HOST LISTS and KEYS

[The European spp. formerly placed in Cacalia are now in Adenostyles, the African spp in Crassocephalum, the eastern asiatic spp. in Parasenecio, the central American spp. in Psacalium, and the North American spp. mostly in Arnoglossum and Hasteola.]

Cacalia atriplicifolia = Arnoglossum atriplicifolium

C. auriculata = Parasenecio auriculatus

C. delphiniifolia = Parasenecio delphiniifolia

C. hastata = Parasenecio hastatus

C. hirsuta = Adenostyles alliariae

C. sonchifolia = Emilia sonchifolia

C. suaveolens = Hasteola suaveolens

C. tuberosa = Arnoglossum plantagineum

Cachrys (including Hippomarathrum) Apiaceae

Cachrys crispum Anuraphis pyrilaseri; Aphis umbelliferarum

C. ferulacea (?) Anuraphis pyrilaseri

C. libanotis Anuraphis cachryos; [Dysaphis crataegi]

C. macrocarpa (?) [Aphis craccivora]

C. pabularia see Prangos pabularia

C. sicula Anuraphis cachryos

Key to aphids on Cachrys:-

(N.B. all 3 species in the key have a short cauda, and marginal tubercles on most abdominal segments.)

1 SIPH rudimentary, hardly thicker than ANT III, about 0.5 × the triangular cauda, which bears 6-7 short subapical hairs .….Aphis umbelliferarum

- SIPH conical, broad-based, bearing close-set rows of minute spinules, 1.4-2.5 × cauda which is rounded at apex and bears 7-12 long hairs ..…2

2 Marginal tubercles (MTu) usually present on all of ABD TERG 1-7. SIPH 0.12-0.19 mm long, 1.4-1.9 × cauda .....Anuraphis cachryos

- MTu on ABD TERG 1-5 only, not on ABD TERG 6-7. SIPH 0.18-0.28 mm long, 1.8-2.5 × cauda …..Anuraphis pyrilaseri

“Cactus” (see Mamillaria, Melocactus, Opuntia) Cactaceae

“Cactus” spp. Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae; Smynthurodes betae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Caesalpinia Fabaceae

Caesalpinia angulata [Acyrthosiphon kondoi]; Aphis spiraecola

C. coriaria Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

C. decapetala Aphis gossypii

C. gilliesii Aphis craccivora

C. pulcherrima Aphis craccivora, gossypii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

C. sepiaria = C. decapetala

Caesalpinia spp. Myzus persicae; [Sitobion aulacorthoides]

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Cajanus (see also Atylosia) Fabaceae

Cajanus cajan (incl. indicus) [Acyrthosiphon caraganae];

Aphis craccivora, fabae, glycines, gossypii, spiraecola;

Brachycaudus [cardui], helichrysi;

Cervaphis rappardi, rappardi ssp. indica, schouteniae;

[Uroleucon compositae (as Macrosiphum neavei

Theobald, a nomen dubium)];

Megoura lespedezae; Myzus persicae;

Sitobion nigrinectarium

Key to aphids on Cajanus:-

(This is a revised version of the key to aphids on pigeon pea in Blackman & Eastop (2000), incorporating two more species.)

1 Body with large, branched marginal hair-bearing processes .….2

- Body without large branched marginal processes …..3

2 Dorsal hairs very numerous, e.g. c.40-60 on head between eyes. Hairs on dorsal abdomen mostly with rounded apices ….. Cervaphis rappardi

- Dorsal hairs less numerous, e.g. less than 25 on head between eyes. Most hairs on dorsal abdomen have acute, lanceolate or bifurcate apices ….. Cervaphis schouteniae

3 Cauda helmet-shaped, a little shorter than its basal width. Spiracular apertures rounded

…..Brachycaudus helichrysi

- Cauda tongue-shaped, clearly longer than its basal width. Spiraclular apertures reniform

.….4

4 SIPH pale, slightly clavate, about 2 × cauda. ANT well developed with inner faces convergent, scabrous …..Myzus persicae

- SIPH dark. ANT tubercles weakly developed, or with smooth, divergent inner faces …..5

5 Cauda as dark as SIPH ..…6

- Cauda paler than SIPH ..…8

6 Dorsal abdomen usually with an extensive solid black shield. Cauda with 4-7 hairs

..…Aphis craccivora

- Dorsal abdomen without extensive dark markings anterior to SIPH. Cauda with 7-25 hairs

..…7

7 Dorsal abdomen without any dark markings. Cauda usually with a midway constriction, and bearing 7-15 hairs .....Aphis spiraecola

- Dorsal abdomen with dark bands on ABD TERG 8, or 7 and 8, and often with dark markings anterior to SIPH. Cauda without a constriction, and bearing 11-25 hairs

…..Aphis fabae

8 ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting beyond middle part of head in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu) .….9

- ANT tubercles projecting beyond middle part of front of head in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu .....10

9 Cauda 0.08-0.125 × BL (only more than 0.12 × BL in very small specimens with BL less than 1 mm); pale to dusky, without a constriction, less than 3 × longer than its width at midlength, and bearing 2-7 (usually 5-6) hairs …..Aphis gossypii

- Cauda 0.125-0.16 × BL, very pale, usually with a slight mid-way constriction, more than 3 × longer than its narrowest width at midlength, and bearing 6-9 (usually 8) hairs

..…Aphis glycines

10 SIPH tapering, more than 1.5 × cauda, with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.12-0.25 of length .….Sitobion nigrinectarium

- SIPH slightly swollen, less than 1.5 × cauda, without any polygonal reticulation

..…Megoura lespedezae

Cakile Brassicaceae

Cakile edentula var. islandica Acyrthosiphon auctum

C. maritima (incl. ssp. euxina) Acyrthosiphon auctum; Aphis fabae;

Brevicoryne brassicae; Lipaphis erysimi;

[Cavariella theobaldi]; [Hyadaphis foeniculi];

Myzus persicae, [varians]

Key to aphids on Cakile:-

1 ANT III 2.5-3.7 × SIPH. Cauda short, broad-based, triangular .….Brevicoryne brassicae

- ANT III less than 2 × SIPH. Cauda tongue-shaped .….2

2 SIPH cylindrical or slightly tapering, 0.85-1.33 × cauda. SIPH and cauda both pale, concolorous with body. ANT III with 1-3 small rhinaria near base

…..Acyrthosiphon auctum

- SIPH tapering or slightly swollen on distal half; if less than 1.33 × cauda then both SIPH and cauda are dusky or dark. ANT III without any rhinaria .….3

3 SIPH black and tapering from base to flange. Marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 1 and 7 .….Aphis fabae group

- SIPH dusky/dark or pale with slight to moderate swelling. No MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 …..4

4 ANT tubercles well developed, scabrous, with convergent inner faces. SIPH pale, 1.9-2.5 × cauda .….Myzus persicae

- ANT tubercles weakly developed. SIPH usually dusky or dark, 1.3-1.6 × cauda

.….Lipaphis erysimi

Caladium Araceae

Caladium bicolor Aphis gossypii; Melanaphis sacchari;

Pentalonia caladii

C. colocasia =Colocasia esculenta

Caladium spp. Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Key to aphids on Caladium:-

1 ANT tubercles well developed, spiculose, pointed. Femora with basal 0.6 or more pale, contrasting with black distal section. SIPH pale basally and dark distally, and slightly swollen subapically. (Al. with broad-banded wing veins, and radius fused with media to form a closed cell below pterostigma) .….Pentalonia caladii

- ANT tubercles weakly developed, without spicules. Femora either mainly dark or mainly pale. SIPH dark, tapering, without any subapical swelling. Al. with normal, pale wing venation ..…2

2 Cauda pale or dusky with 4-8 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 2.1-3.2 ..…Aphis gossypii

- Cauda dark with 9-26 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 3.2-5.0 .....3

3 R IV+V 1.3-1.6. SIPH 0.9-1.5 × cauda. Stridulatory apparatus present

.…. Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

- R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II. SIPH 0.7-0.95 × cauda. No stridulatory apparatus

.....Melanaphis sacchari

Calalia see Cacalia Asteraceae

Calamagrostis Poaceae

Calamagrostis × acutiflora Laingia psammae

C. arenaria = Ammophila arenaria

C. argentea = Stipa calamagrostis

C. arundinacea Anoecia major; Chaetosiphella stipae ssp. setosa;

Forda marginata; Laingia psammae;

[Pemphigus gramineus Shinji];

Schizaphis graminum, jaroslavi, longicaudata;

Sitobion avenae, fragariae; [Watabura nishiyae]

C. canescens Anoecia corni; Diuraphis calamagrostis; Forda formicaria;

Rhopalosiphum padi; Schizaphis dubia, graminum;

Sitobion fragariae

C. deschampsioides Metopolophium dirhodum

C. epigeios Anoecia corni, furcata, major, vagans, zirnitsi;

Atheroides serrulatus; Diuraphis calamagrostis;

Forda formicaria; Geoica utricularia; Hyalopterus pruni;

Laingia psammae; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Paracletus bykovi, cimiciformis;

Rhopalosiphum padi; Schizaphis graminum, jaroslavi ;

Sipha arenarii, glyceriae, littoralis, maydis;

Sitobion africanum, avenae, fragariae, graminearum;

Tetraneura africana, ulmi

C. lanceolata = C. canescens

C. langsdorfii = C. purpurea

C. littorea = C. pseudophragmites

C. neglecta = C. stricta

C. pilosula Tetraneura indica

C. pseudophragmites Hyalopterus pruni; Laingia psammae; Sipha maydis;

Sitobion avenae

C. purpurea Diuraphis calamagrostis; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Schizaphis nigerrima, thunebergi; Sitobion avenae

C. stricta Diuraphis calamagrostis; Laingia psammae;

Rhopalosiphum padi;

Schizaphis nigerrima, [Schizaphis sp. (Stekolshchikov 2017)]; Sitobion avenae

C. villosa Laingia psammae; Sitobion avenae

Calamagrostis spp. Schizaphis cuprea; Sitobion beiquei

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Calamintha Lamiaceae

Calamintha acinos = Clinopodium acinos

C. alpina = Clinopodium alpinum

C. clinopodium = Clinopodium vulgare

C. grandiflora = Clinopodium grandiflorum

C. nepeta = Clinopodium nepeta

C. officinalis = Clinopodium nepeta ssp. glandulosum

C. sylvatica = Clinopodium menthifolium

C. umbrosa = Clinopodium umbrosum

Calamintha spp. [Aphis nepetae]; Eucarazzia elegans;

(= Clinopodium spp.?) Ovatomyzus chamaedrys

See key under Clinopodium

Calamistrum Marsileaceae

Calamistrum globuliferum Neomyzus circumflexus

Calamus Arecaceae

Calamus quinquesetinervius Cerataphis jamuritsu

C. rotang Cerataphis brasiliensis, lataniae

C. unifarius Astegopteryx nipae

Key to apterae on Calamus and other aphids on palms (Arecaceae):-

1 SIPH present as shallow cones or pores …..2

- Siphunculi tubular …..9

2 Head without frontal horns …..Tuberaphis xinglongensis*

- Head with frontal horns …..3

3 Body dorsoventrally flattened, almost circular, wholly sclerotic with a distinct crenulate marging due to a continuous ring of wax glands (e.g. Fig. 43a) .....4

- Body elongate oval, not dorsoventrally flattened, not wholly sclerotic and without a continuous crenulate margin, but usually with well-developed marginal elongate oval wax glands, arranged in groups segmentally with long axes parallel .....7

4 Frontal horns clearly longer than ANT III .....Cerataphis jamuritsu*

- Frontal horns shorter than ANT III ......5

5 Frontal horns finger-like, rounded apically, very close together (Fig. 43d)

…..Cerataphis formosana

- Frontal horns pointed, and well separated (Fig. 43e) …..6

6 Underside of head with at least one pair of thick, dagger-like hairs situated lateroventral to bases of frontal horns (Fig. 43b). Cauda with 4-8 mainly long hairs

.....Cerataphis brasiliensis

- Underside of head with only fine hairs (Fig. 43c). Cauda with 8-16 hairs of various sizes

.....Cerataphis lataniae

7 Dorsal abdomen with segmental markings consisting of broad transverse bars, sometimes broken into paired, dark patches. Large marginal abdominal wax glands, segmentally arranged in often rather irregular groups (e.g. Fig.43f) ….Astegopteryx rappardi

- Dorsal abdomen without segmental markings, wholly dusky. Wax glands either absent from segments anterior to SIPH or all grouped in short rows with long axes parallel (Fig. 43g-j)

.….8

8 Groups of marginal wax glands usually well developed on all abdominal segments (Fig. 43h). ANT III 1.0-1.5 × ANT IV (when ANT is 5-segmented) …..Astegopteryx nipae

- Marginal wax glands reduced or absent on abdominal segments anterior to SIPH (Figs 43i-j). ANT III 1.5-2.0 × ANT IV (when ANT is 5-segmented) …..Astegopteryx rhapidis

9 Cauda long and very pale, with only 4 hairs. SIPH slightly swollen on basal half (calf-shaped). ANT PT/BASE 5.0-6.3. (Hind wing of al. with only one oblique vein) .....Hysteroneura setariae

- Cauda pale, dusky or dark with 4-28 hairs. SIPH cylindrical or tapering, not at all swollen on basal half. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-6.0. (Hind wing of al. with 2 oblique veins) .....10

10 SIPH 2.1-3.0 × cauda. ANT entirely dark except for base of III. (Forewing of al. with

once-branched media) .....Schizaphis rotundiventris

- SIPH 0.8-2.2 (-2.5) × cauda. ANT pale at least on most of III and IV. (Forewing of al. with media once- or twice-branched) ..... go to key to polyphagous aphids

Calandrinia (including Cosmia) Portulacaceae

Calandrina parviflora Aphis spiraecola

Calandrinia sp. Aphis fabae, gossypii

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Calanthe Orchidaceae

Calanthe corymbosa = C. sylvatica

C. discolor Hydronaphis calanthes

C. masuca = C. sylvatica

C. sylvatica Myzus persicae; Cerataphis orchidearum;

Sitobion indicum, luteum

C. volkensii = C. sylvatica

Calanthe sp. Aphis gossypii

Key to apterae on Calanthe:-

- Dorsal body hairs long, 2.5-3.7 × BD III, arising from tuberculate bases. Longest hairs on ANT III about 1.9 × BD III. Cauda pale, helmet-shaped, a little shorter than its basal width .….Hydronaphis calanthes

- Dorsal hairs and those on ANT III all shorter than BD III. Cauda tongue-shaped (or knobbed) …..use key to other aphids on orchids under Cymbidium

Calathea Marantaceae

Calathea crotalifera Pentalonia nigronervosa

Calceolaria Calceolariaceae

Calceolaria chelidonioides Aphis spiraecola; Brachycaudus helichrysi

C. corymbosa Neomyzus circumflexus

C. crenatiflora Myzus persicae

C. esculenta Aphis gossypii

C. europaeum Myzus persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus

C. mexicana Aphis gossypii

C. × speciosa Aulacorthum solani

Calceolaria spp. Acyrthosiphon malvae group; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Calendula Asteraceae

Calendula aegyptiaca = C. arvensis

C. algeriensis = C. stellata

C. arvensis Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, solanella, spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae;

Protaphis terricola;

Uroleucon calendulae, chrysanthmi, [nigrotuberculatum]

C. micrantha = C. arvensis

C. officinalis Aphis fabae, gossypii, solanella;

Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi;

Capitophorus archangelskii;

[Dysaphis tulipae]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus;

Neotoxoptera oliveri; Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale;

Uroleucon ambrosiae, compositae,

Uroleucon sp. (California, Mexico; BMNH collection)

C. sicula = C. stellata

C. stellata Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus helichrysi

Calendula sp. [Lipaphis erysimi]; [Uroleucon kashmiricum]

Key to apterae on Calendula:-

1 Dorsal hairs long and capitate, arising from tuberculate bases; those on front of head more than 3 × BD III. SIPH long and thin, often very slightly swollen at apices, more than 3 × cauda ..…Capitophorus archangelskii

- Dorsal body hairs not capitate, without tuberculate bases. SIPH less than 3 × cauda ..…2

2 ANT PT/BASE 0.7-1.4 …..Protaphis terricola

- ANT PT/BASE more than 2 …..3

3 Cauda helmet-shaped, a little shorter than its basal width. Spiracular apertures large and rounded …..4

- Cauda tongue-or finger-shaped, clearly longer than its basal width. Spiracular apertures small and reniform …..5

4 Abdomen without extensive dark markings. SIPH pale, smooth, 0.9-1.5 × cauda. Mesosternum without mammariform processes …..Brachycaudus helichrysi

- Abdomen with a extensive dark dorsal shield. SIPH dark, imbricated, 2.1-3.4 × cauda. Mesosternum with a pair of dark mammariform processes …..Brachycaudus cardui

5 SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation …..6

- SIPH without polygonal reticulation .….go to polyphagous aphids key

6 Cauda and SIPH both dark. ANT III with 25-86 rhinaria ..…Uroleucon compositae

- Cauda pale or dusky, SIPH pale or dark. ANT III with 1-35 rhinaria ..…7

7 SIPH pale with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.12-0.17 of length. ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria ..…Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- SIPH dusky or dark with poygonal reticulation on distal 0.3 or more of length. ANT III with 7-35 rhinaria ..…8

8 ANT III with about 10 rhinaria forming a single row over entire length. SIPH about 2 × cauda …..Uroleucon calendulae*

- ANT III with 7-35 rhinaria, not arranged in a row, usually restricted to basal part of segment. SIPH 1.0-1.5 × cauda …..9

9 R IV+V 0.15-0.16 mm, 0.9-1.0 × HT II …..Uroleucon chrysanthemi

- R IV+V 0.16-0.24 mm, 1.1-1.85 × HT II …..10

10 R IV+V 0.16-0.22 mm, 1.1-1.33 × HT II and bearing less than 10 accessory hairs

..…Uroleucon ambrosiae

- R IV+V 0.22-0.24 mm, 1.5-1.85 × HT II, and bearing more than 20 accessory hairs

…..Uroleucon sp., California and Mexico (BMNH collection)

Calicotome (including Calycotome) Fabaceae

Calicotome spinosa Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphis craccivora, pseudocytisorum;

Ctenocallis israelica; Myzus persicae

C. villosa Aphis craccivora, cytisorum, spiraecola;

Ctenocallis israelica

Key to apterae on Calicotome:-

1 Body with long finger-like marginal processes. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed. Dorsum with extensive, paired dark sclerites leaving a clear spinal stripe

…..Ctenocallis israelica

- Body without long marginal processes. Cauda not knobbed, anal plate entire. Dorsum either with a solid dark shield or without any dark markings …..2

2 Dorsum pale. Femora with fine hairs about as long as trochantro-femoral suture. Cauda with a midway constriction, rounded at apex, and bearing 6-12 hairs …..Aphis spiraecola

- Dorsum with a dark shield (fragmented at high temperatures). Femoral hairs about 0.5 × length of trochantro-femoral suture. Cauda not constricted and with rather pointed apex, and bearing 4-9 hairs …..3

3 SIPH 0.9-1.2 (-1.3) × cauda. R IV+V 1.0-1.15 × HT II. Dorsal pigmentation often reduced to small scattered sclerites …..Aphis pseudocytisorum

- SIPH 1.2-2.2 × cauda (rarely less than 1.3). R IV+V 0.9-1.3 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen usually with a dark shield, rarely with scattered small sclerites except in summer dwarfs

…..4

4 R IV+V 0.88-1.16 × HT II (mostly 0.9-1.05 X). Anterior half of genital plate with 2 (-3) hairs …..Aphis craccivora

- R IV+V 0.97-1.3 × HT II (mostly 1.06-1.2 X). Anterior half of genital plate with 2-8 hairs (mode 4, mean 5.2) …..Aphis cytisorum

Calla Araceae

Calla palustris Aphis nasturtii; Myzus persicae; Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

Calla sp. Acyrthosiphon malvae; Aulacorthum solani;

Neomyzus circumflexus

Key to apterae on Calla:-

- SIPH clavate. ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting beyond middle of front of head in dorsal view. Dorsal cuticle with reticulate ornamentation formed by minute spinules arranged in polygons ..…Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

- Without this combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Callerya Fabaceae

Callerya reticulata Aulacophoroides formosana

Calliandra Fabaceae

Calliandra eriophylla Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972a: 98)

C. guildingii Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

C. haematocephala Aphis aurantii, gossypii, Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972a: 98);

Myzus persicae

C. inaequilatera = C. haematocephala

C. surinamensis Aphis craccivora

C. tweedii Myzus persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Callicarpa Lamiaceae

Callicarpa bodinieri Aphis fabae

C. dichotoma Aphis gossypii

C. formosana Aphis gossypii

C. japonica Aphis gossypii

C. longifolia Myzus persicae

C. macrophylla Aphis gossypii, raji; Subovatomyzus leucosceptri

C. mollis Aphis gossypii

C. purpurea = C. dichotoma

Key to aphids on Callicarpa:-

1 SIPH smooth-surfaced, clavate, about 3 × cauda. Hairs on ANT III short with capitate apices; the longest of them less than 0.5 × BD III. R IV+V 1.8-2.1 × HT II ..…Subovatomyzus leucosceptri

- Without this combination of characters …..2

2 R IV+V 0.19-0.23 mm, 2.0-2.2 × HT II. Marginal abdominal hairs 78-103 μm long, 3-4 × ANT BD III. Marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 1 but often absent from ABD TERG 7 …..Aphis raji

- Without this combination of characters ….go to key to polyphagous aphids

Calliergon Amblystegiaceae

Calliergon cordifolium Pseudacaudella rubida

C. stramineum Myzodium mimulicola

Use key to aphids on mosses under Polytrichum.

Calliergonella Amblystegaceae

Calliergonella cuspidata [Jacksonia papillata];

Muscaphis cuspidata, escherichi, musci;

Pseudacaudella rubida

Use key to apterae of moss-feeding aphids under Polytrichum.

Calligonum Polygonaceae

Calligonum aphyllum Brachyunguis harmalae

C. arborescens Brachyunguis harmalae

C. caput-medusea Brachyunguis harmalae

C. comosum Aphis sp. (Israel, BMNH collection);

Brachyunguis harmalae

C. densum Brachyunguis calligoni

C. eriopodum Aphis craccivora; Brachyunguis calligoni, harmalae

C. flavidum Brachyunguis calligoni

C. junceum Brachyunguis calligoni

C. leucocladum Brachyunguis harmalae

C. microcarpum Brachyunguis calligoni

C. mongolicum Brachyunguis harmalae

C. pallasia = C. aphyllum

C. rubicundum Brachyunguis calligoni, harmalae

C. setosum Brachyunguis calligoni, harmalae

C. undulatum Brachyunguis calligoni

Key to apterae on Calligonum:-

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 1. SIPH about as long as their basal widths, 0.2-0.6 × cauda .....2

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH much longer than their basal widths, and longer than cauda …..3

2 SIPH very small, c. 0.03 mm long and 0.03 mm wide at base, and only c. 0.20-0.25 × cauda

.....Brachyunguis calligoni

- SIPH 0.06-0.08 mm long and 0.06-0.08 mm wide at base, 0.4-0.7 × cauda …..Brachyunguis harmalae

3 Dorsum with a dark shield (often fragmented in hot climates). Cauda and SIPH both black

…..Aphis craccivora

- Dorsum without dark markings. Cauda paler than SIPH

…..Aphis sp. (Israel, BMNH collection)

Callionia see Potentilla Rosaceae

Calliopsis see Coreopsis Asteraceae

Calliopsis tinctoria = Coreopsis tinctoria

Callisia Commelinaceae

Callisia fragrans [Rhopalosiphum maidis]; Uroleucon ambrosiae

C. monandra Utamphorophora commelinensis

See key to apterae on Commelina.

Callistemon Myrtaceae

Callistemon brachyandrus Myzus persicae

C. citrinus Aphis aurantii, gossypii; Sitobion halli

C. lanceolatus Aphis aurantii, gossypii

C. linearis Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii; [Aulacorthum rhamni];

[Greenidea anonae]

C. pachyphyllus Aphis gossypii; Aulacorthum solani; Myzus persicae

C. pallidus Aulacorthum solani

C. phoeniceus Aphis gossypii

C. pinifolius Myzus persicae

C. salignus Myzus persicae

C. speciosus Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Callistemon sp. [Greenidea psidii]

Key to apterae on Callistemon:-

- SIPH dark at least distally, with polygonal reticulation on subapical 0.1-0.2 of length. ANT dark at least distally, with hairs on ANT III less than 0.25 × BD III, and ANT PT/BASE

5.0-6.8 .….Sitobion halli

- Without this combination of characters ..…go to key to polyphagous aphids

Callistephus China Aster Asteraceae

Callistephus chinensis Aphis fabae, gossypii, nasturtii, spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

[Capitophorus hippophaes]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus, persicae; Pemphigus bursarius;

Protaphis middletonii; [Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum]

C. hortensis = C. chinensis

Callistephus sp. Neomyzus circumflexus

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Callitriche Water Starwort Plantaginaceae

Callitriche hermaphroditica Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

(incl. autumnalis)

C. palustris Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

C. stagnalis Myzodium knowltoni; Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

C. verna = C. palustris

Couplet for separating these two species:-

- Head coarsely nodulose. SIPH tapering from base to a well-developed flange

…..Myzodium knowltoni

- Head smooth. SIPH somewhat swollen on distal half, narrower basad and distad of swelling

….. Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

Callitris Cupressaceae

Callitris spp. [Aphis gossypii];

Cinara (Cupressobium) cupressi, juniperi, tujafilina;

[Elatobium abietinum]; Illinoia morrisoni

(Use key to aphids on Juniperus)

Calluna Ericaceae

Calluna vulgaris Aphis callunae; [Brachycaudus cardui];

Ericaphis ericae, latifrons; [Rhopalosiphum maidis]

Key to apterae on Calluna:-

1 SIPH and cauda dark, with SIPH 0.6-0.8 × cauda. Dorsal cuticle with a strong pattern of reticulation …..Aphis callunae

- SIPH and cauda pale, with SIPH 1.4-2.0 × cauda. Dorsal cuticle wrinkled or almost smooth, without reticulation …..2

2. R IV+V 1.3-1.7 × HT II. First tarsal segments with 5-5-5 hairs …..Ericaphis ericae

- R IV+V 0.8-1.2 × HT II. First tarsal segments with 3-3-3 hairs …..Ericaphis latifrons

Calocedrus Cupressaceae

Calocedrus decurrens Cinara tujafilina; Illinoia morrisoni

(Use key to aphids on Cupressus)

Calodendron Rutaceae

Calodendron capense Cape Chestnut
Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii, citricidus

(Use key to polyphagous aphids)

Calonyction see Ipomoea Convolvulaceae

Calophaca Fabaceae

Calophaca howenii = C. soongorica

C. soongorica Aphis craccivora

C. wolgarica Aphis craccivora

Calophyllum Calophyllaceae

Calophyllum antillanum Aphis aurantii, craccivora, spiraecola

C. brasiliense var. antillanum = C. antillanum

C. inophyllum Aphis aurantii, gossypii, spiraecola

(Use key to polyphagous aphids)

Calopogonium Fabaceae

Calopogonium caeruleum Aphis gossypii

Calothamnus Myrtaceae

Calothamnus chrysanthereus Myzus persicae

C. quadrifidus Myzus persicae

C. validus Myzus persicae

Calotropis Asclepiadaceae

Calotropis gigantea Aphis asclepiadis, gossypii, nerii;

Brachyunguis calotropicus

C. procera Aphis craccivora, gossypii, nerii;

Brachyunguis calotropicus, harmalae, [ushari];
Myzus persicae

Key to aphids on Calotropis:-

1 Antennal tubercles well-developed, convergent in dorsal view (fig. 42I). SIPH tubular, slightly swollen on distal half .....Myzus persicae

- Antennal tubercles weakly developed. SIPH tapering or conical .....2

2 ANT PT/BASE a little less than 1. SIPH pale, truncated cones, much shorter than cauda

.....3

- ANT PT/BASE much more than 1. SIPH dark, longer than cauda

..... go to key to aphids on Apocynum, starting at couplet 9

3 SIPH 0.04-0.06 mm long, 0.33-0.40 × cauda ..... Brachyunguis calotropicus

- SIPH 0.06-0.08 mm long, about 0.5-0.6 × cauda .....Brachyunguis harmalae

Caltha Ranunculaceae

Caltha palustris Aphis nasturtii, rukavishnikovi, triglochinis;

Aulaorthum solani;

[Brachycaudus cardui]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ascalonicus, persicae; Rhopalosiphoninus calthae;

Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae; Thecabius affinis

C. polypetala = C. palustris

C. silvestris = C. palustris

Caltha sp. Brachycaudus helichrysi

Key to aphids on Caltha:-

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Eyes of only 3-facets. SIPH absent. Dorsal wax gland plates (Fig.45a) present on all segments, with 6 on each of meso- and metanotum and ABD TERG 1-7 …..Thecabius affinis

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1.0. Eyes multifaceted. SIPH tubular. No discrete wax glands

…..2

2 SIPH strongly swollen, black, 3.5-4.6 × cauda. Dorsum with an almost complete black sclerotic shield ..… Rhopalosiphoninus calthae

- SIPH not strongly swollen, pale or dark, less than 3 × cauda. Dorsum without a sclerotic shield …..3

3 SIPH weakly swollen and dark, as is cauda. Dorsal cuticle with a pattern of spicules arranged in polygons …..Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

- SIPH tapering, cylindrical or swollen, but if swollen then SIPH and cauda both pale …..43

4 BL 3.5-4.0 mm, ANT tubercles weakly developed, ABD TERG 1-5 and 7 with well-developed, dome-shaped marginal tubercles (MTu). SIPH and cauda dark, Cauda with

14-15 hairs …..Aphis rukavishnikovi*

- Without that combination of characters …..5

5 ANT PT/BASE 1.1-1.8. SIPH 0.7-1.3 × cauda. (Al. with secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 25-60, IV 9-25, IV 7-17) …..Aphis triglochinis

- Without that combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Calycanthus Calycanthaceae

Calycanthus. fertilis = C. floridus var. glaucus

C. floridus (incl. var. glaucus) Aphis fabae, spiraecola

C. fragrans = Chimonanthus praecox

C. occidentalis Aphis fabae; Myzus persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Calycera Calyceraceae

Calycera spinulosa Aphis calycerarum

Calycophyllum Rubiaceae

Calycophyllum candidissimum Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Calycotome see Calicotome Fabaceae

Calylophus Onagraceae

Calylophus serrulata Aphis oenotherae

Calyptranthe see Hydrangea Hydrangeaceae

Calyptranthes Myrtaceae

Calyptranthes chytraculia Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Calystegia Convolvulaceae

Calystegia japonica Aphis nerii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae

Pseudomegoura magnoliae;

C. sepium Aphis fabae, gossypii, nerii; Aulacorthum solani;

Myzus persicae

C. soldanella Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Calytrix (including Llotskaya) Myrtaceae

Calytrix ericoides = C. tetragona

C. tetragona Aphis gossypii

Camassia (including Quamasia) Asparagaceae

Camassia hyacinthina = C. scilloides

C. scilloides Macrosiphum valerianae

Camassia sp. Aphis asclepiadis

Key to apterae on Camassia:-

- ANT tubercles weakly developed or undeveloped. SIPH without polygonal reticulation

…..Aphis asclepiadis

- ANT tubercles well developed, with inner faces divergent. SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation …..Macrosiphum valerianae

Camelina Brassicaceae

Camelina alyssum Aphis fabae, nasturtii

C. microcarpa Aphis fabae; Lipaphis erysimi; Myzus persicae

C. sativa Aphis fabae; Brevicoryne brassicae

Camelina sp. Brachycaudus helichrysi

Use key to apterae on Brassica.

Camellia Theaceae

Camellia caudata Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

C. chinensis = C. sinensis

C. japonica Aphis aurantii, citricidus, gossypii, odinae;

Ceratocallis camellis;

[Myzus inuzakurae Shinji (nomen dubium)];

Sinomegoura citricola

C. kissi Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

C. oleifera Aphis (Toxoptera) chaetosiphon

C. sasanqua Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

C. sinensis Aphis aurantii, citricidus, gossypii, odinae;

Sinomegoura citricola

C. thea = C. sinensis

C. ×williamsi Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Camellia spp. [Aphis camellicola del Guercio (nomen dubium)];

Greenidea [bucktonis], camelliae;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Key to apterae on Camellia:-

1 Head with a pair of frontal horns between the antennal bases. SIPH pore-like

.....Ceratocallis camellis

- Head without frontal horns. SIPH tubular …..2

2 SIPH 0.25-0.32 × BL and clothed in numerous long hairs …..Greenidea camelliae

- SIPH without hairs or much shorter and with less than 10 hairs …..3

3 SIPH 0.5-0.7 × cauda, and bearing 6-8 long pointed hairs. R IV+V 1.7-1.9 × HT II. Stridulatory apparatus present …..Aphis (Toxoptera) chaetosiphon

- SIPH 0.4-2.5 × cauda, without hairs. R IV+V less than 1.7 × HT II. Stridulatory apparatus present or absent …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Campanula Harebells, Bluebells Campanulaceae

Campanula alliariifolia Uroleucon campanulae

C. altaica = C. stevenii ssp. altaica

C. benthamii = C. dimorphantha

C. carpatica Dysaphis brevirostris; Myzus ascalonicus;

Uroleucon campanulae

C. cashmeriana Uroleucon kashmiricum

C. cephalotes = C. glomerata

C. cervicaria Uroleucon rapunculoidis

C. cochleariifolia Aulacorthum solani;

Uroleucon campanulae, campanulae ssp. longius

C. colorata = C. pallida

C. dimorphantha Jacksonia campanulata

C. divergens = C. sibirica ssp. divergens

C. erinus Uroleucon campanulae

C. expansa [Uroleucon adenophorae]

C. glomerata [Acyrthosiphon ilka]; Campanulaphis radicivora;

Myzus persicae; [Pemphigus bursarius];

Uroleucon campanulae, neocampanulae, nigrocampanulae,

rapunculoidis

C. grossekii Aphis fabae

C. incanescens Uroleucon kashmiricum

C. latifolia Aphis fabae, solanella;

Uroleucon campanulae, nigrocampanulae;

[Hyperomyzus rhinanthi]

C. lyrata [Aphis sp. (Turkey, Toros et al. 2002: 31)]

C. macrorhiza Uroleucon campanulae

C. medium Aphis fabae, solanella; Aulacorthum solani;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus persicae; Uroleucon kikioense, nigrocampanulae

C. pallida Jacksonia campanula; Uroleucon kashmiricum

C. patula Dysaphis sorbi; Uroleucon campanulae, rapunculoidis

C. peregrina Uroleucon sp. (Lebanon, BMNH collection)

C. persicifolia Aphis fabae; Dysaphis sorbi; Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus;

Neomyzus circumflexus;

Uroleucon campanulae, nigrocampanulae

C. portenschlagiana Myzus ascalonicus

C. punctata Uroleucon neocampanulae

C. pusilla = C. cochleariifolia

C. pyramidalis Myzus ascalonicus;

Uroleucon minosmartelli, nigrocampanulae

C. rapunculoides Aphis fabae; Aulacorthum solani;

Myzus ascalonicus, persicae

Uroleucon campanulae, nigrocampanulae, rapunculoidis

C. rapunculus Uroleucon campanulae, nigrocampanulae, rapunculoidis

C. rhomboidalis Uroleucon nigrocampanulae, rapunculoidis

C. rotundifolia Aphis psammophila, [campanula-riparia Rafinesque];

Dysaphis brevirostris, sorbi; Myzus ascalonicus;

Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae;

Uroleucon campanulae, campanulae ssp. longius

C. sartorii Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae

C. scheuchzeri Dysaphis sorbi; Uroleucon campanulae

C. serrata Aphis fabae

C. sibirica (incl. ssp. divergens) Campanulaphis radicivora;

Uroleucon campanulae, minosmartelli, nigrocampanulae,

rapunculoidis

C. stevenii ssp. altaica Uroleucon nigrocampanulae

C. trachelium Aphis fabae, Aphis sp. (Germany, BMNH collection);

Uroleucon campanulae, nigrocampanulae, rapunculoidis

C. versicolor Uroleucon minosmartelli

C. vidalii = Azorina vidalii

C. volgensis (?) Uroleucon rapunculoidis

Campanula spp. [Aphis grossulariae]; Myzus ornatus; Protaphis bimacula; Uroleucon ariegense, [cichorii], gredinae, [solidaginis]

Key to aphids on Campanula:-

1 SIPH dark with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation extending for at least 0.2 of length

…..2

- SIPH pale or dark, but if dark then without polygonal reticulation …..12

2 Cauda pale or dusky …..3

- Cauda dark like SIPH …..5

3 R IV+V shorter than (about 0.7 ×) HT II, and bearing only 2 accessory hairs

…..Uroleucon kikioense

- R IV+V 1.1-1.3 × HT II, with 5-8 accessory hairs …..4

4 First tarsal segments with 5 hairs. Tibiae wholly dark. ANT III with 50-66 rhinaria. Antesiphuncular sclerites present …..Uroleucon gredinae*

- First tarsal segments with 3 (-4) hairs. Tibiae pale on basal 0.7. ANT III with 10-30 rhinaria. Antesiphuncular sclerites absent …..Uroleucon kashmiricum

5 SIPH 0.85-1.25 × cauda. R IV+V 0.8-1.05 × HT II …..Uroleucon campanulae

- SIPH 1.5-2.6 × cauda. R IV+V 1.0-2.0 × HT II …..6

6 ANT III 2.8-4.4 × R IV+V …..7

- ANT III 4.4-6.6 × R IV+V …..9

7 Body spindle-shaped. R IV+V 1.7-2.0 × HT II. SIPH 5.4-6.4 × HT II

…..Uroleucon sp. on C. peregrina, Lebanon (BMNH collection)

- Body oval. R IV+V 1.0-1.45 × HT II. SIPH 2.9-4.2 × HT II …..8

8 ANT III with 2-18 rhinaria on basal half , and none on IV …..Uroleucon minosmartelli

- ANT III with 28-45 rhinaria distributed over its entire length, and 0-6 on IV

…..Campanulaphis radicivora

9 Longest hairs on outer side of hind tibia 1.5-2.0 × diameter of tibia at midlength. Longest hairs on ANT III 1.2-1.5 × BD III …..Uroleucon neocampanulae

- Longest hairs on outer side of hind tibia 0.9-1.2 × its diameter at midlength. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.8-1.3 × BD III …..10

10 Cauda with 11-14 hairs. Longest hairs on ABD TERG 3-5 are at least 2× BD III. ANT PT/BASE 5.3-6.2. ANT III 5.7-7.1 × ANT VI BASE …..Uroleucon ariegense*

- Cauda with 14-21 hairs, but if with 14-15 then longest hairs on ABD TERG 3-5 are less than 2× BD III. ANT PT/BASE 6.2-8.3 (if less than 6.4 then cauda has 16-21 hairs). ANT III 7-8 × ANT VI BASE …..11

11 ANT III with 19-58 rhinaria at a density of 20-58 per mm, extending over 0.42-0.94 of segment. (Al. with 43-78 rhinaria on ANT III and none on IV) …..Uroleucon rapunculoidis

- ANT III with 52-122 rhinaria at a density of 45-84 per mm, extending over 0.77-0.97 of segment. (Al. with 97-137 rhinaria on ANT III, and usually without but sometimes with 1-7 on IV) …..Uroleucon nigrocampanulae

12 SIPH narrow at middle and flared distally, without an apical flange

…..Jacksonia campanulata*

- SIPH tapering or cylindrical or swollen on distal half, with a distinct apical flange …..13

13 Marginal tubercles (MTu) always present on ABD TERG 1 and 7 …..14

- No MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 ….17

14 ANT PT/BASE about 0.7. SIPH short, dark, conical, about 0.8 × the short triangular cauda. Dorsal abdomen with a pair of large dark spots anterior to SIPH …..Aphis bimacula

- ANT PT/BASE 1.8-3.8. SIPH 0.6-2.4 × cauda. Dorsal abdomen with or without scattered dark markings, without a pair of large dark spots anterior to SIPH …..15

15 SIPH black, 0.6-0.8 × black cauda which bears 7-9 hairs

…..Aphis sp(p). (Azores, Germany, BMNH collection)

- SIPH pale or dark, 0.8-2.4 × cauda which bears 6-25 hairs …..16

16 Cauda pale or dusky. SIPH dark or pale with dark apices. Dorsal abdomen without any dark markings. Very short-haired; e.g. hairs on ANT III 0.2-0.6 × BD III. ABD TERG 8 with 2 short hairs. Cauda with 6-10 hairs …..Aphis psammophila

- Cauda and SIPH dark. Dorsal abdomen with dark markings at least on ABD TERG 7 and 8. ABD TERG 8 with 2-7 long hairs. Cauda with 11-25 hairs …..Aphis fabae group

17 Cauda tongue-shaped, at least 1.5 × its basal width, with 4-12 hairs. SIPH swollen, cylindrical or tapering on distal half. ANT tubercles well developed

…...go to key to polyphagous aphids

- Cauda triangular or helmet-shaped, about as long as its basal width, with 4-6 hairs. SIPH usually slightly swollen on distal half. ANT tubercles low …..18

18 R IV+V 1.23-1.38 × HT II. Longest hairs on ABD TERG 8 15-22 μm. (Al. with 45-76 rhinaria on ANT III) .....Dysaphis sorbi

- R IV+V 1.04-1.19 × HT II. Longest hairs on ABD TERG 8 10-15 μm. (Al. with 30-40 rhinaria on ANT III) .....Dysaphis brevirostris

Campanumoea Campanulaceae

Campanumoea javanica = Codonopsis javanica

Camphorosma Amaranthaceae

Camphorosma annua Chaitaphis camphorosmae

C. lessingii [Aphis craccivora]; Chaitaphis camphorosmae;

Xerobion camphorosmae

C. monspeliaca [Aphis craccivora]; Chaitaphis camphorosmae;

Xerobion camphorosmae

Couplet to separate these two species:-

(Note: Both species have long dorsal hairs and ANT PT/BASE less than 1.5.)

- Cauda finger-like, more than 1.5 × its basal width, with 5-7 hairs. SIPH tubular, cylindrical or slightly swollen, narrowing just before flange. R IV+V similar in length to HT II. Dorsal abdominal hairs thick, rod-shaped, with flattened or furcate apices …..Chaitaphis camphorosmae

- Cauda bluntly conical to helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width, with 13-18 hairs. SIPH are dark broad-based cones. R IV+V about 2 × HT II. Dorsal abdominal hairs pointed

…..Xerobion camphorosmae

Campsis Bignoniaceae

Campsis chinensis = C. grandiflora

C. grandiflora Pseudomegoura magnoliae

C. radicans Aphis aurantii, craccivora, fabae, gossypii, nerii, [punicae], spiraecola, thecomae, [Aphis sp. (Davletshina 1964)];

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae

C. × tagliabuana Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus

Key to apterae on Campsis:-

- SIPH and cauda both black, with SIPH 1.8-2.2 × cauda, which bears only 4 hairs

.....Aphis thecomae*

- Without that combination of characters; if SIPH and cauda are both black then cauda is relatively shorter or bears more hairs .....go to key to polyphagous aphids, but note the possibility that specimens similar to Aphis gossypii but with SIPH less than 1.5 × cauda may be A. punicae.

Campyloneurum Polypodiaceae

Campyloneurum phyllitidis Idiopterus nephrelepidis

(or try key to fern-feeding aphids under Polypodium)

Canadanthus Asteraceae

Canadanthus modestus Uroleucon sp. nr bradburyi

Cananga Annonaceae

Cananga odorata Aphis aurantii, craccivora

Cananga sp. [Schoutedenia ralumensis]

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Canarium Burseraceae

Canarium album Aphis odinae; Sinomegoura citricola

Canarium sp. [Acyrthosiphon elaeocarpi]

(Use key to polyphagous aphids)

Canavalia Fabaceae

Canavalia cubensis = C. nitida

C. ensiformis Aphis craccivora, gossypii

C. gladiata Aphis craccivora, gossypii

C. maritima = C. rosea

C. nitida Aphis craccivora

C. rosea Aphis craccivora

Use key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24.

Cancrinia Asteraceae

Cancrinia discoidea Macrosiphoniella sp. (Kadyrbekov 2005b)

Canna Cannaceae

Canna coccinea Neomyzus circumflexus; Rhopalosiphum padi

C. indica Aphis fabae; Aulacorthum solani; [Hyalopterus pruni];

Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon;

Rhopalosiphum [nymphaeae], padi; [Sitobion sp.]

C. orientalis = C. indica

Canna spp. Aphis gossypii, spiraecola; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

[Pentalonia kalimpongensis]; Sitobion miscanthi, neusi

Key to apterae on Canna:-

1 SIPH dark, tapering/cylindrical, with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation …..2

- SIPH if dark then without a distal zone of polygonal reticulation, or markedly swollen

.....go to key to polyphagous aphids

2 Dorsal abdomen with a dark irregular central sclerite. ANT dark beyond base of III, with PT/BASE more than 6.5 .....Sitobion neusi

- Dorsal abdomen membranous. ANT mainly pale, with ANT PT/BASE less than 6.5

.....Sitobion miscanthi

Cannabis Cannabaceae

Cannabis gigantea = C. sativa

C. indica = C. sativa

C. ruderalis = C. sativa

C. sativa Aphis fabae, gossypii, [sativae Williams (see Davis

1911, 271)], [Aphis sp. (Davletshina 1964, 124)];

Aulacorthum solani; Myzus persicae; Phorodon cannabis;

Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

Key to apterae on Cannabis:-

- ANT tubercles bearing finger-like processes. Dorsal hairs with capitate apices

…..Phorodon cannabis

- ANT tubercles without finger-like processes. Dorsal hairs not capitate

…...go to key to polyphagous aphids

Capillipedium Poaceae

Capillipedium assimile Pseudoregma panicola

C.parviflorum Asiphonella cynodonti; Chaetogeoica graminiphaga;

Sitobion miscanthi; Tetraneura multisetosa, fusiformis

Capillipedium spp. Chaetogeoica polychaeta;

Tetraneura basui, javensis, radicola / yezoensis group

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Capnoides Papaveraceae

Capnoides brandegeei = Corydalis caseana ssp. brandegeei

Capnoides sp. Macrosiphum sp. (Colorado, USA; BMNH collection, leg.

(or Corydalis sp.?) F.C.Hottes & D. Hille Ris Lambers)

Capparis Capparaceae

Capparis flexuosa Aphis craccivora

C. leucophylla Aphis gossypii

C. spinosa Anuraphis capparidis; Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii;

[Brachyunguis zygophylli]; Brevicoryne brassicae

Key to apterae on Capparis:-

1 Cauda short, rounded or broadly triangular, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view …..2

- Cauda distinctly longer than its basal width in dorsal view

.….go to key to polyphagous aphids

2 Cauda broadly triangular. Dorsal abdomen with dark segmental markings. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) …..Brevicoryne brassicae

- Cauda rounded. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with Mtu

….. Anuraphis capparidis* (possibly an immature Aphis?)

Capraria Scrophulariaceae

Capraria biflora Aphis gossypii

Capriola see Cynodon Poaceae

Capsella Brassicaceae

Capsella bursa-pastoris Abstrusomyzus phloxae; Acyrthosiphon auctum, pisum;

Aphis aurantii, [craccae], craccivora, fabae, frangulae,

gossypii, [loti ssp. gollmicki], nasturtii, [plantaginis],

[rhamnicola], sambuci, [scabiosae], solanella, spiraecola,

[symphyti];

Aulacorthum solani, [speyeri];

Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi, lateralis;

Brachyunguis harmalae; Brevicoryne brassicae;

Dysaphis capsellae, rara,

[Dysaphis sp. (Shaposhnikov, 1987b)];

[Ericaphis fimbriata, wakibae]; Forda formicaria;

Geoica utricularia;

Lipaphis [alliariae], erysimi, pseudobrassicae;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae,[pyrifoliae, stellariae, tenuicauda];

Myzus antirrhinii, ascalonicus, cerasi, [certus], ornatus,

persicae;

[Nasonovia ribisnigri]; Nearctaphis bakeri;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Pemphigus sp.;

Prociphilus erigeronensis; Protaphis middletonii;

Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon, staphyleae;

Rhopalosiphum [maidis], padi, [nymphaeae];

Sitobion akebiae, avenae; Smynthurodes betae

C. grandiflora Brevicoryne brassicae

C. rubella Aphis solanella; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae

Key to aphids on Capsella:-

(C. bursa-pastoris (“Shepherd’s Purse”) is a popular “reserve host” throughout a large part of the world for numerous species of aphids, including many which are otherwise specific to other plant genera or families. It seems to be a plant that aphids - particularly grass and legume feeders - can utilise, and even form flourishing colonies on, usually at times of year when their normal hosts are scarce or unavailable. The key below attempts to discriminate the species most likely to be found on Capsella, but neither the list above or the key can be regarded as at all comprehensive.)

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 1. SIPH absent or, if present, then only about 0.5 × cauda …..2

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH present and more than 0.5 × cauda …..7

2 ANT PT/BASE more than 0.5. Eyes multifacetted. SIPH present, about 0.5 × the finger-like cauda …..Brachyunguis harmalae

- ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Eyes with 3 facets. SIPH absent (on roots). Cauda rounded, not developed …..3

3 ANT with primary rhinaria having fimbriate rims …..4

- ANT with primary rhinaria having naked rims …..6

4 Anal plate displaced dorsally. Hairs on dorsal body and appendages often spatulate. Wax gland plates absent …..Geoica utricularia

- Anal plate not displaced dorsally. Hairs on body and appendages pointed. Wax gland plates present, at least on posterior abdominal segments …..5

5 Cauda and anal plate extended posteriorly, dark, and bearing numerous long hairs. R IV with 6-10 accessory hairs …..Prociphilus erigeronensis

- Cauda and anal plate not extended posteriorly, with few short hairs. R IV without accessory hairs …..Pemphigus sp.

6 Primary rhinaria with thick, sclerotic rims. ANT III 0.8-1.7 × the elongate ANT II. R IV+V 1.0-1.8 × ANT II …..Smynthurodes betae

- Primary rhinaria with thin rims. ANT III 3.3-4.6 × ANT II. R IV+V 2.1-2.9 × ANT II

…..Forda formicaria

7 ANT tubercles absent or, if developed then small, and with median tubercle on front of head also developed; front of head therefore either convex, straight or sinuate in dorsal view. SIPH without polygonal reticulation …..8

- ANT tubercles moderately to well developed, with inner faces convergent, parallel or divergent in dorsal view; if rather low and divergent then SIPH have distal polygonal reticulation …..19

8 SIPH almost cylindrical on basal half and slightly swollen on distal part, narrowing just before flange …..9

- SIPH tapering gradually from base to flange, with no trace of swelling on distal part …..12

9 Cauda broadly triangular, about as long as its basal width in dorsal view. ANT III 2.5-3.7 × SIPH. Dorsal abdomen with dark segmental markings …..Brevicoryne brassicae

- Cauda tongue-or finger-shaped, longer than its basal width. ANT III 1.2-1.7 × SIPH. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings (except on ABD TERG 7-8) …..10

10 ANT PT/BASE 3.0-4.0. SIPH smooth on narrowest part just proximal to flange. ABD TERG 1 and 7 always with small marginal tubercles (MTu) …..Rhopalosiphum padi

- ANT PT/BASE 1.8-2.7. SIPH with transverse striae on narrowest part just proximal to flange. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without Mtu …..11

11 ANT III + PT together 1.95-2.5 × SIPH (90% of specimens less than 2.4×)

…..Lipaphis erysimi

- ANT III + PT together 2.1-3.2 × SIPH (90% of specimens more than 2.4×)

…..Lipaphis pseudobrassicae

12 ABD TERG 1 and 7 always with MTu. Spinal tubercles (STu) absent. Cauda tongue-shaped or bluntly conical, not constricted at base .....13

- ABD TERG 1 and 7 either without MTu, or if MTu are present then they are always in association with STu on ABD TERG 7 and/or 8. Cauda helmet-shaped or bluntly conical, somewhat constricted at base …..14

13 ABD TERG 2-4(-5) regularly with well-developed marginal tubercles (MTu), of basal diameter about equal to distal diameter of SIPH …..Aphis sambuci

- ABD TERG 2-4 without or only sporadically with small MTu …..polyphagous Aphis spp.

(Go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24, but note that specimens running to gossypii may be one of a number of species/subspecies of the gossypii and frangulae groups that are recorded from Capsella (see systematic accounts under these two names), and specimens running to craccivora may be loti ssp. gollmicki.)

14 Abdomen with an extensive dark dorsal shield …..15

- Abdomen without extensive dark markings anterior to SIPH …..16

15 Longest hairs on hind femur 10-25 mm …..Brachycaudus lateralis

- Longest hairs on hind femur more than 25 mm long …..Brachycaudus cardui

16 SIPH dark, with normal imbrication, and more than 1.5 × cauda. MTu are always present, at least on ABD TERG 1-4 …..17

- SIPH pale, smooth or spiculose, less than 1.5 × cauda. MTu rarely present …..18

17 Longest hairs on ANT III 29-42 μm, 1.3-1.8 × BD III, and hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 58-82 μm. R IV+V 1.12-1.24 × HT II .....Dysaphis capsellae*

- Longest hairs on ANT III 9-13 μm, 0.4-0.6 × BD III, and hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 29-39 μm. R IV+V 1.21-1.31 (-1.58) × HT II .....Dysaphis rara (?)*

18 SIPH smooth. Spiracular apertures large and rounded …..Brachycaudus helichrysi

- SIPH ornamented with rows of minute spicules. Spiracular apertures reniform

…..Nearctaphis bakeri

19 SIPH pale, without polygonal reticulation , tapering/cylindrical, and only 0.12-0.20 × BL and 0.85-1.33 × cauda …..Acyrthosiphon auctum

- SIPH if pale, tapering/cylindrical and without polygonal reticulation, then more than 0.20 × BL and/or more than 1.25 × cauda …..20

20 BL 2.5-5.5 mm. SIPH pale, without any subapical reticulation, very long and attenuate distally (thinner than middle part of hind tibia), but less than 2 × cauda

…..Acyrthosiphon pisum

- If BL is more than 2.5 mm, and SIPH are pale and less than 2 × cauda, then SIPH have subapical polygonal reticulation …..21

21 SIPH black, 1.1-1.9 × cauda, with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.15-0.40 of length. R IV+V very short and blunt, 0.6-0.8 × HT II …..22

- Without this combination of characters …..23

22 SIPH 1.4-1.9 × cauda .....Sitobion akebiae/miscanthi

- SIPH 1.1-1.4 × cauda .....Sitobion avenae

23 SIPH black, tapering, coarsely imbricated. Dorsal cuticle extensively sclerotised, often wholly dark, and wrinkled with a jigsaw puzzle-like pattern. Large, dark, densely spiculose postsiphuncular sclerites are present …..Myzus cerasi

- Without this combination of characters .….go to key to polyphagous aphids

Capsicum Solanaceae

Capsicum annuum [Acyrthosiphon gossypii, pisum];

(incl. baccatum, frutescens) Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, nasturtii, spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani, [Brevicoryne brassicae];

[Hayhurstia atriplicis]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Protaphis middletonii;

Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon;

Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale; [Sipha flava];

[Tinocalloides montanus]

C. dulce = C. annuum

C. indicum = C. annuum

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Caragana Fabaceae

Caragana arborescens Acyrthosiphon caraganae, caraganae ssp. occidentale,

caraganae spp. sachalinense, pisum;

Aphis craccivora, cytisorum;

Therioaphis aizenbergi, kundurensis, tenera

C. aurantiaca Aphis craccivora

C. balchaschensis Acyrthosiphon caraganae; Aphis craccivora

C. boisii Therioaphis tenera

C. camilli-schneideri Acyrthosiphon caraganae; Aphis craccivora

C. caragana Therioaphis tenera

C. chamlagu = C. sinica

C. chaniaga Acyrthosiphon caraganae; Aphis craccivora

C. changduensis Aphis craccivora

C. decorticans Aphis craccivora; Therioaphis tenera

C. frutex Acyrthosiphon caraganae; Aphis craccivora; Myzus persicae;

Therioaphis beijingensis, tenera, tenera ssp. frutex

C. fruticosa Therioaphis kundurensis, tenera

C. grandiflora Aphis craccivora

C. jubata Therioaphis tenera

C. kirghisorum Aphis craccivora

C. microphylla Acyrthosiphon caraganae; Aphis fabae; Myzus persicae

C. mollis = C. frutex

C. pleiophylla Therioaphis tenera

C. pumila Acyrthosiphon caraganae; Therioaphis tenera

C. pygmaea Acyrthosiphon caraganae; Aphis craccivora

C. sinica Acyrthosiphon caraganae; Aphis craccivora;

Therioaphis tenera

C. spinosa Acyrthosiphon caraganae; Aphis craccivora

C. turkestanica Acyrthosiphon caraganae; Aphis craccivora

Caragana sp. Acyrthosiphon kondoi; [Betulaphis brevipilosa];

[Titanosiphon dracunculi]

Key to aphids on Caragana:-

1 Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed. SIPH as short, truncate cones. ANT PT/BASE less than 1.7 (applies to both apterae and alatae) …..2

- Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, anal plate entire. SIPH tubular. ANT PT/BASE more than 2.0 (applies to both apterae and alatae) …..6

2 ABD TERG 1-5 each with 5 or 6 long, capitate spinopleural hairs arising from pigmented sclerites (applies to both apterae and alatae) …..Therioaphis aizenbergi

- ABD TERG 1-5 each with only two slightly capitate spinal hairs, with basal sclerites pale or dark (applies to both apterae and alatae) …..3

3 SIPH dark. Spinal hairs arising from dark sclerites, with those on ABD TERG 3 displaced laterally (all viviparae are alate) …..Therioaphis beijingensis*

- SIPH pale. Spinal hairs arising from pale/dusky sclerites or tuberculate bases, those on ABD TERG 3 not laterally displaced …..4

4 Apt. vivip. present. Both apt. and al. with spinal hairs arising from tuberculate bases (less well developed in al., which have 12-20 sec. rhin. on ANT III)

.....Therioaphis kundurensis*

- All vivip. are al., with spinal hairs on flat or weakly convex sclerites, which may be fused medially on some tergites. ANT III with 7-15 sec. rhin.` .....5

5 (Al.) Dorsal body hairs 11-25 μm long, and flabellate. Forewing veins heavily bordered with fuscous .....Therioaphis tenera ssp. frutex

- (Al.) Dorsal body hairs 19-41 μm long, with blunt or capitate apices. Forewing veins weakly bordered .....Therioaphis tenera s. str.

6 SIPH gradually tapering or cylindrical on distal half, 4.75-8.5 × R IV+V, without any subapical polygonal reticulation …..7

- SIPH less than 4.5 × R IV+V, or if more then with subapical polygonal reticulation …..9

7 ANT I longer than wide and bearing 9-23 hairs. SIPH attenuate distally, thinner than hind tibia at midlength. ANT VI BASE 1.6-2.9 × R IV+V …..Acyrthosiphon pisum

- ANT I not longer than wide, bearing 7-10 hairs. SIPH not so attenuate distally, as thick as or thicker than (0.95-1.7 ×) diameter of hind tibia at midlength. ANT VI BASE 1.1-1.7

× R IV+V …..8

8 SIPH 1.75-2.05 × cauda. Diameter of SIPH at midlength 0.95-1.45 × diameter of hind tibia at midlength …..Acyrthosiphon kondoi

- SIPH 1.45-1.9 × cauda (only more than 1.8 × in large specimens with SIPH at least 0.9 mm). Diameter of SIPH at midlength 1.25-1.7 × diameter of hind tibia at midlength

…..Acyrthosiphon caraganae

9 Dorsum with an extensive black shield …..10

- Dorsum without an extensive black shield …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

10 R IV+V 0.88-1.16 × HT II (mostly 0.9-1.05 X). Anterior half of genital plate with 2 (-3) hairs …..Aphis craccivora

- R IV+V 0.97-1.3 × HT II (mostly 1.06-1.2 X). Anterior half of genital plate with 2-8 hairs (mode 4, mean 5.2) …..Aphis cytisorum

Caraxylon see Iresine Amaranthaceae

Cardamine Brassicaceae

Cardamine africana Aulacorthum solani; Lipaphis erysimi; Myzus ornatus

C. amara Aphis fabae, nasturtii, triglochinis;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus cerasi; [Sitobion avenae]

C. chenopodifolia Brevicoryne brassicae

C. flexuosa. Aphis fabae, nasturtii, triglochinis; Brevicoryne brassicae;

Lipaphis erysimi, pseudobrassicae;

Myzotoxoptera wimshurstae; Myzus ascalonicus, cerasi;

Smynthurodes betae

C. flexuosa ssp. fallax = C. parviflora

C. heterophylla (?) Aulacorthum solani; Myzus cerasi, ornatus, persicae

C. hirsuta Aulacorthum solani; Brevicoryne brassicae;

Jacksonia papillata; Lipaphis erysimi;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzotoxoptera wimshurstae;

Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Pseudomegoura magnoliae;

Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon, staphyleae;

[Utamphorophora humboldti]

C. impatiens Aphis [cardamine Shinji, 1922 – nomen nudum], gossypii,

nasturtii, triglochinis;

Brevicoryne brassicae; [Lipaphis fritzmuelleri];

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzotoxoptera wimshurstae;

Myzus ascalonicus, persicae

C. lyrata Aphis mizutakarashi; [Cavariella salicicola]

C. oligosperma Myzus ascalonicus

C. parviflora Myzus persicae

C. pratensis Aphis triglochinis; Brevicoryne brassicae;

Myzotoxoptera wimshurstae; Pemphigus populitransversus

C. raphanifolia Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus

C. sylvatica = C. flexuosa