7 × cauda, which has a blunt, rounded apex. Femora pale or only dusky at apices. ANT III-VI pale except at apices of segments .....Sitobion fragariae

- SIPH 1.4-1.9 × cauda,which has a pointed apex. Femora with dark distal section. ANT III-VI entirely dark, or pale only at base of III …..Sitobion akebiae

13 Front of head pale, SIPH pale or dusky only towards apices …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- Front of head dusky or dark, SIPH dark, or pale only at bases …..14

14 Cauda dark …..Macrosiphum pechumani

- Cauda pale …..15

15 Head as dark as SIPH. Hind tibiae with paler middle sections …..Macrosiphum rosae

- Head dusky, paler than SIPH. Hind tibiae wholly dark …..Macrosiphum pallidum

16 Median part of front of head between ANT bases forming a prominent, quadrate, very rugose projection, bearing a pair of hairs. Dorsum coarsely pitted all over. ANT PT/BASE 1.25-1.75

…..Myzaphis rosarum

- Front of head without a quadrate projection. Dorsum smooth, wrinkled or pitted. ANT PT/BASE usually more than 1.75 …..17

17 ANT tubercles moderately to well developed, projecting beyond middle of head in dorsal view; if rather low then cuticle of head has spicules or nodules …..18

- ANT tubercles weakly developed, cuticle of head without spicules or nodules …..36

18 SIPH clavate, i.e. slightly to considerably swollen on distal 0.5-0.7 of length …..19

- SIPH cylindrical or tapering over most of length (although there may be slight subapical swelling) …..25

19 ANT tubercles very well developed, with inner faces that are divergent and almost smooth, and bear long hairs. BL usually more than 2.5 …..Amphorophora rubi

- ANT tubercles steep-sided, rounded apically, with numerous spinules and/or nodules, and usually bearing rather short blunt hairs. BL less than 2.5 …..20

20 ANT III with 1-4 secondary rhinaria near base …..21

- ANT III without secondary rhinaria …..22

21 SIPH considerably swollen over about distal 0.7 of length, smooth-surfaced, with maximum diameter of swollen part 1.5-2.1 × minimum diameter basad. R IV+V 1.1-1.3 × HT II. Cauda short, triangular …..Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae

- SIPH swollen over 0.5-0.6 of length, with maximum diameter less than 1.5 × minimum diameter basad. R IV+V 1.5-1.8 × HT II. Cauda tongue-shaped …..Paramyzus longirostris

22 Hairs on ANT tubercles much longer than those on ANT III; 0.8-1.0 × BD III

…..Hyalomyzus fragaricola

- Hairs on ANT tubercles very short and blunt, similar to those on ANT III; 0.2-0.75 × BD III

…..23

23 SIPH 0.9-1.34 × ANT III. Inner faces of ANT tubercles convergent apically

…..Myzus persicae

- SIPH 0.54-0.81 × ANT III. Inner faces of ANT tubercles parallel or convergent …..24

24 Inner faces of ANT tubercles approximately parallel in dorsal view. SIPH almost smooth or weakly imbricated, with narrowest part of basal “stem” not wider than hind tibia at midlength. Dorsal cuticle smooth or slightly wrinkled …..Myzus ascalonicus

- Inner faces of ANT tubercles with convergent apices. SIPH heavily imbricated or scabrous, with narrowest part of stem a little wider than hind tibia at midlength. Dorsal cuticle scaly

…..Myzus cymbalariae

25 ANT tubercles well developed with inner faces smooth, bearing hairs 0.6-1.1 × BD III

…..26

- ANT tubercles with inner faces scabrous and bearing hairs 0.2-0.8 × BD III …..30

26 SIPH dark on at least basal part …..27

- SIPH pale …..28

27 ANT PT/BASE c.4.7. Dorsal hairs with capitate apices …..Acyrthosiphon capitellum*

- ANT PT/BASE c.10.7(?). Dorsal hairs with furcate apices …..Acyrthosiphon fragum*

28 ANT PT/BASE 3.4-4.1 …..Acyrthosiphon fragariaevescae*

- ANT PT/BASE 5.0-6.5 …..29

29 R IV+V 0.87-1.13 × HT II. Dorsal cuticle rugose, papillate …..Acyrthosiphon rubi

- R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT II. Dorsal cuticle smooth or slightly wrinkled

…..Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. rogersii

30 ANT III with 2-18 rather large rhinaria in a row, the sensoriated part being quite dark

…..Rhodobium porosum

- ANT III pale or dusky, without or with 1-4 very small rhinaria near base …..31

31 ANT III with 1-4 small rhinaria near base (rarely one ANT with 0). ANT 1.1-1.5 × BL, with PT/BASE 4.0-5.5 …..32

- ANT III without rhinaria. ANT 0.5-1.2 × BL, ANT PT/BASE 1.7-4.5 …..33

32 Dorsum with a large black U-shaped patch, and broad dark cross bars or paired patches on thorax. SIPH 0.7-1.0 × head width across (and including) eyes …..Neomyzus circumflexus

- Dorsum without dark markings. SIPH 1.0-1.35 × head width across eyes

…..Aulacorthum solani

33 Dorsum with an intersegmental pattern of dark ornamentation. ANT 0.5-0.6 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.8 …..Myzus ornatus

- Dorsum with or without more extensive dark sclerotisation. ANT 0.65-1.2 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE 2.5-4.5 …..34

34 SIPH slightly swollen subapically, and with a very small flange. Prothorax with a pair of MTu. Dorsum with extensive sclerotisation, marked with a fine dark reticulate pattern, the pigmented areas being segmentally divided. Cauda triangular, less than 1.5 × its basal width

…..Abstrusomyzus valuliae

- SIPH not swollen subapically, with a small or large flange. No MTu on prothorax. Dorsum membranous or with variably developed sclerotisation, not segmentally divided and without a dark reticulate pattern. Cauda tongue-shaped, more than 1.8 × its basal width …..35

35 SIPH 1.5-1.9 × cauda. R IV+V less than 0.12 mm, 0.8-1.1 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen always pale and membranous …..Ericaphis fimbriata

- SIPH 2.0-2.7 × cauda. R IV+V usually more than 0.12 mm, 1.1-1.4 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen sclerotic, usually with an ill-defined brown mid-dorsal region of varying extent

…..Ericaphis wakibae

36 Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view. ABD TERG 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) …..37

- Cauda tongue-shaped or bluntly triangular, longer or shorter than its basal width. ABD TERG 7 with MTu …..38

37 SIPH only 0.03-0.08 mm long. Well-developed MTu usually present on ABD TERG 1-5. Spiracular apertures reniform …..Dysaphis microsiphon

- SIPH more than 0.08 mm long. Small MTu irregularly present on ABD TERG 2-5. Spiracular apertures large and rounded …..Brachycaudus helichrysi

38 ANT 5-segmented, with PT/BASE 4.5-6.0. Dorsal abdomen with paired spinal and marginal rows of pigmented sclerites bearing long, blunt hairs that are 2-3 × longer than ANT BD III. Cauda pale …..Aphis ichigocola

- ANT 5- or 6-segmented, with PT/BASE 1.7-3.5. Dorsal abdomen with shorter hairs not arising from longitudinal rows of pigmented sclerites. Cauda pale or dark …..39

39 R IV+V 1.6-1.9 × HT II …..Aphis forbesi

- R IV+V 0.9-1.5 × HT II …..go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24

Francoa Melianthaceae

Francoa ramosa Myzus persicae

F. sonchifolia Aphis fabae

Frangula see Rhamnus Rhamnaceae

Frangula alnus = Rhamnus frangula

Frankenia Frankeniaceae

Frankenia pulverulenta Myzus persicae

Franseria see Ambrosia Asteraceae

Frasera Gentianaceae

Frasera speciosa Aphis fraserae; [Uroleucon martini]

Fraxinus Ash Oleaceae

Fraxinus species are primary or only hosts for several members of the pemphigid genus Prociphilus, the spring generations of which form leaf nests. Only the alatae produced by these leaf nest colonies are keyed here. Of the other aphids described or recorded from Fraxinus, only one (Myzus beybienkoi) has been collected more than once. The others are not included in the key and are indicated by square brackets in the following list:-

     Fraxinus americana                               White Ash
                                                        [Phylloxera fraxini Stebbins 1910 – nomen nudum];
                                                        Prociphilus americanus, fraxinifolii, oriens, pergandei,
                                                           probosceus

F. angustifolia Prociphilus bumeliae, fraxini

F. chinensis Prociphilus emeiensis

F. dipetala Prociphilus americanus

     F. excelsior                                              European Ash
                                                        [Aphis gossypii]; [Aphis excelsioris Dahlbom 1851];
                                                        Myzus beybienkoi;

Prociphilus americanus, bumeliae, fraxini, fraxinifolii,

oriens;
[Pterocomma fraxini Theobald 1929 (= rufipes?)]

F. floribunda [“Prociphilus sp. B” of A.K. Ghosh et al. (1970)]

F. insularis Prociphilus formosanus

F. latifolia Prociphilus americanus, fraxinifolii

F. longicuspis [Chaitophorus fraxinicolus Matsumura 1919];

Myzus beybienkoi;

[Siphocoryne fraxinicola Matsumura 1917]

F. mandshurica Prociphilus bumeliae, oriens

F. nigra Prociphilus fraxinifolii

F. oregona = F. latifolia

F. ornus Prociphilus bumeliae, fraxini

F. oxycarpa Aphis gossypii; [Eucallipterus tiliae]; Myzus beybienkoi;

Prociphilus bumeliae, sp. near fraxini

F. pennsylvanica Prociphilus americanus, bumeliae, fraxini, fraxinifolii,

probosceus

F. platypoda Prociphilus oriens

F. potamophila = F. sogdiana

F. quadrangulata Prociphilus fraxinifolii

F. raibocarpa Aphis craccivora

F. rhynchophylla Prociphilus oriens

F. rotundifolia = F. angustifolia

F. sambucifolia = F. nigra

F. sieboldiana Prociphilus oriens

F. sogdiana Myzus beybienkoi

F. spaethiana = F. platypoda

F. syriaca Aphis gossypii

F. uhdei Prociphilus fraxinifolii

F. velutina Prociphilus fraxinifolii, oriens

Fraxinus sp. [Prociphilus cheni Tao 1970 (= oriens?)]

Key to aphids on Fraxinus:-

1 SIPH tubular, slightly swollen. ANT PT/BASE about 3. All antennal and dorsal body hairs short with expanded apices. Alata with a black dorsal abdominal patch

.....Myzus beybienkoi

- SIPH absent or only present as small pores. ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Antennal and body hairs of variable length, finely pointed. (Alata with unpigmented abdomen) .....2

2 Apterae in colonies at base of trunk or on roots .....3

- Alatae emerging from leaf-nest galls in spring or early summer .....4

3 BL more than 4 mm. Rostrum distinctly longer than body. R IV+V with about 50 accessory hairs .....Prociphilus probosceus

- BL less than 3 mm. Rostrum very short, R IV+V with 2(-4) accessory hairs

.....Prociphilus fraxinifolii

4 ANT VI BASE with secondary rhinaria .....5

- ANT VI BASE without secondary rhinaria .....7

5 ANT VI BASE with 1-5 irregularly-shaped secondary rhinaria, differing from those on

ANT III (fig. 49A) .....Prociphilus fraxinifolii

- ANT VI BASE with 8-15 narrow transverse secondary rhinaria like those on ANT III ....6

6 ANT II much longer than broad, with more than 25 hairs. ANT BASE VI with 10-18 hairs (fig. 49B). R IV+V with more than 10 accessory hairs. Head with a posterior dorsal pair of wax pore plates that are larger than the ocelli (fig. 49D) .....Prociphilus probosceus

- ANT II not longer than broad, with less than 10 hairs. ANT BASE VI with 3-6 hairs (fig. 49C), R IV+V with 4-8 accessory hairs. Head with dorsal wax pore plates absent or indistinct

.....Prociphilus pergandei

7 ANT V with 4-11 secondary rhinaria .....8

- ANT V with 0-2 secondary rhinaria .....9

8 SIPH present as small pores .....Prociphilus formosanus

- SIPH absent .....Prociphilus oriens

9 ANT III more than 5 × ANT II, as long as or longer than ANT IV + V together. Head with a pair of posterior dorsal wax pore plates, but without anterior dorsal wax pore plates .....10

- ANT III usually less than 5 × ANT II, usually a little shorter than ANT IV + V together. Head with or without anterior and posterior dorsal wax pore plates .....11

10 Posterior dorsal wax pore plates conspicuous as clearly defined pale areas much larger than ocelli (fig. 49E). Secondary rhinaria transversely oval, distributed ANT III 16-24, IV 4-9

.....Prociphilus bumeliae

- Posterior dorsal wax pore plates dark and ill-defined, not much larger than ocelli. Secondary rhinaria almost annular, distributed ANT III 26-32, IV 9-14 .....Prociphilus emeiensis*

11 R IV+V 0.50-0.55 × HT II. Head usually with a pair of small clear anterior wax pore plates (fig. 49F). Embryos (inside mother's abdomen) with spinal, pleural and marginal hairs all of similar length .....Prociphilus fraxini

- R IV+V 0.56-0.72 × HT II. Head usually without any anterior dorsal wax pore plates. Embryos with only marginal hairs long, about 5 times longer than the inconspicuous pleural and spinal hairs .....Prociphilus americanus

Freesia Iridaceae

Freesia laxa Myzus persicae

F. refracta Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ascalonicus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus

Freesia spp. Aphis gossypii; Dysaphis tulipae; Myzus ornatus;

Rhopalosiphum padi

Key to apterae on Freesia:-

- Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view. SIPH 0.06-0.096 × BL. Head and ABD TERG 8 (or 7-8) with spinal tubercles (STu) …..Dysaphis tulipae

- Cauda tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width. SIPH 0.1-0.35 × BL. STu absent from head, and rarely on ABD TERG 8 …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Freycinetia Pandanaceae

Freycinetia funicularis Cerataphis freycinetiae

F. gaudichaudii = F. scandens

F. javanica Astegopteryx pandani

F. scandens Cerataphis freycinetiae

Key to apterae on Freycinetia:-

(Both species have a pair of pointed horns on front of head, eyes with only 3-facets, pore-like SIPH and a transversely elongate cauda)

- Body dorsoventrally flattened, disc-like, with head fused to whole of thorax, and a continuous circumferential row of small wax glands …..Cerataphis freycinetiae

- Body pear-shaped, with head fused to prothorax. Marginal wax glands in rows of 3-6 per segment, separated between segments …..Astegopteryx pandani

Fritillaria Liliaceae

Fritillaria askabadensis = F. raddeana

F. crassifolia Aulacorthum solani; Myzus ornatus

F. imperialis Aphis fabae

F. raddeana [Sitobion fragariae]

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Fuchsia Onagraceae

Fuchsia arborescens Aphis grossulariae

F. globosa = F. magellanica

F. ×hybrida Acyrthosiphon malvae; Myzus ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus

F. magellanica Aphis gossypii, [praeterita]; Aulacorthum solani;

Myzus ornatus

F. microphylla Myzus ornatus

F. paniculata Aulacorthum solani; Myzus ornatus

Fuchsia sp(p). (and hybrids) [Anoecia corni]; Aphis oenotherae;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus lythri;

Smynthurodes betae

Key to apterae on Fuchsia:-

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Eyes 3-faceted. SIPH absent …..Smynthurodes betae

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5. Eyes multifacetted. SIPH tubular …..2

2 ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu) and R IV+V with 6-12 accessory hairs

…..3

- Either ABD TERG 1 and 7 are without MTu or R IV+V has only 2 accessory hairs …..4

3 ABD TERG 2-6 bearing in total 1-10 MTu (rarely less than 3) …..Aphis grossulariae

- ABD TERG 2-6 without MTu …..Aphis oenotherae

4 ANT 0.5-0.6 × BL, with PT/BASE 1.7-3.0. Dorsal cuticle wrinkled or warty, and SIPH coarsely imbricated, cylindrical or tapering …..5

- ANT more than 0.7 × BL, with PT/BASE 2.8-6.2 (if less than 3.0 then SIPH slightly clavate). Dorsal cuticle not conspicuously wrinkled or warty. SIPH moderately imbricated

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids

5 Dorsal abdomen with a pattern of dark intersegmental markings. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.8

…..Myzus ornatus

- Dorsal abdomen without conspicuous dark intersegmental markings. ANT PT/BASE 2.4-3.0

…..Myzus lythri

Fuertesimalva Malvaceae

Fuertesimalva peruviana Aphis fabae; Myzus persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Fuirena Cyperaceae

Fuirena umbellata Carolinaia caricis

Fumana Cistaceae

Fumana ericoides Aphis fumanae; [Therioaphis langloisi]

F. laevipes Aphis fumanae

F. procumbens Aphis fumanae

F. scoparia Aphis fumanae

F. spachii = F. ericoides

F. thymifolia Aphis fumanae

F. vulgaris = F. ericoides

Fumana sp. Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Couplet for apterae on Fumana:-

- SIPH black, without subapical polygonal reticulation, 0.09-0.23 × BL, 1.0-2.2 × the dark cauda. R IV+V 1.25-1.7 × HT II …..Aphis fumanae

- SIPH pale, with subapical polygonal reticulation, 0.25-0.35 × BL and 1.7-2.2 × the pale cauda. R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

(or try key to polyphagous aphids)