HOST LISTS and KEYS

- SIPH black with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.17-0.25 of length. ANT PT/BASE 5.1-6.6. First tarsal segments all with 4 hairs …..Sitobion burundiense

- SIPH if black then without distal reticulation, and other characters do not apply

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Cassinia Compositae

Cassinia sp. Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Cassytha Lauraceae

C. filiformis Sinomegoura citricola

Castalia see Nymphaea Nymphaeaceae

Castanea Chestnuts Fagaceae

C. ashei Longistigma caryae; Patchia virginiana

C. bungeana Tuberculatus castanocallis, cereus, ceroerythros, kuricola,

margituberculatus

      C. crenata                                       Japanese Chestnut
                                                   Cervaphis quercus; Eutrichosiphum pasaniae, pallidum;
                                                   Greenidea kuwanai, magna, pallidipes;

[Kurisakia onigurumii]; Lachnus tropicalis;

[Macrosiphum kuricola Matsumura 1917, nomen dubium];

Mollitrichosiphon tenuicorpus; Myzocallis castanicola;

Myzocallis castanicola; Phylloxera castaneivora; Pseudomegoura magnoliae; [Nippolachnus piri];
Tuberculatus capitatus ssp. intermedius, kuricola

      C. dentata                                                American Chestnut
                                                  Myzocallis castaneae, castaneoides, castanicola;
                                                  Patchia virginiana; Phylloxera castaneae

C. formosana Eutrichosiphum tattakanum

C. henryi Lachnus tropicalis; Tuberculatus kuricola

C. mollissima [Aphis odinae]; Cervaphis quercus; Greenidea kuwanai;

Lachnus [quercihabitans], tropicalis;

Phylloxera castaneae, castaneivora;

Tuberculatus castanocallis, kuricola, margituberculatus

C. nana Myzocallis castaneoides, nanae, tissoti

C. pubinervis Cervaphis quercus; Tuberculatus kuricola

C. pumila Myzocallis castanicola; Patchia virginiana;
Phylloxera castaneae; Tuberculatus annulatus

C. sativa Sweet Chestnut

[Aphis gossypii]; [Aulacorthum solani];

Lachnus longirostris, roboris, tropicalis;

Myzocallis castaneoides, castanicola, castanicola spp.

leclanti, [komareki];

Phylloxera castaneae, [spinifera]; Thelaxes suberi;

Tuberculatus annulatus, kuricola

C. seguinii Tuberculatus castanocallis, ceroerythros

Castanea sp. [Mollitrichosiphum nigrum]

Key to aphids feeding on Castanea:-

1 Antennae 3-segmented (small insect, body pyriform, broadest anteriorly .....2

- Antennae 5- or 6-segmented .....3

2 Many dorsal tubercles present on head, thorax and ABD TERG 1-6, decreasing in size and
number posteriorly .....Phylloxera castaneivora

- Only 4 dorsal tubercles present, confined to head .....Phylloxera castaneae

3 SIPH tubular, several times longer than wide .....4

- SIPH truncate or broad, hairy cones .....12

4 Body of aptera with very long, branched, hair-bearing marginal processes (fig. 92A)
.....Cervaphis quercus

- Body of aptera without hair-bearing processes .....5

5 SIPH without hairs. Antennal tubercles well-developed, approx. parallel-sided in dorsal view (as in fig. 42J) .....Pseudomegoura magnoliae

- SIPH with numerous long fine hairs. Antennal tubercles undeveloped .....6

6 SIPH of aptera reticulated either basally or over much of length. Cauda with a distinct median conical papilla (as in fig. 92B) .....7

- SIPH of aptera without any reticulation. Cauda without a median papilla .....9

7 SIPH of aptera with a spinulose reticulation over the entire length, except for a small distal part with only spinules . BL 2.4-3.4 mm .....Greenidea magna*

- SIPH with reticulation restricted to basal zone. BL 1.3-2.6 mm .....8

8 BL 1.3-2.2 mm. Head and legs mainly pale .....Greenidea (Trichosiphum) pallidipes*

- BL 2.0-3.0 mm. Head and legs mainly dark .....Greenidea (Trichosiphum) kuwanai

9 SIPH of aptera more than 0.7 ×BL. Hind tibiae with transverse stridulatory ridges (as in fig. 27A) .....Mollitrichosiphon tenuicorpus

- SIPH of aptera less than 0.7 × BL. Hind tibiae without stridulatory ridges .....10

10 Dorsum of aptera with numerous irregular transverse rows of minute spinules

.....Eutrichosiphum pasaniae

- Dorsum of aptera without spinules, or with spinules only on marginal areas of thorax and ABD TERG 1-2 .....11

11 Antennae of aptera 5- or 6-segmented, of alata 6-segmented. Dorsal abdomen with ill-defined dark pigmentation leaving pale central area on ABD TERG 1-3. SIPH of aptera usually dusky/dark distally .....Eutrichosiphum tattakanum

- Antennae 5-segmented in alatae as well as apterae. SIPH of aptera evenly pale, paler than the uniformly smoky dorsal abdomen .....Eutrichosiphum pallidum*

12 ANT PT/BASE about 1.0 or more. Anal plate divided by a median cleft into 2 lobes .....13

- ANT PT/BASE 0.5 or less. Anal plate not bi-lobed .....26

13 Cauda triangular, apically pointed, without a constriction (fig. 35A). Body and appendages almost entirely brown-black .....Patchia virginiana

- Cauda with a constriction and a terminal knob. Body and appendages mainly pale,
sometimes with dark markings .....14

14 Head and pronotum with a longitudinal dark spinal stripe, and ABD TERG 1-7 each with
paired dark dorsal spinal as well as marginal sclerites (fig. 35E). (Wings not maculate)

.....15

- Head and pronotum without a spinal longitudinal stripe. If ABD TERG 1-7 have a complete set of paired dark dorsal sclerites then wings are strongly maculate .....16

15 R IV with 4-10 accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with 5-6 ventral hairs. Embryos with long hairs (55-70 μm) on ABD TERG 2 .....Myzocallis castanicola (s. str.)

- R IV with 11-18 accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with 6-8 (usually 7) ventral hairs. Embryos with hairs on ABD TERG 2 shorter (27-41 μm)

.....Myzocallis castanicola ssp. leclanti

16 Tibiae mainly brown to black, or at least brown on basal half. ANT PT/BASE more than 2.0 .....17

- Tibiae mainly pale, sometimes dark apically. ANT PT/BASE less than 2.0 .....20

17 Anterior frontal hairs of head long and finely pointed, 2 or more × basal diameter of ANT III (fig.35B) .....18

- Anterior frontal hairs less than 2 × basal diameter of ANT III, and sometimes with capitate apices (figs 35C,D) .....19

18 Tibiae and ANT III-VI uniformly black .....Myzocallis castaneae

- Tibiae dark at base but with paler middle region. ANT IV,V and BASE VI each pale at base and dark at apex .....Myzocallis tissoti

19 Anterior frontal hairs 7-15 um long, shorter than basal diameter of ANT III, and capitate
(fig. 35C). ANT III-VI pale basally and dark apically, and tibiae usually with paler middle region .....Myzocallis nanae

- Anterior frontal hairs 30-38 um, longer than basal diameter of ANT III, pointed or slightly
capitate (fig. 35D). ANT III-VI and tibiae often completely dark

.....Myzocallis castaneoides

20 Forewings with pigment extending between veins, or with veins at least heavily bordered with pigment. Abdomen broad and often with large dark marginal processes .....21

- Forewings not pigmented between veins. Abdomen with or without smaller, pale marginal processes .....25

21 ANT III with 4-6 hairs, 1-2 × longer than basal diameter of segment
.....Tuberculatus margituberculatus

- ANT III with 7 or more hairs, including anteriorly directed long ones that are much more than 2 × basal diameter of the segment .....22

22 ANT III with 16 or more hairs. Marginal processes each with 1-6 transparent noduli (fig. 35F)

.....23

- ANT III with less than 15 hairs. Marginal processes without any transparent noduli .....24

23 Head with 20-22 dorsal hairs. Dorsal body hairs thick, and spinal hairs on posterior tergites arise from tubercular bases …..Tuberculatus ceroerythros*

- Head with more than 40 dorsal hairs. Dorsal body hairs thin and spinal hairs on posterior tergites not arising from tubercular bases …..Tuberculatus cereus

24 ABD TERG 2 and 3 each with a pair of quadrate spinal processes, as long as or longer than their basal widths (fig. 35G). Distal parts of hind femora dark .....Tuberculatus castanocallis

- Spinal processes on ABD TERG 2 and 3 if developed then rounded, and shorter than their
basal widths (fig. 35H). Hind femora pale .....Tuberculatus kuricola

25 Spinal processes on ABD TERG 1-3 all similarly developed, finger-like, longer than their
basal widths (fig.35I). Anteriorly directed hairs on front of head and ANT I-III long and capitate. SIPH pale .....Tuberculatus capitatus (ssp. intermedius)

- Spinal processes only ever well-developed on ABD TERG 3, and then conical, shorter than their basal widths. Hairs on front of head and ANT I-III short or very short, and pointed. SIPH black except at bases .....Tuberculatus annulatus

26 BL less than 2 mm. Antennae 5-segmented. Cauda knobbed .....Thelaxes suberi

- BL more than 2.5 mm. Antennae 6-segmented. Cauda broadly rounded .....27

27 ABD TERG 8 unmarked or with only irregular pigment spots. Alata with pterostigma
extending around tip of forewing .....Longistigma caryae

- ABD TERG 8 with a thin transverse band. Alata with pigmented (maculate) forewings and normal pterostigma .....28

28 Hind tibia with some of more distal hairs on ventral side very long and fine-pointed, at least 2-3 × longer than neighbouring short hairs (fig. 93D). Mesosternal processes always absent or weakly developed. (SIPH cones small and often pale) .....Lachnus longirostris

- Hind tibia with hairs on ventral side often longer and finer distally, but not with some hairs 2-3 × longer than others. Mesosternum of summer aptera usually with a pair of mammariform or papilliform processes. (SIPH cones usually large and pigmented) .....29

29 ANT/PT BASE 0.40-0.68, usually more than 0.5. Alata with forewing pigmented to base

.....Lachnus tropicalis

- ANT/PT BASE 0.3-0.5. Alata with clear area at base of forewing .....Lachnus roboris

Castanopsis (= Shiia) Fagaceae

C. acuminatissima Eutrichosiphum pasaniae, pullum;

Greenidea [castanopsidis], magna;

Nipponaphis javanica

C. argentea Eutrichosiphum pasaniae, pullum;

Greenidea magna, pallidipes;

Nipponaphis brevipilosa

C. calathiformis Mollitrichosiphum tenuicorpus

C. carlesii Eutrichosiphum pasaniae; Metanipponaphis ?echinata;

Mollitrichosiphum tenuicorpus

C. cuspidata Allotrichosiphum kashicola;

Eutrichosiphum pasaniae, shiicola, sinense;
Greenidea [kuwanai], okajimai;

Lachnus tropicalis (or shiicola?);

Lithoaphis shiiae; Metanipponaphis cuspidatae, shiicola;

Mollitrichosiphum tenuicorpus; Neonipponaphis shiiae;
[Nipponaphis distyliicola]; Reticulaphis shiiae

C. eyrei Neonipponaphis pustulosa

C. fabri Eutrichosiphum pasaniae;

Mollitrichosiphum tenuicorpus, [nigrofasciatum]

C. fargesii [Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus];

Eutrichosiphum [pseudopasaniae]

C. ferox Eutrichosiphum sinense; Mollitrichosiphon tenuicorpus

C. formosana Eutrichosiphum tattakanum; Mollitrichosiphon tenuicorpus

C. hainanensis Mesotrichosiphum pentaiarticulatum

C. hickelii [Allotrichosiphum castanopse (=Eutrichosiphum sinense?)]

C. hystrix Metanipponaphis echinata; Mollitrichosiphon tenuicorpus

C. indica Eutrichosiphum pasaniae, [pseudopasaniae], sinense;

Lachnus acutihirsutus

C. javanica Eutrichosiphum nigrum, pasaniae, sinense;

Greenidea magna, pallidipes; Nipponaphis multisetosa

C. sclerophylla [Eutrichosiphum sclerophyllum (= shiicola?), arunachali ssp.

jianglense];

Lachnus tropicalis; Metanipponaphis lithocarpicola;

Mollitrichosiphum tenuicorpus; [Tuberculatus castanocallis]

C. sieboldii Greenidea okajimai; Nipponaphis monzeni

C. subacuminata Eutrichosiphum pasaniae; Mollitrichosiphum tenuicorpus

C. submacula Eutrichosiphum pasaniae

C. subsericea Eutrichosiphum pasaniae

C. tribuloides Eutrichosiphum pasaniae, [pseudopasaniae];

Metanipponaphis assamensis

Castanopsis sp(p). Eutrichosiphum dubium, [flavum], kumaoni, russellae;

Greenidea [kunmingensis], sikkimensis;

Lachnus [quercihabitans], shiicola, sorini;

Metanipponaphis rotunda; Mollitrichosiphum niitakaensis;

Parathoracaphis manipurensis;

Schizoneuraphis querciphaga

Key to aphids feeding on Castanopsis:-

1 Aptera with head, thorax and ABD TERG 1 fused as prosoma. Legs and antennae much
reduced, often concealed beneath body. SIPH small or absent. Antennae of alata with narrow ring-like sensoria .....2

- Aptera of normal aphid form with well-developed legs and antennae. SIPH evident, conical or tubular. Antennae of alata with circular or oval sensoria .....12

2 Aptera without SIPH .....3

- Aptera with SIPH usually present as small pores or cones .....4

3 Tarsi and claws rudimentary; dorsum strongly reticulated (fig.36A) .....Reticulaphis shiiae

- Two-segmented tarsi and claws developed; dorsum without reticulation

.....Parathoracaphis manipurensis

4 Dorsal cuticle of prosoma mainly smooth except for areolation, pustules only present around thoracic spiracles. Prosomal hairs long and thick with somewhat tuberculate bases. ABD TERG 8 with 4 hairs .....Schizoneuraphis querciphaga

- Dorsal cuticle of prosoma ornamented with numerous raised pustules or translucent rounded or curved areas (figs 36B - E). Prosomal hairs short or if long then fine. ABD TERG 8 with 2-10 hairs .....5

5 Abdominal plate (ABD TERG 2-7) distinctly separate from prosoma (e.g. fig. 36B). ABD TERG 8 with 4-8 hairs .....6

- Abdominal plate fused with or not distinctly separate fom prosoma, at least in median area
(fig. 36C). ABD TERG 8 with 2-10 hairs .....7

6 Pustules on prosoma irregularly-shaped, angular, especially on marginal areas (Fig. 36A,B). Spinal and marginal hairs of prosoma longer, but not thicker or stiffer, than scattered dorsal hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 4-6 hairs ..... Neonipponaphis shiiae

- Pustules on prosoma smaller and oval or rounded. Spinal and submarginal hairs of prosoma distinctly thicker and stiffer as well as longer than scattered dorsal hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 6-8 hairs …..Neonipponaphis pustulosus*

7 Prosoma ornamented with blunt conical nodules, often longer than their basal widths (fig. 91A). Prosomal hairs very long and very fine .....Nipponaphis monzeni

- Prosoma if pustulate then the pustules are low, all or mostly shorter than their basal widths (fig. 36). Prosomal hairs long or short .....8

8 ABD TERG 8 with 2-4 hairs. Prosoma dorsally ornamented with densely packed, evenly
distributed, rather uniform-sized, circular or oval pustules (fig. 36C)

.....Metanipponaphis spp.

- ABD TERG 8 with 4-6 hairs. Prosoma with polygonal, angular or irregular dorsal
ornamentation; if pustulate, then the pustules are of irregular size and shape .....9

9 Prosoma strongly convex dorsally,with irregular translucent branched or curved ornament-ation (fig. 36D). ABD TERG 8 with 6 hairs .....Lithoaphis shiiae

- Prosoma somewhat flattened dorsally, with variable pustulate or polygonal ornamentation (e.g. fig. 36E). ABD TERG 8 with 4 hairs .....10

10 Prosomal hairs only 10-20 µm long, and those on ABD TERG 8 only 35-40 µm long

.....Nipponaphis brevipilosa

- Prosomal hairs 40-125 µm long, and those on ABD TERG 8 65-160 µm long .....11

11 Prosoma with only 6-7 hairs (2-3 spinal, 4 marginal) on each thoracic tergite, and 4 hairs
(2 spinal, 2 marginal) on ABD TERG 1 .....Nipponaphis javanica

- Prosomal hairs much more numerous; 30-70 per tergite .....Nipponaphis multisetosa

12 SIPH tubular, bearing numerous long hairs .....13

- SIPH as shallow hairy cones .....27

13 SIPH of aptera with pale reticulation either basally or over much of length. Cauda with a distinct median conical papilla (as in fig. 92B) .....14

- SIPH of aptera without any pale reticulation. Cauda without a median papilla .....17

14 SIPH of aptera with a spinulose reticulation over the entire length, except for a small distal part with spinules only. BL 2.4-3.4 mm .....Greenidea magna*

- SIPH with reticulation restricted to basal zone. BL 1.3-2.8 mm .....15

15 Ventral abdomen with spinulosity confined to marginal areas .....Greenidea pallidipes*

- Mid-ventral area of abdomen evenly spinulose .....16

16 R IV+V 1.3-1.8 × longer than HT II .....Greenidea okajimai

- R IV+V 1.85-2.5 × longer than HT II .....Greenidea sikkimensis*

17 Hind tibiae with transverse (stridulatory?) ridges (e.g. fig. 27A ) .....18

- Hind tibiae without transverse ridges .....19

18 Antennae 5- or 6-segmented. SIPH of aptera less than 0.5 × BL

.....Mollitrichosiphum niitakaensis

- Antennae 6-segmented. SIPH of aptera 0.65 or more × BL

.....Mollitrichosiphum tenuicorpus

19 Longest hairs on antennae and dorsum distinctly capitate (fig. 92C)

.....Allotrichosiphum kashicola

- Hairs on antennae and dorsum with pointed, blunt, expanded or bifurcate apices, but never capitate .....20

20 Dorsum of aptera without spinules, or with spinules restricted to marginal areas .....21

- Dorsum of aptera with numerous irregular transverse rows of minute spinules .....26

21 Femora and basal parts of tibiae as dark as or darker than body. ANT PT/BASE less than 1. First tarsal segments with 5 hairs .....22

- Femora and tibiae paler than body. ANT PT/BASE more than 1. First tarsal segments with 7 hairs .....23

22 R IV+V 1.7-2.0× HT II, which is 0.10-0.11 mm long. Mid-dorsal abdominal hairs much shorter than marginal hairs …..Mesotrichosiphum pentaiarticulatum*

- R IV+V 2.1-2.4× HT II, which is 0.08-0.09 mm long. Mid-dorsal abdominal hairs similar in length to marginal hairs ….. Eutrichosiphum nigrum*

23 R IV+V 3.1-3.6× HT II .....Eutrichosiphum russellae

- R IV+V 1.9-2.8× HT II .....24

24 BL 1.2-1.7 mm. SIPH 0.19-0.22 × BL .....Eutrichosiphum pullum*

- BL 1.9-2.9 mm. SIPH 0.25-0.35 × BL .....25

25 Dorsal abdomen with extensive (but variably pigmented) sclerotisation. Marginal areas and venter of abdomen finely spiculose .....Eutrichosiphum tattakanum

- Dorsal abdomen unsclerotised. Marginal areas an venter of abdomen smooth

.....Eutrichosiphum kumaoni*

26 Aptera with R IV+V 1.5-1.7 × HT II, and SIPH longer than maximum body width. SIPH of alata more than 1.5 × ANT III .....Eutrichosiphum shiicola

- Aptera with R IV+V 1.8-2.6 × HT II, and SIPH shorter than maximum body width. SIPH of alata less than 1.5 × ANT III .....27

27 Dorsum of aptera pale, SIPH mostly dark but pale at base, and at least 0.7 × maximum body width .....Eutrichosiphum sinense

- Dorsum of aptera pale or dark brown, SIPH wholly dark and 0.5-0.6 × maximum
body width .....Eutrichosiphum pasaniae

28 Abdomen bearing a large rounded tubercle on ABD TERG 4, its base about as broad as that of SIPH cones (and another much smaller and flatter tubercle on ABD TERG 5)

…..Lachnus sorini

- Abdomen without a large tubercle on ABD TERG 4 …..29

29 Longest hairs on ANT III 2.0-2.25 × basal diameter of segment. SIPH on large hairy cones which are about 3.4- 5.3 × longer than the diameter of the siphuncular pore. R IV+V

1.1-1.2 × HT II .....Lachnus shiicola

- Longest hairs on ANT III 0.67-1.4 × basal diameter of segment. SIPH on small hairy cones which are 2-3 × longer than the diameter of the siphuncular pore. R IV+V 0.74-1.05 × HT II .....30

30 Longest hairs on ANT III 0.67-0.85 × basal diameter of segment. R IV+V 0.74-0.82 × HT II. Forewing of alata with large clear areas between media and cubitus veins, and between Cu_1band base of wing …..Lachnus acutihirsutus

- Longest hairs on ANT III 0.9-1.4 × basal diameter of segment. R IV+V 0.9-1.05 × HT II. Forewing of alata mostly pigmented with only small clear areas …..Lachnus tropicalis

Castanospermum Leguminosae

Castanospermum australe Australian Chestnut

Betacallis querciphaga; Mollitrichosiphon tenuicorpus

Castilleja Orobanchaceae

Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta Nasonovia castelleiae

C. coccinia Nasonovia castelleiae

C. exserta (see Orthocarpus) [Macrosiphum orthocarpus]

C. foliolosa Brachycaudus helichrysi

C. linariifolia Nearctaphis hottesi

C. miniata Nasonovia castelleiae

C. neglecta = C. affinis ssp. neglecta

C. occidentalis Nasonovia sampsoni

C. pavlovii Nasonovia castelleiae

C. pruinosa Nasonovia sampsoni

C. raupii Nasonovia castelleiae

C. wightii Nasonovia sampsoni; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Castilleja spp. Aphis sp. (Montana, USA; BMNH collection, leg. D Hille

Ris Lambers);

Cedoaphis incognita (as Aphis chipetae Hottes);

[Macrosiphum sp.]; Nearctaphis bakeri, kachena

Key to aphids on Castilleja:-

1 ANT (of apt.) with secondary rhinaria …..2

- ANT without secondary rhinaria …..5

2 Head spiculose. SIPH 3-4 × cauda, which is shorter than its basal width and bears more than 20 hairs …..Cedoaphis incognita

- Head not spiculose. SIPH 0.8-2.2 × cauda which is much longer than its basal width and bears 5-12 hairs …..3

3 SIPH 0.25-0.35 × BL, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation

…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- SIPH 0.06-0.22 × BL, without any polygonal reticulation …..4

4 R IV+V 1.7-2.5 × HT II, with 20-25 accessory hairs. SIPH only weakly imbricated, 1.5-2.1 × cauda …..Nasonovia sampsoni

- R IV+V 1.0-1.5 × HT II, with 6-10 accessory hairs. SIPH strongly imbricated, with rows of spinules on the imbrications; 0.8-1.3 × cauda ….. Nasonovia castelleiae

5 SIPH smooth, head smooth, cauda helmet-shaped …..Brachycaudus helichrysi

- SIPH imbricated or with rows of spinules. If head smooth then cauda tongue-shaped …..6

6 SIPH imbricated and at least 0.1 × BL. Head smooth. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu), which are absent from or only sporadically present on 2-5

…..Aphis sp. (Montana, USA; BMNH collection, leg. D Hille Ris Lambers)

- SIPH spinulose and less than 0.09 × BL. Head spiculose. ABD TERG 2-5 with MTu, 1 and 7 without MTu …..7

7 Second tarsal segments smooth or almost smooth …..Nearctaphis kachena

- Second tarsal segments with distinct imbrication …..8

8 Dorsal abdominal hairs arising from dark scleroites, and ABD TERG 7 and 8 with dark cross-bands. R IV+V usually shorter than ANT V …..Nearctaphis bakeri

- Dorsal abdomen without dark markings. R IV+V usually longer than ANT V …..Nearctaphis hottesi

Casuarina Casuarinaceae

Casuarina equisetifolia Aphis gossypii; [Lachnus ?tropicalis];
Myzus persicae

C. huegeliana Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae

C. torulosa Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Use key to polyphagous aphids .

Catabrosa Poaceae

Catabrosa aquatica Cavariella aquatica; Rhopalosiphum padi; Sipha glyceriae

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Catalpa Bignoniaceae

Catalpa bignonioides Aphis aurantii, catalpae, gossypii; Myzus persicae

C. hybrida Aphis aurantii, gossypii; Myzus persicae

C. ovata Aphis gossypii

C. speciosa Aphis catalpae, [frangulae], gossypii

Catalpa sp. Aphis fabae, nerii, spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus

Key to species on Catalpa:-

1 Antennal tubercles well-developed .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

- Antennal tubercles weakly developed .....2

2 SIPH and cauda both very dark .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

- Cauda pale or dusky, SIPH pale, dusky or dark .....3

3 Alata usually without any secondary rhinaria on ANT IV (rarely 1-2). Aptera with SIPH
uniformly dusky to dark, and 1.3-2.5 × cauda .....Aphis gossypii

- Alata with 1-4 rhinaria on ANT IV. Aptera with SIPH usually paler towards base, and

1.10-1.35 × cauda .....Aphis catalpae

Catamixis Compositae

Catamixis baccharoides [Acyrthosiphon rubi]

Catananche Compositae

Catananche caerulea Protaphis terricola

Catapodium Poaceae

Catapodium marinum Sipha glyceriae

Catharanthus Apocynaceae

Catharanthus roseus Aphis fabae, gossypii, spiraecola;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, [stellariae];

Myzus [certus], ornatus, persicae;

[Nasonovia ribisnigri]; Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae;

[Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae]

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Catharinea (including Atrichum) Polytrichaceae

Catharinea. undulata Decorosiphon corynothrix; Muscaphis musci;

Myzodium modestum

Use key to apterae of moss-feeding aphids under Polytrichum.

Catimbium see Alpinia Zingiberaceae

Cattleya Orchidaceae

Cattleya harrisoniana Cerataphis orchidearum

C. lobata Sitobion luteum

C. lueddemanniana Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

C. speciosissima = C. lueddemanniana

Cattleya spp. Sitobion anselliae, luteum

Use key to apterae of orchid-feeding aphids under Cymbidium.

Catunaregam Rubiaceae

Catunaregam spinosa Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii; Myzus persicae

C. tomentosa Aphis spiraecola

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Caucalis Apiaceae

Caucalis anthriscus Cavariella aegopodii;

Dysaphis crataegi ssp. aethusae

C. incognita = Agrocharis incognita

C. lappula = C. platycarpos

C. latifolia =Turgenia latifolia

C. platycarpos Aphis [craccivora], fabae; Hyadaphis foeniculi;

Semiaphis dauci

Caucalis sp. Aphis spp. (England, BMNH collection; Turkey, BMNH

collection)

Key to aphids on Caucalis (and Turgenia):-

1 ABD TERG 8 with a supracaudal process. SIPH clavate. ANT PT/BASE 0.7-1.25

…..Cavariella aegopodii

- No supracaudal process. SIPH tapering. ANT PT/BASE 1.8-5.5 …..2

2 Cauda not longer than its basal width …..3

- Cauda much longer than its basal width …..4

3 SIPH dark. ANT III more than 2 × ANT V …..Dysaphis crataegi aethusae

- SIPH pale/dusky. ANT III about 1.1 × ANT V …..Brachycaudus crassitibiae*

4 SIPH and cauda mainly pale (SIPH often dark-tipped). Head spiculose, with ANT tubercles well developed, their inner faces approximately parallel …..Aulacorthum solani

- SIPH dark, cauda pale, dusky or dark. Head not spiculose, ANT tubercles weakly developed …..5

5 SIPH very small and flangeless, c.0.5 × cauda, with aperture slanted toward midline

…..Semiaphis dauci

- SIPH at least 0.6 × cauda, with an evident flange …..6

6 SIPH at least somewhat swollen proximal to apex. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) …..7

- SIPH tapering, without any trace of swelling. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu .….8

7 SIPH clavate, 0.9-1.4 × cauda and 1.6-2.8 × HT II …..Hyadaphis foeniculi

- SIPH thick on basal half and slightly swollen proximal to apex (fig. 41b), 0.6-0.8 × cauda and 0.9-1.3 × HT II .....Hyadaphis coriandri

8 Dorsum without dark pigmentation . Cauda pale or dusky, distinctly paler than SIPH

…..Aphis gossypii

- Dorsum with at least some dark pigmentation. Cauda and SIPH equally dark …..9

9 ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.2. ABD TERG 2-4 without MTu. Dorsal pigmentation when extensive fused between segments to form a shield. ABD TERG 8 with only 2 hairs about equal in length to or shorter than ANT BD III. Longest hairs on hind femur shorter than trochantro-femoral suture …..Aphis sp. (Turkey, BMNH collection)

- ANT PT/BASE 2.1-4.1 (if less than 2.4 then ABD TERG 2-4 with MTu). Dorsal pigmentation consisting of segmentally-arranged cross-bands, not fused between segments. ABD TERG 8 with 2-7 hairs much longer than ANT BD III. Longest hairs on hind femur much longer than trochantro-femoral suture …..10

10 ABD TERG 2-4 regularly with large papillate MTu. R IV+V 0.17-0.18 mm, 1.2-1.5 × HT II.

ANT PT 1.7-1.9 × R IV+V …..Aphis sp. (England, BMNH collection)

- ABD TERG 2-4 irregularly with small MTu. R IV+V 0.12-0.165 mm, 0.9-1.1 × HT II.

ANT PT 2.0-2.8 × R IV+V …..Aphis fabae

Cayaponia Cucurbitaceae

Cayaponia sp. Delfinoia peruviana

Cayratia Vitaceae

Cayratia ibuensis Aphis gossypii

C. japonica Aphis gossypii; Greenidea cayratiae;

Macrosiphoniella cayratiae

Key to apterae on Cayratia:-

1 SIPH c.0.46-0.50× BL, with numerous long hairs …..Greenidea cayratiae

- SIPH much shorter and without hairs …..2

2 SIPH with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation extending for about half their lengths. ANT tubercles prominent Macrosiphoniella cayratiae*

- SIPH without polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles weakly developed …..Aphis gossypii

Ceanothus Rhamnaceae

Ceanothus cordulatus Illinoia ceanothi

C. cuneatus Aphis ceanothi

C. hirsutus = C. oliganthus

C. integerrimus Aphis ceanothi

C. oliganthus Aphis ceanothi

C. sanguineus Aphis ceanothi

C. thyrsiflorus Aphis ceanothi

C. velutinus Aphis boydstoni, ceanothi; Illinoia ceanothi

Ceanothus spp. Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Neomyzus circumflexus

Key to aphids on Ceanothus:-

1 ANT tubercles weakly developed. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.8. SIPH and cauda dark. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles …..2

- ANT tubercles well developed. ANT PT/BASE longer. SIPH and cauda pale or dusky. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles …..3

2 Marginal tubercles small and only present on ABD TERG 1 and 7. Dorsal abdomen with large black presiphuncular sclerites, often linked by a transverse sclerite on ABD TERG 6

…...Aphis ceanothi

- Marginal tubercles broad, nearly flat and present on all of ABD TERG 1-7. Dorsal abdomen pale, without any presiphuncular sclerites …...Aphis boydstoni

3 SIPH very long and thin, 2.2-3.1 × cauda; narrow in middle, with distal part dusky and somewhat swollen, narrowing again before apex, with usually some subapical reticulation

…..Illinoia ceanothi

- SIPH less than 2.5 × cauda …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Cecropia Cecropiaceae

Cecropia peltata Aphis aurantii, gossypii, spiraecola

C. hondurensis = C. peltata

(Use key to polyphagous aphids)

Cedrela Meliaceae

Cedrela odorata West Indian or Mexican Cedar

Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

C. serrata [Chromaphis hirsutustibus]

C. sinensis Aphis odinae

(Use key to polyphagous aphids.)

Cedrus Cedars Pinaceae

Cedrus atlantica Cinara cedri, laportei; Schizolachnus pineti

C. brevifolia Cinara cedri, laportei

C. deodora Cinara cedri, confinis, curvipes, deodarae,

indica, laportei;

Illinoia morrisoni; [Mindarus abietinus]; [Stomaphis sp.]

C. libani Cinara cedri, curvipes, laportei

Key to aphids on Cedrus:-

1 ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH long and tubular, swollen distally .....Illinoia morrisoni

- ANT PT/BASE less than 1. SIPH are broad hairy cones .....2

2 R V short, flask-shaped, pointed only at tip, hardly longer than its basal width (fig. 69B). SIPH cones with few hairs, in 1-2 rings around pore .....Schizolachnus pineti

- R V acutely pointed, dagger-shaped, usually twice or more as long as its basal width (as in fig. 69A). SIPH cones large and dark with numerous hairs .....3

3 Antenna 5-segmented. Dorsal hairs of aptera club-shaped, ornamented with numerous
barbules (fig. 37A) .....Cinara laportei

- Antenna 6-segmented. Dorsal hairs normal, pointed .....4

4 Hairs on body and appendages short; those on ANT III maximally about as long as basal
diameter of segment .....Cinara curvipes

- Hairs mostly long; longest hairs on ANT III maximally more than 2 × basal diameter of
segment .....5

5 BL 3.0 mm or less. Dorsal length of HT I distinctly longer basal width (e.g. fig. 37B) .....6

- BL more than 3.0 mm. Dorsal length of HT I shorter than basal width .....7

6 Aptera with 0-1 secondary rhinaria on ANT III. ANT IV longer than ANT VI. ABD TERG

1-6 without any extensive dark sclerotisation .....Cinara cedri

- Aptera with c. 5 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, ANT IV shorter than ANT VI, and ABD TERG 1-6 with an extensive pattern of dark sclerotisation .....Cinara deodarae*

7 Aptera with HT II less than 4 × HT I. ANT III with more than 40 long hairs, very few of these less than 2 × basal diameter of segment. BL 3.8-7.8 mm .....Cinara confinis

- Aptera with HT II 4 or more × HT I. ANT III with less than 30 hairs of very variable length, often less than 2 × basal diameter of segment. BL c.3.3 mm .....Cinara indica

Ceiba (including Chorisia) Malvaceae

Ceiba anfructosa Aphis gossypii

C. pentandra Aphis aurantii, gossypii

C. speciosa Aphis citricidus, gossypii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Celastrus Celastraceae

Celastrus articulatus Aphis [celastrii], gossypii; Pseudomegoura magnoliae

C. flagellaris Aphis [celastrii], gossypii, odinae

C. orbiculatus Aphis [celastrii], fabae, gossypii, odinae, spiraecola;

Pseudomegoura magnoliae

C. scandens [Acyrthosiphon pisum];

Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

C. strigillosus Aphis spiraecola

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Celmisia Compositae

Celmisia glandulosa Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Celosia Amaranthaceae

Celosia argentea Aphis fabae, gossypii; Myzus persicae

(incl. var. cristata)

C. plumosa = C. argentea

C. trigyna Aphis gossypii

Celosia sp. Aphis spiraecola

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Celtis Ulmaceae

Celtis africana Aphis aurantii

C. aurantiaca Aphis gossypii; Shivaphis szelegiewiczi

C. australis Aphis aurantii, craccivora, spiraecola; Myzus persicae;

Shivaphis catalpinari, celti, celticola

C. berteroana Aphis aurantii

C. biondii Shivaphis catalpinari, celti, szelegiewiczi

C. bungeana Aphis aurantii, craccivora, spiraecola; Shivaphis celti;

C. caucasica = C. australis

C. cinnamomia Shivaphis celti

C. eriocarpa = C. australis

C. formosana Aulacorthum solani

C. hamiltoni Shivaphis celti

C. iguanaea Aphis aurantii

C. japonica see sinensis

C. jessoensis Macromyzella celticola; Prociphilus oriens;

Shivaphis celti, tilisucta

C. julianae Shivaphis celti, hangzhouensis

C. koraiensis [Myzocallis carpini]; Shivaphis catalpinari, celti, tilisucta;

Stomaphis yanonis

C. kunmingensis Shivaphis celti

C. laevigata Shivaphis celti

C. latifolia Aphis spiraecola

C. nervosa Shivaphis celti

C. occidentalis Aphis fabae; [Drepanosiphum platanoidis];

[Phorodon humuli]; Shivaphis celti; [Tinocallis platani]

C. sinensis (incl. japonica) Aphis aurantii, [celtis], craccivora, spiraecola;

[Indomegoura indica]; Paracolopha morrisoni; Pseudomegoura magnoliae;

Shivaphis catalpinari, celti, hangzhouensis, szelegiewiczi,

tilisucta;

Stomaphis yanonis

C. tala Aphis gossypii

C. tetrandra (incl. var. Shivaphis celti; Sumatraphis celti

hamiltoni)

C. triandra Shivaphis celti

C. willdenowiana = C. sinensis

Celtis sp. [Sumatraphis tubercaudatus]

Key to species on Celtis:-

(The separation of Shivaphis spp. in couplets 6-10 is largely based on Quednau 2003.)

1 ANT PT/BASE more than 1 .....2

- ANT PT/BASE less than 1 .....3

2 Head with well-developed, scabrous, apically convergent antennal tubercles. SIPH cylindrical with a well-developed flange and 2-4 subapical rows of polygonal reticulation

….. Macromyzella celticola

- Without that combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids, but note that populations running to Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii may be A. (T.) celtis (described as having alatae with 3-4 rhinaria on ANT IV)

3 (Alata emerging in spring from galls or leaf-nests.) Media of forewing unbranched .....4

- (Apterae and alatae free-living.) Media of forewing of alata once- or twice-branched .....5

4 (Alata from closed gall.) BL less than 3 mm. Hind wing with one oblique vein. Secondary
rhinaria on ANT III-VI, many of them almost completely encircling

.....Paracolopha morrisoni

- (Alata from leaf-nest.) BL more than 4 mm. Hind wing with 2 oblique veins arising from a common base. Secondary rhinaria on ANT III-V (not VI), narrowly transverse but not
extending more than half way around segment .....Prociphilus oriens

5 BL more than 4mm. Rostrum longer than body .....Stomaphis yanonis

- BL less than 3 mm. Rostrum shorter than body .....6

6 Antenna 4-segmented in aptera, 5-segmented in alata (where known). Posterior abdomen with marginal processes. SIPH tubular, swollen, constricted apically, and with a subapical ring of 4 hairs (fig. 38A) .....Sumatraphis celti

- Antenna 6-segmented. Abdomen without marginal processes. SIPH are pores, very small cones, or truncate, without a ring of hairs .....7

7 Forewing of alata with the membrane between media and Cu_1anot bridged by a band of pigment. ANT PT very short, about 3 times as long as wide or less. Apterous viviparae as well as alatae present …..8

- Forewing of alata with the membrane between media and Cu_1abridged by a band of pigment. ANT PT short, but at least 6 × longer than its maximum width. All adult viviparae are alate

…..9

8 Apical part of cauda a rounded knob (fig. 38B). ANT III of alata with rhinaria in a line extending over most of length of segment. Fore coxae weakly enlarged, not visible from above at sides of pronotum .....Shivaphis catalpinari

- Apical part of cauda finger-like, rather irregular in shape (fig. 38C). Alata with secondary rhinaria concentrated on central part of ANT III. Fore coxae strongly enlarged, visible from above at sides of pronotum .....Shivaphis celti

9 SIPH as truncate cones about as long as their midlength width (fig. 38D). Membrane between media and Cu_1aof forewing bridged by a band of pigment that is broader than long. Dorsal abdomen with a complete series of spinal wax pore plates …..10

- SIPH as very short cones, much shorter than wide, or merely as raised pores (figs 38E, F). Membrane between media and Cu_1aof forewing with a bridging band of pigment that is not broader than long. Dorsal abdomen with spinal wax pore plates only well developed on ABD TERG 1, 2 and 8 …..11

10 ANT PT/BASE 0.64-0.79. R IV+V 0.155-0.163 mm long, 1.04-1.17 × HT II, and bearing

11-15 accessory hairs. Apices of tibiae spiculose

.....Shivaphis (Sinishivaphis) hanzhouensis

- ANT PT/BASE 0.41-0.60. R IV+V 0.090-0.098 mm long, about 0.75 × HT II, and bearing

9-10 accessory hairs. Apices of tibiae smooth .....Shivaphis (Sinishivaphis) tilisucta

11 ANT PT/BASE 0.29-0.40 .....Shivaphis (Sinishivaphis) celticola

- ANT PT/BASE 0.42-0.50 .....Shivaphis (Sinishivaphis) szelegiewiczi

Cenchrus Poaceae

Cenchrus bifloris Aphis gossypii

C. brownii Sipha flava

C. ciliaris Hysteroneura setariae; Pseudaphis sijui;

[Pterasthenia shiraensis]; Rhopalosiphum maidis;

Sipha flava; Sitobion africanum;

Tetraneura fusiformis

C. echinatus Hysteroneura setariae; Rhopalosiphum maidis;

Tetraneura fusiformis

C. incertus Rhopalosiphum padi; Sipha flava

C. pauciflorus = C. incertus

C. setigerus Hysteroneura setariae; Tetraneura fusiformis

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Cenolophium Apiaceae

Cenolophium denudatum = C. fischeri

C. fischeri Aphis fabae, umbelliferarum; Cavariella aegopodii;

Semiaphis horvathi, sphondylii

Use key to apterae on Peucedanum.

Centaurea (incl. Cyanus) Compositae

Centaurea adpressa = C. scabiosa ssp. adpressa

C. africana Aphis gossypii

C. ambigua Uroleucon jaceae

C. americana Aphis fabae; Myzus persicae

C. alpestris = C. scabiosa ssp. alpestris

C. apiculata = C. scabiosa ssp. alpestris

C. arenaria Acaudinum centaureae; Macrosiphoniella staegeri;

[Protaphis sp.]; Uroleucon jaceae

C. argentea [Aphis sp. – Leonard 1972a, 99]

C. aristata (incl langeana) Aphis craccivora; Macrosiphoniella staegeri;

Paczoskia obtecta; Protaphis terricola;

Uroleucon jaceae, jaceicola

C. aspera Paczoskia obtecta; Protaphis hartigi, terricola

C. atropurpurea Aphis fabae; Uroleucon jaceae

C. balsamita = Stizolophus balsamita

C. behen Acaudinum beheni; Myzus persicae; Uroleucon jaceae

C. biebersteinii Macrosiphoniella staegeri; Uroleucon jaceae

C. bracteata Macrosiphoniella staegeri; Uroleucon jaceae

C. caerulescens = C. hanryi

C. calcitrapa Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus cardui; Myzus persicae;

Protaphis centaurea, hartigi, terricola; Uroleucon jaceae

C. carpatica = C. phrygia ssp. carpatica

C. cephalariifolia = C. scabiosa ssp. cephalariifolia

C. cheiranthifolia Aphis solanella

C. collina Uroleucon jaceae

C. crocodylium Aphis fabae; Uroleucon jaceae

C. cyanoides (?) Brachycaudus helichrysi

C. cyanus (= Cyanus segetum) Aphis fabae, magnopilosa, solanella, Aphis sp. (Italy,

BMNH collection);

Aulacorthum palustre, solani;

Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi;

[Hyalopteroides humilis]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ascalonicus, persicae,ornatus; [Nasonovia ribisnigri];

Paczoskia obtecta; Protaphis terricola;

Uroleucon compositae, [hypochoeridis], jaceae group,

[montanivorum], [sonchi];

[Volutaphis centaureae]

C. dealbata Brachycaudus cardui; Uroleucon pepperi

C. debeauxii Uroleucon jaceae

C. depressa Protrama flavescens, radicis; Uroleucon jaceae

C. deusta Macrosiphoniella staegeri; Uroleucon jaceae

C. diffusa Macrosiphoniella papillata; Protaphis middletonii, terricola;

Uroleucon jaceae

C. hanryi Protaphis alexandrae, hartigi; Uroleucon jaceae

C. hyalolepis Aphis craccivora; Brachycaudus helichrysi

C. hyrcanica Uroleucon jaceae

C. iberica Aphis fabae, gossypii, magnopilosa, solanella;

Protrama radicis, [radicis ssp. asiatica];

Protaphis alexandrae, terricola; [Trama caudata];

Uroleucon jaceae

C. incana = C. pubescens

C. indurata = C. phrygia ssp. indurata

C. jacea (incl. ssp. banatica) Acaudinum centaureae, longisetosum;

Aphis fabae, solanella; Brachycaudus cardui;

Dysaphis centaureae; Paczoskia obtecta; Trama troglodytes;

Uroleucon jaceae, jaceicola

C. kotschyana Uroleucon jaceae

C. lanulata Myzus persicae

C. macrocephala Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae

C. macroptilon Trama troglodytes

C. maculosa Dysaphis centaureae; Macrosiphoniella staegeri;

Protaphis terricola group

C. majorovii Uroleucon jaceicola

C. melitensis Acaudinum centaureae; Aphis fabae;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; Protaphis terrcicola;

Uroleucon jaceae

C. micranthos = C. biebersteinii

C. mollis = Cheirolophus sempervirens

C. monantha = Stemmacantha uniflora

C. montana Aphis fabae; Uroleucon montanivorum

C. moschata Aphis fabae, solanella; Brachycaudus cardui;

Myzus persicae; Uroleucon compositae

C. napifolia Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi; Protaphis terricola;

Uroleucon jaceae

C. nicaeensis = C. sicula

C. nigra Acaudinum centaureae; Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi;

Myzus cymbalariae; Trama troglodytes;

Uroleucon jaceae group, jaceicola

C. nigrescens Myzus persicae; Protaphis middletonii; Uroleucon jaceae

C. orientalis Acaudinum centaureae; Aphis fabae; Myzus persicae;

Uroleucon jaceae

C. ornata Uroleucon jaceae

C. oxylepis = C. macroptilon

C. pallescens Aphis craccivora; Myzus persicae; Uroleucon jaceae

C. paniculata Acaudinum longisetosum; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Macrosiphoniella papillata, staegeri;

Uroleucon jaceae, jaceicola, jaceicola ssp. pasqualei (?)

C. pannonica Uroleucon jaceae, jaceae ssp. henrichi

C. pelia Acaudinum centaureae; Aphis fabae

C. perrottetti Aphis gossypii

C. phrygia (incl. carpatica, Dysaphis centaureae;

indurata, melanocalathia, Uroleucon jaceae, jaceae ssp. henrichi and ssp. reticulatum;

salicifolia, stenolepis) [Volutaphis centaureae]

C. picris = Rhaponticum repens

C. procurrens Brachycaudus helichrysi; Paczoskia obtecta;

Uroleucon jaceae

C. pseudophrygia = C. phrygia ssp. melanocalathia

C. pubescens Brachycaudus helichrysi

C. pulchella = Hyalea pulchella

C. pullata Brachycaudus helichrysi

C. rhenana = C. stoebe

C. riaeana Brachycaudus helichrysi

C. ruthenica Acaudinum centaureae; Aphis gossypii;

Macrosiphoniella staegeri; Protaphis alexandrae;

Uroleucon jaceae

C. scabiosa (incl. adpressa, Acaudinum centaureae, longisetosum;

alpestris, apiculata, Aphis fabae, Aphis spp. (BMNH colln, Italy and Sweden);

cephalariifolia, sadleriana, Dysaphis centaureae; [Macrosiphum rosae];

tenuifolia) Paczoskia obtecta; Protaphis hartigi, terricola;

Protrama flavescens, radicis;

Trama centaureae, troglodytes;

Uroleucon jaceae, jaceae ssp. henrichi, jaceae ssp.

reticulatum, jaceicola, [picridis]

C. sempervirens = Cheirolophus sempervirens

C. sergii Uroleucon jaceae

C. sibirica Protaphis alexandrae

C. sicula Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi; Uroleucon compositae

C. solstitialis Acaudinum bulgaricum; Brachycaudus cardui;

Macrosiphoniella papillata; Paczoskia obtecta;

Protaphis alexandrae, hartigi, terricola;

Uroleucon jaceae group

C. sphaerocephala (incl. Acaudinum centaureae; Protaphis terricola;

polyacantha) Uroleucon jaceae

C. spinabadia = C. hanryi

C. squarrosa = C. virgata ssp. squarrosa

C. stenolepis = C. phrygia ssp. stenolepis

C. stoebe Acaudinum longisetosum, roumanicum;

Aphis fabae; Dysaphis centaureae;

Macrosiphoniella staegeri;

Protaphis hartigi, terricola, Protaphis sp. (BMNH colln, Czech Republic and Switzerland);

Protrama radicis; Trama centaureae, troglodytes;

Uroleucon jaceae, jaceae ssp. reticulatum, jaceicola

C. trichocephala Uroleucon jaceicola

C. triumfetti (incl. aligera) Aphis fabae; Paczoskia obtecta; Uroleucon jaceae, jaceicola

C. vallesiaca Macrosiphoniella staegeri

C. virgata (incl. ssp. squarrosa) Acyrthosiphon ilka; Aphis magnopilosa

Macrosiphoniella papillata, staegeri, [Macrosiphoniella

(Papillomyzus) sp. (Kadyrbekov 2014e)];

Protaphis alexandrae, [elatior], magnopilosa, terricola,

Protaphis sp. (Kadyrbekov 2005b);

Protrama radicis;

Uroleucon jaceae, jaceae ssp. reticulatum, jaceicola,

jaceicola ssp. kirgisica

C. vochinensis = C. nigrescens

Centaurea spp. Abstrusomyzus phloxae;

[Brachycaudus sp. nr. pruniavium; Bodenheimer &

Swirski 1957, 338];

Capitophorus eleaegni; Macrosiphoniella iranica, riedeli;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Rectinasus buxtoni;

Smynthurodes betae; [Titanosiphon dracunculi];

[Trama rara]; [Uroleucon erigeronense]

Key to apterae on Centaurea:-

1 Antennae densely hairy; e.g. base of last antennal segment with more than 20 hairs …..2

- Antennae less hairy; base of last antennal segment with less than 10 hairs ..…6

2 HT II greatly elongated, more than 0.5 × hind tibia …...3

- HT II of normal length …..5

3 SIPH present as large pores on low pigmented cones. Most apterae alatiform, with dark dorsal markings. ANT PT/BASE 0.4-0.6 …..4

- SIPH absent. Apterae without dark dorsal markings. ANT PT/BASE 0.14-0.3

.....Trama centaureae or Trama troglodytes

4 HT II 0.72-0.87 × length of hind tibia. Hind tibia 5.0-6.4 × ANT IV. R IV with 8-12 accessory (dorsal) hairs ….. Protrama radicis

- HT II 0.50-0.70 × length of hind tibia. Hind tibia 6.5-9.2 × ANT IV. R IV with 6-8 accessory (dorsal) hairs …..Protrama flavescens

5 ANT V BASE and R IV+V both very long, respectively about 1.7 and 2.5 × width of head between antennal bases. ANT II similar in length to ANT I, much shorter than III

.….Rectinasus buxtoni

- ANT V BASE and R IV+V of normal length , both about 0.5 × width of head between antennal bases. ANT II about twice as long as ANT I, similar in length to III

..…Smynthurodes betae

6 SIPH dark with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation. ANT III with 2-86 rhinaria …..7

- SIPH pale or dark, if dark then without any polygonal reticulation. ANT III with 0-10

rhinaria ....17

7 ANT III with only 2-8 rhinaria on basal half. SIPH 0.9-1.3 × cauda. Crescent-shaped antesiphuncular sclerites present …..Macrosiphoniella staegeri

- ANT III with 8-86 rhinaria. SIPH 1.05-2.8 × cauda. Antesiphuncular sclerites present or absent …..8

8 Dorsal abdominal hairs all arising from pale tubercles …..9

- Dorsal abdominal hairs all or mostly arising from dark scleroites …..11

9 Hind tibiae with extensive pale middle regions. Hind femora dappled pale and dark, with a pale distal spot …..Macrosiphoniella iranica

- Hind tibiae wholly black. Hind femora black over distal 0.5 or more of length …..10

10 Femora pale over basal 0.3-0.5 of length …..Macrosiphoniella riedeli

- Femora pale over only basal 0.1-0.2 of length …..Macrosiphoniella papillata

11 Bases of SIPH almost ringed by large semicircular presiphuncular, and less extensive postsiphuncular, sclerites …..Paczoskia obtecta

- Presiphuncular sclerites absent or fragmented …..12

12 Coxae and cauda pale. SIPH 1.2-1.6 × cauda, which bears 23-39 hairs

…..Uroleucon pepperi

- Coxae dark. Cauda pale or dark, but if pale then cauda bears 7-18 hairs …..13

13 ANT I bearing 10-15 hairs. SIPH pale in summer and dark in early spring, 2.0-3.0 × the pale cauda which bears 8-18 hairs …..Uroleucon jaceicola (s. str.)

- ANT I bearing 6-8 hairs. SIPH 1.4-2.6 × cauda which is pale or dark, but if pale bears 7-11 hairs …..14

14 SIPH 1.8-2.6 × the pale cauda which bears 7-11 hairs …..Uroleucon mongolicum

- SIPH 1.4-2.2 × the dark cauda which bears 12-30 hairs …..15

15 Tibiae wholly dark. Hind femora with basal half pale and distal half dark, with a rather sharp transition between. ANT III with 16-54 rhinaria often confined to basal half (but up to 81 rhinaria extending over 0.85 of ANT III in alatiform specimens with rudimentary ocelli occurring when alatae are being produced in early summer). SIPH 1.4-1.8 × cauda

…..Uroleucon jaceae

- Tibiae with paler middle section. Hind femora pale over either much more or much less than half of length. ANT III with 40-86 rhinaria extending over more than half of length. SIPH

1.7-2.2 × cauda …..16

16 R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT II. Femora mainly dark, only pale on basal 0.2-0.3 of length

…..Uroleucon compositae

- R IV+V 1.6-1.9 × HT II. Femora pale over basal 0.67-0.75 of length

…..Uroleucon montanivorum

17 Cauda very broadly rounded, crescent-shaped, with length much less than half of its basal width …..18

- Cauda helmet-shaped, triangular, tongue- or finger-shaped, with length more than half of its basal width …..22

18 SIPH 2.3-4.0 × HT II, with minimum width not greater than width of hind tibia at midlength. Subgenital plate with 10-24 hairs on its anterior half …..19

- SIPH usually 1.6-2.5 × HT II, with minimum width clearly greater than width of hind tibia at midlength. Subgenital plate with 2-4 hairs on anterior half …..21

19 Femoral and trochantral hairs, and those on anterior abdominal sternites, short and blunt, maximally 0.4 × trochantro-femoral suture …..Acaudinum centaureae

- Femoral, trochantral and ventral body hairs long, with finely pointed apices; not much shorter than trochantro-femoral suture …..20

20 HT II 0.136-0.177 mm, and SIPH 0.49-0.75 mm, the product of the two lengths (HT II × SIPH) being 0.080-0.115 …..Acaudinum longisetosum

- HT II 0.125-0.150 mm, and SIPH 0.34-0.53 mm, HT II × SIPH being 0.042-0.077

…..Acaudinum roumanicum

21 Femoral and trochantral hairs long and finely-pointed, maximally 0.7-1.05 × trochantro-femoral suture. SIPH 0.50-0.58 × ANT PT. (Al. without secondary rhinaria on ANT IV)

…..Acaudinum beheni

- Femoral and trochantral hairs short, mostly blunt, maximally 0.4 × trochantro-femoral suture. SIPH 0.39-0.49 × ANT PT. (Al. with 2-6 secondary rhinaria on ANT IV)

…..Acaudinum bulgaricum

22 Cauda helmet-shaped or triangular, 0.7-1.35 × its basal width …..23

- Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, more than 1.4 × its basal width …..28

23 ABD TERG 1 and 7 always with marginal tubercles (MTu), larger than any MTu that may be present on other abdominal segments. Spinal tubercles (STu) absent. Cauda bluntly triangular, without any basal constriction …..24

- ABD TERG 1 and 7 either without MTu, or MTu are present in association with similar large flat MTu on most other abdominal segments, and commonly also with STu on head and ABD TERG 7-8. Cauda helmet-shaped or pentagonal, often somewhat constricted at base …..26

24 SIPH as short cones, clearly shorter than their basal widths and also clearly shorter than (about 0.6 ×) cauda. MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 thin and tapering …..Xerobion zoijae*

- SIPH as short tubes, cylindrical or slightly tapering, about as long as or longer than their basal widths and at least 0.7 × cauda. MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 quite large and

broad-based …..25

25 ANT PT/BASE 0.7-1.2. Dorsal abdominal pigmentation variable but never with dark cross-bands on all tergites …..Protaphis terricola group (incl. alexandrae, centaurea, hartigi, hyaleae and an undescribed species on Centaurea rhenana in C Europe)

- ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.3. Dorsal abdominal pigmentation variable but often comprising complete or fragmented dark cross-bands on all tergites …..Protaphis middletonii group

26 Large, flat MTu present on most segments, their diameters very much greater than that of spiracular apertures, which are broadly reniform and contiguous on ABD TERG 1 and 2.

STu often present on head and ABD TERG 7-8 …..Dysaphis centaureae

- MTu and STu only intermittently or rarely present and much smaller than spiracular apertures, which are large and rounded and not contiguous on ABD TERG 1 and 2 …..27

27 Dorsum with an extensive black shield. SIPH dark, imbricated, 1.7-3.4 × cauda. ANT III 0.31-0.47 mm, 2.4-3.4 × HT II …..Brachycaudus cardui

- Dorsum without dark markings. SIPH pale, smooth-surfaced, 0.8-1.5 × cauda. ANT III

0.07-0.25 mm, 0.9-2.2 × HT II …..Brachycaudus helichrysi

28 Well-developed rounded marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 2-5, as well as very large ones on 1 and 7. R IV+V about equal in length to ANT III …..Aphis sp. (Italy, BMNH collection)

- Papilliform MTu absent or sporadically present on ABD TERG 2-4; only ever consistently present on ABD TERG 1 and 7. R IV+V much shorter than ANT III …..29

29 SIPH 1.9-2.2 × the similarly dark cauda. Papilliform MTu usually present on at least some of ABD TERG 2-4 …..Aphis sp. (Sweden, BMNH collection)

- SIPH 0.7-2.5 × cauda, but if more than 1.8 × then either SIPH and cauda are both pale or cauda is distinctly paler than dark SIPH, and MTu are rarely present on ABD TERG 2-4

…..30

30 Cauda black with 6-8 hairs, and dorsum pale with only a dusky band on ABD TERG 8. R IV+V 1.2-1.3 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-1.95 .....Aphis sp. (Italy, BMNH collection)

- Cauda pale or dark; if black and with only 6-8 hairs then dorsum has extensive black sclerotisation, R IV+V is 0.8-1.0 × HT II and ANT PT/BASE 1.9-3.6 …..31

31 ANT tubercles well-developed with smooth, divergent inner faces. SIPH without subapical polygonal reticulation …..32

- Without that combination of characters. If ANT tubercles are well-developed then either they are steep-sided and somewhat spiculose or scabrous, or SIPH have subapical polygonal reticulation …..33

32 Dorsal hairs thick and capitate, as long as ANT BD III or longer …..Capitophorus elaeagni

- Dorsal hairs small and inconspicuous ….. Acyrthosiphon ilka

33 ANT tubercles well-developed, their inner faces steep-sided and slightly scabrous or spiculose. Head capsule without spicules dorsally, but slightly spiculose ventrally. ANT III with 1-3 small rhinaria near base. SIPH without polygonal reticulation

…..Aulacorthum palustre

- Without that combination of characters. If ANT tubercles are well-developed, then either head is markedly spinulose at least ventrally, with inner faces of ANT tubercles markedly scabrous and parallel or apically convergent, or SIPH have several rows of subapical polygonal reticulation. ANT III with 0-10 rhinaria .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

(specimens running to Aphis fabae could be A. magnopilosa Nevsky)

Centaurium (including Erythraea) Gentianaceae

Centaurium erythraea Aphis gentianae; Myzus cerasi, erythraeae;

Sciamyzus cymbalariae

C. littorale Myzus cerasi

C. pulchellum Aphis gentianae

C. tenuiflorum Brachyunguis harmalae

C. umbellatum = C. erythraea

C. vulgare = C. littorale

Key to apterae on Centaurium:-

1. ANT PT/BASE 0.4-0.7. SIPH 0.3-0.6 × cauda …..Brachyunguis harmalae

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH as long as or longer than cauda …..2

2 Head smooth, ANT tubercles weakly developed, front of head straight or sinuous in dorsal view. Large, domed marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 1-5 and 7

…..Aphis gentianae

- Head scabrous/spinulose, ANT tubercles well-developed, scabrous, their inner faces convergent. Small MTu irregularly present on ABD TERG 1-4, never on 7 …..3

3. SIPH black, tapering/cylindrical, more than 0.2 × BL and longer than ANT III

…..Myzus erythraeae (= cerasi?)

- SIPH pale/dusky, slightly swollen on distal half, less than 0.2 × BL and shorter than ANT III

…..Myzus cymbalariae

Centotheca Poaceae

Centotheca lappacea Pentalonia gavarri (as nigronervosa?)

C. latifolia = C. lappacea

C. mucronata Pseudoregma panicola

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Centranthus Valerianaceae

C. angustifolius Aphis fabae, spiraephaga; Macrosiphum euphorbiae, rosae

C. calcitrapa Aphis fabae, solanella; Macrosiphum rosae, euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus

C. coccineus see C. ruber

C. macrosiphon Aphis craccivora; Macrosiphum rosae; Myzus persicae

C. ruber (incl. var. coccineus) Aphis fabae, gossypii, solanella, spiraecola, spiraephaga;

Macrosiphum centranthi, euphorbiae, rosae;

Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae

Key to apterae on Centranthus:-

1 SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation …..2

- SIPH without polygonal reticulation …..4

2 Head and ANT I-II dark. SIPH wholly dark …..Macrosiphum rosae

- Head and ANT I-II pale. SIPH pale at least at their bases …..3

3 Apices of femora and SIPH dark. ANT 1.3-1.7 × BL. Longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 are

33-50 mm long. Cauda with 11-19 hairs …..Macrosiphum centranthi

- Apices of femora and SIPH pale/dusky. ANT 0.9-1.4 × BL. Longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 20-37 mm long. Cauda with 8-12 hairs …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

4 Head spiculose, with well-developed, steep-sided or apically convergent ANT tubercles. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu)

…..go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 5

- Head not spiculose, ANT tubercles weakly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu

…..5

5 Abdomen without any dark markings on ABD TERG 1-6, and without or with only a small lightly-pigmented sclerites on ABD TERG 8, or 7 and 8 …..6

- Abdomen with either a dark dorsal shield or at least some scattered dark markings on ABD TERG 1-6, following the polygonal pattern of reticulation of the cuticle, and usually with dark transverse sclerites on ABD TERG 7 and 8 …..7

6 Cauda paler than SIPH, and bearing 4-7(-8) hairs. Longest hind femoral hairs only 0.4-0.7 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture …..Aphis gossypii

- Cauda as dark as SIPH, usually with a midway constriction, and bearing 7-15 hairs. Longest hind femoral hairs more than 0.8 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture

…..Aphis spiraecola

7 Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid black sclerite centred on ABD TERG 4-5. Cauda rather pointed and bearing 4-7 hairs .....Aphis craccivora

- Dorsal abdomen often with variably developed dark markings, but without an extensive black sclerite. Cauda rounded apically and bearing 7-27 hairs …..8

8 Longest hairs on ANT III 0.5-0.9 × BD III. R IV+V 0.65-0.92 × HT II. SIPH 0.7-1.1 × cauda. Femora pigmented throughout length …..Aphis spiraephaga

- Longest hairs on ANT III 0.8-3.4 × BD III. R IV+V 0.9-1.4 × HT II. SIPH 0.8-1.9 × cauda. Femora with unpigmented section at base …..Aphis fabae or A. solanella

(for separation of these two species see couplet 35 of polyphagous aphids key)

Centrosema Leguminosae

Centrosema arenarium Aphis gossypii; Microparsus brasiliensis

C. pubescens Aphis craccivora

Key for apterae on Centrosema:-

1 ANT tubercles well-developed. SIPH with basal half pale, distal half dark and slightly clavate. (Alatae with black-bordered wing veins) …..Microparsus brasiliensis

- ANT tubercles weakly developed. SIPH tapering, wholly dark …..2

2 Dorsal abdomen with an extensive dark sclerite. Cauda dark …..Aphis craccivora

- Dorsal abdomen without dark markings. Cauda paler than SIPH …..Aphis gossypii

Cephalanthera Orchidaceae

Cephalanthera damasonium Aphis fabae, solanella

C. longifolia Aulacorthum solani

C. rubra Aphis fabae

Cephalanthera sp. Aphis craccivora

Use key to polyphagous aphids, or try key to orchid-feeding aphids under Cymbidium.

Cephalanthus Rubiaceae

Cephalanthus occidentalis Aphis cephalanthi

Cephalaria Dipsacaceae

C. corniculata = C. uralensis

C. gigantea Aphis cephalariae; Dysaphis cephalarioides;

Macrosiphum rosae

C. joppensis Brachycaudus helichrysi

C. joppica = C. joppensis

C. leucantha Dysaphis cephalarioides

C. syriaca Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae

C. tatarica = C. gigantea

C. uralensis Dysaphis cephalarioides; Macrosiphum rosae

Key to apterae on Cephalaria:-

1 Head black with well-developed ANT tubercles, their inner faces smooth and divergent. SIPH long and black, 0.3-0.45 × BL, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation

…..Macrosiphum rosae

- Without that combination of characters. If ANT tubercles are well developed then head and SIPH are not black …..2

2 Large flat marginal tubercles (MTu) present on thorax and ABD TERG 1-5 and 7 (and some-times on 6), and similar spinal tubercles (STu) on head, pronotum, ABD TERG 1, 7 and 8. Dorsal abdomen with dark sclerites …..Dysaphis cephalarioides

- MTu and STu if present then small and tubercular and restricted to fewer segments. Dorsal abdomen with or without dark sclerites …..3

3 Dorsum with extensive dark sclerotisation varying from an almost solid carapace to broad cross-bands (the latter in small midsummer specimens). Longest hairs on ANT III 1.8-2.8 × BD III. ABD TERG 8 with 6-12 hairs and cauda with 12-20 hairs …..Aphis cephalariae

- Without that combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Cephalonoplos see Cirsium Compositae

Cephalotaxus Cephalotaxaceae

Cephalotaxus drupacea [Cinara longipennis]; Mindarus japonicus

Cerastium Caryophyllaceae

C. alpinum Myzus certus, icelandicus, persicae, polaris

C. angustifolium = C. arvense

C. arvense Aphis cerastii, sambuci; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycolus cerastii;

Myzus ascalonicus, certus, cymbalariae; [Sitobion avenae];

Smynthurodes betae

C. biebersteinii Myzus cymbalariae

C. caespitosum = C. fontanum ssp. vulgare

C. cerastoides Acyrthosiphon ilka; Aphidura alatavica;

Macrosiphum stellariae

C. davuricum Brachycolus cerastii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

C. diffusum Myzus certus

C. edmonstonii = C. nigrescens

C. fontanum (incl. Aphidura alatavica; Aulacorthum solani;

holosteoides, triviale, vulgare) Brachycaudus helichrysi; Brachycolus cerastii;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ascalonicus, certus, cymbalariae, persicae, polaris

C. glomeratum Abstrusomyzus phloxae; Aphis fabae; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; Brachycolus cerastii;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ascalonicus, persicae

C. holosteoides = C. fontanum ssp. vulgare

C. ligusticum Myzus certus

C. macranthum Myzus cymbalariae

C. nigrescens Acyrthosiphon auctum

C. pumilum Myzus ascalonicus, certus, persicae

C. semidecandrum Aulacorthum solani; Myzus ascalonicus, certus, persicae

C. soleirolii Aphidura corsicensis

C. sylvaticum Aulacorthum solani

C. tetrandrum = C. diffusum

C. tianshanicum Acyrthosiphon ilka; Aulacorthum solani

C. tomentosum Aulacorthum solani; Brachycolus cerastii;

Myzus ascalonicus, certus, cymbalariae

C. triviale = C. fontanum ssp. vulgare

C. uniflorum Thecabius cerastii

C. vulgatum =C. glomeratum

Cerastium spp. [Nasonovia brevipes]

Key to apterae on Cerastium:-

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH absent …..2

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5. SIPH present, tubular (sometimes small) …..3

2 Primary rhinaria ringed with short hairs. Dorsal abdomen with wax pore plates

…..Thecabius cerastii

- Primary rhinaria with sclerotic, hairless rims. Dorsal abdomen without wax pore plates

…..Smynthurodes betae

3 Head smooth or wrinkled, or with a few spicules on ventral side only …..4

- Head densely spiculose or nodulose …..15

4 SIPH very small, flangeless, conical or barrel-shaped, less than 0.3 × cauda …..5

- SIPH more than 0.7 × cauda …..6

5 ABD TERG 8 with a small rounded median process bearing two hairs. R IV+V at least 0.9 × HT II, and longer than ANT IV …..Brachycolus cerastii

- ABD TERG 8 without a median process. R IV+V 0.55-0.72 × HT II, shorter than ANT IV

…..Brachycolus stellariae

6 ABD TERG 1 and 7 (at least) with marginal tubercles (MTu) …..7

- ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu …..9

7 MTU absent from ABD TERG 2-4, or only intermittently present and small on these segments …..Aphis fabae

- Large MTu present on ABD TERG 2-4 as well as 1 and 7 …..8

8 SIPH uniformly dark, 2.1-3.5 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 2.1-2.9 …..Aphis sambuci

- SIPH paler at bases, less than 2 × cauda (?). ANT PT/BASE 3.2-3.6 …..Aphis cerastii*

9 Cauda short, helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width. SIPH with a subapical annular incision. Spiracular apertures large and rounded …..Brachycaudus helichrysi

- Cauda tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width. Spiracular apertures reniform …..10

10 SIPH with polygonal reticulation on subapical 0.12-0.20 of length

…..11

- SIPH without any distinct zone of polygonal reticulation …..12

11 Femora usually with a dark spot or patch near apices (Fig.51a). ABD TERG 2-3 with longest hair 26-56 μm, usually as long as or longer than ANT BD III. Subgenital plate with 2-13 hairs in addition to those on posterior margin .....Macrosiphum stellariae

- Femora pale or only slightly dusky at apices. ABD TERG 2-3 with longest hair 21-37 μm, usually shorter than ANT BD III. Subgenital plate with 2(-4) hairs on anterior part

.....Macrosiphum euphorbiae

12 Dorsal abdomen with dark sclerotisation, either as separate sclerites at base of dorsal hairs or as more extensive bars or broken patches. ANT shorter than BL, and ANT III without rhinaria. SIPH dusky/dark, especially towards apices, and slightly or distinctly swollen on distal half …..13

- Dorsal abdomen without dark sclerotisation. ANT longer than BL. ANT III usually with 1-3 rhinaria near base. SIPH pale, tapering/cylindrical …..14

13 SIPH with very slight distal swelling, and 1.8-2.0 × cauda. Dorsal abdomen with separate rounded dark sclerites at bases of dorsal hairs …..Aphidura corsicensis

- SIPH distinctly swollen on distal half, and 1.5-1.7 × cauda. Dorsal abdomen with variable but more extensive sclerotisation, consisting of a broken spino-pleural patch or cross-bands

…..Aphidura alatavica

14 SIPH 0.25-0.33 × BL, and 1.5-2.4 × cauda .....Acyrthosiphon ilka

- SIPH 0.11-0.17 × BL, and 0.85-1.33 × cauda ..... Acyrthosiphon auctum

15 SIPH tapering gradually from base to flange. ANT III usually with 1-2 small rhinaria near base …..Aulacorthum solani

- SIPH slightly to moderately swollen distally. ANT III without rhinaria …..16

16 SIPH 0.54-0.81 × ANT III …..17

- SIPH 0.82-1.34 × ANT III …..18

17 Inner faces of ANT tubercles approximately parallel in dorsal view. SIPH almost smooth or weakly imbricated, with narrowest part of basal “stem” not wider than hind tibia at midlength. Dorsal cuticle smooth or slightly wrinkled …..Myzus ascalonicus

- Inner faces of ANT tubercles with convergent apices. SIPH heavily imbricated or scabrous, with narrowest part of stem a little wider than hind tibia at midlength. Dorsal cuticle scaly

…..Myzus cymbalariae

18 ANT tubercles not apically convergent. SIPH rather short and thick, dark, with width of narrowest part of stem more than 0.13 of length. ANT 5- or 6-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE 1.1-2.8 …..Myzus polaris

- ANT tubercles apically convergent, or with apically convergent processes. SIPH pale or dusky with narrowest part of stem less than 0.13 of length. ANT always 6-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE 2.6-5.1 …..19

19 ANT tubercles themselves rather low, but with scabrous processes extending forward from ANT bases. SIPH weakly swollen subapically (over about distal 0.25). Dorsum with an evident reticulate pattern …..Abstrusomyzus phloxae

- ANT tubercles broadly rounded, without forwardly-directed processes. SIPH slightly to moderately swollen over about distal 0.5. Dorsum without a reticulate pattern …..20

20 R IV+V in most specimens with only one pair of lateral accessory hairs (plus 0-3 ventral accessory hairs). Value of function CAUDA/(ANT III × PT) in range 0.80-1.52, but rarely more than 1.25 except in small specimens (those with ANT III less than 0.32 mm)

…..Myzus persicae

- R IV+V in most specimens with two pairs of lateral accessory hairs. Value of function CAUDA/(ANT III × PT) in range 1.2-2.7 (rarely less than 1.25) …..21

21 R IV+V shorter than or about as long as (0.85-1.1 × ) ANT BASE VI …..Myzus certus

- R IV+V usually longer than (1.0-1.2 × ) ANT BASE VI …..Myzus icelandicus

Cerasus see Prunus Rosaceae

Ceratocarpus Amaranthaceae

Ceratocarpus arenarius Aphis craccivora

Ceratocephalus Ranunculaceae

Ceratocephalus falcatus Dysaphis pulverina

Ceratochloa see Bromus Poaceae

Ceratoides Amaranthaceae

Ceratoides ewersmanniana = Krascheninnikovia ewersmanniana

C. latens = Krascheninnikovia ceratoides

C. papposa = Krascheninnikovia ceratoides

Ceratonia Leguminosae

Ceratonia. siliqua Carob

Aphis craccivora, gossypii

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Ceratophyllum Ceratophyllaceae

Ceratophyllum submersus Sipha glyceriae

Ceratophyllum sp. Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

Use key to apterae on Sagittaria.

Ceratostigma Plumbaginaceae

Ceratostigma willmottianum Myzus ornatus, persicae

Ceratotheca Pedaliaceae

Ceratotheca sesamoides Aphis gossypii

Cercidiphyllum Cercidiphyllaceae

Cercidiphyllum japonicum [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972, 99)]

Aulacorthum cercidiphylli; Myzus persicae

C. magnificum Aulacorthum cercidiphylli

Key to aphids on Cercidiphyllum:-

- Inner faces of antennal tubercles parallel or slightly divergent in dorsal view. ANT III of
aptera usually with 1-3 small rhinaria near base. Femora usually dark apically. Alata without a black dorsal abdominal patch .....Aulacorthum cercidiphylli

- Inner faces of antennal tubercles convergent in dorsal view. ANT III of aptera never with
rhinaria. Alata with a black dorsal abdominal patch .....Myzus persicae

Cercis Leguminosae

Cercis canadensis Longistigma caryae; Aphis pawneepae

C. chilensis Aulacorthum solani

C. siliquastrum Judas Tree

Aphis craccivora, fabae, spiraecola; Myzus persicae

Key to apterae on Cercis:-

1 BL more than 4 mm. ANT PT/BASE less than 1. Alata with pterostigma extending around tip of forewing .....Longistigma caryae

- BL less than 3 mm. ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5. Alata with pterostigma stopping short of forewing tip .....2

2 SIPH short and dark, similar in length to the dark triangular cauda which bears c.20 hairs. ANT PT/BASE slightly less than 2. Prothorax with a pair of very large marginal tubercles. Alata with 2-5 (commonly only 2) secondary rhinaria on basal part of ANT III

.....Aphis pawneepae

- Without that combination of characters .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Cercocarpus Rosaceae

Cercocarpus montanus Acyrthosiphon sp. nr pseudodirhodum; Aphis cercocarpi;

Illinoia gracilicornis

C. parvifolius = C. montanus

Key to apterae on Cercocarpus:-

1 ANT shorter than BL. ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.3. SIPH dark, tapering, 0.10-0.15 × BL and 1.1-1.6 × cauda, which is also dark.. Black cross-bands often present on posterior abdomen. Marginal tubercles (MTu) constantly on ABD TERG 1 and 7, and sporadically on 2-6

…..Aphis cercocarpi

- ANT much longer than BL. ANT PT/BASE 3.6-6.0. SIPH, cauda and abdomen pale. MTu always absent from ABD TERG 1 and 7, sporadically on 2-5 …..2

2 SIPH c. 0.30-0.35 × BL and 2.7-2.9 × cauda; slightly swollen on distal third, with polygonal reticulation distal to swollen part. R IV+V 1.3-1.4 × HT II .....Illinoia gracilicornis

- SIPH 0.12-0.15 × BL and about equal in length to cauda, not swollen distally and without any polygonal reticulation. R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II

..... Acyrthosiphon sp. nr pseudodirhodum

Cereus Cactaceae

Cereus nycticaulus = Selenicereus grandiflorus

C. triangularis Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Cereus sp. Aphis gossypii

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Cerinthe Boraginaceae

Cerinthe glabra Brachycaudus cerinthis; Macrosiphum cerinthiacum

C. major Brachycaudus bicolor; Macrosiphum cerinthiacum

C. minor Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus bicolor, cerinthis;

Macrosiphum cerinthiacum, euphorbiae, [stellariae]

Key to apterae on Cerinthe:-

1 Cauda semi-circular or helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width. Spiracular apertures large and rounded. Dorsum with broad dark transverse bands, separate or partially fused between tergites. ANT tubercles undeveloped. ANT III without rhinaria. SIPH dark, without polygonal reticulation …..2

- Without that combination of characters …..3

2. Large, flat marginal tubercles (MTu), usually larger than spiracles, present on all thoracic segments and ABD TERG 1-7. SIPH about 2 × cauda, with a large flange

…..Brachycaudus bicolor

- MTu only irregularly present and always smaller than spiracles. SIPH very short, conical, similar in length to or shorter than cauda, with an undeveloped or small flange

…..Brachycaudus cerinthis

3 ANT tubercles well developed, smooth, with inner faces divergent. ANT III with 1-20 rhinaria. SIPH long, mostly pale, with a darker or duskier subapical zone of polygonal reticulation; about 2 × the long finger-like cauda …..4

- Without that combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

4 Legs with dark spots near femoral apices. ANT III with 8-20 rhinaria

…..Macrosiphum cerinthiacum

- Femora pale or only slightly dusky at apices. ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria

…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Cerinthodes Boraginaceae

Cerinthodes paniculatum see Mertensia paniculata

Ceropegia Apocynaceae

Ceropegia linearis ssp. woodii = C. woodii

C. radicans Aphis nerii

C. stapeliiformis Aphis nerii

C. woodii Neomyzus circumflexus

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Ceropteris Polypodiaceae

Ceropteris calomelanos Idiopterus nephrelepidis

(or try key to fern-feeding aphids under Polypodium)

Cestrum Solanaceae

Cestrum aurantiacum Aphis fabae, spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani;

Myzus persicae

C. diurnum Aphis aurantii, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani; Myzus persicae

C. elegans Aphis fabae, spiraecola; Myzus persicae

C. euanthes Aphis solanella; Myzus persicae

C. fasciculatum Aphis aurantii, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

[Greenideoida lutea]; Myzus ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus

C. laevigatum Aphis spiraecola

C. laurifolium Aphis spiraecola

C. leucocarpum = C. nocturnum

C. newellii = C. fasciculatum

C. nocturnum Aphis aurantii, craccivora, fabae, gossypii, solanella,

spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani; [Eriosoma lanigerum];

Myzus persicae

C. parqui Aphis aurantii, fabae, solanella, spiraecola;

Myzus persicae

C. pseudoquina = C. euanthes

C. purpureum = C. elegans

Cestrum spp. Aphis nasturtii, Aphis sp.(India, BMNH collection);

Pseudomegoura magnoliae; [Sitobion rosaeformis]

Key to apterae on Cestrum:-

- SIPH and cauda both black, SIPH 0.8-0.9 × cauda which bears 6-8 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 1.6-1.95. R IV+V 1.1-1.3 × HT II ….. Aphis sp.(India, BMNH collection)

- Without that combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Ceterach see Asplenium Aspleniaceae

Ceterach officinarum see Asplenium ceterach

Chaenactis Compositae

Chaenactis douglasii Uroleucon (Lambersius) sp. (western USA, BMNH

collection)

Chaenomeles Rosaceae

Chaenomeles japonica Aphis craccivora, fabae, frangulae, gossypii, nerii, pomi,

(incl. maulei) spiraecola, spiraephaga;

Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus helichrysi, [persicae];

Illinoia macgillivrayae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus, persicae; Ovatus insitus, malisuctus;

Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae, [nymphaeae, padi]

Ch. lagenaria Aphis gossypii, nerii, pomi, spiraecola;

Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Dysaphis sp. (Japan; Stroyan 1985 and BMNH collection);

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae;

[Sitobion sp. (Millar 1994)]

Ch. maulei = Ch. japonica

Ch. sinensis Aphis spiraecola; Myzus persicae;

Ovatus insitus, Ovatus sp. near crataegarius (?malicolens;

Korea, BMNH collection and Japan, Moritsu 1983);

Prociphilus chaenomelis; Pseudomegoura magnoliae; [Sappaphis piri]

Ch. speciosa Aphis citricidus, gossypii, pomi; Aulacorthum solani;

Myzus ornatus, persicae; Ovatus malisuctus;

Schizaphis chaenometicola; [Sitobion sp. (Millar 1994)]

Ch. trichogyna = Ch. japonica

Key to apterae on Chaenomeles (except first couplet, also applicable to alatae):-

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 0.3. SIPH absent or as very small pores. Wax gland plates on head, thorax and abdomen .....Prociphilus chaenomelis

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5. SIPH present, tubular. No wax gland plates .....2

2 Head with well-developed ANT tubercles, their inner faces scabrous or at least somewhat spiculose, and steep-sided or apically convergent …..3

- Head with ANT tubercles either absent or weakly developed, or very well developed and smooth and divergent …..8

3 Genital plate enlarged and produced posteriorly. SIPH dark, very coarsely imbricated

…..Ovatus malisuctus

- Genital plate normal. SIPH pale, weakly to moderately imbricated …..4

4 ANT III usually with 1-2 small rhinaria near base. Inner faces of antennal tubercles spiculose, approximately parallel …..5

- ANT III without rhinaria. Inner faces of ANT tubercles scabrous, convergent apically …..6

5 Dorsal side of head almost devoid of spicules. SIPH slightly clavate. Femora dark except at bases .....Pseudomegoura magnoliae

- Head densely spiculose dorsally as well as ventrally. SIPH tapering/ cylindrical with no trace of swelling. Femora dark only at apices .....Aulacorthum solani

6 SIPH slightly clavate. R IV+V 1.0-1.2 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 3.1-4.6 …..Myzus persicae

- SIPH gradually tapering. R IV+V 1.25-1.5 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 4.2-6.1 .....7

7 ANT PT/BASE 4.9-6.1 (Al. emigrant with sec. rhin. distributed ANT III 60-83, IV 36-42, V 13-22) …..Ovatus insitus

- ANT PT/BASE 4.2-5.3. (Al. emigrant with sec. rhin. distributed ANT III 48-60, IV 26-38, V 10-15) .....Ovatus sp. (?malicolens) Korea, BMNH collection)

8 SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles very well developed. ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria. Body spindle-shaped …..9

- SIPH without polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles weakly developed or absent. ANT III without rhinaria. Body ovate …..10

9 SIPH swollen on distal half, proximal to reticulated part. Hairs on ANT III all less than 0.4

× BD III .....Illinoia macgillivrayae

- SIPH cylindrical on distal half (sometimes with some constriction of reticulated part). Hairs on ANT III 0.6-1.0 × BD III .....Macrosiphum euphorbiae

10 Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, clearly longer than its basal width. (Al. without a black dorsal abdominal patch) .….11

- Cauda short, helmet-shaped or triangular, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view. (Al. with an extensive black dorsal abdominal patch) …..20

11 Abdomen without any marginal tubercles (MTu). SIPH thin and cylindrical with a small flange, 1.1-1.3 × the very thick cauda which bears 6-7 hairs

…..Schizaphis chaenometicola

- Abdomen with MTu at least on ABD TERG 1 and 7. SIPH and cauda not as above …..12

12 SIPH slightly swollen subapically and constricted before the well-developed flange. MTu on ABD TERG 7 placed posteriodorsally to spiracle, and no larger than spiracular aperture

…..Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae

- SIPH tapering from base to flange, which is only moderately developed. MTu on ABD TERG 7 placed posterioventrally to spiracle, and usually larger than the spiracular aperture

…..13

13 Stridulatory apparatus present. ANT PT/BASE 3.5-5.0 …..14

- No stridulatory apparatus. ANT PT/BASE less than 3.5 …..15

14 Longest hairs on ANT III 12-27 μm long, 0.5-1.0 × BD III. Longest hairs on hind tibia up to 60 μm long, less than 0.6 × HT II. Cauda with 10-26 hairs (rarely more than 20). BL often less than 2 mm .....Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

- Longest hairs on ANT III 29-64 μm long, 1.5-2.0 × BD III. Longest hairs on hind tibia up to 80-110 μm long, 0.7-1.0 × HT II. Cauda with 19-54 hairs (rarely less than 25). BL usually more than 2 mm ..... Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus

15 Dorsal abdomen almost wholly covered by an extensive solid black sclerite. Cauda black and usually bearing 4-7 hairs .....Aphis craccivora

- Dorsal abdomen without an extensive solid black sclerite. Cauda if black then usually with more hairs .....16

16 Femoral hairs mostly much shorter than trochantro-femoral suture …..17

- Femoral hairs long and fine, many exceeding length of trochantro-femoral suture …..18

17 SIPH 1.3-2.5 × the pale or dusky cauda, which bears 4-8 hairs. R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings …..Aphis gossypii

- SIPH and cauda both similarly dark, SIPH being 0.7-1.1 × cauda,which bears 7-17 hairs. R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen usually with dark markings …..Aphis spiraephaga

18 ABD TERG 7 and 8 with dark transverse bands, and at least some dark spinopleural markings on abdomen anterior to SIPH …..Aphis fabae

- No dark dorsal abdominal markings …..19

19 MTu usually present on ABD TERG 2-4. Cauda with 10-19 hairs. R IV+V more than 120 mm …..Aphis pomi

- MTu usually absent from ABD TERG 2-4. Cauda with 7-15 hairs (rarely more than 12).

R IV+V less than 120 mm …..Aphis spiraecola

20 Spiracles large and rounded. Abdomen with MTu irregularly present, always smaller than spiracular apertures. (Al.with 13-46 rhinaria on ANT III and 0-15 on IV)