HOST LISTS and KEYS

2 Dorsum with extensive dark sclerotisation varying from an almost solid carapace to broad cross-bands (the latter in small midsummer specimens). Longest hairs on ANT III 1.8-2.8 × BD III. ABD TERG 8 with 6-12 hairs and cauda with 12-20 hairs …..Aphis cephalariae

- Without that combination of characters …..4

3 Femoral hairs all much shorter than diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Cauda pale, dusky or dark with 2-9 hairs …..4

- Many of femoral hairs long and fine, exceeding diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Cauda black with 10-24 hairs …..6

4 SIPH 2.0-2.8 × cauda. R IV+V 1.4-1.8 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 2.9-3.7

…..Aphis ochropus

- SIPH 0.8-2.3 × cauda. R IV+V 1.1-1.5 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-3.3 …..5

5 Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.2-0.5 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Hairs on anterior half of subgenital plate 0.2-0.5 × ANT BD III …..Aphis thomasi

- Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.6-1.1 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Hairs on anterior half of subgenital plate 1.0-2.0 × ANT BD III …..Aphis confusa

6 Dark cross-bands present on ABD TERG 7 and 8, and often dark markings also on more anterior tergites. Hind tibia without a row of spine-like hairs. HT 1 usually with 2 hairs (no sense peg) …..Aphis fabae group (incl. solanella)

- Dorsal abdomen without dark markings. Hind tibia with a row of spine-like hairs. HT I with 3 hairs (sense peg present) …..Aphis eugeniae

7 SIPH black, tapering/cylindrical, with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation. head dark, smooth, with inner faces of ANT tubercles divergent. ANT III with 10-35 rhinaria

…..Macrosiphum rosae

- SIPH pale, with or without subapical polygonal reticulation, and other characters do not apply …..go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 4

Dipterocarpus Dipterocarpaceae

Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Cervaphis schouteniae

Dipterocarpus sp. Greenidea sutepensis

(Dipterocarpaceae appear almost immune to attack by aphids.)

- SIPH with many long stout hairs. Body hairs not on branched processes

.....Greenidea sutepensis

- SIPH with a subapical ring of small hairs and a few other hairs more basad. Body with long branched hair-bearing processes (as in fig. 92A) .....Cervaphis schouteniae

Disa Orchidaceae

Disa caulescens Aulacorthum solani

D. uniflora Aulacorthum solani

(or try key to orchid-feeding aphids under Cymbidium)

Discaria Rhamnaceae

Discaria americana Aphis conflicta

D. chacaye Aphis conflicta

D. crenata = D. chacaye

D. trinervis = Ochetophila trinervis

(See key characters for A. conflicta under Condalia.)

Disocactus (including Heliocereus, Nopalxochia) Cactaceae

Disocactus ackermannii Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae

Disocactus sp. Aphis craccivora

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Disperis Orchidaceae

Disperis sp. Aulacorthum solani

Disporum see Prosartes Asparagaceae

Disporum hookeri = Prosartes hookeri

D. smithii = Prosartes smithii

Dissotis Melastomataceae

Dissotis senegambiensis = Antherotoma senegambiensis

D. trothae Aphis gossypii, spiraecola; Myzus ornatus

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Distichlis Poaceae

Distichlis spicata Aphis craccivora; Pemphigus sp.; Schizaphis graminum

Use key to aphids on temperate grasses.

Distictis Bignoniaceae

Distictis gnaphalantha = Amphilophium gnaphalanthum

Distyliopsis Hamamelidaceae

Distyliopsis dunnii Tripartita formosana

Distylium Hamamelidaceae

Distylium spp. are primary hosts for many members of the Nipponaphidini, in the subfamily Hormaphidinae. Takahashi (1962) and Sorin (1987) reviewed the species of this group that form galls on Distylium in Japan; Sorin illustrated the galls of 5 species, and the embryos from emigrant alatae of 12 species, Aoki et al. (2021) provided photographs of the galls of 5 Metanipponaphis species. However there may be numerous other species in east and south-east Asia still undescribed. Determinations using the partial key below should therefore be treated very cautiously.

Host List:-

Distylium racemosum Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii; Asiphonipponaphis vasigalla;

(incl. var. chinense) Dermaphis autumna, [japonensis]; Metanipponaphis cuspidatae, [rotunda], [shiicola];

Metathoracaphis isensis; Monzenia globuli, ihai, minuta;
Neothoracaphis yanonis; [Pseudomegoura magnoliae];

Nipponaphis distychii, distyliicola, loochooensis,

machilicola, monzeni;
Quadrartus yoshinomiyai; Sinonipponaphis monzeni;

Tripartita formosana; [“Tuberaphis” cymigalla]

D. stellare Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii; Distylaphis foliorum;

Greenidea flacourtiae; Neohormaphis calva;

Reticulaphis distylii;
Schizoneuraphis gallarum, longisetosa

Key to the aphids on Distylium:-

1 Apterae in free-living colonies on the tree .....2

- Alatae emerging from galls (other morphs not keyed) .....4

2 SIPH pore-like. Antennae very short, 3- or 4-segmented. Wax pore plates well developed

.....Distylaphis foliorum

- SIPH tubular. Antennae 6-segmented. Wax pore plates not developed .....3

3 SIPH broadest at mid-length, with numerous long hairs. Cauda short and broad-based, with an apical papilla. No stridulatory apparatus .....Greenidea flacourtiae

- SIPH tapering from base to flange, without hairs. Cauda tongue-shaped, rounded at apex. Stridulatory apparatus present (fig. 122) .....Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

4 Abdominal spiracles present on segments 2-6 (i.e., 5 on each side of abdomen) .....5

- Abdominal spiracles only present on segments 2-5 (4 on each side of abdomen) .....6

5 Antennae 4-segmented (fig. 45A). SIPH present (as pores). Media of forewing

once-branched .....Quadrartus yoshinomiyai

- Antennae 5-segmented. SIPH absent. Media of forewing unbranched

…..Asiphonipponaphis vasigalla

6 Media of forewing distinct for most of length, united with or almost meeting Cu_1aat about 0.4 of its length from base, and Cu_1athen united with or almost meeting Cu_1bat about 0.2-0.3 of its length, so that all three veins share a common stem (e.g. fig. 46A) .....7

- Media of forewing usually with basal part indistinct or absent, not united with Cu_1a (figs. 46B-H) .....8

7 Media of forewing unbranched (fig. 46A). ANT III with 16-21 annular secondary rhinaria, IV with 11-15 and V with 8-11 .....Neohormaphis calva

- Media of forewing once-branched. ANT III with 12-16 annular secondary rhinaria, IV with 7-9 and V with 5-7 .....Metathoracaphis isensis

8 Basal part of ANT III without rhinaria; distance between most proximal rhinarium and base of segment more than 1.5 times × longer than ANT II (fig. 45B) .....Dermaphis autumna

- Distance between most proximal rhinarium on ANT III and base of segment equal to or less than length of ANT II .....9

9 Wing membrane heavily infuscated, at least between vein Cu_1b and base of forewing ....10

- Wing membrane between veins almost hyaline, or slightly but evenly pigmented .....17

10 Antenna more than 2× longer than head width across (and including) eyes, ANT III being as long as or a little longer than fore tibia (e.g. fig.45C) .....11

- Antenna less than 2× head width across eyes. ANT III clearly shorter than fore tibia .....13

11 Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 54-73, IV 28-37, V 20-31

.....Nipponaphis loochooensis

- Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 34-48, IV 16-25, V 10-19 .....12

12 Ventral surface of head between eyes with 22-29 hairs .....Nipponaphis distychii

- Ventral surface of head between eyes with 6-12 hairs .....Nipponaphis machilicola*

13 ABD TERG 8 with 4-8 hairs .....Metanipponaphis cuspidatae

- ABD TERG 8 with 10 or more hairs .....14

14 Greatest width of ANT II about the same as its greatest length (fig. 45G). Longest tibial hairs about 40 µm, not exceeding width of tibia at mid-point. Forewing vein Cu_1b with a distinct shallow "S"-curve (fig. 46C) .....Distylaphis foliorum

- Greatest width of ANT II at least 1.1 times more than its greatest length (figs 45H-J). Tibial hairs long and fine, mainly longer than 50 µm and exceeding width of hind tibia at mid-point. Forewing vein Cu_1b straight or only slightly curved distally .....15

15 Forewing with a clearly defined hyaline patch at the base of the media, and vein Cu_1b slightly curved distally (fig. 46D). Abdominal spiracles with opercular sclerites almost completely surrounding the spiracular pores (fig. 45D) .....Schizoneuraphis longisetosa

- Forewing membrane often slightly paler at base of media, but no clearly defined hyaline patch, and vein Cu_1b virtually straight (e.g. fig. 46E). Abdominal spiracles with opercular sclerites extending not more than half way around spiracular pores (e.g. fig. 45E) .....16

16 BL more than 2.8 mm. SIPH with a black sclerotic section (fig. 45F), and with basal diameter about equal to middle diameter of ANT III (including rhinaria)

.....Nipponaphis monzeni

- BL less than 2.8 mm. SIPH pale and inconspicuous, with basal diameter much less than middle diameter of ANT III (including rhinaria) .....Nipponaphis distyliicola

17 Forewing veins Cu_1a and Cu_1b joined at their bases (e.g. fig. 46G) .....18

- Forewing veins Cu_1a and Cu_1b separate at their bases (e.g. fig. 46H) .....21

18 Antennae with 3-4 segments (those of the flagellum not clearly delineated) and a total of more than 61-110 secondary rhinaria .....Tripartita formosana*

- Antennae with 5 segments and a total of less than 60 secondary rhinaria .....19

19 (Al. are emigrants, migrating to secondary host) Vein Cu_1b in forewing distinctly thicker and darker than Cu_1a .....Neothoracaphis yanonis

- (Al. are sexuparae, producing sexuales on Distylium leaves.) Vein Cu_1b not noticeably thicker and darker than Cu_1a .....20

20 Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 7-9, IV 4-6, V 2-3 .....Monzenia minuta*

- Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 18-20, IV 8-9, V 4-6 .....Monzenia globuli

- Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 21-28, IV 10-15, V 9-12 .....Monzenia ihai

21 Forewing rather narrow, more than 2.5 × longer than its greatest width, with veins (except media) dark and pterostigma blackish (fig. 46F) .....Schizoneuraphis gallarum

- Forewing broad, less than 2.5 × longer than its greatest width, with veins pale (except sometimes Cu_1b), and pterostigma dusky (fig. 46H) .....Reticulaphis distylii

Ditremexa see Cassia Fabaceae

Dittrichia Asteraceae

D. graveolens Capitophorus inulae; [Macrosiphum weberi]

D. viscosa Aphis fabae, frangulae, gossypii; spiraecola;

Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi;

Capitophorus inulae, pakansas;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae;

Ovatus inulae; Uroleucon bifrontis, inulae, pulicariae

Use key to apterae under Inula.

Dizygotheca see Schleffera Araliaceae

Dodartia Phrymaceae

Dodartia orientalis Aphis gossypii

Dodecatheon Primulaceae

Dodecatheon lemoinei = D. meadia

D. meadia Aphis gossypii, spiraecola; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus persicae

D. pauciflorum = D. meadia

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Dodonaea Sapindaceae

D. angustifolia see D. viscosa

D. boroniifolia Myzus persicae

D. humifusa Macrosiphum euphorbiae

D. microzyga Myzus persicae

D. truncatiales Myzus persicae

D. viscosa (incl. ssp. Aphis aurantii, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola;

angustifolia) [Hysteroneura setariae];

Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Doellingeria Asteraceae

D. scabra Aulacorthum asteriphagum; Chitinosiphum doellingeriae;

Uroleucon asteriae, doellingeriae, [formosana], fuchuense

D. umbellata Uroleucon olivei, paucosensoriatum

Use key to apterae on Aster.

Dolichandra Bignoniaceae

Dolichandra unguis-cati Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Dolichorrhiza Asteraceae

Dolicorrhiza renifolia Myzus persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Dolichos (including Lablab) Fabaceae

Dolichos biflorus = Vigna unguiculata

D. gululu Aphis craccivora

D. kilimandscharicus Aphis craccivora, gossypii

D. lablab (= Lalab purpureus) Acyrthosiphon [caraganae], gossypii, pisum;

Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; [Megoura crassicauda];

Microparsus brasiliensis; Myzus ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

D. lupiniflorus = D. kilimandscharicus

D. malosanus = D. kilimandscharicus

D. monachalis = Vigna unguiculata

D. sesquipedalis = Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis

Dolichos sp. Sitobion nigrinectarium

Key to apterae on Dolichos:-

1 SIPH slightly clavate, with proximal half pale and distal half dark. (Forewing veins of alata with broad black borders) …..Microparsus brasiliensis

- SIPH tapering/cylindrical, uniformly pale or dark, or dark only at apices. (Forewing veins of alata not black-bordered) …..2

2 SIPH black with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation …..Sitobion nigrinectarium

- SIPH pale or dark, if dark then without polygonal reticulation .....3

3 SIPH pale and attenuated distally, thinner than hind tibiae at their respective midlengths

…..4

- SIPH pale or dark, not attenuated distally, not thinner than hind tibiae at their respective midlengths .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

4 SIPH 0.23-0.38 × BL, 1.2-1.9 × cauda …..Acyrthosiphon pisum

- SIPH 0.42-0.50 × BL, 2.5-3.5 × cauda …..Acyrthosiphon gossypii

Dombeya Sterculiaceae

Dombeya dregeana = D. tiliacea

D. natalensis = D. tiliacea

D. rotundifolia Aphis aurantii, gossypii; [Sitobion sp.]

D. tiliacea Aulacorthum solani

D. wallichii [Sitobion sp.]

Dombeya sp(p). Myzus persicae; Sitobion africanum

Key to aphids on Dombeya:-

- SIPH of aptera long and black with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Cauda long and pale .....Sitobion africanum

- Aptera without this combination of characters .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Dorema Apiaceae

Dorema ammoniacum Aphis fabae; Swirskiaphis polychaeta

D. ammomum (?) Aphis fabae

D. aucheri Aphis fabae

Key to apterae on Dorema:-

- Dorsal body hairs numerous, long and thick, more than 0.5 × as long as SIPH. SIPH only 0.065-0.09 × BL, about 1 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.3 …..Swirskiaphis polychaeta

- Dorsal body hairs fine, less than 0.5 × as long as SIPH. SIPH 0.09-0.19 × BL and 1.3-2.6 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE (2.1-)2.4-3.4 …..Aphis fabae

Doronicum Asteraceae

Doronicum austriacum Aphis cacaliasteris, fabae, solanella; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Macrosiphum doronicicola, euphorbiae;

Nasonovia ribisnigri; Uroleucon doronici

D. carpaticum Uroleucon doronici

D. carpetanum Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi;

Macrosiphum doronicicola; Uroleucon doronici

D. caucasicum Protrama longitarsus; Trama troglodytes

D. clusii Nasonovia ribisnigri

D. columnae Aulacothum solani (as doronici Börner 1950);

Uroleucon doronici

D. cruentum see Pericallis cruenta

D. glaciale Brachycaudus helichrysi

D. grandiflorum Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus helichrysi

D. orientale Aphis fabae; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; Uroleucon doronici

D. pardalianches Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Uroleucon doronici

D. turkestanicum [Acyrthosiphon ilka]

Doronicum spp. Brachycaudus tragopogonis; [Protrama radicis]

Key to apterae on Doronicum:-

1 HT much elongated, more than 0.5 × hind tibia. ANT PT/BASE less than 1. Body and appendages densely clothed in fine hairs …..2

- HT of normal length. ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5. SIPH present. Eyes multifacetted. Body and appendages less hairy …..3

2 SIPH absent. ANT PT/BASE less than 0.25. ANT without sec. rhinaria and eyes with only 3 facets (except in rare alatiform apterae) .….Trama troglodytes

- SIPH present as pores on slightly elevated, pigmented cones. ANT PT/BASE more than 0.25. Apterae typically alatiform, with secondary rhinaria on ANT and multifaceted eyes

..….Protrama longitarsus

3 SIPH with subapical reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of closed polygonal cells) …..4

- SIPH without subapical reticulation …..6

4 SIPH and cauda dark. ANT III with more than 20 rhinaria …..Uroleucon doronici

- SIPH and cauda pale. ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria …..5

5 R IV+V 1.05-1.38 × HT II, and bearing 12-17 accessory hairs

…..Macrosiphum doronicicola

- R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II, and bearing 7-10 accessory hairs …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

6 Head spiculose with well-developed, steep-sided ANT tubercles …..7

- Head not spiculose and ANT tubercles undeveloped or moderately developed …..8

7 Dorsal abdomen with a large, dark, roughly horseshoe-shaped patch. SIPH 0.7-1.0 × head width across (and including) eyes. Hind tibiae of immature fomrs densely spinulose

…..Neomyzus circumflexus

- Dorsum without any dark markings. SIPH 1.0-1.4 × head width across eyes. Hind tibiae of immature forms smooth …..Aulacorthum solani

8 ANT III with 8-42 rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 8-11. Cauda much longer than its basal width and bearing 7(-8) hairs …..Nasonovia ribisnigri

- ANT III without rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-5.0. If cauda is much longer than its basal width then it bears 10-24 hairs …..9

9 Cauda dark, tongue-shaped, as long as or longer than its basal width, with 10-24 hairs. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu). Spiracular apertures reniform …..10

- Cauda pale or dark, helmet-shaped or semi-circular, shorter than its basal width in dorsal view, with 4-9 hairs. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu. Spiracular apertures rounded …..11

10 ANT (of apt.) usually with rhinaria on III and IV, those on III being mostly on distal part of segment. Tibiae dark …..Aphis cacaliasteris

- ANT without rhinaria on III and IV. Tibiae mostly pale

…..Aphis fabae (or A. solanella; see polyphagous aphids key, couplet 35)

11 R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen usually with extensive dark sclerotisation, but with sclerites showing some division between segments. First tarsal segments each with 2 sense pegs (i.e. first tarsal chaetotaxy 4-4-4) …..Brachycaudus tragopogonis

- R IV+V 1.2-2.0 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen either membranous or with a solid dark sclerotic shield, not divided segmentally. First tarsal segments each with (0-)1 sense peg (first tarsal chaetotaxy 3-3-3 or 3-3-2) ….. 12

12 Dorsum membranous. SIPH pale and smooth, 0.9-1.6 × cauda. Mesosternum without mammariform processes …..Brachycaudus helichrysi

- Dorsum with a solid dark shield. SIPH dark, imbricated, 1.8-3.4 × cauda. Mesosternum with a pair of dark mammariform processes …..Brachycaudus cardui

Dorycnium Fabaceae

Dorycnium fulgurans Aphis ?loti

D. germanicum = D. pentaphyllum ssp. germanicum

D. graecum Aphis loti; Therioaphis loti

D. hirsutum Acyrthosiphon loti; Aphis craccivora, loti;

Therioaphis bonjeaniae, litoralis, obscura

D. pentaphyllum Acyrthosiphon caraganae, loti, pisum;

(incl. sspp. germanicum, Aphis craccivora, loti, [Aphis sp. (Rumania: Holman &

herbaceum) Pintera 1981)];

[Macrosiphum rosae];

Therioaphis dorycnii, [hillerislambersi], litoralis, obscura

D. rectum Acyrthosiphon gossypii, loti, pisum; Aphis craccivora;

Therioaphis bonjeaniae, brachytricha

D. sericeum = D. pentaphyllum ssp. germanicum

See combined key to apterae on Dorycnium and Lotus, under Lotus.

Dovyalis Salicaceae

Dovyalis caffra Aphis aurantii, spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani

(Use key to polyphagous aphids)

Draba Brassicaceae

Draba alpina Brevicoryne brassicae

D. borealis Myzus ascalonicus

D. fladnizensis Aphis frangulae ssp. beccabungae

D. hispida Myzus cerasi

D. incana Brevicoryne brassicae

D. lanceolata [Acyrthosiphon ilka]; Aphis frangulae ssp. beccabungae;

Neomyzus circumflexus

D. ruaxes Myzus ascalonicus

Use key to apterae on Lepidium.

Dracaena Asparagaceae

Dracaena spp. Aphis aurantii, spiraecola; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Uroleucon compositae

Key to apterae on Dracaena:-

- SIPH cylindrical over most of length, slightly swollen distally but with a smooth constricted region just proximal to the well-developed flange. Dorsal cuticle ornamented with spicules arranged in polygons …..Rhopalosiphum padi

- SIPH without a smooth constricted region below flange. Dorsal cuticle without spicules arranged in polygons …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Dracocephalum Lamiaceae

Dracocephalum argunense Aphis gossypii

D. austriacum Aulacorthum solani

D. bipinnatum Brachycaudus cerasicola

D. foetidum Klimaszewskia dracocephali

D. grandiflorum Aphis frangulae ssp. beccabungae;

Brachycaudus cerasicola, helichrysi;

Klimaszewskia katonica

D. imberbe Brachycaudus cerasicola

D. latifolium (?) Aphis spiraecola

D. nodulosum Aphis frangulae ssp. beccabungae

D. nutans Aphis frangulae ssp. beccabungae, gossypii, nepetae;

Brachycaudus cerasicola; Ovatus crataegarius

D. ruyschiana Aphis ballotae, [dragocephalus Bozhko (nomen nudum)],

frangulae ssp. beccabungae

D. thymiflorum [Aphis serpylli]

Dracocephalum sp. [Aphis narzikulovi (record based on misidentified host – see

Holman 1988, 43)]

Key to apterae on Dracocephalum:-

1 First tarsal segments with 5 hairs. ANT tubercles well-developed, divergent, without spicules

…..2

- First tarsal segments with 2-3 hairs. ANT tubercles either weakly developed or with inner faces steep-sided and spiculose, or bearing rugose processes …..3

2 ANT III with 31-33 rhinaria distributed over most of length. ANT PT/BASE less than 3.0. R IV with about 40 accessory hairs …..Klimaszewskia dracocephali

- ANT III with 0-2 rhinaria near base. ANT PT/BASE 4.2-5.2. R IV with 10-14 accessory hairs ….. Klimaszewskia katonica*

3 Dorsum with an extensive dark sclerotic shield. Cauda semi-circular, much shorter than its basal width. Spiracular apertures rounded …..Brachycaudus cerasicola

- Without that combination of characters …..4

4 Inner faces of ANT tubercles themselves divergent but bearing rounded, rugose processes that project forward, inward and slightly upward …..Ovatus crataegarius

- ANT tubercles either weakly developed or with inner faces steep-sided and spiculose but without rounded processes …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

(but note that specimens running to A. gossypii could be a species of the frangulae group, which includes ballotae and nepetae)

Dracophyllum Epacridaceae

Dracophyllum palustre Schizaphis (Euschizaphis) sp. (New Zealand)

D. recurvatum Schizaphis (Euschizaphis) sp. (New Zealand)

D. subulatum Schizaphis (Euschizaphis) sp. (New Zealand)

See Teulon et al. (2013) and Podmore et al. (2019) for further information.

Dregea Apocynaceae

Dregea sinensis Aphis nerii

D. volubilis Aphis nerii

Drepanocladus Amblystegiaceae

Drepanocladus aduncus Muscaphis cuspidata

(or try key to apterae on mosses under Polytrichum)

Drimia Asparagaceae

Drimia maritima Smynthurodes betae

Drimys Winteraceae

Drimys winteri Aphis nasturtii

Droogmansia Fabaceae

Droogmansia megalantha Sitobion africanum

D. vanderystii Sitobion africanum

Droogmansia sp. Aphis craccivora

Couplet for separating these two species:-

- Dorsum with variably developed, segmentally divided sclerotisation. SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation …..Sitobion africanum

- Dorsum with an extensive solid black patch. SIPH without polygonal reticulation

…..Aphis craccivora

Drosera Droseraceae

Drosera anglica Aphis triglochinis; Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

D. capillaris Hyalomyzus jussiaeae

D. intermedia Aphis triglochinis

D. longifolia Aphis triglochinis

D. loureirii Aphis droserae

D. peltata (incl. lanata) Aphis droserae

D. rotundifolia Aphis droserae, nasturtii, triglochinis;

[Cavariella aegopodii]; Myzus lythri

Drosera spp. Aphis frangulae

Key to apterae on Drosera:-

1 Head spiculose/nodulose, with rounded ANT tubercles. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu). SIPH pale, 2.3-3.8 × cauda …..2

- Head wthout spicules or nodules, ANT tubercles undeveloped or weakly developed, not projecting beyond middle of front of head in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu. SIPH pale or dark, 0.7-2.1 × cauda …..3

2 ANT 0.5-0.6 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE 2.4-3.0. SIPH not clavate …..Myzus lythri

- ANT 1.1-1.3 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE 4.0-5. SIPH slightly clavate

…..Hyalomyzus jussiaeae

3 SIPH somewhat swollen on distal half, dark like cauda, ANT and legs. R IV+V 0.135-0.195 mm long, 1.3-1.7 × ANT BASE VI …..Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

- SIPH cylindrical or tapering, pale or dark. Cauda pale or dark, ANT and legs at least partly pale. R IV+V usually shorter …..4

4 SIPH pale, sometimes dusky-tipped …..5

- SIPH uniformly dark …..6

5 ANT PT/BASE 1.1-1.8. (Al. with secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 25-60, IV 9-25, V 7-17) …..Aphis triglochinis

- ANT PT/BASE 1.8-3.0 (Al. with secondary rhinaria distributed ANT iii 8-16, IV 1-6, V 0-2)

…..Aphis nasturtii

6 SIPH and cauda both black. SIPH short, 0.11-0.15 × BL and 0.8-1.1 × cauda. ANT dark except for basal part of ANT III …..Aphis droserae

- Cauda paler than SIPH, which are usually more than 0.15 × BL (range 0.09-0.26) and usually more than 1.1 × cauda (0.85-2.16). ANT III-IV, and most of V, pale

…..Aphis frangulae group

Dryas Rosaceae

Dryas integrifolia Acyrthosiphon brevicorne

D. octopetala Acyrthosiphon brevicorne, malvae, svalbardicum;

[Ericaphis latifrons]

D. octopetala var. asiatica Ericaphis wakibae

D. punctata [Acyrthosiphon dryasae]; [Metopolophium arcticum]

Dryas sp. Macrosiphum euphorbiae, rosae

Key to apterae on Dryas:-

1 SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation …..2

- SIPH without a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation …..3

2 Head and SIPH black. ANT III with 10-35 rhinaria …..Macrosiphum rosae

- Head and SIPH pale or dusky. ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

3 Head densely spiculose. Dorsal abdomen sclerotic, usually with an ill-defined darker mid-dorsal region of varying extent …..Ericaphis wakibae

- Head smooth or only sparsely spiculose. Dorsum without dark sclerotic pigmentation …..4

4 ANT 0.9-1.5 × BL, with PT/BASE 4.4-7.5. SIPH 0.20-0.29 × BL

…..Acyrthosiphon malvae group

- ANT 0.6-0.8 × BL, with PT/BASE 1.2-2.4. SIPH 0.15-0.22 × BL …..5

5 ANT PT/BASE 1.2-1.5. SIPH 0.16-0.22 × BL …..Acyrthosiphon svalbardicum

- ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.4. SIPH 0.15-0.18 × BL …..Acyrthosiphon brevicorne

Drymaria Caryophyllaceae

Drymaria cordata Aphis craccivora, gossypii; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; [Lipaphis erysimi];

Myzus ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus; [Sitobion pauliani]

D. villosa Aphis craccivora; Neomyzus circumflexus

Drymaria sp. Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Drymocallis see Potentilla Rosaceae

Drymoglossum see Pyrrosia Polypodiaceae

Drynaria Polypodiaceae

Drynaria volkensii Micromyzella pterisoides

(or try key to fern-feeding aphids under Polypodium)

Dryopteris Dryopteridaceae

Dryopteris abbreviata Idiopteris nephrelepidis

D. arguta Macrosiphum walkeri

D. arida = Cyclosorus aridus

D. austriaca = D. dilatata

D. carthusiana Amphorophora ampullata; Idiopteris nephrelepidis;

Macrosiphum dryopteridis; Taiwanomyzus alpicola

D. chrysocoma Amphorophora ampullata ssp. bengalensis

D. cochleata Micromyzodium filicium

D. crassirhizoma Amphorophora ampullata; [Thomasia shidae Shinji 1922]

D. cristata Macrosiphum dryopteridis

D. dentata = Thelypteris dentata

D. dilatata (incl. austriaca) Amphorophora ampullata; Macrosiphum dryopteridis;

Taiwanomyzus filicis

D. filix-mas Amphorophora ampullata; Aulacorthum solani;

Idiopterus nephrelepidis;

Macromyzus maculata, woodwardiae;

Macrosiphum dryopteridis; Neomyzus circumflexus; [Rhopalosiphum dryopterae]

D. fuscipes Macromyzus woodwardiae

D. marginalis Macrosiphum miho

D. molle (?) Macromyzus maculatus

D. monticola Macromyzus woodwardiae

D. nipponensis Idiopteris nephrelepidis

D. oligocarpa = Thelypteris oligocarpa

D. paleacea = D. wallichiana

D. parasitica = Christella parasitica

D. patagonica = D. filix-mas

D. rigida Idiopteris nephrelepidis

D. spinulosa = D. carthusiana

D. thelypteris = Thelypteris palustris

D. varia Macrosiphum woodwardiae

D. wallichiana [Eutrichosiphum alnicola]

Dryopteris sp. Shinjia orientalis

Use general key to fern-feeding aphids under Polypodium.

Drypetes Putranjivaceae

Drypetes lateriflora Aphis spiraecola

Duabanga Lythraceae

Duabanga sonneratioides Aphis fabae, gossypii, odinae, spiraecola;

Eutrichosiphum sikkimense; Greenidea ficicola;

Greenidea (Trichosiphum) bucktonis, [fici], psidii;

Tinocallis (Orientinocallis) distincta, himalayensis

Key to species:-

1 Apterae or alatae. SIPH tubular, longer than basal width. Cauda tongue-shaped or rounded, anal plate entire .....2

- All viviparae are alatae. SIPH as short, truncate cones. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed

.....6

2 SIPH without hairs .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

- SIPH with numerous long hairs .....3

3 Antennae 5-segmented. Body elongate, more than 2× its maximum width. Abdominal tergum pale. SIPH without any pale reticulation. Cauda without a medial papilla

.....Eutrichosiphum sikkimense

- Antennae 6-segmented. Body pear-shaped, less than 2× its maximum width. Abdominal tergum dark. SIPH with pale reticulation, at least on basal part. Cauda with a median papilla

.....4

4 Siphunculi with pale reticulation throughout length except for spiculose subapical region

.....Greenidea ficicola

- Siphunculi with pale reticulation confined to basal region …..5

5 ANT PT subequal to or slightly shorter than ANT III, less than 2× longer than R IV+V

.....Greenidea (Trichosiphum) bucktonis

- ANT PT longer than ANT III, and more than 2× longer than R IV+V

.....Greenidea (Trichosiphum) psidii

6 Forewings with veins unbordered. ANT III-VI mainly dark, with III bearing 19-28 secondary rhinaria over c. 0.8 of length, ABD TERG 1-4 with spinal hairs on dark conical processes

.....Tinocallis (Orientinocallis) distincta

- Forewings with veins dark-bordered. ANT III-VI mainly pale, dark at joints and apically; III with 3-17 secondary rhinaria over 0.4-0.7 of length. ABD TERG 1-2 with spinal hairs on dark finger-like processes, those on ABD TERG 2 being much larger than those on 1

.....Tinocallis (Orientinocallis) himalayensis

Duboisia Solanaceae

Duboisia myoporoides Myzus persicae

Duchesnea Rosaceae

Duchesnea chrysantha Myzus persicae; [Sitobion akebiae]

D. indica Acyrthosiphon malvae group (as boreale);

Aphis nasturtii;

Matsumuraja sp. near formosana (as Chaetosiphon

anguifragum Qiao & Zhang 1999);

Myzus ornatus, persicae

D. wallichiana = D. chrysantha

Key to apterae on Duchesnea:-

- ANT I with a finger-like process (as in Fig. 47d). Dorsal body and antennal hairs capitate

…..Matsumuraja sp. near formosana

- ANT I without a finger-like process. Hairs not capitate

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Ducrosia Apiaceae

Ducrosia sp. Hyadaphis foeniculi

Duggena see Gonzalagunia Rubiaceae

D. brachyantha = Gonzalagunia brachyantha

D. spicata = Gonzalagunia hirsuta

Duranta Verbenaceae

D. ellisiae = D. erecta

D. erecta Aphis gossypii, nerii, odinae, punicae, spiraecola;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; Myzus ornatus, persicae

D. plumieri = D. erecta

D. repens = D. erecta

D. stenostachya Myzus persicae

Key to apterae on Duranta:-

1 Head spinulose with well-developed, apically convergent ANT tubercles …..2

- Head without spicules, ANT tubercles undeveloped or weakly developed, not projecting beyond middle of front of head in dorsal view …..3

2 SIPH slightly clavate. Dorsum without dark intersegmental markings. ANT PT/BASE 2.8-4.5

…..Myzus persicae

- SIPH tapering, usually with a slight “S”-curve. Dorsum with a pattern of dark intersegmental markings. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.8 …..Myzus ornatus

3 Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width in dorsal view. SIPH smooth, conical, with a subapical annular incision below the large flange. Spiracular apertures rounded. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) …..Brachycaudus helichrysi

- Cauda tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width. SIPH imbricated, without a subapical annular incision. Spiracular apertures reniform. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu …..4

4 SIPH and cauda both black …..5

- SIPH pale or dark, cauda pale or dusky (paler than SIPH) …..7

5 SIPH 0.4-0.6 × cauda. Stridulatory apparatus present. ABD TERG 2 usually, and 3 often, with marginal tubercles (MTu) …..Aphis odinae

- SIPH 0.9-2.7 × cauda. No stridulatory apparatus. ABD TERG 2 and 3 rarely with MTu

…..6

6 SIPH 0.9-1.7 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 1.9-2.8 …..Aphis spiraecola

- SIPH 1.7-2.7 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 3.4-4.1 …..Aphis nerii

7 SIPH often paler at base, and usually less than 1.5 × cauda. (Al. often with 1-3 rhinaria on ANT IV) …..Aphis punicae

- SIPH uniformly dark, usually more than 1.5 × cauda. (Al. usually without rhinaria on ANT IV, rarely with 1 or 2) …..Aphis gossypii

Dyckia Bromeliaceae

Dyckia breviflora Hysteroneura setariae

D. floribunda Aphis fabae, gossypii

D. rariflora [Aphis sp. – Leonard 1972a: 100]; Myzus persicae

Key to apterae on Dyckia:-

- Cauda pale, elongate and with only 4 hairs, contrasting with black, calf-shaped SIPH. ANT PT/BASE 4.8-6.7. (Al. with only 1 oblique vein in hind-wing) .....Hysteroneura setariae

- Without that combination of characters .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Dypsis Arecaceae

Dypsis lutescens Cerataphis brasiliensis

D. madagascariensis Aphis gossypii; Cerataphis brasiliensis

Use key to apterae on palms under Calamus.

Dyschoriste Acanthaceae

Dyschoriste heudelotiana Aphis gossypii

D. ?radicans Aphis gossypii

Dysophylla see Pogostemon Lamiaceae

Dysoxylum Meliaceae

Dysoxylum sp. Aphis odinae

[N.B. Records under Dysoxylum in Tao (1999) are presumably a printer’s error, and possibly all apply to Lithocarpus.]

Dysphania Amaranthaceae

Dysphania aristata Hayhurstia atriplicis

Dyssodia Asteraceae

Dyssodea tagetiflora Geopempigus sp. (blackmani?)

Dyssodia sp. Myzus persicae

Couplet for separating these species:-

- ANT PT/BASE less than 1. SIPH absent. Anal plate displaced dorsally. Dorsal wax glands present on head, thorax and abdomen. (On roots) …..Geopemphigus (blackmani?)

- ANT PT/BASE 2.8-4.5. SIPH present, tubular, slightly clavate. Anal plate in normal position. No discrete wax glands. (On aerial parts) …..Myzus persicae

(or use key to polyphagous aphids)

Dystaenia Apiaceae

Dystaenia ibukiensis Cavariella japonica

D. takesimana Brachycaudus helichrysi

Couplet for separating these two species:-

- ABD TERG 8 with a small process bearing a pair of hairs. SIPH rugose, without a subapical annular incision, and 2.7-3.0 × cauda. Tergum pigmented, and with

nodulose ornamentation. Spiracular apertures small and occluded .....Cavariella japonica

- ABD TERG 8 without a small hair-bearing process. SIPH short, smooth, with a subapical annular incision. Tergum unpigmented, smooth. Spiracular apertures

large and rounded .....Brachycaudus helichrysi

Ecballium Cucurbitaceae

Ecballium elaterium Aphis [ecballii], gossypii;

Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Eccoilopus see Spodiopogon Poaceae

Echeveria Crassulaceae

Echeveria crenulata [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972a)]

E. gibbiflora Aphis sedi

E. gigantea Aphis sedi

Echeveria sp. Macrosiphum centranthi

Couplet for two species on Echeveria:-

- Body spindle-shaped, BL 2.0-3.6 mm. ANT 1.3-1.6 × BL. SIPH pale with dark apices, 1.8-2.2 × cauda, with subapical polygonal reticulation. Rostrum (total length measured from base of protractor apodeme) less than 0.25 × BL …..Macrosiphum centranthi

- Body oval, BL 1.0-1.7 mm. ANT 0.5-0.8 × BL. SIPH uniformly dark, 0.8-1.4 × cauda, without polygonal reticulation. Rostrum total length 0.30-0.42 × BL …..Aphis sedi

Echinacea Asteraceae

Echinacea angustifolia Protaphis echinaceae

E. purpurea [Macrosiphum sp. (Ossiannilsson 1964a)];

[Uroleucon leonardi]

Echinocarpus see Sloanea Elaeocarpaceae

Echinochloa Poaceae

Echinochloa colona Aphis gossypii; Geoica lucifuga; Hysteroneura setariae;

Melanaphis indosacchari, sacchari;

Rhopalosiphum maidis,padi, rufiabdominale;

Sitobion miscanthi; Smynthurodes betae;

Tetraneura basui, caerulescens, fusiformis, javensis

E. crus-galli Anoecia corni, fulviabdominalis, major, [mirae],

setariae, vagans, zirnitsi;

Carolinaia rhois; Diuraphis frequens, noxia;

Forda marginata, pawlowae;

Geoica lucifuga, setulosa, utricularia;

Hysteroneura setariae; Laingia psammae;

Melanaphis sacchari; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Paracletus bykovi, bykovi ssp. uzbekistanicus,

cimiciformis;

Protaphis middletonii; [Pseudoregma alexanderi];

Rhopalosiphum maidis, padi, rufiabdominale;

Schizaphis graminum, jaroslavi, pyri;

Sipha flava, maydis; Sitobion avenae, fragariae, miscanthi;

Tetraneura africana, basui, caerulescens, fusiformis,

nigriabdominalis, triangula, radicicola, ulmi, yezoensis

E. frumentacea Anoecia corni, fulviabdominalis;

Rhopalosiphum maidis, padi, rufiabdominale;

Sipha flava;

Tetraneura fusiformis,nigriabdominalis, yezoensis

E. pyramidalis Rhopalosiphum maidis

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Echinocystis Cucurbitaceae

Echinocystis fabacea = Marah fabaceus

E. lobata Aphis gossypii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Echinocystis sp. Macrosiphum echinocysti

Key to apterae on Echinocystis:-

1 Body oval. SIPH uniformly dark, shorter than distance between their bases, without polygonal reticulation. Cauda with 4-7 (-8) hairs …..Aphis gossypii

- Body spindle-shaped. SIPH pale (or dark-tipped ), longer than the distance between their bases, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Cauda with 8-15 hairs …..2

2 ANT PT/BASE about 7. SIPH 0.35-0.4 × BL, with polygonal reticulation on distal

0.17-0.25. SIPH 2.1-2.6 × cauda which bears 12-15 hairs …..Macrosiphum echinocysti

- ANT PT/BASE 5.3-6.5. SIPH 0.25-0.35 × BL, with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.13-0.20. SIPH 1.7-2.2 × cauda which bears 8-12 hairs …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Echinodorus Alismataceae

Echinodorus berteroi Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

E. ranunculoides Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

Echinophora Apiaceae

Echinophora platyloba Anuraphis subterranea

E. tenuifolia Anuraphis cachryos

(incl. ssp. sibthorpiana)

Use key to apterae on Ferula.

Echinops Asteraceae

Echinops albicaulis Paczoskia paczoskii ssp. turanica, paczoskii ssp. ruthenica;

Protaphis echinopis, echinopsicola;

Turanoleucon jashenkoi

E. bannaticus Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Myzus ornatus; Neomyzus circumflexus;

Paczoskia longipes

E. chantavicus Paczoskia paczoskii ssp. turanica

E. commutatus = E. exaltatus

E. cornigerus Uroleucon budhium

E. dahuricus = E. latifolius

E. dissectus Aphis fabae

E. echinatus Myzus persicae; Uroleucon echinatum

E. exaltatus Aphis fabae; Paczoskia longipes

E. galalensis Paczoskia meridionalis

E. galaticus = E. ossicus

E. humilis Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus cardui

E. karatavicus Paczoskia paczoskii ssp. turanica

E. latifolius [Aphis (Protaphis) sp. (Holman 1991, 48)]

E. longifolius Aphis gossypii

E. maracandicus Paczoskia paczoskii

E. microcephalus Paczoskia brevipilosa, major ssp. bulgarica

E. ossicus Paczoskia colchica

E. ritro Aphis craccivora, fabae;

Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi;

Paczoskia brevipilosa, major, paczoskii,

paczoskii ssp. ruthenica;

Protaphis middletonii; Turanoleucon jashenkoi

E. ritro ssp. ruthenicus Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus cardui;

Paczoskia paczoskii, paczoskii ssp. ruthenica

E. ritro ssp. tenuifolius = E. ritro s. str.

E. ruthenicum = E. ritro ssp. ruthenicus

E. sphaerocephalus Aphis fabae; Aulacorthum solani;

Paczoskia major, paczoskii ssp. turanica;

Protaphis terricola

E. spinosissimus Paczoskia meridionalis;

Protaphis echinopis, [pseudocardui];

E. spinosus = E. spinosissimus

E. tschimganicus Paczoskia paczoskii, paczoskii ssp. turanica

E. viscosus = E. spinosissimus

Echinops spp. Paczoskia wagneri; [Protaphis anuraphoides]

Key to apterae on Echinops:-

Couplets 8-16 are based largely on Holman (1981).

1 Cauda short, bluntly triangular, semi-circular or helmet-shaped, shorter than or not clearly longer than (less than 1.3 ×) its basal width in dorsal view …..2

- Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped or acutely triangular, clearly longer than (more than 1.4 ×) its basal width in dorsal view …..6

2 ANT PT/BASE 0.8-2.1. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with (and 2-5 without) marginal tubercles (MTu). Spiracular apertures reniform. SIPH dark. Cauda with 8-22 hairs …..3

- ANT/BASE 2.4-5.1. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu. Spiracular apertures large and rounded. SIPH pale or dark. Cauda with 4-8 hairs …..5

3 ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.1. R IV+V 0.8-1.2 × SIPH. Cauda with 8-16 hairs

…..Protaphis middletonii

- ANT PT/BASE 0.8-1.1. R IV+V long, 1.5-2.5 × SIPH. Cauda with 16-22 hairs …..4

4 Hairs on ANT III 12-20 μm long, 0.9-1.2 × BD III. Longest hairs on hind femur 18-35 μm long. R IV+V 1.8-2.6 × SIPH. SIPH 4-6 × longer than longest hair on ANT III

…..Protaphis echinopis

- Hairs on ANT III 5-11 μm long, 0.4-0.8 × BD III. Longest hairs on hind femur 12-15 μm long. R IV+V 1.16-1.75 × SIPH. SIPH 8-16 × longer than longest hair on ANT III

…..Protaphis terricola or echinopsicola

5 Dorsal abdomen without dark markings. SIPH pale, smooth, abot 1.1-1.3 × cauda

…..Brachycaudus helichrysi

- Dorsal abdomen with a solid dark shield. SIPH dark, imbricated, 2.1-3.4 × cauda

…..Brachycaudus cardui (incl. ssp. turanica)

6 SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation (at least 3-4 rows of closed cells)

…..7

- SIPH without polygonal reticulation …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

7 Conspicuous dark, crescent-shaped antesiphuncular sclerites present. SIPH long and thin , somewhat flared apically, with polygonal cells relatively large and few in number

…..8

- Antesiphuncular sclerites absent. SIPH thicker, not flared apically, with polygonal cells small and very numerous …..17

8 Hairs on ANT III only 0.2-0.3 × BD III. ANT I 0.30-0.35 × width of head across (and including) eyes …..Paczoskia brevipilosa

- Hairs on ANT III 0.5 or more × BD III. ANT I 0.35-0.53 × head width across eyes

…..9

9 First tarsal segments always with 3 hairs. R IV+V with 6-9 (mostly 6-7) accessory hairs

…..10

- First tarsal segments with 4-6 hairs (exceptionally 3 hairs on one or more tarsi). R IV+V with 8-28 accessory hairs …..14

10 R IV+V 0.35-0.39 × head width, and 1.35-c.1.5 × HT II …..11

- R IV+V 0.41-0.51 (rarely less than 0.44) × head width, and 1.6-2.0 × HT II …..12

11 Reticulation of SIPH consisting of 20-25 transverse rows of closed cells covering distal 0.35-0.4 of its length. ANT BASE VI 0.27-0.29 × head width. SIPH 1.3-1.4 × cauda

…..Paczoskia wagneri

- Reticulation of SIPH consisting of 3-4 transverse rows of rather indistinct cells occupying less than 0.1 of length. ANT BASE VI 0.37-0.45 × head width. SIPH 1.7-1.9 × cauda

…..Paczoskia longipes

12 ANT BASE VI and ANT I are respectively 0.35-0.41 and 0.43-0.46 × head width. ABD TERG 3 with 9-15 hairs. ANT with base of IV (as well as III) paler

…..Paczoskia paczoskii ssp. ruthenica

- ANT BASE VI and ANT I are respectively 0.25-0.35 and 0.35-0.43 × head width or, if longer, then ABD TERG 3 has 15-24 hairs, or ANT III-VI are uniformly dark pigmented except for base of III …..13

13 ANT III-VI uniformly dark pigmented, except for pale/dusky base of III. ABD TERG 3 with 11-17 hairs (rarely more than 15) …..Paczoskia paczoskii s. str.

- ANT III and basal half of IV pale or dusky. clearly paler than apex of IV and V-VI. ABD TERG 3 wirh 15-24 hairs (rarely less than 17)

…..Paczoskia paczoskii ssp. turanica

14 ANT PT/BASE 5.8-7.3. First tarsal segments mostly with 4 hairs (more rarely 3 or 5). R IV+V with 8-12 accessory hairs …..Paczoskia colchica

- ANT PT/BASE 3.9-5.6. First tarsal segments usually with 5-6 hairs (rarely one or more tarsi with 4). R IV+V with 11-28 accessory hairs …..15

15 ANT VI BASE 0.24-0.30 × head width …..Paczoskia meridionalis

- ANT VI BASE 0.31-0.44 × head width …..16

16 R IV+V 0.48-0.57 × head width, with 16-22 accessory hairs. Hind femur 2.35-2.60 × head width …..Paczoskia major s. str.

- R IV+V 0.39-0.49 × head width, with 11-15 accessory hairs. Hind femur 1.95-2.35 × head width …...Paczoskia major ssp. bulgarica

17 R IV+V 1.1-1.2 × HT II …..Uroleucon echinatum

- R IV+V long and slender, 1.7-2.3 × HT II .....18

18 Cauda pale. ANT tubercles well developed, median frontal tubercle undeveloped. SIPH with reticulation on distal 0.14-0.17 of length …..Uroleucon budhium

- Cauda dark. ANT tubercles low, median tubercle developed. SIPH with reticulation on distal 0.33-0.45 of length .....Turanoleucon jashenkoi

Echinopsilon see Bassia Amaranthaceae

Echinopsis Cactaceae

Echinopsis chiloensis Aphis danielae

Echinospartum Fabaceae

Echinospartium barnadesii = E. lusitanicum ssp. barnadesii

E. horridum Aphis craccivora

E. lusitanicum (incl. sspp. Acyrthosiphum echinospartii, pisum; Aphis cytisorum

barnadesii, dorsisericeum)

Key to apterae on Echinospartum:-

1 Oval aphid with ANT tubercles weakly developed, and ANT 0.5-0.8 × BL. Dorsum with extensive dark sclerotisation. SIPH and cauda dark …..2

- Broadly spindle-shaped aphid with ANT tubercles very well developed, and ANT 0.9-1.6 × BL. Dorsum membranous. SIPH and cauda pale or dusky …..3

2 R IV+V 0.88-1.16 × HT II (mostly 0.9-1.05 ×). Anterior half of genital plate with 2 (-3) hairs …..Aphis craccivora

- R IV+V 0.97-1.3 × HT II (mostly 1.06-1.2 ×). Anterior half of genital plate with 2-8 hairs (mode 4, mean 5.2) …..Aphis cytisorum

3 ANT I with 9-23 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 3.0-4.8. Cauda with 8-14 hairs

…..Acyrthosiphon pisum

- ANT I with 5-8 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 2.3-2.72. Cauda with 5-8 hairs (the distal ones being very short and blunt) …..Acyrthosiphon echinospartii

Echinospermum see Lappula Boraginaceae

Echites Apocynaceae

Echites agglutinatus Aphis spiraecola

E. arguta (?) Brachycaudus helichrysi

E. rubrovenosus Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

E. umbellatus Aphis spiraecola

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Echium Boraginaceae

Echium amoenum Aphis fabae

E. angustifolium Brachycaudus helichrysi; Myzus persicae

E. auberianum Brachycaudus helichrysi

E. bifrons Brachycaudus cardui

E. candicans Brachycaudus cardui

E. decaisnei Aphis gossypii

E. giganteum Myzus persicae

E. hierrense Brachycaudus cardui

E. italicum Brachycaudus cardui, mordvilkoi;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae

E. judaeum Myzus persicae

E. lycopsis = E. plantagineum

E. maculatum Brachycaudus cardui

E. nervosum Brachycaudus bicolor; Myzus ornatus, persicae

E. plantagineum Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Brachycaudus helichrysi

E. rubrum Brachycaudus ?cardui (Bozhko 1976a, as B. symphyti

Schrank)

E. vulgare Aphis fabae, solanella, symphyti; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus bicolor, cardui, helichrysi, mordvilkoi;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae;

Ovatomyzus boraginacearum; [Uroleucon jaceae]

E. wildpretii Aphis gossypii; Brachycaudus helichrysi

Echium sp. Nasonovia ribisnigri

Key to apterae on Echium:-

1 Cauda semi-circular or helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view. Spiracular apertures rounded …..2

- Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, clearly longer than its basal width …..5

2 Dorsum without any dark markings. SIPH 0.9-1.5 × cauda. Mesosternum without mammariform processes …..Brachycaudus helichrysi

- Dorsum with a dark shield or extensive dark markings. SIPH 2.1-3.4 × cauda. Mesosternum with a pair of dark mammariform processes …..3

3 Broad, flat, pale marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 1-7, larger than the spiracles and occupying almost the whole of the sclerites on which they are placed. ABD TERG 7 often, and 6-8 sometimes, with spinal tubercles (STu) .....Brachycaudus bicolor

- MTu irregularly present on ABD TERG 2-4, sometimes also on 1 and/or 5, but never on 6 and 7, and generally smaller than the spiracles. No STu …..4

4 Longest hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 60-110 μm long. Genital plate with 25-42 hairs, of which 8-17 are on the anterior half. ANT III usually without rhinaria. (Al. with 21-35 rhinaria on ANT III and usually without, rarely with 1-2, on IV) …..Brachycaudus cardui

- Longest hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 10-16 μm long. Genital plate with 16-23 hairs of which 2-5 are on anterior half. ANT III usually with 1-12 rhinaria. (Al. with 12-16 rhinaria on ANT III, and 2-3 on IV …..Brachycaudus mordvilkoi

5 ANT tubercles weakly developed. SIPH uniformly dark. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu

…..6

- ANT tubercles well developed. SIPH mainly pale. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu …..8

6 Cauda black with 11-27 hairs. Dorsal abdomen usually with transverse dark bands on ABD TERG 7 and 8, and often with dark markings on more anterior tergites

…..Aphis fabae (or A. solanella; see couplet 35 of polyphagous aphids key)

- Cauda paler than SIPH, with 4-11 hairs. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings, or with only narrow bands on ABD TERG (7) – 8 …..7

7 Total length of rostrum (measured from base of protractor apodeme) 0.43-0.60 mm, 0.27-0.36 × BL. (Al. with 1-4 rhinaria on ANT IV) …..Aphis symphyti

- Total length of rostrum 0.34-0.49 mm, 0.22-0.28 × BL. (Al. usually with 0, rarely with 1-2, rhinaria on ANT IV) …..Aphis gossypii

8 ANT III with 3-36 rhinaria on swollen basal part. ANT PT/BASE 7.0-11.4. SIPH cylindrical, almost smooth. Thoracic spiracles much larger than abdominal spiracles

…..Nasonovia ribisnigri

- ANT III with 0-10 rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 1.75-6.2. SIPH cylindrical or slightly clavate, imbricated. Thoracic spiracles similar in size to abdominal ones …..9

9 Cauda rather short, tongue-shaped with a slight basal constriction. ANT II with a large dorsal tubercle. ANT III broad-based, without any secondary rhinaria

.....Ovatomyzus boraginacearum

- Without that combination of characters

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 4

Eclipta Asteraceae

Eclipta alba = E. prostrata

E erecta = E. prostrata

E. prostrata Aphis fabae, gossypii; Uroleucon ambrosiae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Eclypta see Eclipta Asteraceae

Edgeworthia Thymelaeaceae

Edgeworthia “grandii” Neomyzus circumflexus; Rhopalosiphum padi

(gardneri?)

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Edraianthus Campanulaceae

Edraianthus croaticus = E. graminifolius

E. graminifolius Aulacorthum solani;

Uroleucon ?minosmartelli (Serbia: O Petrović,

pers. comm.)

E. jugoslavicus = E. graminifolius

E. kitaibelii = E. graminifolius

E. serpyllifolius Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Key to apterae on Edraianthus:-

- SIPH and cauda black, SIPH 1.5-1.8 × cauda and with polygonal reticulation on distal

0.30-0.46 of length. Head smooth, and ANT III with 15 or more rhinaria extending over more than 0.5 of length …..Uroleucon ?minosmartelli

- SIPH and cauda pale, SIPH 1.8-2.6 × cauda and without polygonal reticulation. Head spiculose, and ANT III with 1-3 small rhinaria near base …..Aulacorthum solani

Egletes Asteraceae

Egletes viscosa Uroleucon ambrosiae

Ehretia (including Carmona) Boraginaceae

E. acuminata Rhopalosiphoninus ehretis

E. buxifolia = E. microphylla

E. hottentotica = E. rigida

E. microphylla Aphis aurantii, gossypii

E. rigida Aulacorthum solani

Key to aphids on Ehretia:-

- SIPH thick and strongly clavate, with narrower distal section spinulose. Dorsal body and appendages with numerous long hairs ......Rhopalosiphoninus ehretis

- Without that combination of characters .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Ehrharta Poaceae

Ehrharta calycina Rhopalosiphum maidis; Schizaphis graminum;

Smynthurodes betae

E. erecta Rhopalosiphum padi; Sitobion miscanthi

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Eichhornia Pontederiaceae

Eichhornia crassipes Neomyzus circumflexus; Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

Couplet for separating apterae of these two species:-

- Head smooth with weakly developed ANT tubercles. SIPH clavate, with a smooth constricted region proximal to the flange. Dorsal cuticle ornamented with spinules arranged in polygons, without dark markings …..Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae