HOST LISTS AND KEYS FOR EACH PLANT GENUS (in alphabetical order) |
Cas-Cha Cascabela Apocynaceae Cascabela thevetia Aphis gossypii,
spiraecola; Myzus
persicae Use key to polyphagous
aphids. Casearia Salicaceae Casearia arborea Aphis
(Toxoptera) aurantii C. decandra Aphis spiraecola
C. hirsuta Aphis
(Toxoptera) aurantii C. sylvestris Aphis
(Toxoptera) aurantii Casearia sp Aphis
craccivora (use key to polyphagous
aphids) Cassia Leguminosae Cassia
abbreviata Myzus
persicae C.
absus = Chamaecrista absus C.
alata = Senna alata C.
aphylla = Senna aphylla C.
australis (?) Aphis gossypii; Aulacorthum solani; Myzus
persicae C.
benitoensis = Senna benitoensis C.
bicapsularis = Senna bicapsularis C.
corymbosa = Senna corymbosa C.
didymobotrya = Senna didymobotrya C.
fistula Aphis
craccivora, fabae, odinae;
Myzus persicae C.
floribunda (?) Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii C.
glauca = Senna sulfurea C.
goratensis = Senna singueana C.
hirsuta = Senna hirsuta C.
hoffmansegi (?) C.
javanica Aphis craccivora C.
laevigata = Senna septemtrionalis C.
leiophylla = Senna leiophylla Aphis
gossypii; Myzus persicae C.
leptocarpa = Senna hirsuta var. leptocarpa C.
mimosoides = Chamaecrista mimosoides C.
nomane = Chamaecrista nomane C.
obtusifolia = Senna obtusifolia C.
occidentalis = Senna occidentalis C.
siamea = Senna siamea C.
sophera = Senna sophera C.
sturtii Myzus
persicae C.
surattensis = Senna surattensis C.
tomentosa = Senna hirsuta C.
tora = Senna tora Cassia
sp. (African) Sitobion burundiense Key to apterae on Cassia:- - SIPH black with polygonal reticulation on distal
0.17-0.25 of length. ANT PT/BASE 5.1-6.6. First tarsal segments all with 4
hairs …..Sitobion burundiense - SIPH if black then without distal
reticulation, and other characters do not apply …..go to key to
polyphagous aphids Cassinia Compositae Cassinia sp. Macrosiphum euphorbiae Cassytha Lauraceae C. filiformis Sinomegoura citricola Castalia see Nymphaea Nymphaeaceae Castanea Chestnuts Fagaceae C. ashei Longistigma caryae; Patchia virginiana C. bungeana Tuberculatus
castanocallis, cereus, ceroerythros, kuricola, margituberculatus C. crenata Japanese Chestnut
[Kurisakia
onigurumii]; Lachnus tropicalis; [Macrosiphum kuricola Matsumura 1917,
nomen dubium]; Mollitrichosiphon
tenuicorpus; Myzocallis castanicola; Myzocallis
castanicola; Phylloxera castaneivora; Pseudomegoura
magnoliae; [Nippolachnus
piri]; C.
dentata
American Chestnut C. formosana Eutrichosiphum
tattakanum C. henryi Lachnus tropicalis;
Tuberculatus kuricola C. mollissima [Aphis odinae];
Cervaphis quercus; Greenidea kuwanai; Lachnus [quercihabitans], tropicalis;
[Metanipponaphis cuspidatae]; Phylloxera
castaneae, castaneivora; Tuberculatus
castanocallis, kuricola, margituberculatus C. nana Myzocallis castaneoides, nanae, tissoti C. pubinervis Cervaphis quercus;
Tuberculatus kuricola C. pumila Myzocallis castanicola; Patchia virginiana; C.
sativa
Sweet Chestnut [Aphis
gossypii]; [Aulacorthum solani]; Lachnus
longirostris, roboris, tropicalis; Myzocallis
castaneoides, castanicola, castanicola spp. leclanti, [komareki]; Phylloxera
castaneae, [spinifera]; Thelaxes
suberi; Tuberculatus
annulatus, kuricola C. seguinii Tuberculatus
castanocallis, ceroerythros Castanea
sp. [Mollitrichosiphum
nigrum] Key to aphids
feeding on Castanea:- 1 Antennae 3-segmented (small insect, body pyriform,
broadest anteriorly
.....2 - Antennae 5- or 6-segmented .....3
2 Many dorsal tubercles present on head, thorax and
ABD TERG 1-6, decreasing in size and - Only
4 dorsal tubercles present, confined to head .....Phylloxera castaneae 3 SIPH tubular, several times longer than
wide
.....4 - SIPH truncate or broad, hairy
cones .....12 4 Body of aptera with very long, branched,
hair-bearing marginal processes (fig. 92A) - Body of aptera without hair-bearing
processes
.....5 5 SIPH without hairs. Antennal tubercles
well-developed, approx. parallel-sided in dorsal view (as in fig. 42J) .....Pseudomegoura
magnoliae - SIPH with numerous long fine hairs. Antennal
tubercles undeveloped
.....6 6 SIPH of aptera reticulated either basally or over
much of length. Cauda with a distinct median conical papilla (as in fig. 92B) .....7 - SIPH
of aptera without any reticulation. Cauda without a median papilla .....9 7 SIPH of aptera with a spinulose reticulation over
the entire length, except for a small distal part with only spinules . BL
2.4-3.4 mm .....Greenidea
magna* - SIPH with reticulation restricted to basal zone. BL
1.3-2.6 mm .....8 8 BL 1.3-2.2 mm. Head and legs mainly pale .....Greenidea (Trichosiphum)
pallidipes* - BL 2.0-3.0 mm. Head and legs mainly
dark .....Greenidea
(Trichosiphum) kuwanai 9 SIPH of aptera more than 0.7 ×BL. Hind
tibiae with transverse stridulatory ridges (as in fig. 27A) .....Mollitrichosiphon
tenuicorpus - SIPH of aptera less than 0.7 × BL. Hind tibiae
without stridulatory ridges .....10 10
Dorsum of aptera with numerous irregular transverse rows of minute spinules .....Eutrichosiphum
pasaniae - Dorsum of aptera
without spinules, or with spinules only on marginal areas of thorax and ABD
TERG 1-2 .....11 11 Antennae of aptera 5- or 6-segmented, of alata
6-segmented. Dorsal abdomen with ill-defined dark pigmentation leaving
pale central area on ABD TERG 1-3. SIPH of aptera usually dusky/dark distally .....Eutrichosiphum
tattakanum - Antennae
5-segmented in alatae as well as apterae. SIPH of aptera evenly pale, paler
than the uniformly smoky dorsal abdomen .....Eutrichosiphum
pallidum* 12 ANT PT/BASE about 1.0 or more. Anal plate divided by
a median cleft into 2 lobes .....13 - ANT PT/BASE 0.5 or less. Anal plate not bi-lobed
.....26 13 Cauda triangular, apically pointed, without a
constriction (fig.
35A). Body and appendages almost entirely brown-black .....Patchia
virginiana - Cauda with a
constriction and a terminal knob. Body and appendages mainly pale, 14 Head
and pronotum with a longitudinal dark spinal stripe, and ABD TERG 1-7 each
with
.....15 - Head
and pronotum without a spinal longitudinal stripe. If ABD TERG 1-7 have a
complete set of paired dark dorsal sclerites then wings are strongly maculate .....16 15 R IV with 4-10 accessory hairs. First tarsal segments
with 5-6 ventral hairs. Embryos with long hairs (55-70 μm) on ABD TERG 2 .....Myzocallis
castanicola (s. str.) - R
IV with 11-18 accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with 6-8 (usually 7)
ventral hairs. Embryos with hairs on ABD TERG 2 shorter (27-41 μm) .....Myzocallis
castanicola ssp. leclanti 16 Tibiae mainly brown to black, or at least brown on
basal half. ANT PT/BASE more than 2.0 .....17 - Tibiae mainly pale, sometimes dark apically. ANT
PT/BASE less than 2.0 .....20
17 Anterior frontal hairs of head long and finely
pointed, 2 or more × basal diameter of ANT III (fig.35B)
.....18 - Anterior
frontal hairs less than 2 × basal diameter of ANT III, and sometimes with
capitate apices (figs 35C,D)
.....19 18 Tibiae and ANT III-VI uniformly black
.....Myzocallis castaneae - Tibiae
dark at base but with paler middle region. ANT IV,V and BASE VI each pale at
base and dark at apex
.....Myzocallis tissoti 19 Anterior frontal hairs 7-15 um long, shorter than
basal diameter of ANT III, and capitate - Anterior
frontal hairs 30-38 um, longer than basal diameter of ANT III, pointed or
slightly .....Myzocallis
castaneoides 20 Forewings with pigment extending between veins, or
with veins at least heavily bordered with pigment. Abdomen broad and often
with large dark marginal processes
.....21 - Forewings
not pigmented between veins. Abdomen with or without smaller, pale marginal
processes
.....25 21 ANT III with 4-6 hairs, 1-2 × longer than basal
diameter of segment - ANT III with 7 or more hairs, including anteriorly
directed long ones that are much more than 2 × basal
diameter of the segment .....22 22 ANT
III with 16 or more hairs. Marginal processes each with 1-6 transparent
noduli (fig.
35F) .....23 - ANT III with less than 15 hairs. Marginal processes
without any transparent noduli
.....24 23 Head with 20-22 dorsal hairs. Dorsal body
hairs thick, and spinal hairs on posterior tergites arise from tubercular
bases …..Tuberculatus
ceroerythros* - Head with more than
40 dorsal hairs. Dorsal body hairs thin and spinal hairs on posterior
tergites not arising from tubercular bases …..Tuberculatus
cereus 24 ABD TERG 2 and 3 each with a pair of quadrate spinal
processes, as long as or longer than their basal widths (fig. 35G).
Distal parts of hind femora dark .....Tuberculatus
castanocallis - Spinal processes on
ABD TERG 2 and 3 if developed then rounded, and shorter than their 25 Spinal processes on ABD TERG 1-3 all similarly
developed, finger-like, longer than their - Spinal
processes only ever well-developed on ABD TERG 3, and then conical, shorter
than their basal widths. Hairs on front of head and ANT I-III short or very
short, and pointed. SIPH black except at bases .....Tuberculatus
annulatus 26 BL less than 2 mm. Antennae 5-segmented. Cauda
knobbed .....Thelaxes
suberi - BL more than 2.5 mm. Antennae 6-segmented. Cauda
broadly rounded
.....27 27 ABD TERG 8 unmarked or with only irregular pigment
spots. Alata with pterostigma - ABD TERG 8 with a
thin transverse band. Alata with pigmented (maculate) forewings and normal
pterostigma .....28 28 Hind tibia with some of more distal hairs on ventral
side very long and fine-pointed, at least 2-3 × longer than neighbouring
short hairs (fig.
93D). Mesosternal processes always absent or weakly developed. (SIPH
cones small and often pale) .....Lachnus longirostris - Hind tibia with hairs on ventral side often longer
and finer distally, but not with some hairs 2-3 × longer than others.
Mesosternum of summer aptera usually with a pair of mammariform or
papilliform processes. (SIPH cones usually large and pigmented) .....29 29 ANT/PT
BASE 0.40-0.68, usually more than 0.5. Alata with forewing pigmented to base .....Lachnus tropicalis - ANT/PT
BASE 0.3-0.5. Alata with clear area at base of forewing .....Lachnus roboris Castanopsis (= Shiia) Fagaceae C. acuminatissima Eutrichosiphum pasaniae, pullum; Greenidea
[castanopsidis], magna; Nipponaphis
javanica C. argentea Eutrichosiphum pasaniae, pullum; Greenidea
magna, pallidipes; Nipponaphis
brevipilosa C. calathiformis Mollitrichosiphum tenuicorpus C.
carlesii Eutrichosiphum pasaniae; Metanipponaphis ?echinata; Mollitrichosiphum
tenuicorpus C. cuspidata Allotrichosiphum kashicola; Eutrichosiphum
pasaniae, shiicola, sinense; Lachnus tropicalis
(or shiicola?); Lithoaphis shiiae; Metanipponaphis cuspidatae, shiicola; Mollitrichosiphum
tenuicorpus; Neonipponaphis
shiiae; C. eyrei Neonipponaphis pustulosa C.
fabri Eutrichosiphum pasaniae; Mollitrichosiphum tenuicorpus, [nigrofasciatum] C. fargesii [Aphis
(Toxoptera) citricidus]; Eutrichosiphum [pseudopasaniae] C. ferox Eutrichosiphum
sinense;
Mollitrichosiphon tenuicorpus C.
formosana Eutrichosiphum tattakanum; Mollitrichosiphon
tenuicorpus C. hainanensis Mesotrichosiphum
pentaiarticulatum C.
hickelii [Allotrichosiphum castanopse (=Eutrichosiphum
sinense?)] C.
hystrix Metanipponaphis echinata; Mollitrichosiphon
tenuicorpus C. indica Eutrichosiphum pasaniae, [pseudopasaniae], sinense;
Lachnus
acutihirsutus C. javanica Eutrichosiphum nigrum, pasaniae, sinense; Greenidea
magna, pallidipes; Nipponaphis multisetosa C.
sclerophylla [Eutrichosiphum
sclerophyllum (= shiicola?), arunachali
ssp. jianglense]; Lachnus tropicalis; Metanipponaphis
lithocarpicola; Mollitrichosiphum
tenuicorpus;
[Tuberculatus castanocallis]
C.
sieboldii Greenidea okajimai; Nipponaphis monzeni C.
subacuminata Eutrichosiphum pasaniae;
Mollitrichosiphum tenuicorpus C.
submacula Eutrichosiphum pasaniae C.
subsericea Eutrichosiphum pasaniae C. tribuloides Eutrichosiphum pasaniae, [pseudopasaniae]; Metanipponaphis
assamensis Castanopsis sp(p). Eutrichosiphum dubium, [flavum],
kumaoni, [neoalnicola], [neotattakanum], russellae; Greenidea
[kunmingensis], sikkimensis; Lachnus
[quercihabitans],
shiicola, sorini; Metanipponaphis rotunda; Mollitrichosiphum niitakaensis; Parathoracaphis
manipurensis; Schizoneuraphis
querciphaga Key to aphids feeding on Castanopsis:- 1 Aptera with head, thorax and ABD TERG 1
fused as prosoma. Legs and antennae much - Aptera of normal aphid form with well-developed legs
and antennae. SIPH evident, conical or tubular. Antennae of alata with
circular or oval sensoria .....12 2 Aptera
without SIPH
.....3 - Aptera with SIPH usually present as small pores or
cones
.....4 3 Tarsi and claws rudimentary; dorsum strongly
reticulated (fig.36A) .....Reticulaphis shiiae - Two-segmented
tarsi and claws developed; dorsum without reticulation .....Parathoracaphis
manipurensis 4 Dorsal cuticle of prosoma mainly smooth except for
areolation, pustules only present around thoracic spiracles. Prosomal hairs
long and thick with somewhat tuberculate bases. ABD TERG 8 with 4 hairs
.....Schizoneuraphis querciphaga - Dorsal cuticle of prosoma ornamented with numerous
raised pustules or translucent rounded or curved areas (figs 36B - E).
Prosomal hairs short or if long then fine. ABD TERG 8 with 2-10 hairs .....5
5 Abdominal plate (ABD TERG 2-7) distinctly separate
from prosoma (e.g. fig. 36B).
ABD TERG 8 with 4-8 hairs
.....6 - Abdominal plate fused with or not distinctly
separate fom prosoma, at least in median area 6 Pustules on prosoma
irregularly-shaped, angular, especially on marginal areas (Fig. 36A,B).
Spinal and marginal hairs of prosoma longer, but not thicker or stiffer, than
scattered dorsal hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 4-6 hairs .....
Neonipponaphis shiiae - Pustules on prosoma
smaller and oval or rounded. Spinal and submarginal hairs of prosoma
distinctly thicker and stiffer as well as longer than scattered dorsal hairs.
ABD TERG 8 with 6-8 hairs …..Neonipponaphis pustulosus* 7 Prosoma ornamented with blunt conical
nodules, often longer than their basal widths (fig. 91A).
Prosomal hairs very long and very fine .....Nipponaphis
monzeni - Prosoma if pustulate then the pustules are low, all
or mostly shorter than their basal widths (fig. 36).
Prosomal hairs long or short
.....8 8 ABD
TERG 8 with 2-4 hairs. Prosoma dorsally ornamented with densely packed,
evenly .....Metanipponaphis spp. - ABD TERG 8 with 4-6 hairs. Prosoma with polygonal,
angular or irregular dorsal 9 Prosoma strongly convex dorsally,with irregular
translucent branched or curved ornament-ation
(fig. 36D).
ABD TERG 8 with 6 hairs .....Lithoaphis shiiae - Prosoma somewhat flattened dorsally, with variable
pustulate or polygonal ornamentation (e.g. fig. 36E). ABD TERG 8 with 4 hairs .....10 10 Prosomal
hairs only 10-20 µm long, and those on ABD TERG 8 only 35-40 µm long .....Nipponaphis
brevipilosa - Prosomal hairs 40-125 µm long, and those on ABD TERG
8 65-160 µm long .....11
11 Prosoma with only 6-7 hairs (2-3 spinal, 4 marginal)
on each thoracic tergite, and 4 hairs - Prosomal hairs much more numerous; 30-70 per tergite .....Nipponaphis multisetosa
12 SIPH tubular, bearing numerous long
hairs
.....13 - SIPH as shallow hairy cones
.....27 13 SIPH of aptera with pale reticulation either basally
or over much of length. Cauda with a distinct median conical papilla (as in fig. 92B) .....14 - SIPH of aptera without any pale reticulation. Cauda
without a median papilla .....17 14 SIPH of aptera with a spinulose reticulation over
the entire length, except for a small distal part with spinules only. BL
2.4-3.4 mm .....Greenidea
magna* - SIPH with reticulation restricted to basal zone. BL
1.3-2.8 mm .....15 15 Ventral abdomen with spinulosity confined to
marginal areas .....Greenidea
pallidipes* - Mid-ventral area of abdomen evenly spinulose .....16 16 R IV+V 1.3-1.8 × longer than HT II .....Greenidea
okajimai - R IV+V 1.85-2.5 × longer than HT II .....Greenidea
sikkimensis* 17 Hind tibiae with transverse (stridulatory?) ridges
(e.g. fig. 27A
)
.....18 - Hind tibiae without transverse ridges
.....19 18 Antennae
5- or 6-segmented. SIPH of aptera less than 0.5 × BL .....Mollitrichosiphum
niitakaensis - Antennae
6-segmented. SIPH of aptera 0.65 or more × BL .....Mollitrichosiphum tenuicorpus 19 Longest
hairs on antennae and dorsum distinctly capitate (fig. 92C) .....Allotrichosiphum
kashicola - Hairs on antennae and dorsum with
pointed, blunt, expanded or bifurcate apices, but never capitate .....20 20 Dorsum of aptera without spinules, or with spinules
restricted to marginal areas
.....21 - Dorsum of aptera with numerous irregular transverse
rows of minute spinules .....26 21 Femora and basal parts of tibiae as dark as
or darker than body. ANT PT/BASE less than 1. First tarsal segments with 5
hairs .....22 - Femora and tibiae paler than body. ANT PT/BASE more
than 1. First tarsal segments with 7 hairs .....23 22 R IV+V 1.7-2.0× HT II, which is 0.10-0.11
mm long. Mid-dorsal abdominal hairs much shorter than marginal hairs …..Mesotrichosiphum pentaiarticulatum* - R IV+V 2.1-2.4× HT II, which is 0.08-0.09 mm long.
Mid-dorsal abdominal hairs similar in length to marginal hairs ….. Eutrichosiphum nigrum* 23 R IV+V 3.1-3.6× HT II .....Eutrichosiphum
russellae - R IV+V 1.9-2.8× HT II .....24
24 BL 1.2-1.7 mm. SIPH 0.19-0.22 × BL .....Eutrichosiphum
pullum* - BL 1.9-2.9 mm. SIPH 0.25-0.35 × BL .....25 25 Dorsal abdomen with extensive (but variably pigmented)
sclerotisation. Marginal areas and venter of abdomen finely spiculose .....Eutrichosiphum
tattakanum - Dorsal abdomen unsclerotised. Marginal areas an
venter of abdomen smooth .....Eutrichosiphum kumaoni* 26 Aptera with R IV+V 1.5-1.7 × HT II, and SIPH longer
than maximum body width. SIPH of alata more than 1.5 × ANT III
.....Eutrichosiphum shiicola - Aptera with R IV+V 1.8-2.6 × HT II, and SIPH shorter
than maximum body width. SIPH of alata less than 1.5 × ANT III .....27
27 Dorsum of aptera pale, SIPH mostly dark but pale at
base, and at least 0.7 × maximum body width
.....Eutrichosiphum sinense - Dorsum of aptera pale or dark brown, SIPH wholly
dark and 0.5-0.6 × maximum 28 Abdomen
bearing a large rounded tubercle on ABD TERG 4, its base about as broad as
that of SIPH cones (and another much smaller and flatter tubercle on ABD TERG
5) …..Lachnus
sorini - Abdomen without a large tubercle on ABD TERG 4 …..29 29 Longest
hairs on ANT III 2.0-2.25 × basal diameter of segment. SIPH on large hairy
cones which are about 3.4- 5.3 × longer than the diameter of the siphuncular
pore. R IV+V 1.1-1.2
× HT II .....Lachnus
shiicola - Longest hairs on
ANT III 0.67-1.4 × basal diameter of segment. SIPH on small hairy cones which
are 2-3 × longer than the diameter of the siphuncular pore. R IV+V 0.74-1.05 × HT II .....30 30 Longest hairs on ANT III
0.67-0.85 × basal diameter of segment. R IV+V 0.74-0.82 × HT II. Forewing of
alata with large clear areas between media and cubitus veins, and between Cu1b
and base of wing …..Lachnus acutihirsutus - Longest hairs on ANT III 0.9-1.4 ×
basal diameter of segment. R IV+V
0.9-1.05 × HT II. Forewing of alata mostly pigmented with only small
clear areas …..Lachnus tropicalis Castanospermum Leguminosae Castanospermum australe Australian
Chestnut Betacallis
querciphaga; Mollitrichosiphon
tenuicorpus Castilleja Orobanchaceae Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta Nasonovia castelleiae C. coccinia Nasonovia
castelleiae C.
exserta (see Orthocarpus) [Macrosiphum orthocarpus] C.
foliolosa Brachycaudus
helichrysi C.
linariifolia Nearctaphis
hottesi C.
miniata Nasonovia
castelleiae C.
neglecta = C. affinis ssp. neglecta C.
occidentalis Nasonovia
sampsoni C.
pavlovii Nasonovia
castelleiae C.
pruinosa Nasonovia
sampsoni C.
raupii Nasonovia
castelleiae C.
wightii Nasonovia
sampsoni; Macrosiphum euphorbiae Castilleja spp. Aphis
sp. (Montana, USA; BMNH
collection, leg. D Hille Ris Lambers); Cedoaphis incognita (as Aphis chipetae Hottes); [Macrosiphum sp.]; Nearctaphis
bakeri, kachena Key to aphids on Castilleja:- 1 ANT (of apt.) with secondary rhinaria …..2 - ANT without secondary rhinaria …..5 2 Head spiculose. SIPH 3-4 × cauda, which is
shorter than its basal width and bears more than 20 hairs …..Cedoaphis incognita - Head not spiculose. SIPH 0.8-2.2 × cauda which is
much longer than its basal width and bears 5-12 hairs …..3 3 SIPH 0.25-0.35 × BL, with a subapical zone
of polygonal reticulation …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae - SIPH 0.06-0.22 × BL, without any polygonal
reticulation …..4 4 R IV+V 1.7-2.5 × HT II, with 20-25 accessory
hairs. SIPH only weakly imbricated, 1.5-2.1 × cauda …..Nasonovia sampsoni - R IV+V 1.0-1.5 × HT II, with 6-10 accessory
hairs. SIPH strongly imbricated, with rows of spinules on the imbrications;
0.8-1.3 × cauda ….. Nasonovia castelleiae 5 SIPH smooth, head smooth, cauda helmet-shaped …..Brachycaudus helichrysi - SIPH imbricated or with rows of spinules. If head
smooth then cauda tongue-shaped …..6 6 SIPH imbricated and at least 0.1 × BL. Head
smooth. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu), which are absent from
or only sporadically present on 2-5 …..Aphis sp. (Montana, USA; BMNH
collection, leg. D Hille Ris Lambers) - SIPH spinulose and less than 0.09 × BL. Head
spiculose. ABD TERG 2-5 with MTu, 1 and 7 without MTu …..7 7 Second tarsal segments smooth or almost smooth …..Nearctaphis kachena - Second tarsal segments with distinct imbrication …..8 8 Dorsal abdominal hairs arising from dark
scleroites, and ABD TERG 7 and 8 with dark cross-bands. R IV+V usually
shorter than ANT V …..Nearctaphis bakeri - Dorsal abdomen without dark markings. R
IV+V usually longer than ANT V …..Nearctaphis hottesi Casuarina Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia Aphis
gossypii; [Lachnus ?tropicalis];
C. huegeliana Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae C. torulosa Aphis
(Toxoptera) aurantii Use
key to polyphagous
aphids . Catabrosa Poaceae Catabrosa
aquatica Cavariella
aquatica; Rhopalosiphum padi; Sipha glyceriae Use key to apterae of
grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria. Catalpa Bignoniaceae Catalpa
bignonioides Aphis aurantii, catalpae, gossypii; Myzus persicae C. hybrida Aphis aurantii, gossypii; Myzus
persicae C. ovata Aphis gossypii C. speciosa Aphis catalpae, [frangulae], gossypii Catalpa
sp. Aphis fabae, nerii, spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum
euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus Key to species
on Catalpa:- 1 Antennal tubercles well-developed .....go to key
to polyphagous
aphids - Antennal tubercles weakly developed .....2 2 SIPH and cauda both very dark .....go to key to polyphagous
aphids - Cauda pale or dusky, SIPH pale, dusky or dark
.....3 3 Alata usually without any secondary rhinaria on ANT
IV (rarely 1-2). Aptera with SIPH - Alata with 1-4
rhinaria on ANT IV. Aptera with SIPH usually paler towards base, and 1.10-1.35 × cauda .....Aphis
catalpae Catamixis Compositae Catamixis baccharoides [Acyrthosiphon
rubi] Catananche Compositae Catananche caerulea Protaphis terricola Catapodium Poaceae Catapodium
marinum Sipha glyceriae Catharanthus Apocynaceae Catharanthus roseus Aphis fabae, gossypii,
spiraecola; Macrosiphum euphorbiae, [stellariae]; Myzus
[certus], ornatus, persicae; [Nasonovia ribisnigri]; Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae; [Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae] Use key to polyphagous
aphids. Catharinea see Atrichum Polytrichaceae Catimbium see Alpinia Zingiberaceae Cattleya Orchidaceae Cattleya harrisoniana Cerataphis
orchidearum C.
lobata Sitobion
luteum C.
lueddemanniana Aphis
(Toxoptera) aurantii C.
speciosissima = C. lueddemanniana Cattleya
spp. Sitobion anselliae, luteum Use key to apterae of orchid-feeding aphids under Cymbidium. Catunaregam Rubiaceae Catunaregam
spinosa Aphis
(Toxoptera) aurantii; Myzus persicae C.
tomentosa Aphis spiraecola Use key to polyphagous aphids. Caucalis Apiaceae Caucalis anthriscus Cavariella aegopodii; Dysaphis crataegi ssp. aethusae C.
incognita = Agrocharis incognita C.
lappula = C. platycarpos C.
latifolia =Turgenia latifolia C. platycarpos Aphis [craccivora], fabae; Hyadaphis foeniculi; Semiaphis dauci Caucalis sp. Aphis
spp. (England, BMNH
collection; Turkey, BMNH collection) Key to aphids on Caucalis (and Turgenia):- 1 ABD TERG 8 with a supracaudal process. SIPH
clavate. ANT PT/BASE 0.7-1.25 …..Cavariella
aegopodii - No supracaudal process. SIPH tapering. ANT
PT/BASE 1.8-5.5 …..2 2 Cauda not longer than its basal width …..3 - Cauda much longer than its basal width …..4 3 SIPH dark. ANT III more than 2 × ANT V …..Dysaphis crataegi aethusae - SIPH pale/dusky. ANT III about 1.1 × ANT V …..Brachycaudus crassitibiae* 4 SIPH
and cauda mainly pale (SIPH often dark-tipped). Head spiculose, with ANT
tubercles well developed, their inner faces approximately parallel …..Aulacorthum solani - SIPH dark,
cauda pale, dusky or dark. Head not spiculose, ANT tubercles weakly
developed …..5 5 SIPH very small and flangeless, c.0.5 ×
cauda, with aperture slanted toward midline …..Semiaphis
dauci - SIPH at least 0.6 × cauda, with an evident flange …..6 6 SIPH at least somewhat swollen proximal to apex.
ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) …..7 - SIPH tapering, without any trace of swelling. ABD
TERG 1 and 7 with MTu .….8 7 SIPH clavate, 0.9-1.4 ×
cauda and 1.6-2.8 × HT II …..Hyadaphis foeniculi - SIPH
thick on basal half and slightly swollen proximal to apex (fig. 41b), 0.6-0.8
× cauda and 0.9-1.3 × HT II .....Hyadaphis coriandri 8 Dorsum without dark pigmentation . Cauda
pale or dusky, distinctly paler than SIPH …..Aphis gossypii - Dorsum with at least some dark pigmentation.
Cauda and SIPH equally dark …..9 9 ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.2. ABD TERG 2-4 without MTu.
Dorsal pigmentation when extensive fused between segments to form a shield.
ABD TERG 8 with only 2 hairs about equal in length to or shorter than ANT BD
III. Longest hairs on hind femur shorter than trochantro-femoral suture …..Aphis
sp. (Turkey, BMNH collection) - ANT PT/BASE 2.1-4.1 (if less than 2.4 then ABD
TERG 2-4 with MTu). Dorsal pigmentation consisting of segmentally-arranged
cross-bands, not fused between segments. ABD TERG 8 with 2-7 hairs much
longer than ANT BD III. Longest hairs on hind femur much longer than
trochantro-femoral suture …..10 10 ABD TERG 2-4 regularly with large papillate
MTu. R IV+V 0.17-0.18 mm, 1.2-1.5 × HT II. ANT
PT 1.7-1.9 × R IV+V …..Aphis
sp. (England, BMNH collection) - ABD TERG 2-4 irregularly with small MTu. R IV+V
0.12-0.165 mm, 0.9-1.1 × HT II. ANT PT 2.0-2.8 × R IV+V …..Aphis
fabae Cayaponia Cucurbitaceae Cayaponia sp. Delfinoia peruviana Cayratia Vitaceae Cayratia ibuensis Aphis gossypii C. japonica Aphis
gossypii; Greenidea cayratiae; Macrosiphoniella cayratiae Key to apterae on Cayratia:- 1 SIPH c.0.46-0.50× BL, with numerous long hairs …..Greenidea cayratiae - SIPH much shorter and without hairs …..2 2 SIPH with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation
extending for about half their lengths. ANT tubercles prominent Macrosiphoniella
cayratiae* - SIPH
without polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles weakly developed …..Aphis
gossypii Ceanothus Rhamnaceae Ceanothus cordulatus Illinoia ceanothi C. cuneatus Aphis ceanothi C. hirsutus = C.
oliganthus C. integerrimus Aphis ceanothi C. oliganthus Aphis ceanothi C. sanguineus Aphis ceanothi C. thyrsiflorus Aphis ceanothi C. velutinus Aphis boydstoni, ceanothi; Illinoia ceanothi Ceanothus spp. Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Neomyzus circumflexus Key to aphids on Ceanothus:- 1 ANT
tubercles weakly developed. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.8. SIPH and cauda dark. ABD
TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles …..2 - ANT
tubercles well developed. ANT PT/BASE longer. SIPH and cauda pale or dusky.
ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles …..3 2 Marginal tubercles small and only present on ABD TERG 1
and 7. Dorsal abdomen with large black presiphuncular sclerites, often linked
by a transverse sclerite on ABD TERG 6 …...Aphis ceanothi - Marginal
tubercles broad, nearly flat and present on all of ABD TERG 1-7. Dorsal abdomen pale, without any
presiphuncular sclerites …...Aphis boydstoni 3 SIPH very long and
thin, 2.2-3.1 × cauda; narrow in middle, with distal part dusky and somewhat
swollen, narrowing again before apex, with usually some subapical
reticulation …..Illinoia ceanothi - SIPH
less than 2.5 × cauda …..go
to key to
polyphagous aphids Cecropia Cecropiaceae Cecropia
peltata Aphis aurantii, gossypii, spiraecola C.
hondurensis =
C. peltata (Use key to polyphagous
aphids)
Cedrela Meliaceae Cedrela odorata West Indian or Mexican Cedar Aphis
(Toxoptera) aurantii C.
serrata [Chromaphis hirsutustibus] C. sinensis Aphis odinae (Use key to polyphagous
aphids.) Cedrus Cedars Pinaceae Cedrus
atlantica Cinara cedri, laportei; Schizolachnus pineti C. brevifolia Cinara cedri, laportei C. deodora Cinara cedri, confinis, curvipes, deodarae, indica, laportei; Illinoia
morrisoni;
[Mindarus abietinus]; [Stomaphis sp.] C.
libani Cinara cedri, curvipes, laportei Key to aphids on Cedrus:- 1 ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH long and tubular,
swollen distally .....Illinoia
morrisoni - ANT PT/BASE less than 1. SIPH are broad hairy cones
.....2 2 R V short, flask-shaped, pointed only at tip, hardly
longer than its basal width (fig. 69B).
SIPH cones with few hairs, in 1-2 rings around pore .....Schizolachnus
pineti - R V acutely pointed, dagger-shaped, usually twice or
more as long as its basal width (as in fig. 69A). SIPH cones large and dark
with numerous hairs
.....3 3 Antenna 5-segmented. Dorsal hairs of aptera
club-shaped, ornamented with numerous - Antenna 6-segmented. Dorsal hairs normal, pointed .....4
4 Hairs on body and appendages short; those on ANT III
maximally about as long as basal - Hairs mostly long; longest hairs on ANT III
maximally more than 2 × basal diameter of 5 BL 3.0 mm or less. Dorsal length of HT I distinctly
longer basal width (e.g. fig. 37B) .....6 - BL more than 3.0 mm. Dorsal length of HT I shorter
than basal width
.....7 6 Aptera with
0-1 secondary rhinaria on ANT III. ANT IV longer than ANT VI. ABD TERG 1-6
without any extensive dark sclerotisation .....Cinara
cedri - Aptera with c. 5 secondary
rhinaria on ANT III, ANT IV shorter than ANT VI, and ABD TERG 1-6 with an
extensive pattern of dark sclerotisation .....Cinara deodarae* 7 Aptera with HT II less than 4 × HT I. ANT III with
more than 40 long hairs, very few of these less than 2 × basal diameter of
segment. BL 3.8-7.8 mm
.....Cinara confinis - Aptera
with HT II 4 or more × HT I. ANT III with less than 30 hairs of very variable
length, often less than 2 × basal diameter of segment. BL c.3.3 mm .....Cinara
indica Ceiba (including
Chorisia) Malvaceae Ceiba
anfructosa Aphis gossypii C.
pentandra Aphis aurantii, gossypii C. speciosa Aphis citricidus, gossypii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae
Use key to polyphagous
aphids. Celastrus Celastraceae Celastrus articulatus Aphis [celastrii], gossypii; Pseudomegoura magnoliae C. flagellaris Aphis [celastrii], gossypii, odinae C. orbiculatus Aphis [celastrii], fabae, gossypii, odinae, spiraecola; Pseudomegoura magnoliae C. scandens [Acyrthosiphon pisum]; Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola; Aulacorthum
solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae C. strigillosus Aphis spiraecola Use key to polyphagous aphids. Celmisia Compositae Celmisia
glandulosa Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi Use key to polyphagous aphids. Celosia Amaranthaceae Celosia argentea Aphis fabae, gossypii; Myzus
persicae (incl. var. cristata) C. plumosa = C. argentea C. trigyna Aphis gossypii Celosia sp. Aphis spiraecola Use key to polyphagous aphids. Celtis Ulmaceae Celtis africana Aphis
aurantii C. aurantiaca Aphis gossypii;
Shivaphis szelegiewiczi C.
australis Aphis aurantii, craccivora, spiraecola; Myzus
persicae; Shivaphis
catalpinari, celti, celticola C. berteroana Aphis aurantii C. biondii Shivaphis catalpinari, celti, szelegiewiczi C.
bungeana Aphis aurantii,
craccivora, spiraecola; Shivaphis celti; C. caucasica = C.
australis C. cinnamomia Shivaphis celti
C. eriocarpa = C.
australis C. formosana Aulacorthum solani C. hamiltoni Shivaphis
celti C. iguanaea Aphis aurantii C.
japonica see sinensis C.
jessoensis Macromyzella celticola; Prociphilus oriens; Shivaphis
celti, tilisucta C. julianae Shivaphis celti, hangzhouensis C.
koraiensis [Myzocallis
carpini]; Shivaphis catalpinari, celti, tilisucta; Stomaphis
yanonis C. kunmingensis Shivaphis celti C. laevigata Shivaphis celti C. latifolia Aphis spiraecola C. nervosa Shivaphis celti
C.
occidentalis Aphis fabae;
[Drepanosiphum platanoidis]; [Phorodon
humuli]; Shivaphis celti;
[Tinocallis platani] C.
sinensis (incl. japonica) Aphis aurantii, [celtis],
craccivora, spiraecola; [Indomegoura indica]; Paracolopha
morrisoni; Pseudomegoura magnoliae; Shivaphis
catalpinari, celti, hangzhouensis, szelegiewiczi, tilisucta; Stomaphis
yanonis C. tala Aphis gossypii C.
tetrandra (incl.
var. Shivaphis
celti; Sumatraphis celti hamiltoni) C. triandra Shivaphis celti C.
willdenowiana = C. sinensis Celtis
sp. [Sumatraphis
tubercaudatus] Key to species on Celtis:- (The separation of Shivaphis spp. in couplets
6-10 is largely based on Quednau 2003.) 1 ANT PT/BASE more than 1
.....2 - ANT PT/BASE less than 1
.....3 2 Head
with well-developed, scabrous, apically convergent antennal tubercles. SIPH
cylindrical with a well-developed flange and 2-4 subapical rows of polygonal
reticulation …..
Macromyzella celticola - Without
that combination of characters …..go to
key to
polyphagous aphids, but note that populations running to Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii may be A. (T.) celtis (described
as having alatae with 3-4 rhinaria on ANT IV) 3 (Alata emerging in spring from galls or leaf-nests.)
Media of forewing unbranched .....4 - (Apterae and alatae free-living.) Media of forewing
of alata once- or twice-branched
.....5 4 (Alata
from closed gall.) BL less than 3 mm. Hind wing with one oblique vein.
Secondary .....Paracolopha morrisoni - (Alata from leaf-nest.) BL more than 4 mm. Hind wing
with 2 oblique veins arising from a common base. Secondary rhinaria on ANT
III-V (not VI), narrowly transverse but not 5 BL more than 4mm. Rostrum longer than body .....Stomaphis
yanonis - BL less than 3 mm. Rostrum shorter than
body
.....6 6 Antenna 4-segmented in aptera, 5-segmented in alata
(where known). Posterior abdomen with marginal processes. SIPH tubular,
swollen, constricted apically, and with a subapical ring of 4 hairs (fig. 38A) .....Sumatraphis
celti - Antenna 6-segmented. Abdomen without marginal
processes. SIPH are pores, very small cones, or truncate, without a ring of
hairs
.....7 7 Forewing of alata with the membrane between media
and Cu1a not bridged by a band of pigment. ANT PT very short,
about 3 times as long as wide or less. Apterous viviparae as well as alatae
present …..8 - Forewing
of alata with the membrane between media and Cu1a bridged by a
band of pigment. ANT PT short, but at least 6 × longer than its maximum
width. All adult viviparae are alate …..9 8 Apical part of cauda a rounded knob (fig. 38B).
ANT III of alata with rhinaria in a line extending over most of length of
segment. Fore coxae weakly enlarged, not visible from above at sides of
pronotum .....Shivaphis
catalpinari - Apical part of cauda finger-like, rather irregular
in shape (fig. 38C). Alata with secondary rhinaria concentrated on central
part of ANT III. Fore coxae strongly enlarged, visible from above at sides of
pronotum .....Shivaphis
celti 9 SIPH as truncate cones about as long as their
midlength width (fig. 38D).
Membrane between media and Cu1a of
forewing bridged by a band of pigment that is broader than long. Dorsal abdomen
with a complete series of spinal wax pore plates …..10 - SIPH as
very short cones, much shorter than wide, or merely as raised pores (figs
38E, F). Membrane between media and Cu1a
of forewing with a bridging band of pigment that is not broader
than long. Dorsal abdomen with spinal wax pore plates only well developed on
ABD TERG 1, 2 and 8
…..11 10 ANT
PT/BASE 0.64-0.79. R IV+V 0.155-0.163 mm long, 1.04-1.17 × HT II, and
bearing 11-15
accessory hairs. Apices of tibiae spiculose .....Shivaphis (Sinishivaphis) hanzhouensis - ANT
PT/BASE 0.41-0.60. R IV+V 0.090-0.098 mm long, about 0.75 × HT II, and
bearing 9-10 accessory hairs. Apices of tibiae smooth .....Shivaphis
(Sinishivaphis) tilisucta 11 ANT PT/BASE 0.29-0.40 .....Shivaphis
(Sinishivaphis) celticola - ANT
PT/BASE 0.42-0.50 .....Shivaphis
(Sinishivaphis) szelegiewiczi Cenchrus Poaceae Cenchrus
bifloris Aphis gossypii C. brownii Sipha flava C.
ciliaris Hysteroneura setariae; Pseudaphis sijui; [Pterasthenia shiraensis]; Rhopalosiphum maidis; Sipha flava; Sitobion africanum; Tetraneura
fusiformis C.
echinatus Hysteroneura
setariae;
Rhopalosiphum maidis; Tetraneura fusiformis C. incertus Rhopalosiphum padi; Sipha flava C. pauciflorus = C.
incertus C. setigerus Hysteroneura setariae; Tetraneura
fusiformis Use key to apterae of
grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria. Cenolophium Apiaceae Cenolophium
denudatum Aphis fabae, umbelliferarum; Cavariella aegopodii; Semiaphis horvathi, sphondylii C. fischeri = C.
denudatum Use key to apterae on Peucedanum. Centaurea (incl. Cyanus) Compositae Centaurea
adpressa = C. scabiosa ssp. adpressa C. africana Aphis gossypii C.
ambigua Uroleucon jaceae C.
americana Aphis fabae; Myzus persicae C. alpestris = C. scabiosa ssp. alpestris C. apiculata = C. scabiosa ssp. alpestris C.
arenaria Acaudinum centaureae; Macrosiphoniella staegeri; [Protaphis sp.]; Uroleucon jaceae C. argentea [Aphis sp. – Leonard 1972a, 99] C.
aristata (incl langeana) Aphis craccivora;
Macrosiphoniella staegeri; Paczoskia obtecta; Protaphis terricola; Uroleucon jaceae, jaceicola C. aspera Paczoskia obtecta; Protaphis hartigi, terricola C. atropurpurea Aphis fabae; Uroleucon jaceae C. balsamita = Stizolophus balsamita C. behen Acaudinum beheni; Myzus persicae; Uroleucon jaceae C. biebersteinii Macrosiphoniella staegeri; Uroleucon jaceae C. bracteata Macrosiphoniella staegeri; Uroleucon jaceae C. caerulescens = C. hanryi C.
calcitrapa Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus cardui; Myzus persicae; Protaphis centaurea, hartigi, terricola; Uroleucon jaceae C. carpatica = C. phrygia ssp. carpatica C. cephalariifolia = C. scabiosa ssp. cephalariifolia C. cheiranthifolia Aphis solanella C. collina Uroleucon jaceae C. crocodylium Aphis fabae; Uroleucon jaceae C. cyanoides (?) Brachycaudus helichrysi C.
cyanus (= Cyanus segetum) Aphis fabae, magnopilosa, solanella, Aphis sp.
(Italy, BMNH collection); Aulacorthum palustre, solani; Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi; [Hyalopteroides humilis]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ascalonicus, persicae,ornatus; [Nasonovia ribisnigri]; Paczoskia obtecta; Protaphis terricola; Uroleucon
compositae, [hypochoeridis], jaceae group, [montanivorum], [sonchi]; [Volutaphis
centaureae] C. dealbata Brachycaudus cardui;
Uroleucon pepperi C. debeauxii Uroleucon jaceae C. depressa Protrama flavescens, radicis; Uroleucon jaceae C. deusta Macrosiphoniella staegeri; Uroleucon jaceae C.
diffusa Macrosiphoniella papillata; Protaphis middletonii, terricola; Uroleucon
jaceae C. hanryi Protaphis
alexandrae, hartigi; Uroleucon
jaceae C. hyalolepis Aphis craccivora; Brachycaudus
helichrysi C. hyrcanica Uroleucon jaceae C.
iberica Aphis fabae, gossypii, magnopilosa,
solanella; Protrama radicis, [radicis ssp. asiatica]; Protaphis alexandrae, terricola; [Trama
caudata]; Uroleucon jaceae C. incana
= C.
pubescens C. indurata = C. phrygia ssp. indurata C.
jacea (incl. ssp. banatica) Acaudinum centaureae, longisetosum; Aphis fabae, solanella; Brachycaudus cardui; Dysaphis centaureae; Paczoskia obtecta; Trama troglodytes; Uroleucon jaceae, jaceicola C. kotschyana Uroleucon jaceae C. lanulata Myzus persicae C. macrocephala Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae C. macroptilon Trama troglodytes C.
maculosa Dysaphis centaureae; Macrosiphoniella
staegeri; Protaphis terricola group C. majorovii Uroleucon jaceicola C.
melitensis Acaudinum centaureae; Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus helichrysi; Protaphis terrcicola; Uroleucon jaceae C. micranthos = C. biebersteinii C. mollis = Cheirolophus sempervirens C. monantha = Stemmacantha uniflora C. montana Aphis fabae; Uroleucon
montanivorum C.
moschata Aphis fabae, solanella; Brachycaudus cardui; Myzus persicae; Uroleucon compositae C.
napifolia Brachycaudus
cardui, helichrysi; Protaphis
terricola; Uroleucon
jaceae C. nicaeensis = C. sicula C.
nigra Acaudinum centaureae; Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi; Myzus cymbalariae; Trama troglodytes; Uroleucon jaceae group, jaceicola C. nigrescens Myzus persicae; Protaphis middletonii; Uroleucon jaceae C.
orientalis Acaudinum centaureae; Aphis fabae; Myzus persicae; Uroleucon jaceae C. ornata Uroleucon
jaceae C. oxylepis = C. macroptilon C. pallescens Aphis craccivora; Myzus
persicae; Uroleucon jaceae C.
paniculata Acaudinum longisetosum; Brachycaudus helichrysi; Macrosiphoniella
papillata, staegeri; Uroleucon jaceae, jaceicola, jaceicola ssp.
pasqualei (?) C. pannonica Uroleucon jaceae, jaceae ssp. henrichi C. pelia Acaudinum
centaureae; Aphis
fabae C. perrottetti Aphis gossypii C.
phrygia (incl. carpatica, Dysaphis centaureae;
indurata,
melanocalathia, Uroleucon jaceae, jaceae ssp. henrichi and ssp. reticulatum;
salicifolia,
stenolepis) [Volutaphis centaureae] C. picris = Rhaponticum repens C.
procurrens Brachycaudus
helichrysi; Paczoskia
obtecta; Uroleucon jaceae C. pseudophrygia = C. phrygia ssp. melanocalathia C. pubescens Brachycaudus helichrysi C. pulchella = Hyalea pulchella C. pullata Brachycaudus helichrysi C. rhenana = C. stoebe C. riaeana Brachycaudus helichrysi C.
ruthenica Acaudinum
centaureae; Aphis
gossypii; Macrosiphoniella staegeri; Protaphis alexandrae; Uroleucon jaceae C.
scabiosa (incl. adpressa, Acaudinum
centaureae, longisetosum; alpestris, apiculata, Aphis fabae, Aphis spp.
(BMNH colln, Italy and Sweden);
cephalariifolia, sadleriana, Dysaphis
centaureae; [Macrosiphum rosae]; tenuifolia) Paczoskia obtecta; Protaphis hartigi, terricola; Protrama flavescens, radicis; Trama centaureae, troglodytes; Uroleucon
jaceae, jaceae ssp. henrichi,
jaceae ssp. reticulatum, jaceicola, [picridis] C. sempervirens = Cheirolophus sempervirens C. sergii Uroleucon
jaceae C. sibirica Protaphis alexandrae C. sicula Brachycaudus
cardui, helichrysi; Uroleucon
compositae C.
solstitialis Acaudinum bulgaricum; Brachycaudus cardui; Macrosiphoniella papillata; Paczoskia obtecta; Protaphis alexandrae, hartigi, terricola; Uroleucon jaceae group C.
sphaerocephala (incl. Acaudinum centaureae; Protaphis terricola; polyacantha) Uroleucon jaceae C. spinabadia = C. hanryi C. squarrosa = C. virgata ssp. squarrosa C. stenolepis = C. phrygia ssp. stenolepis C.
stoebe Acaudinum longisetosum, roumanicum; Aphis fabae; Dysaphis
centaureae; Macrosiphoniella staegeri; Protaphis hartigi, terricola, Protaphis sp.
(BMNH colln, Czech Republic and Switzerland); Protrama radicis; Trama centaureae, troglodytes; Uroleucon jaceae, jaceae ssp. reticulatum, jaceicola C. trichocephala Uroleucon jaceicola C. triumfetti (incl. aligera) Aphis fabae; Paczoskia
obtecta; Uroleucon jaceae,
jaceicola C. vallesiaca Macrosiphoniella staegeri C.
virgata (incl. ssp. squarrosa) Acyrthosiphon ilka; Aphis magnopilosa Macrosiphoniella papillata, staegeri, [Macrosiphoniella (Papillomyzus) sp. (Kadyrbekov 2014e)]; Protaphis alexandrae, [elatior], magnopilosa, terricola, Protaphis sp. (Kadyrbekov 2005b); Protrama
radicis; Uroleucon
jaceae, jaceae ssp. reticulatum, jaceicola, jaceicola ssp. kirgisica C. vochinensis = C. nigrescens Centaurea
spp. Abstrusomyzus
phloxae; [Brachycaudus sp. nr. pruniavium; Bodenheimer & Swirski 1957, 338]; Capitophorus eleaegni; Macrosiphoniella iranica, riedeli; Neomyzus circumflexus; Rectinasus buxtoni; Smynthurodes betae; [Titanosiphon dracunculi]; [Trama rara]; [Uroleucon erigeronense] Key to apterae on Centaurea:- 1 Antennae
densely hairy; e.g. base of last antennal segment with more than 20 hairs …..2
- Antennae
less hairy; base of last antennal segment with less than 10 hairs ..…6 2 HT II
greatly elongated, more than 0.5 × hind tibia …...3 - HT II
of normal length …..5 3 SIPH
present as large pores on low pigmented cones. Most apterae alatiform, with
dark dorsal markings. ANT PT/BASE 0.4-0.6 …..4 - SIPH
absent. Apterae without dark dorsal markings. ANT PT/BASE 0.14-0.3 .....Trama centaureae or Trama troglodytes 4 HT II 0.72-0.87 × length of hind tibia.
Hind tibia 5.0-6.4 × ANT IV. R IV with 8-12 accessory (dorsal) hairs ….. Protrama radicis - HT II
0.50-0.70 × length of hind tibia. Hind tibia 6.5-9.2 × ANT IV. R IV with 6-8
accessory (dorsal) hairs …..Protrama flavescens 5 ANT V BASE and R
IV+V both very long, respectively about 1.7 and 2.5 × width of head between
antennal bases. ANT II similar in length to ANT I, much shorter than III .….Rectinasus buxtoni - ANT V BASE and R
IV+V of normal length , both about 0.5 × width of head between antennal
bases. ANT II about twice as long as ANT I, similar in length to III ..…Smynthurodes betae 6 SIPH dark
with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation. ANT III with 2-86 rhinaria …..7 - SIPH pale or dark,
if dark then without any polygonal reticulation. ANT III with 0-10 rhinaria ....17 7 ANT III
with only 2-8 rhinaria on basal half. SIPH 0.9-1.3 × cauda. Crescent-shaped
antesiphuncular sclerites present …..Macrosiphoniella staegeri - ANT III with 8-86
rhinaria. SIPH 1.05-2.8 × cauda. Antesiphuncular sclerites present or absent …..8 8 Dorsal
abdominal hairs all arising from pale tubercles …..9 - Dorsal
abdominal hairs all or mostly arising from dark scleroites …..11 9 Hind
tibiae with extensive pale middle regions. Hind femora dappled pale and dark,
with a pale distal spot …..Macrosiphoniella
iranica - Hind tibiae wholly
black. Hind femora black over distal 0.5 or more of length …..10 10 Femora
pale over basal 0.3-0.5 of length …..Macrosiphoniella riedeli - Femora pale over
only basal 0.1-0.2 of length …..Macrosiphoniella papillata 11 Bases of SIPH
almost ringed by large semicircular presiphuncular, and less extensive
postsiphuncular, sclerites …..Paczoskia obtecta - Presiphuncular
sclerites absent or fragmented …..12 12 Coxae and cauda
pale. SIPH 1.2-1.6 × cauda, which bears 23-39 hairs …..Uroleucon pepperi - Coxae
dark. Cauda pale or dark, but if pale then cauda bears 7-18 hairs …..13 13 ANT I
bearing 10-15 hairs. SIPH pale in summer and dark in early spring, 2.0-3.0 ×
the pale cauda which bears 8-18 hairs …..Uroleucon jaceicola (s. str.) - ANT I bearing
6-8 hairs. SIPH 1.4-2.6 × cauda which is pale or dark, but if pale bears 7-11
hairs …..14 14 SIPH
1.8-2.6 × the pale cauda which bears 7-11 hairs …..Uroleucon
mongolicum - SIPH
1.4-2.2 × the dark cauda which bears 12-30 hairs …..15 15 Tibiae
wholly dark. Hind femora with basal half pale and distal half dark, with a
rather sharp transition between. ANT III with 16-54 rhinaria often confined
to basal half (but up to 81 rhinaria
extending over 0.85 of ANT III in alatiform specimens with rudimentary ocelli
occurring when alatae are being produced in early summer). SIPH 1.4-1.8 ×
cauda …..Uroleucon jaceae - Tibiae with paler
middle section. Hind femora pale over either much more or much less than half
of length. ANT III with 40-86 rhinaria extending over more than half of
length. SIPH 1.7-2.2
× cauda …..16 16 R IV+V 1.1-1.4 ×
HT II. Femora mainly dark, only pale on basal 0.2-0.3 of length …..Uroleucon compositae - R IV+V 1.6-1.9 ×
HT II. Femora pale over basal 0.67-0.75 of length …..Uroleucon montanivorum 17 Cauda
very broadly rounded, crescent-shaped, with length much less than half of its
basal width …..18 - Cauda
helmet-shaped, triangular, tongue- or finger-shaped, with length more than
half of its basal width …..22 18 SIPH
2.3-4.0 × HT II, with minimum width not greater than width of hind tibia at
midlength. Subgenital plate with 10-24 hairs on its anterior half …..19 - SIPH
usually 1.6-2.5 × HT II, with minimum width clearly greater than width of
hind tibia at midlength. Subgenital plate with 2-4 hairs on anterior half …..21 19 Femoral
and trochantral hairs, and those on anterior abdominal sternites, short and
blunt, maximally 0.4 × trochantro-femoral suture …..Acaudinum centaureae - Femoral, trochantral and ventral body
hairs long, with finely pointed apices; not much shorter than
trochantro-femoral suture …..20 20 HT II
0.136-0.177 mm, and SIPH 0.49-0.75 mm, the product of the two lengths (HT II
× SIPH) being 0.080-0.115 …..Acaudinum longisetosum - HT II 0.125-0.150 mm, and SIPH 0.34-0.53
mm, HT II × SIPH being 0.042-0.077 …..Acaudinum roumanicum 21 Femoral and
trochantral hairs long and finely-pointed, maximally
0.7-1.05 × trochantro-femoral suture. SIPH 0.50-0.58 × ANT PT. (Al. without secondary
rhinaria on ANT IV) …..Acaudinum beheni - Femoral and
trochantral hairs short, mostly blunt, maximally 0.4 × trochantro-femoral
suture. SIPH 0.39-0.49 × ANT PT. (Al. with 2-6 secondary rhinaria on ANT IV) …..Acaudinum bulgaricum 22 Cauda
helmet-shaped or triangular, 0.7-1.35 × its basal width …..23 - Cauda
tongue- or finger-shaped, more than 1.4 × its basal width …..28 23 ABD
TERG 1 and 7 always with marginal tubercles (MTu), larger than any MTu that
may be present on other abdominal segments. Spinal tubercles (STu) absent.
Cauda bluntly triangular, without any basal constriction …..24 - ABD
TERG 1 and 7 either without MTu, or MTu are present in association with
similar large flat MTu on most other abdominal segments, and commonly also
with STu on head and ABD TERG 7-8. Cauda helmet-shaped or pentagonal, often
somewhat constricted at base …..26 24 SIPH as
short cones, clearly shorter than their basal widths and also clearly shorter
than (about 0.6 ×) cauda. MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 thin and tapering …..Xerobion
zoijae* - SIPH as short tubes, cylindrical or slightly
tapering, about as long as or longer than their basal widths and at least 0.7
× cauda. MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 quite large and broad-based …..25 25 ANT PT/BASE
0.7-1.2. Dorsal abdominal pigmentation variable but never with dark
cross-bands on all tergites …..Protaphis terricola group (incl. alexandrae, centaurea, hartigi,
hyaleae and an undescribed species on Centaurea
rhenana in C Europe) - ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.3. Dorsal abdominal
pigmentation variable but often comprising complete or fragmented dark
cross-bands on all tergites …..Protaphis middletonii group 26 Large, flat MTu present on most segments,
their diameters very much greater than that of spiracular apertures, which
are broadly reniform and contiguous on ABD TERG 1 and 2. STu
often present on head and ABD TERG 7-8 …..Dysaphis centaureae - MTu and
STu only intermittently or rarely present and much smaller than spiracular
apertures, which are large and rounded and not contiguous on ABD TERG 1 and 2 …..27 27 Dorsum with an extensive black shield. SIPH dark, imbricated, 1.7-3.4
× cauda. ANT III 0.31-0.47 mm, 2.4-3.4 × HT II …..Brachycaudus
cardui - Dorsum without dark markings. SIPH pale, smooth-surfaced,
0.8-1.5 × cauda. ANT III 0.07-0.25 mm, 0.9-2.2 × HT II …..Brachycaudus
helichrysi 28 Well-developed rounded marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG
2-5, as well as very large ones on 1 and 7. R IV+V about equal in length to
ANT III …..Aphis
sp. (Italy, BMNH collection) - Papilliform
MTu absent or sporadically present on ABD TERG 2-4; only ever consistently
present on ABD TERG 1 and 7. R IV+V much shorter than ANT III …..29 29 SIPH 1.9-2.2 × the similarly dark cauda. Papilliform MTu usually
present on at least some of ABD TERG 2-4 …..Aphis
sp. (Sweden, BMNH collection) - SIPH 0.7-2.5 × cauda, but if more than 1.8 × then
either SIPH and cauda are both pale or cauda is distinctly paler than dark SIPH,
and MTu are rarely present on ABD TERG 2-4 …..30 30 Cauda black with 6-8 hairs, and dorsum pale with only a dusky band on
ABD TERG 8. R IV+V 1.2-1.3 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-1.95 .....Aphis sp. (Italy, BMNH
collection) - Cauda pale or dark; if
black and with only 6-8 hairs then
dorsum has extensive black sclerotisation, R IV+V is 0.8-1.0 × HT II and ANT
PT/BASE 1.9-3.6 …..31 31 ANT tubercles well-developed with
smooth, divergent inner faces. SIPH
without subapical polygonal reticulation …..32 - Without that combination of characters. If ANT tubercles are well-developed then either they are steep-sided and somewhat spiculose or scabrous, or SIPH have subapical polygonal
reticulation …..33 32 Dorsal hairs thick and capitate, as long as ANT BD III or longer …..Capitophorus elaeagni - Dorsal hairs small
and inconspicuous …..
Acyrthosiphon ilka 33 ANT tubercles well-developed, their inner faces
steep-sided and slightly scabrous or spiculose. Head capsule without spicules
dorsally, but slightly spiculose ventrally. ANT III with 1-3 small rhinaria
near base. SIPH without polygonal reticulation …..Aulacorthum
palustre - Without
that combination of characters. If ANT tubercles are well-developed, then either head is markedly spinulose at least ventrally, with
inner faces of ANT tubercles markedly scabrous and parallel or apically
convergent, or SIPH have several
rows of subapical polygonal reticulation.
ANT III with 0-10 rhinaria .....go to key to
polyphagous aphids (specimens
running to Aphis fabae could be A. magnopilosa Nevsky) Centaurium (including
Erythraea) Gentianaceae Centaurium
erythraea Aphis gentianae; Myzus cerasi, erythraeae; Sciamyzus cymbalariae C. littorale Myzus cerasi C. pulchellum Aphis gentianae C. tenuiflorum Brachyunguis harmalae C.
umbellatum = C. erythraea C. vulgare = C.
littorale Key to apterae on Centaurium:- 1. ANT
PT/BASE 0.4-0.7. SIPH 0.3-0.6 × cauda …..Brachyunguis harmalae - ANT
PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH as long as or longer than cauda …..2 2 Head smooth, ANT
tubercles weakly developed, front of head straight or sinuous in dorsal view.
Large, domed marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 1-5 and 7 …..Aphis gentianae - Head
scabrous/spinulose, ANT tubercles well-developed, scabrous, their inner faces
convergent. Small MTu irregularly present on ABD TERG 1-4, never on 7 …..3 3. SIPH black, tapering/cylindrical,
more than 0.2 × BL and longer than ANT III …..Myzus erythraeae (= cerasi?) - SIPH pale/dusky,
slightly swollen on distal half, less than 0.2 × BL and shorter than ANT III …..Myzus cymbalariae Centotheca Poaceae Centotheca
lappacea Pentalonia gavarri (as nigronervosa?) C. latifolia = C.
lappacea C. mucronata Pseudoregma panicola Use key to apterae
of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria. Centranthus Valerianaceae C.
angustifolius Aphis fabae, spiraephaga; Macrosiphum euphorbiae, rosae C.
calcitrapa Aphis fabae, solanella; Macrosiphum rosae, euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus C. coccineus see C.
ruber C. macrosiphon Aphis craccivora; Macrosiphum rosae; Myzus persicae C.
ruber (incl. var. coccineus) Aphis fabae, gossypii, solanella, spiraecola, spiraephaga; Macrosiphum centranthi, euphorbiae, rosae; Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae Key to apterae on Centranthus:- 1 SIPH
with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation …..2 - SIPH
without polygonal reticulation …..4 2 Head
and ANT I-II dark. SIPH wholly dark …..Macrosiphum rosae - Head
and ANT I-II pale. SIPH pale at least at their bases …..3 3 Apices of femora and
SIPH dark. ANT 1.3-1.7 × BL. Longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 33-50 mm long.
Cauda with 11-19 hairs …..Macrosiphum centranthi - Apices
of femora and SIPH pale/dusky. ANT 0.9-1.4 × BL. Longest hairs on ABD TERG 3
are 20-37 mm long.
Cauda with 8-12 hairs …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae 4 Head
spiculose, with well-developed, steep-sided or apically convergent ANT
tubercles. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) …..go
to key to
polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 5 - Head
not spiculose, ANT tubercles weakly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu …..5 5 Abdomen without
any dark markings on ABD TERG 1-6, and without or with only a small
lightly-pigmented sclerites on ABD TERG 8, or 7 and 8 …..6 - Abdomen with either a dark
dorsal shield or at least some scattered dark markings on ABD TERG 1-6,
following the polygonal pattern of reticulation of the cuticle, and usually
with dark transverse sclerites on ABD TERG 7 and 8 …..7 6 Cauda paler than SIPH, and bearing 4-7(-8)
hairs. Longest hind femoral hairs only 0.4-0.7 × diameter of
trochantro-femoral suture …..Aphis gossypii - Cauda as dark as SIPH, usually with a
midway constriction, and bearing 7-15 hairs. Longest hind femoral hairs more
than 0.8 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture …..Aphis spiraecola 7 Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid
black sclerite centred on ABD TERG 4-5. Cauda rather pointed and bearing 4-7
hairs .....Aphis craccivora - Dorsal
abdomen often with variably developed dark markings, but without an extensive
black sclerite. Cauda rounded apically and bearing 7-27 hairs …..8 8 Longest hairs on
ANT III 0.5-0.9 × BD III. R IV+V 0.65-0.92 × HT II. SIPH 0.7-1.1 × cauda.
Femora pigmented throughout length …..Aphis spiraephaga - Longest hairs on
ANT III 0.8-3.4 × BD III. R IV+V 0.9-1.4 × HT II. SIPH 0.8-1.9 ×
cauda. Femora with unpigmented section at base …..Aphis fabae or A. solanella (for
separation of these two species see couplet 35 of polyphagous
aphids key) Centrosema Leguminosae Centrosema arenarium Aphis gossypii; Microparsus brasiliensis C. pubescens Aphis craccivora Key for apterae on
Centrosema:- 1 ANT
tubercles well-developed. SIPH with basal half pale, distal half dark and
slightly clavate. (Alatae with black-bordered wing veins) …..Microparsus brasiliensis - ANT
tubercles weakly developed. SIPH tapering, wholly dark …..2 2 Dorsal
abdomen with an extensive dark sclerite. Cauda dark …..Aphis craccivora - Dorsal abdomen
without dark markings. Cauda paler than SIPH …..Aphis gossypii Cephalanthera Orchidaceae Cephalanthera damasonium Aphis fabae, solanella C. longifolia Aulacorthum solani C. rubra Aphis
fabae Cephalanthera sp. Aphis craccivora Use key to polyphagous aphids, or try key to orchid-feeding aphids under Cymbidium. Cephalanthus Rubiaceae Cephalanthus
occidentalis Aphis cephalanthi Cephalaria Dipsacaceae C. corniculata = C. uralensis C. gigantea Aphis cephalariae; Dysaphis cephalarioides; Macrosiphum rosae C. joppensis Brachycaudus helichrysi C. joppica = C. joppensis C. leucantha Dysaphis cephalarioides C. syriaca Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae C. tatarica = C. gigantea C. uralensis Dysaphis cephalarioides; Macrosiphum rosae Key to apterae on Cephalaria:- 1 Head black with well-developed ANT tubercles, their inner faces smooth and divergent. SIPH long and black, 0.3-0.45 × BL, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation …..Macrosiphum rosae - Without
that combination of characters. If ANT tubercles are well developed then head
and SIPH are not black …..2 2 Large
flat marginal tubercles (MTu) present on thorax and ABD TERG 1-5 and 7 (and
some-times on 6), and similar spinal tubercles (STu) on head, pronotum, ABD
TERG 1, 7 and 8. Dorsal abdomen with dark sclerites …..Dysaphis cephalarioides - MTu
and STu if present then small and
tubercular and restricted to fewer segments. Dorsal abdomen with or without
dark sclerites …..3 3 Dorsum
with extensive dark sclerotisation varying from an almost solid carapace to
broad cross-bands (the latter in small midsummer specimens). Longest hairs on
ANT III 1.8-2.8 × BD III. ABD TERG 8 with 6-12 hairs and cauda with 12-20
hairs …..Aphis cephalariae - Without that combination of
characters …..go
to key to
polyphagous aphids Cephalonoplos see Cirsium Compositae Cephalotaxus Cephalotaxaceae Cephalotaxus
drupacea [Cinara longipennis]; Mindarus
japonicus Cerastium Caryophyllaceae C. alpinum Myzus certus, icelandicus, persicae,
polaris C. angustifolium = C. arvense C. arvense Aphis cerastii, sambuci; Aulacorthum solani; Brachycolus cerastii; Myzus ascalonicus, certus, cymbalariae; [Sitobion avenae]; Smynthurodes
betae C. biebersteinii Myzus cymbalariae C. caespitosum = C. fontanum ssp. vulgare C.
cerastoides Acyrthosiphon
ilka; Aphidura alatavica;
Macrosiphum stellariae C.
davuricum Brachycolus
cerastii; Macrosiphum
euphorbiae C.
diffusum Myzus
certus C.
edmonstonii = C. nigrescens C. fontanum (incl. Aphidura alatavica; Aulacorthum solani; holosteoides, triviale, vulgare) Brachycaudus helichrysi; Brachycolus cerastii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ascalonicus, certus, cymbalariae, persicae,
polaris C. glomeratum Abstrusomyzus phloxae; Aphis fabae; Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi; Brachycolus cerastii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ascalonicus, persicae C. holosteoides = C. fontanum ssp. vulgare C. ligusticum Myzus certus C. macranthum Myzus
cymbalariae C. nigrescens
Acyrthosiphon
auctum C. pumilum Myzus ascalonicus, certus, persicae C. semidecandrum Aulacorthum
solani; Myzus ascalonicus, certus,
persicae C. soleirolii Aphidura corsicensis C. sylvaticum Aulacorthum solani C.
tetrandrum = C. diffusum C.
tianshanicum Acyrthosiphon ilka; Aulacorthum solani C. tomentosum Aulacorthum solani; Brachycolus cerastii; Myzus ascalonicus, certus, cymbalariae C. triviale = C. fontanum ssp.
vulgare C. uniflorum Thecabius cerastii C. vulgatum =C. glomeratum Cerastium spp. [Nasonovia brevipes] Key to apterae on Cerastium:- 1 ANT
PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH absent …..2 - ANT
PT/BASE more than 1.5. SIPH present, tubular (sometimes small) …..3 2 Primary rhinaria ringed with short hairs. Dorsal abdomen with wax pore plates …..Thecabius cerastii - Primary rhinaria with sclerotic, hairless rims. Dorsal abdomen without wax pore plates …..Smynthurodes betae 3 Head
smooth or wrinkled, or with a few spicules on ventral side only …..4 - Head
densely spiculose or nodulose …..15 4 SIPH
very small, flangeless, conical or barrel-shaped, less than 0.3 × cauda …..5 - SIPH
more than 0.7 × cauda …..6 5 ABD
TERG 8 with a small rounded median process bearing two hairs. R IV+V at least
0.9 × HT II, and longer than ANT IV …..Brachycolus cerastii - ABD TERG 8 without a median process. R IV+V 0.55-0.72 × HT II, shorter than ANT IV …..Brachycolus stellariae 6 ABD
TERG 1 and 7 (at least) with marginal tubercles (MTu) …..7 - ABD
TERG 1 and 7 without MTu …..9 7 MTU absent from ABD TERG 2-4, or only intermittently present and small on these segments …..Aphis fabae - Large MTu present on ABD TERG 2-4 as
well as 1 and 7 …..8 8 SIPH
uniformly dark, 2.1-3.5 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 2.1-2.9 …..Aphis
sambuci - SIPH paler at bases, less than 2 × cauda (?). ANT PT/BASE 3.2-3.6 …..Aphis cerastii* 9 Cauda
short, helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width. SIPH with a subapical
annular incision. Spiracular apertures large and rounded …..Brachycaudus
helichrysi - Cauda
tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width. Spiracular apertures reniform …..10 10 SIPH with polygonal reticulation on subapical 0.12-0.20 of length …..11 - SIPH
without any distinct zone of polygonal reticulation …..12 11 Femora usually with a dark spot or patch near
apices (Fig.51a).
ABD TERG 2-3 with longest hair 26-56 μm, usually as long as or longer
than ANT BD III. Subgenital plate with 2-13 hairs in addition to those on
posterior margin .....Macrosiphum stellariae - Femora pale or only
slightly dusky at apices. ABD TERG 2-3 with longest hair 21-37 μm,
usually shorter than ANT BD III. Subgenital plate with 2(-4) hairs on
anterior part .....Macrosiphum euphorbiae 12 Dorsal
abdomen with dark sclerotisation, either as separate sclerites at base of
dorsal hairs or as more extensive bars or broken patches. ANT shorter than
BL, and ANT III without rhinaria. SIPH dusky/dark, especially towards apices,
and slightly or distinctly swollen on distal half …..13 - Dorsal
abdomen without dark sclerotisation. ANT longer than BL. ANT III usually with
1-3 rhinaria near base. SIPH pale, tapering/cylindrical …..14 13 SIPH
with very slight distal swelling, and 1.8-2.0 × cauda. Dorsal abdomen with
separate rounded dark sclerites at bases of dorsal hairs …..Aphidura corsicensis - SIPH distinctly swollen on distal half, and 1.5-1.7
× cauda. Dorsal abdomen with variable but more extensive sclerotisation,
consisting of a broken spino-pleural patch or cross-bands …..Aphidura alatavica 14 SIPH
0.25-0.33 × BL, and 1.5-2.4 × cauda .....Acyrthosiphon ilka - SIPH
0.11-0.17 × BL, and 0.85-1.33 × cauda ..... Acyrthosiphon auctum 15 SIPH
tapering gradually from base to flange. ANT III usually with 1-2 small
rhinaria near base …..Aulacorthum solani - SIPH slightly to moderately swollen
distally. ANT III without rhinaria …..16 16 SIPH
0.54-0.81 × ANT III …..17 - SIPH
0.82-1.34 × ANT III …..18 17 Inner
faces of ANT tubercles approximately parallel in dorsal view. SIPH almost
smooth or weakly imbricated, with narrowest part of basal “stem” not wider than hind tibia at midlength.
Dorsal cuticle smooth or slightly wrinkled …..Myzus ascalonicus - Inner faces of ANT tubercles with convergent apices. SIPH heavily imbricated or scabrous, with narrowest part of stem a little wider than hind tibia at midlength. Dorsal cuticle scaly …..Myzus cymbalariae 18 ANT tubercles not apically convergent.
SIPH rather short and thick, dark, with width of narrowest part of stem more
than 0.13 of length. ANT 5- or 6-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE 1.1-2.8 …..Myzus polaris - ANT tubercles apically convergent,
or with apically convergent processes. SIPH pale or dusky with narrowest part
of stem less than 0.13 of length. ANT always 6-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE
2.6-5.1 …..19 19 ANT
tubercles themselves rather low, but with scabrous processes extending
forward from ANT bases. SIPH weakly swollen subapically (over about distal
0.25). Dorsum with an evident reticulate pattern …..Abstrusomyzus phloxae - ANT
tubercles broadly rounded, without forwardly-directed processes. SIPH
slightly to moderately swollen over about distal 0.5. Dorsum without a
reticulate pattern …..20 20 R IV+V in most specimens with only one pair of lateral accessory hairs (plus 0-3 ventral accessory hairs). Value of function CAUDA/(ANT III × PT) in range 0.80-1.52, but rarely more than 1.25 except in small specimens (those with ANT III less than 0.32 mm) …..Myzus persicae - R
IV+V in most specimens with two pairs of lateral accessory hairs. Value of
function CAUDA/(ANT III × PT) in range 1.2-2.7 (rarely less than 1.25) …..21 21 R
IV+V shorter than or about as long as (0.85-1.1 × ) ANT BASE VI …..Myzus certus - R
IV+V usually longer than (1.0-1.2 × ) ANT BASE VI …..Myzus
icelandicus Cerasus see Prunus Rosaceae Ceratocarpus Amaranthaceae Ceratocarpus arenarius Aphis craccivora Ceratocephalus Ranunculaceae Ceratocephalus
falcatus Dysaphis pulverina Ceratochloa see Bromus Poaceae Ceratoides Amaranthaceae Ceratoides ewersmanniana = Krascheninnikovia
ewersmanniana C. latens = Krascheninnikovia ceratoides C.
papposa = Krascheninnikovia ceratoides
Ceratonia Leguminosae Ceratonia. siliqua Carob Aphis
craccivora, gossypii Use key to polyphagous
aphids. Ceratophyllum Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum submersus Sipha glyceriae Ceratophyllum
sp. Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae Use key to apterae on Sagittaria. Ceratostigma Plumbaginaceae Ceratostigma
willmottianum Myzus ornatus, persicae Ceratotheca Pedaliaceae Ceratotheca
sesamoides Aphis gossypii Cercidiphyllum Cercidiphyllaceae Cercidiphyllum japonicum [Aphis
sp. (Leonard 1972, 99)] Aulacorthum cercidiphylli; Myzus persicae C. magnificum Aulacorthum
cercidiphylli Key to aphids on Cercidiphyllum:- - Inner faces of antennal tubercles parallel or
slightly divergent in dorsal view. ANT III of - Inner
faces of antennal tubercles convergent in dorsal view. ANT III of aptera
never with
Cercis Leguminosae Cercis
canadensis Longistigma caryae; Aphis pawneepae C.
chilensis Aulacorthum solani C. siliquastrum Judas Tree Aphis
craccivora, fabae, spiraecola; Myzus persicae Key to apterae on Cercis:- 1 BL more than 4 mm. ANT PT/BASE less than 1. Alata
with pterostigma extending around tip of forewing
.....Longistigma caryae - BL less
than 3 mm. ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5. Alata with pterostigma stopping short
of forewing tip
.....2 2 SIPH
short and dark, similar in length to the dark triangular cauda which bears c.20
hairs. ANT PT/BASE slightly less than 2. Prothorax with a pair of very large
marginal tubercles. Alata with 2-5 (commonly only 2) secondary rhinaria on
basal part of ANT III .....Aphis
pawneepae - Without
that combination of characters .....go
to key to
polyphagous aphids Cercocarpus Rosaceae Cercocarpus montanus Acyrthosiphon sp. nr pseudodirhodum; Aphis cercocarpi; Illinoia gracilicornis C. parvifolius = C. montanus Key to apterae on Cercocarpus:- 1 ANT shorter than BL. ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.3. SIPH dark, tapering, 0.10-0.15 × BL and 1.1-1.6 × cauda, which is also dark.. Black cross-bands often present on posterior abdomen. Marginal tubercles (MTu) constantly on ABD TERG 1 and 7, and sporadically on 2-6 …..Aphis cercocarpi - ANT
much longer than BL. ANT PT/BASE 3.6-6.0. SIPH, cauda and abdomen pale. MTu
always absent from ABD TERG 1 and 7, sporadically on 2-5 …..2 2 SIPH
c. 0.30-0.35 × BL and 2.7-2.9 × cauda; slightly swollen on distal third, with
polygonal reticulation distal to swollen part. R IV+V 1.3-1.4 × HT II .....Illinoia gracilicornis - SIPH 0.12-0.15 × BL and about equal in length to cauda, not swollen distally and without any polygonal reticulation. R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II ..... Acyrthosiphon sp. nr pseudodirhodum Cereus Cactaceae Cereus
nycticaulus = Selenicereus grandiflorus C.
triangularis Aphis
(Toxoptera) aurantii Cereus sp. Aphis gossypii Use key to polyphagous
aphids. Cerinthe Boraginaceae Cerinthe
glabra Brachycaudus cerinthis; Macrosiphum cerinthiacum C.
major Brachycaudus bicolor; Macrosiphum cerinthiacum C.
minor Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus bicolor, cerinthis; Macrosiphum cerinthiacum, euphorbiae, [stellariae] Key to apterae on Cerinthe:- 1 Cauda semi-circular or helmet-shaped,
shorter than its basal width. Spiracular apertures large and rounded. Dorsum
with broad dark transverse bands, separate or partially fused between
tergites. ANT tubercles undeveloped. ANT III without rhinaria. SIPH dark,
without polygonal reticulation …..2 - Without
that combination of characters …..3 2. Large, flat
marginal tubercles (MTu), usually larger than spiracles, present on all
thoracic segments and ABD TERG 1-7. SIPH about 2 × cauda, with a large flange …..Brachycaudus bicolor - MTu only irregularly present and always
smaller than spiracles. SIPH very short, conical, similar in length to or
shorter than cauda, with an undeveloped or small flange …..Brachycaudus cerinthis 3 ANT
tubercles well developed, smooth, with inner faces divergent. ANT III with
1-20 rhinaria. SIPH long, mostly pale, with a darker or duskier subapical zone
of polygonal reticulation; about 2 × the long finger-like cauda …..4 - Without
that combination of characters …..go
to key to
polyphagous aphids 4 Legs with dark spots near femoral apices.
ANT III with 8-20 rhinaria …..Macrosiphum cerinthiacum - Femora pale or
only slightly dusky at apices. ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae Cerinthodes Boraginaceae Cerinthodes
paniculatum see Mertensia
paniculata Ceropegia Apocynaceae Ceropegia
linearis ssp.
woodii = C.
woodii C.
radicans Aphis nerii C.
stapeliiformis Aphis nerii C. woodii Neomyzus circumflexus Use key to polyphagous
aphids. Ceropteris Polypodiaceae Ceropteris calomelanos Idiopterus nephrelepidis (or try key to
fern-feeding aphids under Polypodium) Cestrum Solanaceae Cestrum
aurantiacum Aphis fabae, spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani; Myzus persicae C.
diurnum Aphis aurantii, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani; Myzus persicae C. elegans Aphis fabae, spiraecola; Myzus persicae C. euanthes Aphis solanella; Myzus persicae C.
fasciculatum Aphis
aurantii, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi; [Greenideoida lutea]; Myzus ornatus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus C. laevigatum Aphis spiraecola C. laurifolium Aphis spiraecola C. leucocarpum = C.
nocturnum C. newellii = C.
fasciculatum C.
nocturnum Aphis aurantii, craccivora, fabae,
gossypii, solanella, spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani; [Eriosoma lanigerum]; Myzus
persicae C.
parqui Aphis
aurantii, fabae, solanella, spiraecola; Myzus persicae C. pseudoquina = C.
euanthes C. purpureum = C.
elegans Cestrum
spp. Aphis nasturtii, Aphis sp.(India, BMNH
collection); Pseudomegoura magnoliae; [Sitobion rosaeformis] Key to apterae on Cestrum:- - SIPH
and cauda both black, SIPH 0.8-0.9 × cauda which bears 6-8 hairs. ANT PT/BASE
1.6-1.95. R IV+V 1.1-1.3 × HT II …..
Aphis sp.(India, BMNH collection) - Without that
combination of characters …..go
to key to
polyphagous aphids Ceterach see Asplenium Aspleniaceae Ceterach officinarum see Asplenium ceterach Chaenactis Compositae Chaenactis
douglasii Uroleucon (Lambersius) sp. (western USA, BMNH collection) Chaenomeles Rosaceae Chaenomeles
japonica Aphis craccivora, fabae, frangulae, gossypii, nerii, pomi,
(incl. maulei) spiraecola, spiraephaga; Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi, [persicae]; Illinoia macgillivrayae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus, persicae; Ovatus insitus, malisuctus; Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae, [nymphaeae, padi] Ch.
lagenaria Aphis
gossypii, nerii, pomi, spiraecola; Brachycaudus helichrysi; Dysaphis sp. (Japan;
Stroyan 1985 and BMNH collection); Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae; [Sitobion sp. (Millar 1994)] Ch. maulei
= Ch. japonica Ch.
sinensis Aphis spiraecola; Myzus persicae; Ovatus insitus, Ovatus sp. near crataegarius (?malicolens; Korea,
BMNH collection and Japan, Moritsu 1983); Prociphilus chaenomelis; Pseudomegoura magnoliae; [Sappaphis piri] Ch.
speciosa Aphis citricidus, gossypii, pomi; Aulacorthum solani; Myzus ornatus, persicae; Ovatus malisuctus; Schizaphis chaenometicola; [Sitobion sp. (Millar 1994)] Ch. trichogyna = Ch.
japonica Key to apterae on Chaenomeles (except first couplet,
also applicable to alatae):- 1 ANT
PT/BASE less than 0.3. SIPH absent or as very small pores. Wax gland plates
on head, thorax and abdomen .....Prociphilus chaenomelis - ANT
PT/BASE more than 1.5. SIPH present,
tubular. No wax gland plates .....2 2 Head
with well-developed ANT tubercles, their inner faces scabrous or at least
somewhat spiculose, and steep-sided or apically convergent …..3 - Head
with ANT tubercles either absent or weakly developed, or very well developed
and smooth and divergent …..8 3 Genital plate
enlarged and produced posteriorly. SIPH dark, very coarsely imbricated …..Ovatus malisuctus - Genital
plate normal. SIPH pale, weakly to moderately imbricated …..4 4 ANT III
usually with 1-2 small rhinaria near base. Inner faces of antennal tubercles
spiculose, approximately parallel …..5 - ANT III
without rhinaria. Inner faces of ANT tubercles scabrous, convergent apically …..6 5 Dorsal
side of head almost devoid of
spicules. SIPH slightly clavate. Femora dark except at bases .....Pseudomegoura magnoliae - Head
densely spiculose dorsally as well as ventrally. SIPH tapering/ cylindrical
with no trace of swelling. Femora dark only at apices .....Aulacorthum solani 6 SIPH
slightly clavate. R IV+V 1.0-1.2 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 3.1-4.6 …..Myzus
persicae - SIPH
gradually tapering. R IV+V 1.25-1.5 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 4.2-6.1 .....7 7 ANT
PT/BASE 4.9-6.1 (Al. emigrant with sec. rhin. distributed ANT III 60-83, IV
36-42, V 13-22)
…..Ovatus insitus - ANT
PT/BASE 4.2-5.3. (Al. emigrant with sec. rhin. distributed ANT III 48-60, IV
26-38, V 10-15) .....Ovatus sp. (?malicolens) Korea, BMNH collection) 8 SIPH with a
subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles very well developed.
ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria. Body spindle-shaped …..9 - SIPH without
polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles weakly developed or absent. ANT III
without rhinaria. Body ovate …..10 9 SIPH swollen on
distal half, proximal to reticulated part. Hairs on ANT III all less than 0.4
× BD III .....Illinoia macgillivrayae - SIPH
cylindrical on distal half (sometimes with some constriction of reticulated
part). Hairs on ANT III 0.6-1.0 × BD III .....Macrosiphum euphorbiae 10 Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, clearly longer than its basal width. (Al. without a black dorsal abdominal patch) .…. |