HOST LISTS and KEYS

- R IV+V similar in length to the black, bluntly triangular cauda. Dorsum with extensive dark sclerotic areas. ANT III and IV, or III-V, with secondary rhinaria. Longest hairs on ANT III 1.0-1.5 × BD III …..Protaphis knowltoni

- Without that combination of characters .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Dalbergia Fabaceae

No aphids are recorded from commercially important rosewoods such as D. nigra and D. stevensonii.

Dalbergia candenatensis Anomalosiphum tiomanense

D. ferruginea = D. stipulacea

D. hancei Tinocallis (Orientinocallis) dalbergicola

D. hupeana Anomalosiphum scleroticum; Chuansicallis chengtuensis;
Quednaucallis nigropunctata; Uroleucon compositae

D. millettii Anomalosiphum takahashii

D. sissoo Acyrthosiphon pisum;

Aphis aurantii, craccivora, spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani; [Greenidea sp.];

[Lachnus similis]; Myzus persicae

D. stipulacea Anomalosiphum philippinense

D. torta = D. candenatensis

Key to aphids on Dalbergia:-

1 SIPH with a subapical ring of hairs. Aptera (where known) with long thin hair-bearing processes on ABD TERG 7 and 8, and alata with processes at least on ABD TERG 8 .....2

- SIPH without hairs. ABD TERG 7 and 8 with or without processes .....5

2 Apterae and/or alatae with R IV+V 1.20-1.44 × HT II …..3

- Alatae (the only morph known in the case of A. scleroticum), but probably applicable also to apterae) with R IV+V 1.05-1.15 × HT II …..4

3 Apterae with paired processes on ABD TERG 7 (not including apical hairs) c.0.9 × as long as those on ABD TERG 8. Frontal hairs c.34 μm long. Dorsal hairs of embryos c.15 μm long

…..Anomalosiphum philippinense

- Apterae with paired processes on ABD TERG 7 0.6-0.78 × as long as those on ABD TERG 8. Frontal hairs not more than c.23 μm long. Dorsal hairs of embryos only 4-6 μm long

…..Anomalosiphum takahasii*

4 Alata with ANT V lacking secondary rhinaria. ABD TERG 7 with a pair of short conical marginal processes bearing long hairs, these processes about one third of length of the paired spinal processes on ABD TERG 8, which are about 57 μm long. Sclerite on ABD TERG 7 encompassing bases of marginal processes and joined anteriorly across ABD TERG 7 to the central brown patch on ABD TERG 3-5 …..Anomalosiphum scleroticum

- Alatae with 1-3 secondary rhinaria on ANT V. ABD TERG 7 without paired processes or long hairs, and spinal processes on ABD TERG 8 are 28-32 μm long. Sclerite on ABD TERG 7 separate from the central brown patch on ABD TERG 3-5

…..Anomalosiphon tiomanense

5 All adult viviparae alate. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed. SIPH as small truncate cones. ANT PT/BASE less than 2 .....6

- Adult viviparae apterous and alate. Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, anal plate entire. SIPH tubular. ANT PT/BASE more than 2 .....8

6 ABD TERG 2 with a pair of very large black finger-like spinal processes united at base by a large sclerotic cross-bar that extends laterally into pleural regions, and ABD TERG 1 with a pair of similar but smaller processes. ANT PT/BASE c.1.7

.....Tinocallis (Orientinocallis) dalbergicola

- ABD TERG 1 and 2 with or without small pale spinal processes. ANT PT/BASE slightly less than 1 .....7

7 ABD TERG 1 and 2, and 7 and 8, bearing small pale conical spinal processes, with traces of such processes also on ABD TERG 3-6. Forewing veins pale. Legs mainly pale. Secondary rhinaria on thickened dark basal two-thirds of ANT III ..... Quednaucallis nigropunctata

- Abdominal spinal processes not developed; ABD TERG 1 and 2 with dusky slightly raised spinal sclerites with wax pores. Forewing veins narrowly dark-bordered. Legs mainly dark. Rhinaria distributed along entire length of wholly dark ANT III

.....Chuansicallis chengtuensis

8 SIPH pale except at tips, tapering from a broad base, thin on distal part, without any subapical reticulation. Antennal tubercles well developed, smooth, with inner faces divergent in dorsal view. Cauda long and pale .....Acyrthosiphon pisum

- Without that combination of characters .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Dalea Fabaceae

Dalea carthagenensis Aphis craccivora

D. dominguensis = D. carthagenensis

Damnacanthus Rubiaceae

Damnacanthus indicus Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii, citricidus;

[Cinara paxilla, subapicula (presumed vagrants from

Pinus)];

Myzus persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Danae Asparagaceae

Danae racemosa Myzus persicae

Danhatchia Orchidaceae

Danhatchia australis Aulacorthum sp. (New Zealand, BMNH collection,

leg. R. Sunde)

Danthonia Poaceae

Danthonia carphoides = Rytidosperma carphoides

D. decumbens Anoecia furcata; Forda formicaria; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Sitobion avenae

D. spicata Geoica utricularia; Prociphilus erigeronensis

Danthonia spp. Geoica lucifuga; Schizaphis graminum; Sipha flava

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Daphne (including Eriosolena) Thymelaeaceae

Daphne alpina Acyrthosiphon daphnidis

D. ×burkwoodii Macrosiphum daphnidis

(incl. var. “Somerset”)

D. cannabina = D. papyracea

D. cneorum (var. eximia) Macrosiphum daphnidis, euphorbiae

D. gnidium Acyrthosiphon daphnidis, [Acyrthosiphon sp. (Lampel 2001)];

[Siphonophora gnidii Lichtenstein 1884 – nomen dubium]

D. indica Macrosiphum daphnidis, euphorbiae

D. involucrata Aphis nasturtii

D. laureola Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum daphnidis, euphorbiae

D. ×mantensiana Macrosiphum daphnidis

D. mezereum Macrosiphum daphnidis, euphorbiae

D. odora Acyrthosiphon argus; Myzus persicae;

Pseudomegoura magnoliae

D. papyracea Aphis craccivora

D. striata Macrosiphum daphinidis

D. tangutica Myzus persicae

Daphne spp. [Aphis kurosawai], [Aphis (Pergandeida) spp. (BMNH

collection; China, Kashmir)]

Key to apterae on Daphne:-

1 SIPH with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.1-0.2 of length …..2

- SIPH without a distal zone of polygonal reticulation …..3

2 Longest hair on ABD TERG 3 is 43-71 μm, and on vertex 61-92 μm. Cauda with 10-19 hairs

…..Macrosiphum daphinidis

- Longest hair on ABD TERG 3 is 21-37 μm, and on vertex 28-48 μm. Cauda with 8-13 hairs

…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

3 ANT tubercles well developed, with smooth, divergent inner faces. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu). ANT III with 1-47 rhinaria …..4

- Either ANT tubercles well developed, but with inner faces scabrous or spiculose and parallel or apically convergent, or ANT tubercles weakly developed, and ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu. ANT III with 0-2 (-4) rhinaria ……go to key to polyphagous aphids

(but note that specimens running to Aphis craccivora may be one of the undescribed Aphis (Pergandeida) species collected on Daphne in China and Kashmir)

4 ANT III (of apt.) with 25-47 secondary rhinaria extending over most of its length. ANT PT/BASE 5.3-7.1. R IV+V 0.67-0.80 × HT II. (Al. with 43-55 secondary rhinaria on ANT III)

…..Acyrthosiphon argus

- ANT III with 1-5 rhinaria near base. ANT PT/BASE 3.3-4.4. R IV+V 0.8-0.9 × HT II. (Al. with 13-17 secondary rhinaria on ANT III) …..Acyrthosiphon daphnidis

Darlingtonia Sarraceniaceae

Darlingtonia californica Macrosiphum sp. near jeanae (California, BMNH

collection, leg. D.W. Nielsen)

Dasiophora see Potentilla Rosaceae

Dasypyrum Poaceae

Dasypyrum villosum Sitobion avenae

Datura Solanaceae

D. aegyptiaca = D. metel

D. alba = D. metel

D. arborea = Brugmansia arborea

D. ×candida = Brugmansia ×candida

D. fastuosa = D. metel

D. ferox Myzus persicae

D. innoxia Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae

D. metel Aphis fabae, gossypii, odinae, solanella;

Brachycaudus [cardui], helichrysi;

[Hyperomyzus carduellinus]; Myzus ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

D. meteloides = D. innoxia

D. sanguinea = Brugmansia sanguinea

D. stramonium Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, nasturtii, solanella;

Aulacorthum solani; [Brachycaudus cardui];

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus, persicae;

[Nasonovia ribisnigri]; Neomyzus circumflexus;

Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae;

Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

D. suaveolens = Brugmansia suaveolens

D. tatula = D. stramonium

Datura spp. [Acyrthosiphon daturae Rusanova 1942 (nomen nudum)];

Aphis spiraecola; [Hyalopterus pruni];

[Uroleucon orientale]

Key to apterae on Datura:-

- ANT 5-segmented, bearing long hairs up to 4-5 × BD III. ANT PT/BASE 4.5-5.9, with PT usually curved …..Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

- ANT usually 6-segmented, if 5-segmented then bearing much shorter hairs and with ANT PT/BASE less than 4 …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Daubentonia see Sesbania Fabaceae

Daucus Apiaceae

Daucus carota (incl. maximus, Aphis asclepiadis, craccivora, fabae, gossypii, lambersi,

sativus) spiraecola, [umbelliferarum];

Aulacorthum solani;

Cavariella aegopodii, aspidaphoides, pastinacae,

[theobaldi];

Dysaphis [affinis], apiifolia, crataegi, foeniculus,

[malidauci], [tulipae];

Hyadaphis coriandri, [foeniculi], passerinii;

[Macrosiphum euphorbiae, stellariae];

Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae;

Pemphigus [gairi], [passeki], phenax, [populinigrae];

Protaphis middletonii; Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon;

[Rhopalosiphum maidis];

Semiaphis [anthrisci], dauci, heraclei

D. muricatus Dysaphis apiifolia (?); Semiaphis dauci

D. pusillus Aphis fabae; Hyadaphis foeniculi

Key to apterae on Daucus:-

(For an illustrated key to common aphids on D. carota see Blackman & Eastop, 2000.)

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH absent .....Pemphigus phenax

- ANT PT/BASE more than 0.6. SIPH present .....2

2 ABD TERG 8 with a posteriorly projecting process above cauda …..3

- Supracaudal process absent .....5

3 Supracaudal process very large, cowl-like, completely covering cauda in dorsal view

…..Cavariella aspidaphoides

- Supracaudal process smaller, conical or finger-like, not covering cauda in dorsal view

…..4

4 ANT PT/BASE 0.64-1.25. Supracaudal process 0.75-1.05 × cauda

…..Cavariella aegopodii

- ANT PT/BASE 3.0-4.0. Supracaudal process 0.15-0.33 × cauda …..Cavariella pastinacae

5 SIPH very small and flangeless, only about 0.5 × cauda or less, with their apertures slanted towards mid-line .....6

- SIPH at least 0.67 × cauda .....7

6 Hairs very short; posterior hair on hind trochanter rarely exceeding 20μm, less than 0.5 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture .....Semiaphis dauci

- Posterior hair on hind femur up to 60 μm long, more than 0.5 × diameter of the trochantro-femoral suture .....Semiaphis heraclei

7 Head spiculose. ANT tubercles well developed, their inner faces convergent or parallel-sided in dorsal view .....8

- Head not spiculose. ANT tubercles weakly developed .....11

8 SIPH black and very strongly clavate .....Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon

- SIPH tapering or slightly clavate .....9

9 ANT tubercles with inner faces approximately parallel in dorsal view. ANT III with 1-3 rhinaria near base. Siphunculi tapering and straight .....Aulacorthum solani

- Inner faces of ANT tubercles convergent in dorsal view. ANT III without any rhinaria.

Siphunculi slightly clavate, or tapering with a slight S-curve .....10

10 SIPH slightly clavate. No dorsal abdominal pigmentation. ANT PT/BASE 2.8-4.5

.....Myzus persicae

- SIPH tapering, with a slight S-curve. Dorsal abdomen with an intersegmental pattern of dark ornamentation. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.8 .....Myzus ornatus

11 Cauda helmet-shaped in dorsal view, a little shorter than its basal width, with an angular apex. Spinal tubercles (STu) usually present, at least on head and ABD TERG 8 .....12

- Cauda tongue-shaped, at least as long as its basal width in dorsal view, with rounded apex. STu absent …..14

12 Hairs on front of head long and pointed. SIPH 1.6-2.4 × longer than their basal widths

.....Dysaphis foeniculus

- Hairs on front of head short and blunt. SIPH 2.5-3.5 × longer than their basal widths

.....13

13 Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.24-0.56 (rarely more than 0.5) × length of trochantro-femoral suture. Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 11-38 μm, rarely longer than 30 μm. ABD TERG 7 often with a pair of marginal tubercles (MTu) …..Dysaphis apiifolia

- Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.42-1.00 (rarely less than 0.5) × length of trochantro-femoral suture. Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 25-80 μm, rarely shorter than 30 μm. ABD TERG 7 rarely with MTu …..Dysaphis crataegi

14 SIPH shorter than or of similar length to cauda, if a little longer then clavate .....15

- SIPH tapering, usually longer than cauda .....16

15 SIPH 0.88-1.20 × cauda, 1.7-3.1 × R IV+V and 3.1-5.1 × longer than their minimum diameter on basal half …..Hyadaphis passerinii

- SIPH 0.6-0.82 × cauda, 0.9-1.6 × R IV+V and 1.6-2.7 × their smallest diameter on basal half

…..Hyadaphis coriandri

16 Appendages short, SIPH less than 0.1 × BL, shorter than R IV+V. ANT PT 1.0-1.5 × R IV+V. ANT III often with 1-12 rhinaria .....Protaphis middletonii

- Appendages longer, SIPH usually 0.1-0.25 × BL and longer than R IV+V. ANT PT 1.7-3.2 × R IV+V. ANT III without rhinaria (except in alatiform or parasitized specimens) .....17

17 Large marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 2-5 as well as 1 and 7. Longest femoral hairs only about half as long as trochantro-femoral suture .....Aphis lambersi

- MTu usually only on ABD TERG 1 and 7; if any are present on ABD TERG 2-5 then the

femoral hairs are as long as the trochantro-femoral suture or longer

.....polyphagous Aphis spp.; go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24

Davallia Davalliaceae

Davallia bullata Idiopterus nephrelepidis

D. canariensis Idiopterus nephrelepidis

D. chaerophylloides = D. denticulata

D. denticulata Burundiaphis autriquei;

Micromyzella davalliae, pterisoides

D. platyphylla = Microlepia platyphylla

D. solida = D. subsolida

D. subsolida Macrosiphum walkeri

Key to apterae on Davallia:-

1 SIPH black on basal 0.25-0.33, contrasting with total lack of pigmentation distally (Fig.43i)

….. Idiopterus nephrelepidis

- SIPH pale or more uniformly pigmented …..2

2 SIPH pale, with subapical polygonal reticulation (at least 3-4 rows of closed cells)

…..Macrosiphum walkeri

- SIPH dark, without subapical polygonal reticulation …..3

3 Head, ANT I and ANT II without nodules or spinules. ANT III a little shorter than IV, with 2-5 rhinaria on distal part. ABD TERG 1-5 membranous …..Burundiaphis autriquei

- Head, ANT I and ANT II nodulose or spinulose. ANT III longer than IV, without any rhinaria. ABD TERG 1-5 extensively sclerotised …..4

4 ANT III much paler than II. Cauda pale or dusky …..Micromyzella pterisoides

- ANT III as dark as II. Cauda dark …..Micromyzella davalliae

(or try key to fern-feeding aphids under Polypodium)

Daviesia Fabaceae

Daviesia divaricata Meringosiphon paradisicum (?)

Davilla Dilleniaceae

Davilla rugosa Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Debregeasia Urticaceae

Debregeasia longifolia Neomyzus circumflexus; Myzus debregeasiae, persicae

Debregeasia sp. Aphis fabae, [paraverbasci]

Use key to apterae on Wendlandia.

Decaspermum Myrtaceae

Decaspermum fruticosum Greenidea decaspermi; Taiwanaphis decaspermi

Couplet for separating these two species:-

- Siphunculi tubular, with numerous long hairs. Cauda rounded, with a median papilla

.....Greenidea decaspermi

- Siphunculi as very short hairless cones. Cauda knobbed ..... Taiwanaphis decaspermi

Decodon Lythraceae

Decodon verticillatus Myzus lythri

Deinandra see Hemizonia Asteraceae

Delphinium Ranunculaceae

Delphinium ajacis = Consolida ajacis

D. barbatum Aphis craccivora

D. ×barlowii Delphiniobium junackianum

D. brachycentrum

ssp. maydellianum Nasonovia wahinkae ssp. robinsoni

D. confusum Brachycaudus aconiti; Nasonovia salebrosa

D. consolida = Consolida regalis

D. ×cultorum Brachycaudus aconiti

D. cuneatum Brachycaudus aconiti

D. denudatum Nasonovia jammuensis

D. dictyocarpum Brachycaudus aconiti

D. elatum Brachycaudus aconiti, napelli;

Delphiniobium hanla, junackianum;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Nasonovia heiei, salebrosa

D. grandiflorum [Acyrthosiphon dauricum]

D. iliense [Nasonovia alativica]

D. maackianum Aphis craccivora; Delphiniobium hanla

D. occidentale Brachycaudus rociadae;

Nasonovia wahinkae, wahinkae ssp. robinsoni

D. rotundifolium Brachycaudus aconiti

D. sapellonis Brachycaudus rociadae

D. tricorne Brachycaudus rociadae; Delphiniobium junackianum

D. trolliifolium Delphiniobium junackianum

D. vestitum Nasonovia jammuensis

Delphinium spp. Aphis fabae, gossypii; Macrosiphum minatii;

Myzus persicae

Key to apterae on Delphinium:-

1 Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width. Dorsum usually with an extensive dark sclerotic shield (e.g. Fig.6c) .....2

- Cauda tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width. Dorsum usually without a dark shield

.....4

2 ANT III usually without rhinaria, and with longest hairs shorter than BD III (Fig.6a)

…..Brachycaudus rociadae

- ANT III usually with rhinaria, and with longest hairs as long as or longer than BD III (e.g. Fig.6b) …..3

3 SIPH 0.31-0.55 × ANT III. ANT VI BASE 0.5-0.7 × HT II. R IV+V 0.9-1.2 × HT II

.....Brachycaudus napelli

- SIPH 0.57-1.0 × ANT III. ANT VI BASE 0.8-1.1 × HT II. R IV+V 1.2-1.6 × HT II

..…Brachycaudus aconiti

4 SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of complete, closed cells) …..5

- SIPH without polygonal reticulation …..8

5 ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria, which are not protruberant. SIPH pale. Cauda pale

…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- ANT III with 12-65 protruberant rhinaria. SIPH wholly dark or pale basally and dark over at least distal 0.3. Cauda pale or dark …..6

6 SIPH cylindrical, wholly dark. Longest hair on ANT III 1.07-1.72 × BD III, and longest hair on ABD TERG 3 about 2.4-3.0 × BD III. First tarsal segments with 4-4-4 hairs

…..Macrosiphum minatii*

- SIPH usually somewhat swollen in middle, and pale basally (e.g. Fig.6i). Longest hairs on ANT III and ABD TERG 3 about 0.9-1.0 × BD III. First tarsal segment with 3-3-3 hairs

…..7

7 SIPH 1.1-1.3 × cauda and 0.15-0.19 × BL, and mainly dark except at their bases. Cauda with 6-18 hairs .....Delphiniobium junackianum

- SIPH 1.3-1.55 × cauda and 0.20-0.25 × BL, and dark on 0.5-0.75. Cauda with 6-8 (usually 6) hairs ......Delphiniobium hanla

8 ANT III without rhinaria, or if present they are not strongly protruberant. Spiracular apertures on thorax similar in size to those on abdomen

.….go to key to polyphagous aphids

- ANT III with 6 or more strongly protruberant rhinaria (e.g. Fig.6d). Spiracular apertures on thorax larger than those on abdomen (Fig.6e) …..9

9 Dorsal abdomen with raised, pigmented hair-bearing sclerites. SIPH 0.8-1.3 × cauda

…..10

- Dorsal abdomen without raised, hair-bearing sclerites; either wholly pale or with extensive sclerotisation. SIPH 2.2-3.4 × cauda …..13

10 Spinal sclerites on ABD TERG 1-5 each usually with a single hair (Fig.6f). R IV+V with 8-12 accessory hairs ……Nasonovia wahinkae

- Spinal sclerites on ABD TERG 1-5 mostly with 2 hairs (as in Fig.6g). R IV+V bearing

13-c.20 accessory hairs …..11

11 ANT III with 14-57 rhinaria, usually scattered over most of length of segment, and 6-10 on ANT IV …..Nasonovia wahinkae ssp. robinsoni

- ANT III with 6-17 rhinaria, on basal part, and 0 on IV …..12

12 SIPH shorter than cauda, which bears 9-10 hairs …..Nasonovia salebrosa*

- SIPH longer than cauda, which bears 7-8 hairs …..Nasonovia alatavica*

13 Dorsum extensively sclerotised and pigmented. Longest hair on ANT III only c. 0.5 × BD III or less. R IV+V 0.9-1.0 × HT II, with 18-20 accessory hairs. SIPH 2.5-3.4 × cauda, which is helmet-shaped, hardly longer than its basal width …..Nasonovia heiei*

- Dorsum membranous. Longest hair on ANT III is 0.7-1.0 × BD III. R IV+V 1.05-1.15 × HT II, with 8-10 accessory hairs. SIPH 2.2-2.4 × cauda., which is finger-like, much longer than its basal width …..Nasonovia jammuensis*

Dendranthema Asteraceae

Dendranthema arcticum = Arctanthemum arcticum

D. indicum = Chrysanthemum indicum

D. japonense = D. occidentali-japonense

D. lavandulifolium Macrosiphoniella sanborni

D. morifolium = Chrysanthemum morifolium

D. occidentali-japonense Macrosiphoniella sanborni

D. ornatum Macrosiphoniella sanborni

D. sinense = Chrysanthemum morifolium

D. yezoense = D. zawadskii

D. zawadskii [Aleurodaphis blumeae]; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Macrosiphoniella absinthii, sanborni

Dendranthema spp. Macrosiphoniella yomogifoliae;

[Myzus pileae, siegesbeckicola (exules of a

Tuberocephalus?)];

Uroleucon formosanum

See under Chrysanthemum for a key to apterae on both Chrysanthemum and Dendranthema.

Dendriopterium see Sanguisorba Rosaceae

Dendrobium Orchidaceae

Dendrobium aemulum Sitobion luteum

D. bigibbum Sitobion luteum

D. chrysotoxum Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

D. densiflorum Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus; Sitobion luteum

D. gracilicaule Cerataphis orchidearum

D. heterocarpum Sitobion luteum

D. jonesii Sitobion luteum

D. kingianum Cerataphis orchidearum; Sitobion indicum, luteum

D. longicornu Myzus ornatus; Sitobion luteum

D. moschatum Sitobion luteum

D. mutabile Sitobion luteum, orchidacearum

D. phalaenopsis = D. bigibbum

D. stratiotes Myzus persicae

D. sulphureum ?Micromyzus sp. (New Guinea; BMNH collection, leg. J.

Keesing)

Dendrobium sp. Neomyzus dendrobii

Use key to apterae of orchid-feeding aphids under Cymbidium.

Dendrocalamus Poaceae

Dendrocalamus giganteus Astegopteryx bambusae; Pseudoregma bambucicola

D. latiflorus Astegopteryx bambusae, formosana;

Ceratoglyphina bambusae; Chucallis bambusicola;

Glyphinaphis bambusae; Pseudoregma alexanderi

D. pulverulentus Pseudoregma bambucicola

D. strictus Pseudoregma alexanderi

Dendrocalamus spp. Astegopteryx minuta, singaporensis;

Pseudoregma [albostriata], baenzigeri, carolinensis,

[dendrocalami];

[Schizaphis graminum]; [Takecallis arundinariae]

Use key to apterae on bamboos under Bambusa.

Dendropanax (including Gilibertia) Araliaceae

Dendropanax arboreus Cavariella araliae

D. dentiger Cavariella gilibertiae

D. trifidus [Aphis sp. (BMNH collection, Java)];

Cavariella gilibertiae

Couplet for separating the two Cavariella spp.:-

- SIPH without a distinct flange. Process on ABD TERG 8 similar in length to cauda

…..Cavariella gilibertiae

- SIPH with a distinct reflexed flange. Process on ABD TERG 8 distally attenuate, much longer than cauda …..Cavariella araliae

Dendrostellera see Diarthron Thymelaeaceae

Dendrophthoë Loranthaceae

Dendrophthoë pentandra Aphis aurantii, spiraecola; Mesothoracaphis rappardi;

Sinomegoura citricola; Tuberaphis cerina

Key to apterae on Dendrophthoë:-

1 Eyes multifaceted. SIPH tubular. Anal plate entire .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

- Eyes of only three facets (triommatidium). SIPH pore-like. Anal plate bilobed .....2

2 Head, thorax and abdominal segment I fused to form pill box-like prosoma. ANT greatly reduced, 3-segmented, 0.07-0.09 × BL …..Mesothoracaphis rappardi

- Head fused to prothorax only. ANT 5-segmented, 0.25-0.29 × BL …..Tuberaphis cerina

Dendrotrophe Santalaceae

Dendrotrophe frutescens Tuberaphis dendrotophe

Dennstaedtia Dennstaedtiaceae

Dennstaedtia adiantoides = D. bipinnata

D. appendiculata Myzus filicis

D. bipinnata Idiopterus nephrelepidis

Dentaria see Cardamine

Dentella Rubiaceae

Dentella repens Aphis gossypii

Deparia Dryopteridaceae

Deparia petersenii Macromyzus maculatus

D. pycnosora Amphorophora ampullata; Micromyzus nikkoensis

Use key to apterae on ferns under Polypodium.

Deplanchea Bignoniaceae

Deplanchea formosana Aulacorthum solani

Deschampsia Poaceae

Deschampsia ambigua = D. cespitosa

D. antarctica Rhopalosiphum padi

D. berteroana Rhopalosiphum padi; Sitobion avenae

D. cespitosa Anoecia furcata, nemoralis;

Atheroides brevicornis, doncasteri, hirtellus, serrulatus;

Baizongia pistaciae; Chaetosiphella berlesei;

Colopha graminis, ulmicola (as Tetraneura graminis);

Forda formicaria; Geoica utricularia; Laingia psammae;

Metopolophium festucae; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Sipha glyceriae, Sitobion avenae, fragariae;

Tetraneura longisetosa, ulmi

D. flexuosa Anoecia furcata, vagans;

Atheroides doncasteri, serrulatus; Baizongia pistaciae;

Chaetosiphella berlesei; Forda formicaria, marginata;

Geoica setulosa; Jacksonia papillata;

Metopolophium albidum, festucae, frisicum, tenerum;

[Myzus cerasi]; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Schizaphis sp. near graminum (Ossiannilsson 1959);

Sipha maydis; Sitobion avenae, fragariae;

Tetraneura longisetosa, ulmi

Deschampsia sp. Sitobion graminearum

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Descurainia (including Sophia Adams nec. L.) Brassicaceae

Descurainia appendiculata Myzus persicae

D. bourgaeana Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Brevicoryne brassicae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus persicae

D. filipiae (?) Lipaphis pseudobrassicae

D. incisa Aphis nasturtii

D. millefolia Brachycaudus helichrysi

D. pinnata Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae

D. sophia Acyrthosiphon gossypii, [ilka];

Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, solanella;

Brachycaudus [cardui], helichrysi; Brevicoryne brassicae;

Landisaphis davisi; Lipaphis erysimi; Myzus persicae;

[Sitobion avenae]

Descurainia spp. Protaphis middletonii; [Rhopalosiphum padi]

Key to apterae on Descurainia:-

- ABD TERG 6-8 with median rugose conical processes, each bearing a pair of short (c. 20μm) club-shaped hairs. SIPH distinctly clavate, with diameter of swollen part c.1.5 × that of stem .....Landisaphis davisi

- ABD TERG 6 and 7 without median processes, and if ABD TERG 8 has a projection then SIPH are only weakly if at all clavate .....go to key to apterae on Brassica

Desmanthus Fabaceae

Desmanthus virgatus Aphis craccivora

Desmazeria see Catapodium Poaceae

Desmazeria marina = Catapodium marinum

Desmodium (including Meibomia) Fabaceae

Desmodium adscendens Microparsus olivei, venezuelensis ssp. meridensis

D. canadense Microparsus desmodiorum, variabilis

D. canescens Microparsus desmodiorum, variabilis

D. canum = D. incanum

D. gangeticum Aphis gossypii

D. gyrans = Codariocalyx motorius

D. heterocarpon Aphis craccivora

D. heterophyllum Aphis craccivora

D. incanum Aphis spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani; Microparsus olivei

D. intortum Aphis [citricidus], craccivora, glycines;

[Brachycaudus helichrysi, rumexicolens];

Sitobion africanum

D. laburnifolum = Ohwia cordata

D. marilandicum Microparsus variabilis

D. paniculatum Microparsus desmodiorum

D. perplexum Microparsus desmodiorum, olivei

D. scorpiurus Microparsus olivei

D. sericophyllum Aphis craccivora, gossypii;

Microparsus olivei, venezuelensis ssp. meridensis

D. supinum = D. incanum

D. triflorum Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii; [Megoura lespedezae]

D. uncinatum Microparsus venezuelensis

D. viridiflorum Microparsus desmodiorum, olivei

Desmodium spp. [Capitophorus hippophaes, mitegoni];

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; [Acyrthosiphon rubi];

[Sitobion rosaeiformis]

Key to apterae on Desmodium:-

1 SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation …..2

- SIPH without any polygonal reticulation …..3

2 SIPH black. Dorsal abdomen with variably developed dark markings. Hairs on ANT III all less than 0.5 × BD III …..Sitobion africanum

- SIPH pale. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings. Hairs on ANT III 0.6-1.0 × BD III

…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

3 ANT tubercles well developed, divergent. ANT PT/BASE more than 5. ANT III with 1-2 (- 4) rhinaria. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) …..4

- ANT tubercles weakly developed. ANT PT/BASE less than 5. ANT III without rhinaria. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu …..8

4 Head densely spiculose ventrally and over inner faces of ANT tubercles. SIPH slightly swollen on distal 0.7 of length, paler at base, about 2 × the dusky/dark triangular cauda (e.g. Fig 26a,b) …..5

- Head smooth or with only a few spicules ventrally. SIPH tapering, sometimes with flared apices, usually wholly dark, similar in length to the pale cauda, which is slightly swollen on basal half and acutely pointed at apex (Fig.26e) …..6

5 Dorsal abdomen with paired dark submarginal intersegmental sclerites (Fig.26a)

…..Microparsus venezuelensis ssp. meridensis

- Dorsal abdomen without dark intersegmental sclerites

….. Microparsus venezuelensis ssp. venezuelensis

6 Tibiae and ANT III almost wholly dark …..Microparsus desmodiorum

- Tibiae with at least middle section pale, and ANT III with paler basal section …..7

7 Large black presiphuncular and postsiphuncular sclerites, joined to form broad rings around bases of SIPH (Fig.26c) …..Microparsus olivei

- Only small, dusky presiphuncular sclerites are present …..Microparsus variabilis

8 Stridulatory apparatus present, consisting of cuticular ridges on abdominal sternites 5 and 6 and a row of peg-like hairs on each hind tibia. Cauda with 10-28 hairs

….. Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

- No stridulatory apparatus. Cauda with 2-9 hairs …..9

9. Cauda as dark as SIPH ..…10

- Cauda paler than SIPH ..…11

10 Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid black shield ..…Aphis craccivora

- Dorsal abdomen without dark markings ..…Aphis spiraecola

11 Cauda 0.08-0.135 × BL (only more than 0.12 × BL in very small specimens with BL less than 1 mm), and 0.8-1.25 × ANT V; pale to dusky, without a constriction, less than 3 × longer than its width at midlength, and bearing 4-7 (usually 5-6) hairs …..Aphis gossypii

- Cauda 0.12-0.175 × BL, and 1.05-1.7 × ANT V; very pale, usually with a slight mid-way constriction, more than 3 × longer than its narrowest width at midlength, and bearing 5-10 (usually 7-9) hairs ..…Aphis glycines

Desmoncus Arecaceae

Desmoncus leptoclomus (?) Cerataphis brasiliensis

D. polyacanthos Cerataphis brasiliensis

D. pycnacanthos = D. polyacanthos

Use key to apterae on palms under Calamus.

Desmostachya Poaceae

Desmostachya bipinnata Hysteroneura setariae

(or use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria)

Deutzia Hydrangeaceae

Deutzia corymbosa [Acyrthosiphon ignotum]; Myzus persicae

D. crenata Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola, utsigicola;

[Cryptomyzus ribis]; [Hyperomyzus lactucae];

Myzus ornatus, philadelphi; Nippodysaphis deutziae;

Rhopalosiphoninus deutzifoliae

D. discolor Myzus persicae

D. gracilis Aphis craccivora, fabae, spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani;

Macromyzus woodwardiae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

[Neotoxoptera abeliae]; Pseudomegoura magnoliae;

Rhopalosiphoninus deutzifoliae, hydrangeae

D. hybrida (?) [Aphis spp. (Davletshina 1964; Leonard 1972a)]

D. ×kalmiiflora Myzus ornatus

D. ×rosea [Illinoia spiraeae]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus

D. scabra Aphis fabae; Rhopalosiphoninus deutzifoliae

D. scabra var. sieboldiana Aphis utsigicola

D. vilmorinae = D. discolor

Deutzia spp. [Aphis celastrii]; Rhopalosiphoninus celtifoliae

Key to apterae on Deutzia:-

(Apterae of Macromyzus woodwardiae, Nippodysaphis deutziae, Rhopalosiphoninus celtifoliae and Rh. deutzifoliae on Deutzia in spring are all fundatrices, all their progeny being emigrant alatae.)

1 Dorsal body hairs at apices of long tapering processes that are up to 0.54 mm long (Fig.32b). (BL c. 3.1-3.2 mm) …..Macromyzus woodwardiae*

- Dorsal body hairs not arising from long tapering processes. BL often less …..2

2 SIPH very markedly inflated, with diameter of balloon-like swollen part 2.0-4.5 × minimum diameter of basal part .....Rhopalosiphoninus deutzifoliae

- SIPH tapering, cylindrical, or moderately swollen with diameter of swollen part less than 2 × minimum diameter of basal part …..3

3 SIPH pale, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Head smooth, without spicules, and with well-developed ANT tubercles. ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria, and longest hairs

0.7-1.0 × BD III …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- SIPH pale or dark, without subapical polygonal reticulation. If ANT tubercles are well developed then at least ventral side of head is spiculose. ANT III with 0-3 rhinaria; if with any rhinaria then hairs are all shorter than 0.5 × BD III …..4

4 Head nodulose or spiculose on at least the ventral side. ANT tubercles well developed …..5

- Head smooth or somewhat wrinkled, without spicules or nodules. ANT tubercles weakly developed …..10

5 R IV+V 1.4-1.6 × HT II, and bearing 7-8 accessory hairs …..Rhopalosiphoninus celtifoliae

- R IV+V 0.9-1.3 × HT II, and bearing 2-7 accessory hairs …..6

6 SIPH strongly swollen near midlength where they are maximally c.1.5 × minimum diameter nearer base, and c.3 × width of flange; pale for most of length but dusky near tips (Fig.32c). Legs mainly pale …..Rhopalosiphoninus hydrangeae

- SIPH tapering or somewhat swollen; if swollen then either legs are mainly dark, or swelling is greatest on distal 0.7, and is no more than 1.25 × minimum diameter of basal part and little more than width of flange …..7

7 Femora dark over at least half of length (ANT and legs usually mainly dark). SIPH somewhat swollen, pale or dark …..8

- ANT and legs mainly pale. SIPH tapering or slightly swollen, pale …..9

8 SIPH wholly dark. Cauda triangular, only a little longer than its basal width. ANT III without rhinaria …..Myzus philadelphi

- SIPH pale with dark apices. Cauda tongue-shaped, about 2 × its basal width. ANT III with 1-3 small rhinaria near base …..Pseudomegoura magnoliae

9 SIPH slightly swollen, moderately imbricated. ANT PT/BASE 2.8-4.5. Dorsal abdomen without dark intersegmental markings …..Myzus persicae

- SIPH tapering, with a slight S-curve, coarsely imbricated (squamous). ANT PT/BASE

1.7-2.8. Dorsal abdomen with paired dark intersegmental markings …..Myzus ornatus

10 Cauda triangular or helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width. SIPH cylindrical over most of length or slightly swollen on distal part with a subapical constriction and a well-developed flange (Fig.32d). ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu)

…..Nippodysaphis deutziae

- Cauda longer than its basal width. SIPH tapering, without a subapical constriction. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu …..11

11 SIPH about 2 × cauda which is dark, has a midway constriction and bears c.10 hairs. Al. with secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 8-10, IV 5-6, V 0-1 …..Aphis utsigicola*

- Without this combination of characters

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24

Dianella Asphodelaceae

Dianella tasmanica Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

Dianella sp. [Rhopalosiphum padi]

Dianthus Caryophyllaceae

Dianthus alpinus Macrosiphum stellariae

D. arenarius Aphis sambuci; Myzus certus

D. armeria Aphis craccivora, fabae; Aulacorthum solani;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ascalonicus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus

D. asper = D. seguieri Myzus certus

D. barbatus Aphidura picta; Aphis sambuci; Aulacorthum solani;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, [gei], stellariae;

Myzus certus, persicae

D. brachyanthus = D. pungens ssp. brachyanthus

D. carthusianorum Aphidura pujoli; Aphis fabae; Myzus certus

D. caryophyllus Aphidura picta, pujoli; Aphis fabae, gossypii;

Aulacorthum solani;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, stellariae;

Myzus [antirrhinii], certus, dianthicola, persicae, [polaris];

Smynthurodes betae; [Wahlgreniella nervata]

D. chinensis Aphis craccivora, sambuci; [Chucallis bambusicola];

[Melanaphis bambusae];

Myzus ascalonicus, certus, persicae; Neotoxoptera oliveri

D. commutatus = D. carthusianorum ssp. latifolius

D. crinitus Aphidura picta; Aphis craccivora

D. deltoides Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ascalonicus, certus, ornatus;

Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae

D. gracilis Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ascalonicus, certus

D. graniticus Aulacorthum solani; Myzus ascalonicus

D. gratianopolitanus Myzus certus

D. hungaricus = D. plumarius ssp. praecox

D. hybridus = D. armeria

D. hyssopifolius Aphidura pujoli

D. kitaibelii = D. petraeus

D. lumnitzeri = D. plumarius ssp. lumnitzeri

D. lusitanus Aphis gossypii

D. microlepis Myzus ascalonicus

D. monspessulanus = D. hyssopifolius

D. myrtinervius Myzus cymbalariae, persicae

D. petraeus [Volutaphis sp. (Holman and Pintera 1981)]

D. plumarius (incl. sspp. [Anuraphis subterranea]; Aphis sambuci;

lumnitzeri, praecox) Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ascalonicus, certus, persicae

D. pungens (ssp. brachyanthus) Myzus cymbalariae

D. repens Aphis dianthiphaga

D. rupicola Aphidura pujoli

D. seguieri Myzus certus

D. serotinus Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus certus

D. simonkaianus [Volutaphis sp. (Romania: Holman & Pintera 1981)]

D. subacaulis Myzus cymbalariae

D. superbus [Macrosiphum chukotense]

Dianthus spp. Aphidura jimoi, pakistanensis;

Aphis [citricidus], [plantaginis], spiraecola;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; [Cranaphis formosana];

Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

Key to apterae on Dianthus:-

(See Blackman & Eastop 2000 for an illustrated key to common aphids on pinks and carnations.)

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 1. Eyes 3-faceted. SIPH absent …..Smynthurodes betae

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1. Eyes multifaceted. Tubular SIPH present …..2

2 SIPH pale with subapical polygonal reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of closed cells). ANT tubercles with inner faces smooth and divergent. ANT III with 1-13 rhinaria, and with longest hairs 0.6-1.2 × BD III …..3

- SIPH pale or dark, without polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles if well-developed then with inner faces spiculose and steep-sided (parallel or apically convergent). ANT III with

0-3 rhinaria, if with any then longest hairs less than 0.5 × BD III …..4

3 Femora usually with a dark spot or patch near apices. ABD TERG 2-3 with longest hair

26-56 μm, usually as long as or longer than ANT BD III. Subgenital plate with 2-13 hairs in addition to those on posterior margin .....Macrosiphum stellariae

- Femora pale or only slightly dusky at apices. ABD TERG 2-3 with longest hair 21-37 μm, usually shorter than ANT BD III. Subgenital plate with 2(-4) hairs on anterior part

.....Macrosiphum euphorbiae

4 Head not spiculose, with ANT tubercles undeveloped or weakly developed, or with median tubercle similarly developed, so that ANT tubercles do not project much beyond middle of front of head in dorsal view …..5

- Head spiculose, with well-developed, steep-sided ANT tubercles …..13

5 ANT 5-segmented, bearing long hairs up to 4-5 × BD III

…..Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

- ANT usually 6-segmented, with much shorter hairs …..6

6 Cauda helmet-shaped. SIPH short, pale, conical, almost smooth, with a subapical annular incision below the flange. Spiracular apertures large and rounded

…..Brachycaudus helichrysi

- Cauda triangular or tongue-shaped. SIPH pale or dark, imbricated, with or without some subapical transverse striae, but without a distinct subapical incision. Spiracular apertures reniform …..7

7 ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu). SIPH subcylindrical or slightly swollen. Anterior part of mesosternum with a pair of closely-spaced, rough-surfaced mammariform processes (sometimes inconspicuous) .....8

- ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu. SIPH tapering from base to flange, with no trace of swelling. Mesosternum without mammariform processes ......11

8 Cauda about as long as its basal width or shorter. SIPH not longer than 0.21 mm and no more than 0.6 × ANT III. Mesosternal processes small and pale, sometimes inconspicuous. Abdomen without dorsal pigmentation .....Aphidura pakistanensis

- Cauda longer than its basal width. SIPH longer than 0.26 mm and more than 0.60 × ANT III. Mesosternal processes pale or pigmented, always conspicuous. Abdomen pale or variably pigmented ......9

9 SIPH pale and 0.65-0.95 × ANT III. R IV+V 0.78-0.92 × HT II. Abdomen with little or no dorsal pigmentation .....Aphidura pujoli

- SIPH dusky to dark and 1.0-1.2 × ANT III. R IV+V 0.94-1.25 × HT II. Abdomen with a variably developed dorsal black patch, sometimes fragmented or (often in small specimens) absent .....10

10 SIPH distinctly swollen distally. Longest hairs on ANT III and ABD TERG II–IV are 6–9 μm, 0.24–0.38 × BD III .....Aphidura jimoi

- SIPH are only slightly swollen distally. Longest hairs on ANT III and ABD TERG II–IV are 8–22μm, 0.4–1.0 × BD III .....Aphidura picta

11 ABD TERG 2-4 or 2-5 as well as 1 and 7 with large flat MTu …..12

- ABD TERG 2-4 without MTu, or occasionally with small papilliform MTu

…..polyphagous Aphis spp.; go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24

12 SIPH 1.0-1.2 × cauda, which bears 6-9 hairs …..Aphis dianthiphaga*

- SIPH more than 2 × cauda, which bears more than 10 hairs …..Aphis sambuci

13 SIPH strongly swollen on distal 0.7, with maximum diameter of swelling 1.7-2.9 × minimum diameter nearer base. SIPH about as long as or longer than head width across eyes and 2.2-3.2 × cauda which bears only 5 hairs. ANT III usually with 1-4 rhinaria near base

…..Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae

- SIPH tapering, cylindrical or with slight, moderate or strong swelling distally, but if strongly swollen then SIPH are relatively shorter, and if swollen at all then ANT III is without rhinaria

…..14

14 SIPH tapering gradually from base to flange. ANT III with 1-2 small rhinaria near base

…..Aulacorthum solani

- SIPH slightly to moderately swollen distally. ANT III without rhinaria …..15

15 SIPH 0.54-0.81 × ANT III …..16

- SIPH 0.82-1.34 × ANT III …..18

16 Inner faces of ANT tubercles approximately parallel in dorsal view. "Stem" of SIPH narrow, its minimum diameter slightly less than diameter of hind tibia at its midpoint

…..Myzus ascalonicus

- Inner faces of ANT tubercles with convergent apices. "Stem" of SIPH thicker, its minimum diameter exceeding diameter of hind tibia at its midpoint …..17

17 SIPH with swollen part only lightly imbricated and with apical flange well developed. Dorsal cuticle not rugose. (Al. with dark-bordered wing veins, and with a black central dorsal abdominal patch) …..Neotoxoptera oliveri

- SIPH with swollen part scabrous (coarsely imbricated), and with apical flange only weakly developed. Dorsal cuticle very rugose. (Al. with wing veins not black-bordered, and with separate transverse bars on abdominal tergites) .....Myzus cymbalariae

18 R IV+V in most specimens with only one pair of lateral accessory hairs (plus 0-3 ventral accessory hairs). Value of function CAUDA/(ANT III × PT) in range 0.80-1.52, but rarely more than 1.25 except in small specimens (those with ANT III less than 0.32 mm)

…..Myzus persicae

- R IV+V in most specimens with two pairs of lateral accessory hairs. Value of function CAUDA/(ANT III × PT) in range 1.2-2.7 (rarely less than 1.25) …..19

19 ANT PT/BASE 2.1-3.7 (mostly less than 3.25). R IV+V 0.87-1.28 × HT II (rarely less than 0.9 × HT II), or value of function (306 × R IV+V) minus (127 × HT II) is more than 17

…..Myzus certus

- ANT PT/BASE 2.5-4.0 (mostly more than 3.25). R IV+V 0.78-0.98 × HT II (rarely more than 0.9 × HT II), or value of function (306 × R IV+V) minus (127 × HT II) is less than 17

…..Myzus dianthicola

Diarrhena Poaceae

Diarrhena mandshurica Paracletus bykovi ssp. uzbekistanicus

Diarthron Thymelaeaceae

Diarthron arenaria Brachyunguis dendrostellerae, [Brachyunguis sp.

(Kadyrbekov 2014e)]

D. lessertii Brachyunguis sp. (Iran: BMNH collection)

D. stachyoides Brachyunguis dendrostellerae

Key to apterae on Diarthron:-

(Both species have ANT PT/BASE c.0.5 and very short siphunculi, less than 0.35 × CAUDA.)

- SIPH dark …..Brachyunguis sp. (Iran: BMNH collection, leg. G. Remaudière)

- SIPH pale brown …..Brachyunguis dendrostellerae*

Diascia Scrophulariaceae

Diascia rigescens Myzus ornatus

Dicentra (including Dactylicapnos, Lamprocapnos) Papaveraceae

Dicentra formosa Aulacorthum solani;

Macrosiphum dicentrae, euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus

D. spectabilis Aphis fabae

(= Lamprocapnos spectabilis)

D. thalictrifolia Neomyzus dicentrae

(= Dactylicapnos scandens)

Key to apterae on Dicentra:-

1 SIPH and cauda dark, the latter bearing 11-24 hairs. ANT tubercles weakly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu …..Aphis fabae

- SIPH and cauda pale (SIPH sometimes dark at apices); cauda with 5-12 hairs. ANT tubercles moderately to well developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu …..2

2 SIPH clavate, 0.55-0.75 × ANT III, with thin “stem” about as thick as hind tibia at midlength, and swollen part not imbricated …..Myzus ascalonicus

- SIPH cylindrical or tapering, if at all swollen on distal half then longer relative to ANT III, stem thicker, and swollen part imbricated …..3

3 Inner faces of ANT tubercles smooth and divergent. SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of closed cells). Hairs on ANT III 0.6-1.0 × BD III

…..4

- Inner faces of ANT tubercles spiculose or scabrous, and steep-sided. SIPH with subapical transverse striae, but without polygonal reticulation. Hairs on ANT III less than 0.5 × BD III

…..5

4 R IV+V 0.6-0.8 × HT II. ABD TERG 2-4 often bearing marginal tubercles (MTu) that are as large as or larger than the spiracular apertures …..Macrosiphum dicentrae

- R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II. ABD TERG 2-4 sometimes with MTu, but these are usually very small, not much larger than hair bases …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

5 Dorsum with paired dark pleural and marginal (or fused pleuromarginal) sclerites. SIPH as thick as or thicker than cauda, which bears 5 hairs. R IV+V 0.6-0.9 × HT II. ANT tubercles rather low, scabrous …..Neomyzus dicentrae

- Dorsum without dark markings. SIPH for most of length thinner than cauda. R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT II. ANT tubercles high and spiculose …..Aulacorthum solani

Dichaea Orchidaceae

Dichaea glauca Aulacorthum solani

(or try key to orchid-feeding aphids under Cymbidium)

Dichanthium (including Eremopogon) Poaceae

Dichanthium annulatum Aphis gossypii; Forda riccobonii; Geoica lucifuga;

Hysteroneura setariae; Myzus persicae; Sipha flava;

Sitobion africanum, avenae, graminis, miscanthi;

Tetraneura fusiformis (or nigriabdominalis?)

D. bladhii = Bothriochloa bladhii

D. caricosum Hysteroneura setariae; Sipha flava;

Tetraneura fusiformis (or nigriabdominalis?)

D. foveolatum Sitobion lambersi

D. insculptum = Bothriochloa insculpta

D. ischaemum = Bothriochloa ischaemum

Dichanthium spp. Forda hirsuta; Rhopalosiphum maidis

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Dichilus Fabaceae

Dichilus villosus (?) Aphis craccivora, cytisorum

Dichondra Polygonaceae

Dichondra repens Pemphigus tartareus

var. carolinensis

Dichrocephala Asteraceae

Dichrocephala bicolor = D. integrifola

D. chrysanthemifolia Aphis gossypii, nasturtii, spiraecola;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; [Hysteroneura setariae};

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus, persicae;

Uroleucon compositae

D. integrifolia Aphis gossypii, nasturtii, spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus,, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus

D. latifolia = D. integrifolia

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Dichromena see Rhynchospora Cyperaceae

Dichrostachys Fabaceae

Dichrostachys cinerea Aphis gossypii

Dicksonia Dicksoniaceae

Dicksonia sp. Macrosiphum walkeri

Dicliptera Acanthaceae

Dicliptera verticillata Aphis gossypii

Dicranella Dicranaceae

Dicranella crispa Myzodium modestum

Use key to apterae of moss-feeding aphids under Polytrichum.

Dicranopteris Gleicheniaceae

One aphid species, Idiopteris nephrelepidis, is recorded from four Dicranopteris spp.; bifida, cordata, leonina and radicans.

Dicranum Dicranaceae

Dicranum fuscescens [Pachypappa sacculi]

D. scoparium [Jacksonia papillata]; Melaphis rhois;

Muscaphis escherichi; [Pachypappa sacculi];

[Prociphilus xylostei]; Pseudacaudella rubida

Dicranum sp. Myzodium modestum

Use key to apterae of moss-feeding aphids under Polytrichum.

Dictamnus Rutaceae

Dictamnus albus Aphis gossypii

D. dasycarpus = D. albus

Dictyosperma Arecaceae

Dictyosperma album (var. rubra) Cerataphis brasiliensis

Use key to apterae on palms under Calamus.

Didymocarpus Gesneriaceae

Didymocarpus pedicellatus [Micromyzodium filicium]

Didymocarpus sp. Aphis spiraecola

Didymopanax see Schefflera Araliaceae

Dieffenbachia Araceae

Dieffenbachia amoena Aphis gossypii

D. macrophylla Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

D. maculata = D. seguine

D. magnifica = D. seguine

D. picta = D. seguine

D. seguine Aphis gossypii; [Idiopterus nephrelepidis];

Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Pentalonia nigronervosa;

Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

Dieffenbachia spp. Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Key to apterae on Dieffenbachia:-

1 SIPH pale on basal half and dark on distal half, and usually slightly swollen subapically. SIPH and femora covered with irregular, transverse rows of spicules. (Al. with dark-bordered wing veins, with radius and costa fused for part of lengths to form a closed cell behind the pterostigma …..Pentalonia nigronervosa

- SIPH either mainly pale or mainly dark; tapering, cylindrical, or clavate. SIPH and femora smooth or imbricated, not markedly spiculose. (Al. with normal wing venation, veins not dark-bordered) …..2

2 ANT 5-segmented, with hairs up to 4-5 × BD III. ANT PT/BASE 4.5-5.9, with PT usually curved …..Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

- ANT usually 6-segmented, if 5-segmented then with much shorter hairs and with ANT PT/BASE less than 4 …..3

3 SIPH, cauda and legs all dark. SIPH somewhat swollen on distal half. R IV+V 1.2-1.8 × ANT BASE VI. Dorsum with a pattern of spinules arranged in polygons, with 1 or more spinules in the centre of each polygon …..Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

- Cauda pale, ANT and legs at least partially pale, SIPH pale or dark. SIPH cylindrical, tapering or clavate. R IV+V 0.6-1.3 × ANT BASE VI. Dorsum without a pattern of spinules arranged in polygons …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Diervilla Caprifoliaceae

Diervilla japonica see Weigela japonica

D. lonicera Aphis gossypii, [Aphis diervillalutea Rafinesque – invalid

name];

Macrosiphum diervillae; [Pemphigus diani Ferrari, 1872]

D. lutea = D. lonicera

D. middendorfiana Rhopalosiphoninus celtifoliae

Key to apterae on Diervilla:-

1 ANT 1.5-1.9 × BL. SIPH long and thin, more than 14 × longer than their width at midlength, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation ….. Macrosiphum diervillae

- ANT less than 1.5 × BL. SIPH shorter and thicker, less than 14 × their middle width …..2

2 R IV+V 1.4-1.6 × HT II, and bearing 7-8 accessory hairs. (Al. with thick, dark clavate SIPH)

…..Rhopalosiphoninus celtifoliae

- R IV + V 1.0-1.4 × HT II, with 2 accessory hairs …..Aphis gossypii

(or try key to polyphagous aphids)

Dieteria Asteraceae

Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nutt. [Acyrthosiphon malvae]; Atarsos grindeliae;

(incl. var. leucanthemifolia) Uroleucon erigeronense, zymozionense

D. viscosa = D. canescens

Use key to apterae on Aster.

Dietes Iridaceae

Dietes robinsoniana Dysaphis tulipae

Digitalis Plantaginaceae

Digitalis amandiana = D. purpurea var. amandiana

D. ambigua = D. grandiflora

D. ferruginea (ssp. schischkinii ) Aphis fabae

D. grandiflora Aphis armata, fabae; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; Macrosiphum melampyri

D. lanata Aphis fabae, kosarovi, nerii; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Myzus persicae

D. lutea (incl. ssp. australis) Aphis armata, fabae; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; Myzus persicae

D. micrantha = D. lutea ssp. australis

D. obscura Aphis fabae

D. purpurea (incl. var. Acyrthosiphon malvae; [Amphorophora rubi];

amandiana) Aphis armata, fabae, kosarovi, nerii,

[pilosa Walker, 1849)], solanella;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae, [dycei];

Neomyzus circumflexus

D. schischkinii = D. ferruginea ssp. schischkinii

Digitalis spp. Aphis gossypii

Key to apterae on Digitalis:-

1 ANT tubercles undeveloped or weakly developed. SIPH and cauda both black, the latter bearing 9-24 hairs …..2

- ANT tubercles well developed, or if not then cauda is not black and bears 4-8 hairs …..5

2 Dorsal abdomen without any dark sclerites. ANT PT/BASE 3.4-4.1. SIPH 1.7-2.7 × cauda

…..Aphis nerii

- Dorsal abdomen with dark cross-bars on ABD TERG 7 and 8, and usually with other dark markings. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-3.5. SIPH 0.7-1.8 × cauda …..3

3 Longest hair on ANT III 0.5-0.6 × BD III. Posterior hair on hind trochanter shorter than trochantro-femoral suture …..Aphis kosarovi*

- Longest hair on ANT III (0.6-) 0.8-2.65 × BD III. Posterior hair on hind trochanter as long as or longer than trochantro-femoral suture …..4

4 Longest hair on ANT III 1.5-2.65 × BD III. R IV+V 1.04-1.25 × HT II …..Aphis armata

- Longest hair on ANT III 0.6-2.20 × BD III. R IV+V 0.88-1.10 × HT II …..Aphis fabae

5 SIPH dark on distal part, paler towards bases, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Femora with distal 0.2 of length black. R IV+V 0.65-0.8 × ANT VI BASE

…..Macrosiphum melampyri

- SIPH pale or only dark at apices, with or without subapical polygonal reticulation; if with, then femora without black apices and R IV+V 0.8-1.1 × ANT VI BASE

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Digitaria (including Syntherisma, Trichachne) Poaceae

Digitaria abyssinica Hysteroneura setariae; Kugegania ageni;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Rhopalosiphum maidis, padi;

Sitobion africanum, graminis, neusi

D. adscendens = D. ciliaris

D. chinensis Rhopalosiphum maidis

D. ciliaris Anoecia corni, fulviabdominalis; Aphis gossypii;

Geoica lucifuga; Hysteroneura setariae;

Kaochiaoja arthraxonis; Micromyzodium spinulosum;

Rhopalosiphum maidis, padi, rufiabdominale;

Schizaphis graminum (as mehijiwae), hypersiphonata;

Sipha flava;

Sitobion akebiae, kamtshaticum, lambersi, [rosaeiformis];

Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (or fusiformis?), yezoensis

D. compacta Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (or fusiformis?)

D. corymbosa = D. compacta

D. costaricensis Hysteroneura setariae

D. decumbens = D. eriantha ssp. pentzii

D. didactyla Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (or fusiformis?)

D. distichum Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (or fusiformis?)

D. ekmanii Hysteroneura setariae

D. eriantha Rhopalosiphum maidis; Schizaphis hypersiphonata;

Sipha flava

D. eriantha ssp. pentzii Asiphonella dactylonii; Rhopalosiphum maidis;

Sipha flava; Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (or fusiformis?)

D. filiformis Forda marginata

D. horizontalis see D. sanguinalis

D. humifusa = D. ischaemum

D. insularis Hysteroneura setariae; Rhopalosiphum maidis

D. ischaemum Anoecia corni, cornicola, vagans; Forda marginata;

Metopolophium dirhodum; Sipha maydis; Sitobion akebiae;

[Tychea panici Thomas – an Anoecia?]

D. leptorachis Hysteroneura setariae

D. longiflora Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Hysteroneura setariae

D. marginata = D. ciliaris

D. microbachne = D. setigera

D. nuda Hysteroneura setariae

D. paspalodes = D. distichum

D. polybotria = D. leptorachis

D. pruriens = D. setigera

D. radicosa Hysteroneura setariae; Kaochiaoja arthraxonis;

Sitobion lambersi

D. sanguinalis Anoecia corni, cornicola, vagans;

(incl. D. horizontalis) Aphis craccivora, gossypii;

Ceratovacuna nekoashi; Diuraphis noxia;

Hysteroneura setariae; Myzus ornatus;

Paracletus cimiciformis; Protaphis middletonii;

Rhopalosiphum maidis, padi, rufiabdominale;

Schizaphis graminum, hypersiphonata;

Sipha flava, maydis;

Sitobion africanum, akebiae, avenae, graminis,

[rosaeiformis];

Tetraneura fusiformis (or nigriabdominalis?), ulmi,

yezoensis

D. scalarum = D. abyssinica

D. setigera Aphis gossypii; Hysteroneura setariae;

Rhopalosiphum maidis

D. smutsii = D. eriantha

D. timorensis = D. radicosa

D. velutina Hysteroneura setariae; [Sitobion sp. (Millar 1994)];

Tetraneura fusiformis (or nigriabdominalis?)

D. violascens Hysteroneura setariae; Sitobion akebiae

Digitaria spp. Sitobion miscanthi

Key to apterae on Digitaria and other genera of herbaceous Poaceae:-

More than 250 aphid species feed on grasses. Some are found only on grasses living in certain habitats, but very few are specific to a particular grass genus or species. The key is subdivided to make it less cumbersome; the main key enables direct identification of individual species and those in small genera, and also leads to a series of subsidiary keys separating species with particular morphological features. Aphids on Miscanthus are treated in a separate key, as there are nine Melanaphis spp. that appear to be specific to that genus.

Numerous other aphid species are found on bamboos, and are treated under the genus names Bambusa and Arundinaria. For simplified, illustrated keys to the aphids most commonly found on cereal crops, and on the grasses of temperate and tropical pastures, consult Blackman & Eastop (2000).

Main key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids

1 ANT PT/BASE more than 0.4 (but if less than 0.65 then body markedly elongate) .....2

- ANT PT/BASE 0.2-0.5. Body globose, broadly oval or spindle-shaped .....29

2 ABD TERG 8 with a pair of very large, densely nodulose, backwardly-directed conical processes, and with or without similar but thinner spinal and marginal processes on other tergites .....3

- ABD TERG 8 without large paired conical processes (sometimes with a median process)

.....6

3 Conical processes only on ABD TERG 8. SIPH with swollen part bent towards midline, nearly at a right angle to the pedunculate basal part .....Israelaphis lambersi

- A greater number of conical processes present, both spinal and marginal. SIPH straight

.....4

4 Spinal processes present on all segments from head to ABD TERG 8, and marginal processes on meso- and metathorax, ABD TERG 1-4 and 6-7 (40-42 in total)

.....Israelaphis ilharcoi

- Spinal amd marginal processes usually limited to ABD TERG 5-8 or 6-8, only occasionally with small processes on more anteror tergites .....5

5 ANT PT 4.6-8.2 × R IV+V, which is 0.43-0.50 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 2.04-3.32

.....Israelaphis carmini

- ANT PT 4.4-4.5 × R IV+V, which is 0.50-0.53 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 2.33-2.57

.....Israelaphis alistana

6 Cauda either very broadly rounded (less than 0.5 × longer than its basal width) or with a conical base and a midway constriction delimiting the apical part as a rounded knob. SIPH either stump-shaped, conical or poriform. ANT 4- or 5-segmented, often very short. Dorsal cuticle often sclerotic, and dorsal hairs usually thick and spine-like or with expanded apices

.....Siphini: go to KEY A

- Cauda triangular, helmet-shaped, lanceolate, tongue- or finger-shaped, much more than 0.5 × its basal width, sometimes with a midway constriction but the apical part is not a rounded knob. SIPH tubular, flask-shaped, conical, mammariform or poriform. ANT 5- or 6-segmented, short or long. Dorsal cuticle with or without sclerotisation, dorsal hairs not thick and spine-like; blunt or pointed, or with expanded apices .....7

7 SIPH mammariform, or poriform, or as very short tubes or broad-based cones, as short as or shorter than their basal widths and usually less than 0.35 × cauda

.....go to KEY B (mainly Diuraphis spp.)