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HOST LISTS AND KEYS FOR EACH PLANT GENUS (in alphabetical order) |
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Art-Asp Artabotrys Annonaceae Artabotrys
odoratissimus Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Artabotrys sp. Greenidea anonae Couplet
for these two species:- - SIPH with numerous long hairs. Stridulatory mechanism absent .....Greenidea anonae - SIPH without hairs. Stridulatory mechanism present .....Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii Artemisia Asteraceae Artemisia abrotanum Brachycaudus cardui,
helichrysi; Coloradoa abrotani, [brevisiphon], [procerae]; Macrosiphoniella
abrotani, absinthii, artemisiae, atra, frigidicola, nigropilosa, oblonga, paucisetosa, procerae, pulvera; Macrosiphum
euphorbiae; Microsiphum
diversisetosum, [millefolii], procerae, procerae ssp.
subalpicum; Pleotrichophorus
glandulosus; Protaphis
miranda; Xerobion
judenkoi A. absinthium Aphis fabae, [plantaginis]; Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus
cardui, helichrysi; Coloradoa
abrotani, absinthii, angelicae, artemisiae, brevipilosa, heinzei, rufomaculata; Cryptosiphum
artemisiae, brevipilosum; Macrosiphoniella
abrotani, abrotani ssp. sainshandi, absinthii, artemisiae, nigropilosa,
oblonga, pseudoartemisiae, pulvera, seriphidii,
tanacetaria; Macrosiphum
euphorbiae; Microsiphum [giganteum], jazykovi,
jazykovi ssp. wahlgreni; Myzus
ascalonicus; Pleotrichophorus
glandulosus; Protaphis
elatior, elongata, miranda; Protrama
flavescens, longitarsus; Titanosiphon
neoartemisiae, dracunculi;
Trama troglodytes; Xerobion
cinae, pannonica A. adamsii Macrosiphoniella atra ssp. latysiphon, pulvera A. afra Macrosiphoniella abrotani A. alba (incl.
camphorata, Capitophorus
formosartemisiae dentata, saxatilis) Coloradoa heinzei, palmerae; Macrosiphoniella atra, kaufmanni,
szalaymarszoi; Metopeurum fuscoviride; Myzus ascalonicus; Pleotrichophorus glandulosus A. alba ssp. saxatilis = A. alba A. albida (?) Macrosiphoniella kirgisica, seriphidii, terraealbae; Protaphis miranda; Xerobion cinae A. alpina Coloradoa taurica; Myzus ascalonicus A. annua Aphis fabae, gossypii; Brachycaudus helichrysi; Coloradoa
campestrella, rufomaculata, viridis; [Kaltenbachiella pallida]; Macrosiphoniella
abrotani, abrotani ssp. chosoni, abrotani ssp.
sainshandi, [alatavica], antennata, kuwayamai, nigropilosa, oblonga,
pallidipes, pseudoartemisiae, pulvera, tapuskae, yomenae,
yomogifoliae; Protaphis
elatior, elongata, miranda; Protrama flavescens; Rectinasus
buxtoni; [Rhopalosiphoninus
staphyleae]; Tshernovaia
adenophorae; Xerobion
cinae A. apiacea Aphis kurosawai; Coloradoa viridis; Macrosiphoniella ?annulata, antennata group, atra group, yomogifoliae, Macrosiphoniella sp.; Pleotrichophorus
glandulosus group A. arborescens Brachycaudus helichrysi; Coloradoa angelicae; Macrosiphoniella absinthii, artemisiae, artemisiae ssp.
meridionalis; Pleotrichophorus glandulosus A. arbuscula Artemisaphis artemisicola; [Epameibaphis sp.
(Oregon)]; [Obtusicauda sp.(p.) (western USA; aphidtrek.org)]; Pleotrichophorus brevinectarius,
decampus,obscuratus; [Pseudoepameibaphis sp. (Oregon,
Nevada; A. Jensen)] A. arctica Macrosiphoniella arctica,
borealis, jaroslaviholmani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae A. arenaria = A.
campestris ssp. inodora A. argyi Aphis kurosawai; Aulacorthum solani; Brevisiphonaphis
hirsutissima; Capitophorus
formosartemisiae; Coloradoa
campestrella, rufomaculata; Cryptosiphum artemisiae; Macrosiphoniella
grandicauda, hokkaidensis, kuwayamai, oblonga, pseudoartemisiae, yomogifoliae; Pleotrichophorus
glandulosus, [pseudoglandulosus];
Protrama flavescens; Sappaphis
[angelicograstis], [dipirivora], piri, [sinipiricola]; Tenuilongiaphis
stata; Tuberocephalus lazikouensis, liaoningensis A. aromatica = A. dracunculus A. aschurbajewii Macrosiphoniella szalaymarszoi A. asiatica = A. indica A. astrachanica Cryptosiphum astrachanicae A. aucheri = Seriphidium aucheri A. austriaca [Coloradoa sp. (Holman &
Pintera 1981)]; (incl. var. orientalis) Macropodaphis rechingeri; Macrosiphoniella
abrotani, atra, austriacae, pulvera, szalaymarszoi; Microsiphum
procerae, woronieckae; Obtusicauda moldavica; Protaphis
elatior, miranda; Xerobion cinae A. balchanorum Xerobion cinae A. baldshuanica Macrosiphoniella
nigropilosa, oblonga; Protaphis elongata; Xerobion cinae A. borealis Obtusicauda frigidae A. brevifolia = Seiphidium
brevifolium A. caerulescens (incl. Macrosiphoniella pulvera ssp. cretacea) A. caerulescens ssp. gallica Coloradoa submissa; Macrosiphoniella abrotani,
artemisiae A. californica Aphis hiltoni; Brachycaudus helichrysi; Epameibaphis
atricornis; Obtusicauda
coweni, frigidae; Pleotrichophorus
decampus, obscuratus, quadritrichus A. campestris [Aphis plantaginis]; Brachycaudus helichrysi; (incl. ssp. glutinosa) Coloradoa artemisiae, campestrella, campestris; Cryptosiphum
artemisiae, brevipilosum; Macrosiphoniella
absinthii, arenariae, artemisiae, austriacae, dimidiata, [dubia Ferrari (nomem
dubium)], nidensis,
oblonga, scopariae ssp.
deserticola, subaequalis, tapuskae,
teriolana, usquertensis; Macrosiphum
euphorbiae; Misturaphis
shiloensis; Myzus ornatus; Obtusicauda moldavica; Pleotrichophorus persimilis; Protaphis anuraphoides, elongata, miranda; Protrama
flavescens, longitarsus, [radicis], [ ranunculi];
Titanosiphon artemisiae, minkiewiczi; Trama
troglodytes; [Uroleucon
picridis]; Xerobion caspicae, cinae, judenkoi A. campestris ssp. canadensis Microsiphoniella
canadensis A. campestris ssp. inodora Brachycaudus helichrysi; Coloradoa taurica; Cryptosiphum artemisiae; Elatobium chomoense; Macrosiphoniella [alatavica], arenariae, dimidiata, kaufmanni, pulvera, scopariae, [teriolana]; Pleotrichophorus
persimilis;
Protaphis elatior; Titanosiphon
artemisiae, minkiewiczi, neoartemisiae, [zaisanicum]; Xerobion lambersi A. camphorata = A. alba A. cana Aphis canae; Artemisaphis artemisicola; [Epameibaphis sp. (Oregon;
A. Jensen, aphidtrek.org)]; Macrosiphoniella
absinthii; Microsiphoniella
canadensis; Obtusicauda
coweni; Pleotrichophorus
artemisicola, [decampus], obscuratus, pullus, rusticatus, zoomontanus; Pseudoepameibaphis
tridentatae A. canadensis = A.
campestris ssp. canadensis A. canariensis = A.
thuscula A. capillaris Coloradoa campestrella, [campestris], rufomaculata, submissa; [Cryptosiphum artemisiae ssp.
linanense]; Macrosiphoniella
annulata, atra ssp. latysiphon, capillaricola, chaetosiphon,
formosartemisiae, nigropilosa, pseudoartemisiae, sanborni,
yomogifoliae; Micraphis
artemisiae; Myzus
cerasi ssp. umefoliae; [Obtusicauda nilkaensis]; [Sappaphis sinipiricola]; Titanosiphon
neoartemisiae; Tuberocephalus
sasakii; Uroleucon
omeishanense; Xerobion
cinae A. carvifolia Aphis kurosawai,
spiraecola; Macrosiphoniella
kikungshana, spinipes, yomogifoliae; Tuberocephalus
tsengi A. caspica (?) Xerobion caspicae A. caucasica = A. alpina A. caudata = A.
campestris A. chamaemelifolia Macrosiphoniella
abrotani, chamaemelifoliae, mutellinae, oblonga A. cina = Seriphidium
cinum A. commutata = A.
pubescens A. compacta Macrosiphoniella frigidae; Xerobion alakuli, cinae A. cretacea = A.
caerulescens ssp. cretacea A. dentata = A. alba A. deserti Macrosiphoniella
seriphidii A. desertorum Macrosiphoniella
formosartemisiae; Xerobion
amurensis A. diffusa [Macrosiphoniella staegeri] A. douglasiana Pleotrichophorus
gnaphalodes, pseudoglandulosa A. dracunculus (incl. var. Aphis fabae, kurosawai; glauca) Cryptosiphum
artemisiae, dracunculum; Macrosiphoniella alativica, antennata,
artemisiae, dracunculi, glabra, ludovicianae,
nigropilosa, nitida, nitida ssp.
soongarica, oblonga, procerae,
sibirica, szalaymarszoi, xinjiangica; Microsiphoniella
artemisiae; Microsiphum giganteum, [jazykovi]; Nasonovia ribisnigri; Neomyzus circumflexus; Obtusicauda dolychosiphon; Pleotrichophorus
diutius, gnaphalodes, narzikulovi, parilis, persimilis, persimilis ssp. afghanensis, [wasatchii], [sp.
near ambrosiae]; Protaphis
anuraphoides, [middletonii], miranda, [Protaphis
sp. (Iran: Hodjat 1998)]; Protrama
flavescens; Titanosiphon
dracunculi, neoartemisiae; Trama
troglodytes; Xerobion lambersi A. dubia Macrosiphoniella kuwayamai, yomogifoliae A. dubia ssp. digitata Xerobion judenkoi A. fasciculata = A. incana A. feddei Macrosiphoniella
grandicauda, hokkaidensis, kuwayamai, pseudoartemisiae, taesongsanensis,
yomogifoliae; Tuberocephalus sasakii A. ferganensis [Coloradoa tadzhica]; Macrosiphoniella
alatavica, tadshikana; Xerobion cinae A. filifolia Aphis canae, filifoliae,
hermistonii, minutissima; Epameibaphis
sp.; Macrosiphoniella
antennata (California, USA – see text); Myzus
ornatus; Obtusicauda
filifoliae; Pleotrichophorus
filifoliae, obscuratus, zoomontanus A. frigida Coloradoa heinzei; Cryptosiphum
innokentyi; Epameibaphis
frigidae; Macropodaphis paradoxa; Macrosiphoniella
altaica, frigidae, frigidicola, frigidivora, sieversianae, taesongsanensis; Obtusicauda
frigidae, mongolica; Pleotrichophorus
intermedius, pseudoglandulosus; Protaphis anuraphoides,
[terricola], middletonii, miranda; Pseudoepameibaphis
glauca; Titanosiphon
dracunculi; Xerobion cinae A. gallica = A.
caerulescens ssp. gallica A. genipi Macrosiphoniella
mutellinae A. gigantea = A.
montana A. gilvescens Macrosiphoniella
chaetosiphon A. glabra = A. dubia ssp. digitata A. glanduligera Xerobion cinae A. glauca = A.
dracunculus A. gmelinii Aphis globosa, kurosawai; Coloradoa rufomaculata; Macrosiphoniella abrotani ssp. choseni, absinthii, antennata, atra
ssp. latysiphon, [galatellae], gmelinicola, grandicauda, himalayana,hokkaidensis,
jaroslavi, nigropilosa, oblonga, pallidipes,
sanborni, taesongsanensis, yomenae, yomogifoliae, [Macrosiphoniella (Phalangomyzus) sp. (Kazakhstan:
Kadyrbekov 2014d)]; Protrama sp. (Japan, BMNH collection);
Uroleucon dubium A. gnaphaloides = A. ludovicianae A. halophila Cryptosiphum
astrachanicae; Macrosiphoniella kirgisica, seriphidii; Protaphis
elatior, miranda; Xerobion cinae A. hanseniana = A.
szowitziana A. herba-alba (incl. subsp. Coloradoa
campestris, submissa; [Hyperomyzus
lactucae]; valentinum) Macrosiphoniella
absinthii, artemisiae, dimidiata, [grandicauda],
pulvera, seriphidii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; [Uroleucon
erigeronense]; Xerobion blascoi, cinae A. heptapotamica = Seriphidium heptapotamicum A. heterophylla = A. douglasiana A. incana Titanosiphon
artemisiae A. indica Aphis
kurosawai; [Capitophorus sp. (Vietnam: Yoshitomi et al. 2014)] Coloradoa artemisiae, rufomaculata; Cryptosiphum [artemisiae ssp. linanense];
Dysaphis microsiphon; Macrosiphoniella
kikungshana, kuwayamai, [miyazakii (Bhagat 1981b; nomen
nudum)], yomogicola, yomogifoliae; Neotoxoptera yasumatsui ssp. artemisiae; Pleotrichophorus
glandulosus; Tuberocephalus
artemisiae, higansakurae ssp. hainnevilleae, liaoningensis,
sakurae, sasakii, uwamizusakarae A. integrifolia Macrosiphoniella
kuwayamai A. iwayomogi = A.
gmelinii A. jacutica Coloradoa heinzei A. japonica Cryptosiphum artemisiae, [artemisiae ssp. linanense]; Macrosiphoniella
antennata, atra ssp. latysiphon, capillaricola, formosartemisiae,
gaoloushana, grandicauda, kuwayamai, myohyangsani,
oblonga, oronensis, pallidipes, sanborni,
similioblonga, taesongsanensis, yomogicola, yomogifoliae; Pleotrichophorus glandulosus A. judaica Macrosiphoniella oblonga A. juncea = Seriphidium
junceum A. karatavica = Seriphidium
karatavicum A. keiskeana Macrosiphoniella
formosartemisiae, kikangshana, kuwayamai A. kemrudica Xerobion cinae A. kopetdaghensis Macrosiphoniella
seriphidii, [tuberculata]; Obtusicauda iranica A. laciniata Macrosiphoniella sibirica A. lanulosa = A. alpina A. latifolia Macrosiphoniella
alatavica; Protaphis
miranda A. lavandulaefolia Aphis kurosawai; Macrosiphoniella hokkaidensis, kuwayamai; Tenuilongiaphis stata ssp. shanxiensis A. lessingiana Xerobion cinae A. leucodes Protaphis
elongata; Xerobion cinae A. lobelii = A. alba A. longifolia Aphis artemisicola, canae; Epameibaphis atricornis; Pleotrichophorus
brevinectarius, longinectarius, pullus A. ludoviciana Aphis oregonensis Artemisaphis
artemisicola; Coloradoa rufomaculata; Macrosiphoniella artemisiae, ludovicianae; Microsiphoniella
artemisiae, canadensis; Obtusicauda
frigidae; Pleotrichophorus
glandulosus, gnaphalodes, pseudoglandulosus A. macrocephala Macrosiphoniella
abrotani ssp. sainshandi,
oblonga A. manshurica Aphis neoartemisiphila; Macrosiphoniella
formosartemisiae A. maritima = Seriphidium
maritimum A. maritima var. monogyna = Seriphidium
santonicum A. maritima var. vallesiaca
= Seriphidium vallesiacum A. marschalliana Brachycaudus helichrysi; (incl. ssp. tschernieviana) Coloradoa campestrella, campestris; Macrosiphoniella
abrotani, arenariae, austriacae, dimidiata, kuwayamai, moldavica, scopariae, [teriolana]; Pleotrichophorus
persimilis, persimilis ssp. afghanensis; Protaphis
elatior, elongata; Titanosiphon
minkiewiczi; [Uroleucon gobonis]; Xerobion
judenkoi, lambersi A. maximovicziana Aphis gossypii; Cryptosiphum artemisiae; Macrosiphoniella
gmelinicola A. messerschmidtiana Macrosiphoniella abrotani
ssp. choseni,
antennata ssp. (incl. vars discolor, viridis) takahashii,
atra ssp. latysiphon, gmelinicola,
jaroslavi, yomogifoliae, zeya A. mexicana Pleotrichophorus gnaphalodes,
pseudoglandulosus A. mongolica Aphis kurosawai; Coloradoa campestrella; Cryptosiphum artemisiae; Macrosiphoniella grandicauda,
hokkaidensis, khinganica, kuwayamai, myohyangsani,
pseudoartemisiae, sanborni, taesongsanensis, yomogifoliae A. monogyna = Seriphidium santonicum A. monosperma Colorodoa santolinae,
Macrosiphoniella absinthii A. montana Aphis kurosawai; Aulacorthum solani; Capitophorus formosartemisiae; Coloradoa
artemisiae, campestrella; Cryptosiphum artemisiae; Macrosiphoniella
abrotani ssp.
choseni, grandicauda, hidaensis, hikosanensis, hokkaidensis,
kuwayamai, oblonga, pseudoartemisiae, similioblonga,
taesongsanensis, yomogicola, yomogifoliae; Sappaphis
piri; Tuberocephalus
artemisiae, sakurae A. mutellina = A.
umbelliformis A. myriantha Capitophorus
formosartemisiae A. nepalensis Brachycaudus helichrysi; Capitophorus formosartemisiae A. nitrosa Brachyunguis
tausaghyz; Macrosiphoniella kirgisica, szalaymarzsoi; Protaphis elatior, elongata, miranda; Xerobion alakuli, cinae A. nova Macrosiphoniella
oblonga A. nutans Pleotrichophorus
gnaphalodes (?) A. opulenta Capitophorus
formosartemisiae; Uroleucon ambiguum, [fuchuense] A. pauciflora Obtusicauda dolichosiphon; Protaphis miranda; Xerobion cinae A. pectinata Pall. = Neopallasia pectinata A. pedemontana Macrosiphoniella artemisiae, frigidicola A. persica Macrosiphoniella
absinthii, himalayana, nigropilosa;
Obtusicauda
dolichosiphon, moldavica ssp. crassitubia A. pontica Brachycaudus helichrysi; Coloradoa brevipilosa, brevisiphon,
ponticae; Cryptosiphum artemisiae; Macrosiphoniella abrotani, kaufmanni, oblonga, pulvera, sieversianae,
[Macrosiphoniella sp. nr cinerascens: Leonard 1973]; Protaphis elongata,
miranda; Protrama flavescens A. porrecta Coloradoa heinzei; Cryptosiphum astrachanicae;
Macrosiphoniella kirgisica, seriphidii;
Xerobion cinae A. princeps [Anuraphis farfarae]; Aulacorthum artemisiphaga, solani; (incl. var. orientalis) Aphis
kurosawai, [serissae], spiraecola, [yomogii Shinji 1922]; Capitophorus formosartemisiae; Coloradoa artemisiae, campestrella,
rufomaculata; Cryptosiphum artemisiae; Macrosiphoniella
antennata, chaetosiphon, formosartemisiae, grandicauda,
hikosanensis, kuwayamai, oblonga, pseudoartemisiae, sanborni,
taesongsanensis, yomogicola, yomogifoliae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Macrotrichaphis yatsugatakensis; [Myzus yomogi Shinji (nomen dubium)]; Pleotrichophorus
[chrysanthemi], glandulosus; Sappaphis piri; [Shinjia orientalis]; Tuberocephalus
artemisiae, [momonis],
sakurae, sasakii; [Uroleucon lactucicola] A. procera = A.
abrotanum A. proceriformis = A.
abrotanum A. pubescens Macrosiphoniella
abrotani ssp. chosoni,
[lena] A. reptans Macrosiphoniella absinthii, artemisiae A. rhodantha Macrosiphoniella
alativica A. rigida Epameibaphis sp.;
Obtusicauda coweni, Obtusicauda sp.; Pleotrichophorus
brevinectarius, infrequenus, obscuratus, quadritrichus A. roxburghiana Aphis kurosawai; Capitophorus formosartemisiae A. rubripes Aphis kurosawai; Cryptosiphum artemisiae; Macrosiphoniella
formosartemisiae, grandicauda, hidaensis, hikosanensis, hokkaidensis, kuwayamai,
oblonga, pseudoartemisiae, yomenae, yomogifoliae A. rupestris Macrosiphoniella atra ssp. latysiphon, borealis, frigidivora, subequalis; Obtusicauda mongolica A. rutifolia Macrosiphoniella sojaki A. sacrorum Uroleucon dubium A. saitoana Macrosiphoniella
kuwayamai A. salina = Seriphidium
maritimum A. santolina = Seriphidium santolinum A. santolinifolia Macrosiphoniella
nigropilosa, oblonga, santolinifoliae, szalaymarszoi, Macrosiphoniella
(Phalangomyzus) sp. . (Kazakhstan; Kadyrbekov 2009a, 2014d,e) [Pleotrichophorus
ugamicus]; Protaphis miranda A. santonicum Coloradoa
submissa; Macrosiphoniella
pulvera; Obtusicauda
moldavica; Xerobion
hortobagyi A. saxatilis see A. alba A. schmidtiana Macrosiphoniella
absinthii, yomogicola, yomogifoliae A. schrenkiana = Seriphidium
schrenkianum A. scopariiformis Coloradoa
heinzei; Macrosiphoniella
kirgisica, seriphidii; Protaphis
miranda;
Xerobion lambersi A. scoparia Aphis fabae, gossypii; Coloradoa campestrella,
campestris, [procerae], scopariae, taurica;
Cryptosiphum brevipilosum; Macrosiphoniella
absinthii, [achlys], [alatavica], arenariae, artemisiae, atra ssp. turanica,
formosartemisiae, grandicauda, [hofuchui], [huochengensis], kuwayamai, lambersi, pallidipes, pseudoartemisiae,
scopariae, scopariae ssp. deserticola, seriphidii, [teriolana], tsizhongi], [Macrosiphoniella sp.
(Kadyrbekov 2005b)]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus [cerasi], persicae; Obtusicauda iranica; Pemphigus bursarius; Pleotrichophorus glandulosus, persimilis;
Protaphis elatior, elongata; Protrama flavescens; [Sappaphis albinae, sinipiricola]; Titanosiphon artemisiae, minkiewiczi,
neoartemisiae; Xerobion lambersi A. selengensis Aphis kurosawai; Cryptosiphum
artemisiae, [artemisiae
ssp. linanense]; Macrosiphoniella
grandicauda, hidaensis, hokkaidensis, kuwayamai, oblonga, similioblonga, yomogifoliae;
Pleotrichophorus
glandulosus A. sericea Macrosiphoniella
abrotani, sibirica; Microsiphum jazykovi; Pleotrichophorus
glandulosus A. serotina Coloradoa
heinzei; Macrosiphoniella
kirgisica, pulvera, seriphidii, szalaymarzsoi; [Microsiphum sp.
(Juchnevitch 1968)]; Obtusicauda
moldavica; Protaphis
elatior, miranda; Xerobion cinae A. sibirica = Filifolium sibiricum A. sieberi = Seriphidium sieberi A. sieversiana Aphis fabae, kurosawai; Coloradoa brevipilosa; Cryptosiphum
artemisiae, sieversianae; Macrosiphoniella
abrotani ssp. sainshandi,
absinthii, artemisiae, atra ssp. latysiphon, hokkaidensis,
kuwayamai, oblonga, pulvera, sibirica, sieversianae,
szalaymarzsoi, taesongsanensis; Microsiphum
jazykovi; [Microsiphum
sp. (Juchnevitch 1968)]; Protaphis
anuraphoides, [terricola];
Trama troglodytes; Xerobion
cinae A. songarica Macrosiphoniella
seriphidii A. spinescens = Picrothamnus desertorum A. splendens Macrosiphoniella
absinthii A. stelleriana Capitophorus
formosartemisiae; Cryptosiphum artemisiae; Macrosiphoniella
[albiartemisiae], altaica, artemisiae, hidaensis, kuwayamai, oblonga,
pseudoartemisiae, sachalinensis, sanborni, yomogicola,
yomogifoliae; Pleotrichophorus
gnaphalodes A. stolonifera Aphis artemisiphaga, kurosawai; Aulacorthum artemisiphaga; Macrosiphoniella
antennata, elenae, formosartemisiae, grandicauda, hikosanensis, hokkaidensis,
kikungshana, kuwayamai, myohyangsani, pseudoartemisiae, sanborni,
sikhotealinensis, yomogifoliae; Pleotrichophorus glandulosus; Tuberocephalus artemisiae, sasakii A. stenophylla = A. marschalliana ssp. tschernieviana A. sublessingiana = Seriphidium
sublessingianum A. subulata Macrosiphoniella
kuwayamai, yomogifoliae A. suksdorfii Brachycaudus helichrysi; Macrosiphoniella ludovicianae A. sylvatica Aphis kurosawai; [Coloradoa
kasmirica Rishi & Lone (nomen nudum)]; Delphiniobium ussuriense; Macrosiphoniella
hikosanensis, kikungshana, kuwayamai, myohyangsani A. szowitziana [Cryptosiphum milsteppensis Rusanova
1942 (nomen nudum)]; Macrosiphoniella
pulvera; Titanosiphon
dracunculi; Xerobion cinae A. tanacetifolia Macrosiphoniella
antennata, atra ssp. latysiphon, borealis A. taurica Coloradoa heinzei,
taurica; Macrosiphoniella
tuberculatumartemisicola; [Protrama ranunculi]; Smynthurodes betae; Xerobion
caspicae A. tenuisecta Macrosiphoniella atra ssp. turanica; Titanosiphum neoartemisiae, neoartemisiae ssp.
hissaricum A. terrae-albae Coloradoa heinzei; Cryptosiphum astrachanicae; Macrosiphoniella alatavica, kirgisica,
procerae, pulvera, seriphidii, terraealbae; Obtusicauda moldavica; Protaphis elatior,
miranda; Xerobion alakuli,
caspicae, cinae A. thuscula Macrosiphoniella
absinthii, artemisiae; Myzus persicae A. tilesii Macrosiphoniella
jaroslaviholmani; Pleotrichophorus knowltoni, tuberculatus A. tomentella Coloradoa taurica; Cryptosiphum brevipilosum;
Macrosiphoniella kirgisica, scopariae,
scopariae ssp. deserticola, seriphidii, [teriolana], [Macrosiphoniella sp. (Kadyrbekov
2003c)]; Pleotrichophorus persimilis; Protaphis miranda; Titanosiphon minkiewski, neoartemisiae; Xerobion lambersi A. tournefortiana Macrosiphoniella
abrotani, nigropilosa, oblonga A. transiliensis Coloradoa heinzei; Macrosiphoniella kirgisica, szalaymarszoi; Obtusicauda
moldavica A. tridentata Aphis canae,
chrysothamnicola, filifoliae, hermistonii, infrequens, oregonensis, reticulata,
utahensis; Artemisaphis artemisicola; Brachycaudus helichrysi; Epameibaphis atricornis, frigidae,
utahensis; Flabellomicrosiphum
knowltoni, tridentatae; [Forda marginata]; [Hyperomyzus occidentalis (vagr.?)]; [Illinoia grindeliae]; Macrosiphoniella artemisiae; Microsiphoniella
acophorum, artemisiae, oregonensis; Nevadaphis
sampsoni; Obtusicauda
anomella, artemisiphila, coweni, filifoliae, frigidae, zerothermum; Pleotrichophorus
brevinectarius, decampus, glandulosus, gnaphalodes, heterohirsutus, pallidus,
rusticatus, spatulavillus, zoomontanus; infrequenus, longipes, [oestlundi], [palmerae], pseudoglandulosus,
pullus, [pycnorhysus], quadritrichus, quadritrichus
ssp. pallidus, rusticatus, spatulavillus, zoomontanus; Pseudoepameibaphis essigi, tridentata,
xenotrichis; [Uroleucon erigeronense] A. tridentata var. trifida = A. tripartita A. tripartita Pleotrichophorus
filifoliae, zoomontanus A. tschernieviana = A.
campestris ssp. inodora A. turanica Coloradoa heinzei; Macrosiphoniella kirgisica,
seriphidii; (incl. turcomanica) Macrosiphum frigidivora; Pleotrichophorus
persimilis ssp. afghanensis; [Protaphis afghanica]; Xerobion alakuli, cinae A. umbelliformis [Coloradoa palmerae – in
error: Szelegiewicz (1996, 188)]; Macrosiphoniella mutellinae A. umbrosa Aphis artemisiphaga,
kurosawai;
Cryptosiphum artemisiae; Macrosiphoniella
kuwayamai, yomogifoliae A. valida Coloradoa
heinzei; Macrosiphoniella
kirgisica, seriphidii; Xerobion alakuli, cinae A. vallesiaca Macrosiphoniella vallesiacae A. variabilis Macrosiphoniella
artemisiae, atra, subaequalis; Xerobion blascoi, caspicae A. verlotiorum Brachycaudus helichrysi; Colorodoa artemisiae; Macrosiphoniella
artemisiae, oblonga; Pleotrichophorus
glandulosus group A. vestita [Aphis sp. - Chowdhuri et al. (1969b, 335)]; Brachycaudus helichrysi, [Brachycaudus sp. - Chowdhuri et al.
(1969a, 90)]; Capitophorus formosartemisiae; Cryptosiphum artemisiae; Dysaphis microsiphon; Macrosiphoniella yomogifoliae; Protrama longitarsus ssp. sclerodensis A. vulgaris Aphis artemisiphaga,
aurantii, fabae, gossypii, kurosawai, nevskyi, [plantaginis], spiraecola; Aulacorthum
[perillae], solani; Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi; Capitophorus
formosartemisiae; [Chaetosiphon gracilicorne]; Coloradoa
artemisiae, campestrella, heinzei, rufomaculata, viridis; Cryptosiphum
artemisiae, [brevipilosum]; [Dysaphis hirsutissima]; [Geoica lucifuga]; [Lachnus inflatus Shinji (1922)]; Macrosiphoniella abrotani, absinthii,
artemisiae, atra, chaetosiphon, dimidiata, grandicauda, [helichrysi], hidaensis, hikosanensis, hokkaidensis,
insignata, kalimpongensis, kikungshana, kuwayamai, lijiangensis, ludovicianae, nigropilosa, oblonga,
paraoblonga, pseudoartemisiae, pulvera, sanborni,
sibirica, spinipes, tanacetaria, umarovi, yomogicola,
yomogifoliae; [Metopeurum sp.]; [Sitobion gravelii]; Microsiphoniella artemisiae; Microsiphum giganteum, jazykovi,
woronieckae; Myzus
ascalonicus, cerasi ssp. umefoliae, [dycei], ornatus, persicae; Obtusicauda
dolichosiphon, filifoliae; Pleotrichophorus
brevinectarius, glandulosus, pseudoglandulosus, quadritrichus ssp. vulgaris, zoomontanus; Prociphilus
erigeronensis; Protaphis
elatior, elongata, [hirsuta], middletonii,
miranda, [Protaphis
sp. (Holman and Pintera 1981)]; Protrama
flavescens, longitarsus; Sappaphis
piri; [Sitobion
gravelii]; Smynthurodes betae; Szelegiewicziella
chamaerhodi; Titanosiphon artemisiae, dracunculi,
minkiewiczi; Trama
longitarsus, troglodytes; Tuberocephalus
sasakii, tsengi A. vulgaris var. heterophylla = A. douglasiana A. vulgaris var. indica
= A. indica A. vulgaris var. vulgatissima = A.
montana Artemisia sp. Aphis artemisiphila,
craccivora, lharsartemisiae; (or Seriphidium sp.) Aulacorthum dasi; [Chaetosiphon alpestre]; Coloradoa mesasiatica, paradoxa; [Cryptomyzus taoi]; Cryptosiphum [atriplicivorum], mordvilkoi; [Geoica utricularia]; [Hyalomyzus raoi]; [Iziphya maculata]; [Kaltenbachiella pallida]; [Lipaphis erysimi]; Longisiphoniella subterranea; Macrosiphoniella
atrata, brevisiphona, cegmidi, [erythraea], huaidensis, lidiae, lopatini, [quinifontana], sikkimartemisiae; [Macrosiphum chukotense]; Microsiphoniella oregonensis; [Myzakkaia verbasci]; [Myzus kalimpongensis, ninae, siegesbeckicola] [Nasonovia ribisnigri]; [Indomasonaphis anaphalidis]; [Paracletus cimiciformis]; [Phorodon cannabis]; Protaphis artemisivora; [Saltusaphis
scirpus]; [Sipha elegans]; [Sitobion sp. nr fragariae (as Uroleucon
qinghaiense)]; Tshernovaia spirocaudicula; [Uroleucon pseudotanaceti,
sonchi] The above list, taken together with the list of aphids on the similar
genus Seriphidium, contains more
than 260 species. This is by far the
largest aphid fauna of any plant genus. We have split the key into three
parts to make it easier to use. Master key to aphids on Artemisia
and Seriphidium:- 1 ANT tubercles undeveloped or weakly developed, and front of head convex in
dorsal view; sometimes ANT tubercles are developed so that they project
forward as far as the middle of the head, but then ANT III is without any
secondary rhinaria (except in alatiform specimens) ..…KEY A - ANT tubercles developed
or with developed processes, so that they project forward further than middle
part of head, which is often concave in dorsal view. If the ANT tubercles are
low (Microsiphoniella, Artemisaphis and some Obtusicauda and Microsiphum), then ANT III bears at least one rhinarium …..2 2 SIPH tubular, clearly
longer than their basal widths, with a subapical zone of polygonal
reticulation, consisting of at least a few closed cells ..…KEY B - SIPH either very small or well-developed, but if well-developed then
they lack polygonal reticulation .….KEY C [
Note: the following species could not be included in the key because
specimens were not available and they could not be discriminated on the basis
of the published descriptions. The number in brackets after the species
indicates the couplet they should run to in the key:- Aphis lhasartemisiae (82), Aphis reticulata (79), Coloradoa brevisiphon (20), C. procerae (26), Sappaphis albinae (45), S.
angelicograstis (45), S. dipirivora
(45), S. sinipiricola (45)] 1 ANT PT very short, with
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.4 …..2 - ANT PT/BASE more than 0.4
(often more than 1) ..…8 2 Antennae very densely
hairy; e.g. base of last antennal segment with more than 20 hairs …..3 - Antennae much less hairy;
e.g. base of last antennal segment with less than 10 hairs …..7
3 Hind tarsi elongate, more
than 0.5 of length of hind tibiae.
Antennae 6-segmented …..4 - Hind tarsi of normal
length, much less than 0.5 of length of hind tibiae. Antennae 5-segmented …..6 4 SIPH absent. ANT
PT/BASE less than 0.25. Antennae without secondary rhinaria and eyes with
only 3 facets (except in rare alatiform apterae) .….Trama troglodytes - SIPH present as pores on slightly elevated, pigmented cones. ANT
PT/BASE more than 0.25. Apterae
typically alatiform, with secondary rhinaria on antennae and multifaceted
eyes ..…5 5 Hind tibia 2.2-2.6 × ANT
III. HT II 0.59-0.70 × hind tibia. R IV with 6-8 (usually 7) accessory hairs
on dorsal side …..Protrama flavescens - Hind tibia 2.7-3.2 × ANT III.
HT II 0.53-0.63 × hind tibia. R IV with 6-10 (usually 9) accessory hairs on
dorsal side ..…Protrama longitarsus 6 ANT V BASE and R IV+V both very long, respectively about 1.7 and 2.5 ×
width of head between antennal bases. ANT II similar in length to ANT I, much
shorter than III .….Rectinasus buxtoni - ANT
V BASE and R IV+V of normal length , both about 0.5 × width of head between
antennal bases. ANT II about twice as long as ANT I, similar in length to III
..…Smynthurodes betae 7 R IV+V 0.08-0.12 mm long, and without accessory hairs. Hairs at apices
of tibiae and on first tarsal segments short and thick. Cauda and anal plate
not projecting posteriorly …..Pemphigus bursarius - R IV+V 0.13-0.175 mm
long, with 4-8 accessory hairs. Hairs at apices of tibiae and on first tarsal
segments long and fine. Cauda and anal plate forming a dark posterior
projection of the abdomen …..Prociphilus erigeronensis 8 Fore femora greatly
enlarged, about twice as thick as mid femora, and fore tibiae with
strengthened bases (Fig.12a).
Dorsum adorned with numerous tubercular processes, most of which bear hairs
and wax glands. Cauda knobbed .....9 - Fore
femora not enlarged. Dorsum with or without tubercular processes. Cauda
variable …..10 9 Dorsal tubercles mammariform or quadrate, in a single row across each
tergite, each bearing 1-3 hairs; the tubercles vary in size but all bear
hairs of similar length (Fig.12b) ..…Macropodaphis rechingeri - Dorsal tubercles
mammariform, conical and digitiform, in a double transverse row on each tergite,
each bearing a single hair; both tubercles and hairs vary greatly in size,
the hairs on the digitiform tubercles being minute (Fig.12c) …..Macropodaphis paradoxa 10 Compound eyes well developed, with ocular tubercles (triommatidia) reduced or displaced ventrally, so that they do
not form distinct projections in dorsal view. Dorsal hairs usually with
expanded, and often fan-shaped, apices (e.g. Figs 12d, h-l) .....11 - Compound eyes sometimes
reduced, if well-developed then with ocular tubercles forming distinct
projections. Dorsal hairs variable but never fan-shaped, and usually thinner
at apex than at base .....38 11 SIPH reduced to raised pores (e.g. Fig. 12d) ..…12 - SIPH tubular, longer than
basal width ..…13 12 Femora dark. ANT PT/BASE more than 2 ..…Flabellomicrosiphum knowltoni - Femora pale. ANT PT/BASE
less than 2 …..Flabellomicrosiphum tridentatae 13 SIPH with flange swollen, so that the apex
is knob-like (Figs
12e,f) …..14 - SIPH with normal,
thin-walled flange …..16 14 Dorsum pigmented. SIPH and legs black .....Epameibaphis atricornis - Dorsum pale. SIPH and legs pale (except tarsi) .....15 15 ANT III with 1-4 secondary rhinaria. R IV+V
1.4-1.8 × HT II. Flange of SIPH not thickly swollen (Fig.12e)
…..Epameibaphis frigidae - ANT III without rhinaria. R IV+V 1.0-1.4 × HT II. Flange of SIPH
thickly swollen (Fig.12f) .….Epameibaphis
utahensis 16 SIPH thinner on basal half than middle
of hind tibia, swollen distally on
inner side, with flange set obliquely (e.g. Fig.12g) ..…17 - SIPH on basal half as
thick as or thicker than middle of hind tibia; if swollen distally then the
swelling is more symmetrical and flange less oblique (Figs 12m-p) ..…20 17 ANT PT/BASE 2.5-4.0 .….18 - ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.3 ..…19 18 ANT PT 1.5-2.0 × SIPH
…..Pseudoepameibaphis glauca - ANT PT 1.0-1.3 × SIPH …..Pseudoepameibaphis tridentatae 19 ANT PT
0.9-1.4 × SIPH …..Pseudoepameibaphis essigi - ANT PT 0.3-0.7 × SIPH .….Pseudoepameibaphis xenotrichis 20 SIPH short, less than 0.1 × BL and less
than 1.2 × cauda …..21 - SIPH longer, more than
0.1 × BL and more than 1.3 × cauda ..…27 21 ABD TERG 8 bearing 13-19 hairs. ANT 5-segmented, and dorsal hairs
all very short and fan-shaped, broadening abruptly from base (fundatrices),
or ANT 6-segmented and dorsal hairs longer, broadening gradually from bases
(later generations) .….Coloradoa paradoxa - ABD TERG 8 bearing 6-8 hairs. ANT
6-segmented. Dorsal hairs broadening gradually from base or expanded only
near their apices .….22 22 R IV+V is 1.2-1.5 × HT II, and 0.75-1.0 ×
cauda .….Coloradoa heinzei - R IV+V is 0.8-1.1 × HT
II, and 0.5-0.7 × cauda …..23 23 Dorsal abdominal hairs small, thin and rod-like
(Fig.12h), only
slightly expanded at apices; longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 shorter than BDIII.
SIPH pale .....Coloradoa abrotani - Dorsal abdominal hairs
thicker and with fan-shaped apices; longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 longer than
BDIII. SIPH uniformly dark ..…24 24 Dorsal abdominal hairs narrowest at base,
cylindrical or gradually thickening proximal to the fan-shaped apex (Fig.12i)
…..Coloradoa campestris - Dorsal abdominal hairs
tapering or cylindrical from base, thinnest on distal half, then widening
abruptly into fan-shaped apex (e.g. Fig.12j)
…..25 25 Coxae pale, and at least basal parts
of femora and SIPH pale, although sometimes darker distally .….Coloradoa santolinae - Coxae, femora and SIPH
all dark …..26 26 Antennae dark except for ANT II and base
part of ANT III. Dorsal hairs pale, 50-60 μm long, with longest hairs on
ABD TERG 3 at least 3 × BDIII ..…Coloradoa taurica - Antennae with ANT III and IV pale
except at apices, and V pale basally.
Dorsal hairs pigmented, 40-50 μm long, with longest hairs on ABD
TERG 3 less than 3 × BDIII …..Coloradoa submissa 27 Antennae 5-segmented ..…28 - Antennae 6-segmented ..…29 28 Dorsal cuticle smooth. Dorsal hairs broadly fan-shaped (Fig. 12k). ANT
PT/BASE 1.1-1.4. SIPH 0.75-0.95 × ANT III .….Coloradoa ponticae - Dorsal cuticle with
reticulate sculpturing. Dorsal hairs broadly capitate (i.e., with rounded
apices; Fig.12l). ANT PT/BASE 1.4-2.0.
SIPH 1.05-1.25 × ANT III ..…Coloradoa viridis 29 R IV+V 0.8-1.1 × HT II. SIPH distinctly
clavate (Fig.12m) ..…30 - R IV+V 1.1-1.5 × HT II.
SIPH variable ..…32 30 ANT PT
more than 1.5 × ANT III …..Coloradoa absinthii (also mesasiatica) - ANT PT less than 1.3 ×
ANT III …..31 31 ABD
TERG 8 with the cuticle at the base of
the cauda thickened and raised as a shallow, irregularly shaped
process, bearing 1-2 small spinal tubercles. ANT PT/BASE 1.3-1.8 .….Coloradoa palmerae - ABD TERG 8 with small
single or paired spinal tubercles but these are not placed on a raised,
thickened area of cuticle. ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.4 …..Coloradoa brevipilosa 32 Dorsal abdominal hairs broadly
fan-shaped and very numerous, not in rows. SIPH distinctly clavate …..Coloradoa indica - Dorsal abdominal hairs
sparse, rod-shaped, fan-shaped or spatulate, roughly in a single row across
each segment. SIPH with or without
distal swelling ..…33 33 SIPH
swollen on distal half to at least 1.2 of minimum width on basal half (Fig.12n) ..…Coloradoa angelicae - SIPH cylindrical or if slightly
swollen near apex, maximum width does not exceed 1.15 of minimum width (e.g.
Figs. 12o,p)
…..34 34 R IV+V 0.75-1.11 × ANT PT .….Colorodoa scopariae - R IV+V 0.53-0.74 × ANT PT .....35 35 ANT
0.4-0.5 × BL, with PT/BASE 1.4-1.7. (Al. with sec. rhin. III 6-10, IV 4-8, V
0-2) ..…Coloradoa
campestrella - ANT 0.5-0.7 × BL, with
PT/BASE 1.3-2.0 .....36 36 Hairs on ABD TERG 3-5 are c.2 × diameter of ANT
III. ABD TERG 8 with 10-12 hairs .....Coloradoa deserta - Hairs
on ABD TERG 3-5 are not more than 1.5 ×
diameter of ANT III. ABD TERG 8 with 4-5 hairs .....37 37 SIPH almost smooth on basal part, in
comparison with more coarsely imbricated distal part. (Al. with sec. rhin.
III 9-19, IV 3-10, V 0-4) .....Coloradoa rufomaculata - SIPH with coarse imbrication near base similar to that near apex. (Al.
with sec. rhin. III 14-22, IV 11-14, V 2-9) …..Coloradoa artemisiae 38 Dorsum
with numerous barrel-like or stump-like processes. Dorsal hairs extremely
thick and long (80-160 μm), broad-based and tapering, arising from
tubercular bases ..…Tenuilongiaphis stata - Dorsum without
barrel-like or stump-like processes. Dorsal hairs short, or fine if long .….39 39 ABD TERG 1 and 7 both without
marginal tubercles (MTu) .....40 - MTu always present at least on ABD TERG 1 (or 1-5), and usually on
7 ..…52 40 SIPH evident, tubular or conical, as long
as their basal widths or longer ..…41 - SIPH small, pore-like or on
shallow cones, not longer than their basal width ; sometimes almost invisible .….44 41 Cauda longer than its basal width ..…42 - Cauda as short as or
shorter than its basal width .….43 42 SIPH
shorter than cauda, which has a midway constriction and a rounded apex. ANT 5-segmented, with ANT
PT/BASE more than 3.5 .….Misturaphis shiloensis - SIPH longer than cauda,
which is conical, without a constriction. ANT 5- or 6-segmented, with ANT
PT/BASE 1.0-1.2 .….Micraphis artemisiae 43 ANT 0.7-0.9 × BL, with PT/BASE 4.6-6.1. SIPH long and dark, 0.23-0.29 × BL
and 6.0-7.8 × cauda. Spiracles reniform …..Longisiphoniella subterranea* - ANT 0.4-0.7 × BL, with
PT/BASE 2.4-3.2. SIPH truncate, pale,
0.07-0.1 × BL and 1.1-1.3 × cauda. Spiracles large and circular .….Brachycaudus helichrysi 44 Dorsum clothed with numerous
fine hairs …..45 - Dorsum sparsely hairy …..46 45 SIPH short, conical, with a flange, and
with surrounding hairs (Fig. 12q). Cauda
bluntly triangular or helmet-shaped .....Sappaphis piri - SIPH as very small shallow flangeless cylinders, only slightly
conical, and without surrounding hairs. Cauda with broad basal part and
narrowly extended apical part ..…Brevisiphonaphis hirsutissima 46 ANT PT/BASE more than 1.1 .....47 - ANT PT/BASE less than 1.1 .….48 47 Body broadly spindle-shaped. SIPH as short
cylinders, length about half of width.
First tarsal segments with 2-2-2 hairs ..…Cryptosiphum mordvilkoi* - Body broadly oval. SIPH as pores. First tarsal segments with 3-3-2
hairs ..…Cryptosiphum sieversianae* 48 R
IV+V 0.95-1.1 × HT II. Posterior margin of subgenital plate with 6-9 hairs .....Cryptosiphum dracunculum* - R IV+V 1.2-1.7 × HT II.
Posterior margin of subgenital plate with 7-19 hairs .....49 49 Cauda semicircular, almost as long as wide.
Tubercular bases of dorsal hairs mostly longer than their basal widths.
Prothoracic MTu evident .….Cryptosiphum astrachanicae*
- Cauda semilunar, much
broader than long. Tubercular bases of dorsal hairs not longer than their basal widths. Prothoracic
MTu not evident .….50 50 Stigmal plates of the spiracles on the first two
abdominal segments united. First tarsal segments with 3-3-3 hairs …..Cryptosiphum innokentyi* - Stigmal plates of the
spiracles on the first two abdominal segments separated. First tarsal
segments with 3(2)-3(2)-2 hairs ..…51 51 ANT III 1.0-1.6 (-2.2) × PT. Subgenital
plate usually with 2 (sometimes up
to 4) hairs on anterior half and 6-11 on posterior margin. (Alatae with
secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 9-13, IV 0) .….Cryptosiphum brevipilosum - ANT III 1.6-2.8 × PT. Subgenital plate with 5-10 hairs on anterior half and
12-19 on posterior margin. (Alatae with secondary rhinaria distributed ANT
III 21-28, IV 2-5) ..…Cryptosiphum artemisiae 52 ANT PT/BASE 3.7-5.4 …..53 - ANT PT/BASE less than 3.5 .….54 53 Antennae
4-segmented. Dorsum with a
continuous sclerotic shield covering metanotum and most of ABD TERG 1-6. No
stridulatory apparatus ..…Szelegiewicziella chamaerhodi - Antennae 6-segmented. No sclerotic dorsal shield.
Stridulatory apparatus present, comprising cuticular ridges on abdominal
sternites 5 and 6 and a row of short, peg-like hairs on each hind tibia ..…Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii 54 R
IV+V more than 2 times HT II and bearing 8 or more long fine accessory
hairs. (ANT PT/BASE about 1.1-1.2.
SIPH very short, pale and cylindrical. Cauda semicircular) .….Nevadaphis sampsoni - R IV+V less than 2 × HT
II and bearing 2-6 accessory hairs …..55 55 SIPH as short, dark sclerotic
truncate cones with broad bases (volcano-shaped; Fig.12r), shorter than
their basal widths; smooth or, if weakly imbricated, then without spicules on
the imbrications. Cauda conical, very short and broad, much shorter than its
basal width. ANT PT/BASE always less than 1 .....56 - SIPH tapering or
cylindrical, with spiculose imbrication; if tapering from a broad base then
longer than their basal widths. Cauda rounded, conical, tongue- or
helmet-shaped; shorter or longer than its basal width. ANT PT/BASE more or
less than 1 ..…64 56 Cephalic frontal hairs 7-20 μm long,
0.5-1.2 × BD III ..…57 - Cephalic frontal hairs
22-65 μm long, 1.5-4.5 × BD III ..…59 57 R
IV+V 1.3-1.4 × HT II. ANT III-V usually without secondary rhinaria .....Xerobion pannonica* - R IV+V 0.95-1.25 × HT
II. ANT III-V usually with at least
some secondary rhinaria .….58 58 Small
MTu present on at least some of
ABD TERG 2-5 as well as 1 and 7 .….Xerobion hortobagyi - No MTu on ABD TERG 2-5 ..…Xerobion caspicae 59 Legs and antennae wholly dark …..Xerobion blascoi - At least middle parts of tibiae
and antennae pale …..60 60 ANT without secondary rhinaria …..Xerobion amurensis* - ANT III with (0-)1-7 secondary rhinaria, IV
with 0-3 and V with 0-2 ..…61 61 MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 very large, much
broader than high, much larger than the adjacent stigmal plates. Dorsal hairs
rather fine with pointed apices ..…Xerobion judenkoi - MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7
papilliform, similar in size to, or smaller than, adjacent stigmal plates.
Dorsal hairs rather thick and spine-like with abruptly pointed or blunt apices ..….62 62 R IV+V 1.0-1.18 × HT II. Femora pale ..…Xerobion lambersi - R IV+V 1.2-1.4 × HT
II. Femora dark ..…63 63 Cephalic frontal hairs 1.5-2.5 × BD III.
Cauda with 14-24 hairs ..…Xerobion cinae - Cephalic frontal hairs
2.5-4.0 × BD III. Cauda with 8-14(-16) hairs ..…Xerobion alakuli* 64 R IV+V stiletto-shaped, with RV extended as
a needle-like tip, and RIV with a pair of very long finely pointed accessory
hairs, as long as or longer than the “apical” hairs, which are displaced so
that two pairs occupy a midway position (Fig.12s; Aphis subgenus Zyxaphis) …..65 - R IV+V variable in shape
but RV is not extended as a needle-like tip, and the accessory hairs are
often shorter than the longest of the apical pairs, which are not displaced
to a midway position (e.g. Fig. 12t) .….71 65 R IV+V 0.24-0.29 mm long, about 2 × HT II ..…Aphis infrequens - R IV+V 0.10-0.15 mm long,
1.3-1.6 × HT II ..…66 66 SIPH very short, only about as long as
their basal widths. ANT PT/BASE 0.6-0.9 .....67 - SIPH longer than their
basal widths. ANT PT/BASE 0.6-2.0 …..68 67 Cauda
broadly rounded, not longer than its basal width. RV less than half as long
as RIV. [Only alatae are known, but these characters are probably applicable
also to apterae.] .....Aphis utahensis - Cauda clearly longer than its basal width. RV attenuate, almost as
long as RIV ..…Aphis minutissima 68 SIPH about equal in length to cauda and ANT
BASE VI ..…Aphis filifoliae - SIPH clearly longer than
both cauda and ANT BASE VI …..69 69 SIPH rather thick and broad-based, slightly
broader at base than middle of hind femur. Abdominal pigmentation when fully
developed consists of a central patch on ABD TERG 2-4 joined to widely
separate paired patches on ABD TERG 5, that extend laterally towards the
siphunculi (Fig.12u).
ABD TERG 7 with MTu well developed; only in small specimens are they much
smaller than those on ABD TERG 1 .....Aphis hermistonii - SIPH slightly narrower at
base than middle of hind femur.
Abdominal pigmentation variable, but if there are any paired patches
on ABD TERG 5 then these do not extend further laterally than the central
patch on ABD TERG 2-4, and are not widely separated (e.g. Fig. 12v). ABD TERG
7 with MTu often much smaller than those on ABD TERG 1, and in very small
specimens they are little larger than hair bases, or even absent ..…70 70 ANT PT/BASE 0.8-1.5. SIPH 0.09-0.19 × BL.
Abdominal pigmentation when fully developed consisting of a large broad
irregular quadrate central patch over most of ABD TERG 2-4 or 2-5, typically
with a central notch in the posterior margin on ABD TERG 5 (Fig.12v). Hairs on
ANT III 14-31 μm long, not usually exceeding BD III ..…Aphis
canae - ANT PT/BASE 1.4-2.0. SIPH 0.19-0.26 × BL. Abdominal pigmentation when
fully developed consisting of an oval central patch on ABD TERG 2-4, longer
than wide and not extending onto ABD TERG 5. Hairs on ANT III 30-50 μm long,
longer than BD III .….Aphis oregonensis 71 ANT III with 1 or more
secondary rhinaria (in normal apterae) ..…72 - ANT III without secondary
rhinaria (except in clearly alatiform apterae) ..…75 72 ANT
5-segmented. R IV+V 1.5-1.7 × HT II. Cauda with 5-6 short hairs .…Aphis globosa* - ANT 6-segmented. R IV+V
1.2-1.5 × HT II. Cauda with 7-20 short or long hairs ..…73 73 ANT PT/BASE 1.0-1.1. Cauda with 16-20 hairs …..Protaphis elatior - ANT PT/BASE 1.3-2.4.
Cauda with 7-15 hairs …..74 74 ANT
PT/BASE 1.3-1.7. Cauda with 7-12 short hairs, which are maximally 1.5 × BDIII
.….Protaphis artemisivora* - ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.4 (rarely
less than 1.7). Cauda with 10-15 long
hairs, which are more than 2 × BDIII .....Protaphis middletonii 75 ANT PT/BASE 1.3 or less .….76 - ANT PT/BASE 1.36 or more …..81 76 SIPH much longer than cauda ..... Aphis hiltoni* - SIPH 0.5-1.0 × cauda ..…77 77 Cauda c.0.2 mm long, at least twice its
basal width ..…Aphis nevskyi* - Cauda 0.08-0.13 mm long, about
as long as its basal width or only a little longer .….78 78 Cauda with 6-8 hairs. SIPH pale ..…Brachyunguis tausaghyz* - Cauda with 14-20 hairs.
SIPH dark …..79 79 Longest
hairs on ANT III 1.1-1.2 × BD III. MTu usually absent from ABD TERG 6 .….Protaphis elongata - Longest hairs on ANT III
0.3-0.5 × BD III. MTu present or absent on ABD TERG 6 …..80 80 MTu consistently present on ABD TERG 6 as
well as 1 and 7 …..Protaphis miranda - MTu usually absent from
ABD TERG 6 …..Protaphis elatior 81 MTu present on ABD TERG 1-5 but not on 7.
SIPH 0.4-0.8 (-1.2) × cauda which is helmet-shaped, distinctly shorter than
its basal width. (Dorsal body and appendages with numerous long hairs)
…..Dysaphis microsiphon - MTu always on ABD TERG 1 and
7, sometimes also on 2-4 or 2-5. SIPH 0.8-2.0 × cauda which is tongue-shaped,
tapering or triangular …..82 82 MTu normally present on most of ABD TERG
2-4 (or 5) as well as 1 and 7 ..…83 - MTu absent from or only rarely
present on tergites other than 1 and 7 …..85 83 SIPH 0.8-1.25 × cauda. ANT III with hairs
on anterior side short, but usually with one or more long, fine hairs on
posterior side which are 2-3 × BD III .....Aphis artemisiphaga* - SIPH 1.4-2.0 × cauda.
Hairs on ANT III all short, the longest 0.2-0.8 × BD III .….84 84 ANT PT/BASE 2.8-3.3. R IV+V 1.25-1.4 × HT
II. Cauda triangular, about as long as its basal width, with about 16 hairs .….Aphis artemisiphila* - ANT PT/BASE 2.5-2.7. R
IV+V 1.1-1.2 × HT II. Cauda about twice as long as its basal width, with 6-7
long hairs ..…Aphis neoartemisiphila* 85 R IV+V 1.36-1.91 × HT II,
tapering almost to a point, and often with concave sides. ANT PT/BASE 1.4-2.0 ..…Aphis kurosawai - R IV+V 0.9-1.5 × HT II, ending bluntly and with straight or convex
sides. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-3.5 (rarely less than 2.0) ..…polyphagous Aphis spp.
(fabae, gossypii and spiraecola); for separation see key to
polyphagous aphids. [Note: the following Macrosiphoniella
species could not be included in the key because specimens could not be
discriminated on the basis of available material or published descriptions. The
number in brackets after the species indicates the couplet they should run to
in the key:- Macrosiphoniella achlys (71),
M. arenariae (69), M. alativica (35), M. austriacae (71), M. brevisiphona (69), M. dracunculi (74), M. erythraea (25), M. frigidae (71), M. hofuchui (46), M.
khinganica (43), M. lena (69), M. lidiae (30), M. lopatini (30), M.
procerae (30), M. santolinifoliae (69),
M. scopariae (53), M. sibirica (91), M. tsizhongi(46).] 1 SIPH (Fig. 13a) bearing
many fine hairs, and long (9-10 × longer than their midlength diameter and
more than 2 × the pale triangular cauda which is about 2 × its basal width).
First tarsal segments with (4-) 5 hairs .....Macrotrichaphis yatsugatakensis - SIPH with few or no hairs
(or if with many hairs then short (Fig.13e); c. 3 × midlength diameter and
similar in length to dark tongue-shaped cauda, and first tarsal segments with
3 hairs) .....2 2 Cauda short, less than
1.5 × its basal width, more-or-less triangular, sometimes with a narrower
distal part (e.g. Fig.13b) .....3 - Cauda finger-like, longer
than 1.5 × its basal width, tapering or rounded at apex ..…6 3 SIPH with reticulation confined
to a few transverse striae and closed cells at apex (Fig.13c).
Abdominal spiracles with broadly open, rounded apertures
…..Artemisaphis artemisicola - SIPH with polygonal
reticulation extending over distal 0.25-0.7 of length. Abdominal spiracles
with small reniform apertures, partly occluded by the stigmal plates ..…4 4 SIPH thin, 1.3-2.0 × cauda,
6-11 × their least diameter near midlength. ANT III with 4-32 tuberculate
secondary rhinaria, and IV with 0-12 …..Metopeurum fuscoviride - SIPH thick and short,
1.0-1.3 × cauda, 2.2-4.5 × their midlength diameter. ANT III with 5-18
rhinaria, and IV with or without 1-2 rhinaria …..5 5 ANT III with 5-13
rhinaria confined to basal half, none on IV …..Macrosiphoniella elenae* - ANT III with 14-18 rhinaria distributed over most of length, and 0-2
on IV …..Macrosiphoniella
insignata* 6 Thoracic spiracles very
large, with round apertures, conspicuously larger than abdominal ones,
although these also have broad open, oval apertures, Dorsal abdomen without
any dark sclerotisation …..Delphiniobium ussuriense* - Thoracic spiracles similar
in size and form to abdominal ones. Dorsal abdomen with or without dark
sclerotisation …..7 7 Abdominal spiracles with
broadly open, oval apertures. Dorsal abdomen with dark intersegmental muscle
plates. SIPH with subapical polygonal reticulation extending over 0.05-0.25
of length, and often bearing a few hairs …..8 - Abdominal spiracles with
small reniform apertures, partly occluded by the stigmal plates. Dorsal abdomen with unpigmented
intersegmental muscle plates. SIPH if with polygonal reticulation then this
extends over 0.12-0.75 of length, and usually without hairs …..16 8 ANT III (of apt.) with 12-26 secondary rhinaria (rarely less than 18),
extending over full length of segment, and ANT IV with 0-6 (rarely 0). (Al.
with 23-30 on III and 1-12 on IV) ..…Obtusicauda frigidae - ANT III with 0-13 secondary rhinaria, and ANT IV without any. (Al.
with 4-28 on III and 0-2 on IV)
…..9 9 SIPH 1.0-1.7 × ANT PT .….10 - SIPH 0.4-0.95 × ANT PT .....13 10 SIPH
thick, 4.0-5.5 × longer than their middle diameters. Coxae dusky or dark ..…Obtusicauda dolychosiphon - SIPH 5.5-10.5 × longer
than their middle diameters. Coxae pale or dark …..11
11 Coxae pale .….Obtusicauda filifoliae - Coxae dark .….12 12 SIPH 0.58-0.81 mm long, 1.75-2.5 × cauda and longer than ANT III .….Obtusicauda iranica* - SIPH 0.43-0.49 mm long, 1.4-1.7 × cauda and shorter than ANT III .....
Obtusicauda anomella* 13 SIPH 0.4-0.6 × ANT PT, and 0.8-1.0 × cauda …..Obtusicauda mongolica* - SIPH 0.65-0.95 × ANT PT,
and 1.1-2.0 × cauda ..…14 14 Coxae
pale. ANT III (of apt.) with 0-2
secondary rhinaria. (Al. with 4-9) .….Obtusicauda artemisiphila - Coxae
dusky or dark. ANT III (of apt.) with 0-12 secondary rhinaria. (Al. with
12-24) .….15 15 ANT
PT/BASE 3.3-5.1. SIPH 1.1-1.5 × cauda,
and 0.17-0.22 × BL ..…Obtusicauda moldavica group - ANT PT/BASE 4.9-6.5. SIPH 1.0-2.0 × cauda and 0.19-0.37 × BL …..Obtusicauda coweni group 16 First tarsal segments with 4-5
hairs, 3 subapical and 1-2 lateral ..…17 - First tarsal segments
with 3 subapical hairs only, without lateral hairs .....19 17 Cauda dark. Tibiae wholly dark. SIPH about
1.6-1.7 × cauda …..Uroleucon omeishanense* - Cauda pale. Tibiae with
paler middle section. SIPH 1.0-1.6 × cauda …..18 18 ANT PT/BASE 5.5-6.5. SIPH 1.0-1.35 × cauda. R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT II. Cauda
with 12-27 hairs …..Uroleucon ambrosiae - ANT PT/BASE 3.8-4.8. SIPH 1.3-1.6 × cauda. R
IV+V 0.9-1.2 × HT II. Cauda with 10-16 hairs …..Uroleucon ambiguum 19 SIPH
pale at least basally, 1.7-2.3 × cauda, with reticulation over distal
0.12-0.20(-0.25) of length. ANT PT/BASE 4.2-7.0. R IV+V with convex or
straight sides and with hairs on basal half similar in length to subapical
(primary) hairs …..20 - SIPH pale or dark,
0.6-2.0 × cauda, with reticulation over distal 0.16-0.75 of length. ANT
PT/BASE often less than 4.2. R IV+V variable but often more-or-less
stiletto-shaped, with straight or concave sides and a pointed apex. Hairs on
basal half of R IV+V often long and fine, longer than the subapical primary
hairs ..…21 20 ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria. SIPH pale or
only dusky towards apex, which is not flared and has a distinct flange …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae - ANT III with 6-26
rhinaria. SIPH pale at base but darker distally, flared at apex, without any
distinct flange (Fig.
5i) …..Macrosiphoniella tapuskae 21 Cauda with a remarkable bipartite
structure, comprising a broad base and a long thin twisted distal part .....22 - Cauda finger-like or
gradually tapering, not twisted .....23 22 Thin twisted distal part of cauda bearing
c.10 hairs. ANT III with c.7-10 rhinaria. R IV+V with acutely pointed apex
and 6 accessory hairs .....Tshernovaia spirocaudicula* - Thin twisted distal part
of cauda without hairs. ANT III with 20-40 rhinaria. R IV+V with blunt apex
and 8-12 accessory hairs ....Tshernovaia adenophorae 23 Hind tibia with a ventral row of short
thick peg-like hairs, distinct from the normal ones (Fig.13d) ..…24 - Hind tibia without a
ventral row of short thick peg-like hairs …..26 24 R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II. SIPH with
reticulation over at least distal 0.5. Genital plate with 2-5
hairs on anterior part ..…Macrosiphoniella jaroslavi* - R IV+V 1.2-1.6 × HT II.
SIPH with reticulation on distal 0.16-0.4. Genital plate with 9-14 hairs on
anterior half …..25 25 SIPH
long and stout, 0.22-0.28 × BL, with reticulation over distal 0.25-0.30. R IV+V 1.4-1.6 × HT II ..…Macrosiphoniella spinipes - SIPH 0.18-0.21 × BL with
reticulation over distal 0.16-0.25. R IV+V 1.2-1.4 × HT II ..…Macrosiphoniella myohyangsani* 26 ABD TERG 2-4 each with at
least 50 long, fine hairs arranged irregularly, not in transverse rows. Head
with at least 12 dorsal hairs in addition to the frontal ones (Macrosiphoniella subgenus Sinosiphoniella) ..…27 - ABD TERG 2-4 each with
8-35 hairs arranged in 1-2 transverse rows. Head with only 8-10 dorsal hairs in
addition to frontal ones .....30 27 SIPH bearing long fine hairs (Fig. 13e) …..Macrosiphoniella chaetosiphon - SIPH without hairs .….28 28 Dorsal abdomen with dark
cross-bands (sometimes broken into segmental groups of sclerites). Tibiae
uniformly dark …..Macrosiphoniella yomogicola - Dorsal abdomen without
dark markings, or with small scleroites at bases of hairs. Tibiae usually
with paler middle section, sometimes uniformly dark .….29 29 SIPH 1.1-1.6 × cauda which tapers sharply
from base and has long thin distal part (Fig.13f). R IV+V
more than 3 × its basal width, similar in length to HT II. Dorsal abdominal
hairs without scleroites at their bases ..…Macrosiphoniella kuwayamai - SIPH 0.8-1.0 × cauda which tapers gradually from base to apex (Fig.
13c). R IV+V about 2 × its basal width, clearly shorter than HT II. Dorsal
abdominal hairs often arising from scleroites ..…Macrosiphoniella hikosanensis 30 SIPH pale, dusky or dark, if
mainly dark then with basal section distinctly paler over at least 0.1 of
length .....31 - SIPH entirely or almost
entirely dark, sometimes somewhat less dark at extreme base .….53 31 SIPH as long as or longer than
head width across (and including) eyes .....32 - SIPH shorter than head
width across eyes .….42 32 ANT III with 24-56 secondary rhinaria. R IV+V 1.2-1.5 × HT II. SIPH thick,
tapering from base to flange, not at all flared apically …..Uroleucon dubius - ANT III with 1-16
secondary rhinaria. R IV+V 0.65-1.4 × HT II. SIPH narrowing on distal
reticulated section and often somewhat flared apically …..33 33 Hind tibia pale over most of
length .....34 - Hind tibia dusky to dark .....41 34 R IV+V stiletto-shaped, more than twice as
long as its basal width .....35 - R IV+V short, less than
twice as long as its basal width .….39 35 Cauda with 8-10 hairs .....Macrosiphoniella tadshikana* (or alativica?) - Cauda with 12-20 hairs .....36 36 ANT III 1.9-2.2 × ANT IV. SIPH 1.38-1.62 ×
cauda .....Macrosiphoniella xinjiangica - ANT III 1.05-1.3 × ANT
IV. SIPH 1.0-1.5 × cauda .....37 37 ANT
PT/BASE 1.7-2.5. SIPH reticulated for 0.24-0.30 of length …..Macrosiphoniella kermanensis* - ANT PT/BASE 2.6-3.2. SIPH
reticulated for 0.45-0.56 of length …..38 38 SIPH 1.0-1.2 × cauda .....Macrosiphoniella terraealbae - SIPH 1.2-1.5 × cauda .....Macrosiphoniella seriphidii 39 Cauda
with 7-15(-18) hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 3-6 hairs. Primary rhinaria with naked
rims ..…Macrosiphoniella grandicauda - Cauda with 18-33 hairs.
ABD TERG 8 with 4-12 (mostly 8-11) hairs. Primary rhinaria with ciliate rims .….40 40 R
IV+V 0.68-0.80 × HT II. ABD TERG 8 with 6-12 hairs .....Macrosiphoniella
oblonga group (incl. hidaensis) - R IV+V 0.59-0.61 × HT II.
ABD TERG 8 with 4 hairs .....Macrosiphoniella
similioblonga* 41 Femora
entirely pale contrasting with wholly dark tibiae. Cauda with 6-9 hairs …..Macrosiphoniella paucisetosa - Femora
with apical regions as dark as tibiae. Cauda with 18-26 hairs ..…Macrosiphoniella ludovicianae 42 ANT III with 23-73 secondary rhinaria …..Macrosiphoniella borealis* - ANT III with 1-16
secondary rhinaria …..43 43 R IV+V 0.7-1.0 × HT II ..…44 - R IV+V (1.0-) 1.05-1.5 × HT
II …..47 44 SIPH
usually a little longer than cauda, which bears 8-14 hairs …..Macrosiphoniella frigidicola - SIPH usually a little
shorter than (0.7-1.01 ×) cauda, which bears 10-28 hairs (if only 10-11 then
SIPH 0.7-0.8 × cauda)
…..45 45 Longest hairs on ANT III 0.6-1.0 × BD III .….Macrosiphoniella pulvera - Longest hairs on ANT III
1.1-1.8 × BD III …..46 46 ABD TERG 3 with 10-14 hairs. R
IV+V 0.6-0.8 × HT II …..Macrosiphoniella abrotani - ABD
TERG 3 with 21-32 hairs. R IV+V 0.85-0.95 × HT II .….Macrosiphoniella
sieversianae* 47 Cauda with 18-22 hairs …..Macrosiphoniella lijiangensis - Cauda with 8-15(-22)
hairs ..…48 48 Cauda with 10-15(-22) hairs. ANT III with
1-16 secondary rhinaria. SIPH with polygonal reticulation extending over
distal 0.50-0.65 …..Macrosiphoniella szalaymarszoi (part) - Cauda with 8-12 hairs.
ANT III with 1-6 secondary rhinaria. SIPH with polygonal reticulation on
distal 0.35-0.56 ..…49 49 ANT
PT/BASE 2.0-2.4. Hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 1.2-1.8 × BD III …..Macrosiphoniella
sachalinensis* - ANT PT/BASE 2.5-4.0.
Hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 2.0-3.4 × BD III .….50 50 ANT PT/BASE 3.2-4.0. ANT III 1.3-1.7 ×
cauda …..51 - ANT PT/BASE 2.5-3.1. ANT
III either 1.0-1.25 or 1.6-2.25 × cauda .….52 51 R IV+V 1.30-1.5 × HT II .....Macrosiphoniella altaica* - R IV+V 1.0-1.1 × HT II .....Macrosiphoniella nitida ssp. soongarica 52 SIPH 1.05-1.4 × cauda. ANT III
1.6-2.25 × cauda and 1.35-1.95 × ANT IV. Hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 2.0-2.5 × BD
III …..Macrosiphoniella cegmidi* - SIPH 0.8-0.9 × cauda. ANT
III 1.0-1.25 × cauda and 0.95-1.2 × ANT IV. Hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 2.7-3.4 ×
BD III .….Macrosiphoniella taesongsanensis* 53 SIPH 0.90 –1.45 × cauda and
flask-shaped; constricted at base, strongly swollen on basal half , narrowing
on reticulated distal section to less than half the maximum width of the
swollen part, and flared at apex (Fig.13h). R IV+V
0.7-0.9 × HT II ..…54 - SIPH of various shapes,
including flask- (or bottle-) shaped, but if strongly swollen on basal half
then either less than 0.9 × cauda, or R IV+V is more than 0.9 × HT II (or
both) .....56 54 Legs mostly pale, with only distal third of
femora, bases and apices of tibiae, and tarsi dark brown to black. (ANT
1.14-1.25 × BL)
…..Macrosiphoniella pallidipes* - Legs mainly black, with
extreme bases of femora and sometimes middle parts of tibiae brown …..55 55 Body
spindle-shaped. ANT 1.3-1.75 × BL,
with ANT IV 0.8-1.2 × ANT III …..Macrosiphoniella
antennata group - Body oval. ANT 1.0-1.1 × BL, with ANT IV 0.5-0.6 × ANT III .….Macrosiphoniella
gmelinicola 56 Tibiae with at least middle
part pale, contrasting with dark apex and not clearly darker than body .....57 - Tibiae wholly dusky or
dark, sometimes with middle section slightly less dark, but always clearly
darker than body .….69 57 Hairs on ANT III 2.3-4.0 × BD III .….Macrosiphoniella kikungshana - Hairs on ANT III 0.5-2.2
× BD III ..…58 58 SIPH with distal polygonal
reticulation extending over 0.6 or more of length .….59 - SIPH with distal
polygonal reticulation over 0.3-0.55 of length .….61 59 ANT III with 8-32 secondary rhinaria
(rarely less than 10, and usually extending whole length of segment) ..…Macrosiphoniella sanborni - ANT III with 2-9
secondary rhinaria, not extending beyond basal 0.6 ..…60 60 Hairs on dorsal body and antennae with
pointed apices, and mostly arising from pigmented scleroites; longest hairs
on ANT III 1.4-2.0 × BD III, and on ABD TERG 3 more than 2.5 × BD III. R IV+V
0.8-1.0 × HT II ..…Macrosiphoniella himalayana - Hairs on dorsal body and antennae with blunt or slightly capitate
apices, and not arising from pigmented scleroites; longest hairs on antennae
III 0.9-1.35 × BD III, and on ABD TERG 3 less than 2.5 × BD III. R IV+V
0.95-1.25 × HT II …..Macrosiphoniella pseudoartemisiae 61 R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II ..…62 - R IV+V 1.0-1.5 × HT II …..66 62 ANT
III (of apt.) with 54-100 secondary rhinaria distributed over most of segment .....Macrosiphoniella
jaroslaviholmani* - ANT III (of apt.) with much fewer than 50 secondary rhinaria …..63 63 ANT
PT/BASE 4.3-5.0. Dorsal abdominal hairs mostly arising from brown scleroites …..Macrosiphoniella oronensis* - ANT PT/BASE 3.2-4.25.
Scleroites at bases of dorsal abdominal hairs unpigmented or lightly
pigmented …..64 64 Anterior
abdominal tergites with distinct tubercles each bearing 1-2 hairs .….Macrosiphoniella arctica* - Abdominal tergites
without tubercles ..…65 65 SIPH 1.04-1.2 × cauda, which bears 11-13
hairs .….Macrosiphoniella subaequalis - SIPH 0.8-1.0 × cauda, which
bears 14-20 hairs ..…Macrosiphoniella usquertensis 66 R IV+V 1.3-1.5 × HT II ..…Macrosiphoniella sp. on A. apiacea, China - R IV+V 1.0-1.25 × HT II …..67
67 ANT III with 4-5 secondary rhinaria and
longest hairs 1.6-2.1 × BD III. Cauda with about 10 hairs ..…Macrosiphoniella sikkimartemisiae* - ANT III with 1-18 secondary
rhinaria and longest hairs less than 1.3 × BD III …..68 68 Cauda with 23-29 hairs ..…Macrosiphoniella kalimpongense* - Cauda with 10-22 hairs …..Macrosiphoniella szalaymarzoi (part) 69 Dorsal abdomen with a pattern
of dark sclerotisation anterior to SIPH, usually involving some dark spinal
and marginal sclerites that extend between hair-bases .….70 - Dorsal abdomen without a
pattern of dark sclerotisation anterior to SIPH (presiphuncular sclerites excepted),
although often there are separate or lightly pigmented scleroites at bases of
some of the hairs ..…74 70 ANT III with 14-64 small
secondary rhinaria (inner diameters not more than about 0.25 × BD III). R
IV+V 0.87-1.1 × HT II. SIPH 0.9-1.2 ×
cauda .....71 - ANT III with 2-13 secondary rhinaria of various
sizes, the largest with inner diameter 0.33-0.5 × BD III. If
SIPH less than 1.1 × cauda then R
IV+V 0.75-0.85 × HT II ..…72 71 ANT PT/BASE 3.0-3.5. SIPH short and thick,
0.13-0.16 × BL with reticulation on distal 0.48-0.60. Cauda with 12-18 hairs ..…Macrosiphoniella absinthii - ANT
PT/BASE 3.9-5.0. SIPH long, 0.16-0.21 × BL with reticulation on distal
0.36-0.52. Cauda with 19-28 hairs ..…Macrosiphoniella yomenae
72 SIPH 0.6-1.1 × cauda ..…Macrosiphoniella
atra group (incl. atrata,
nigropilosa) - SIPH 1.2-2.2 × cauda …..73 73 Dorsal
abdominal and femoral hairs with fine-pointed apices, 2.0-2.5 × BD III. SIPH
almost cylindrical, only slightly narrower at flange than at base (Fig.13i) ..…Macrosiphoniella
teriolana - Dorsal abdominal and
femoral hairs with blunt or slightly capitate apices, and maximally 1.5-1.8 ×
BD III. SIPH tapering, slightly swollen at base and with diameter at flange
only about half that at base (Fig.13j) ..…Macrosiphoniella dimidiata (or kirgisica*?) 74 Femora pale over at least half
of length .….75 - Femora mainly dusky or
dark, pale on basal 0.35 or less .….79 75 SIPH 0.9-1.25 × cauda
.….76 - SIPH 1.4-1.7 × cauda ..…78 76 ANT PT/BASE 2.1-2.6 .....Macrosiphoniella huaidensis - ANT PT/BASE 3.0-4.8
.....77 77 R
IV+V 0.7-0.8 × HT II. ANT III dark
except at base, with 8-20 rhinaria. Femora pale except at apices .....Macrosiphoniella nitida group - R IV+V 0.93-1.14 × HT II. ANT III mostly
pale, dark only towards apex, with 2-9 rhinaria. Femora dark on distal
0.4-0.5 of length .....Macrosiphoniella capillaricola 78 R
IV+V longer than HT II. ANT about 1.1 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE about 3.9 .….Macrosiphoniella lambersi (? – see
text) - R IV+V shorter than HT II. ANT about 1.4-1.5 × BL, with ANT/PT BASE
about 3.0-3.1 ..…Macrosiphoniella glabra 79 Dorsal
abdominal hairs mostly arising from papilliform tubercles .….Macrosiphoniella
tuberculatumartemisicola* - Dorsal abdominal hairs
sometimes arising from sclerotic and slightly raised cuticular areas, but not
from distinct tubercles …..80 80 Femora each with pale spot at apex (Fig.13k). SIPH
with reticulation only on distal 0.25-0.3 of length …..Macrosiphoniella umarovi - Femora without pale spot
at apex. SIPH with reticulation on distal 0.3-0.7 .….81 81 Dorsal abdominal hairs on ABD TERG 1-5
mostly arising from small dark scleroites. SIPH swollen on basal part .....82 - Dorsal abdominal hairs on
ABD TERG 1-5 not arising from scleroites (presiphuncular sclerites excepted),
or if cuticle around hair bases is sclerotic then it is only faintly
pigmented. SIPH not swollen on basal part …..84 82 R IV+V 1.2-1.4 × HT II. SIPH 1.0-1.5 ×
cauda …..Macrosiphoniella formosartemisiae - R IV+V 0.9-1.0 × HT II.
SIPH 0.7-0.9 × cauda …..83 83 ANT III with 3-5 rhinaria. Cauda with 13-16
hairs .....Macrosiphoniella gaoloushana - ANT III with 8-14
rhinaria. Cauda with 8-10 hairs
.....Macrosiphoniella
santolinifoliae 84 ANT III with 16-25 secondary
rhinaria extending over most of segment III ..…85 - ANT III with 1-32
secondary rhinaria, but if more than 15 then they are limited to basal half
of segment …..86 85 SIPH
shorter than (0.7-0.8 ×) cauda .….Macrosiphoniella mutellinae - SIPH longer than (1.3-1.5
×) cauda ..…Macrosiphoniella zeya 86 BL 3.2-4.1 mm. ANT PT 4.8-6.8 × R IV+V. Cauda with 27-44 hairs .….87 - BL 1.6-3.6 mm. ANT PT
2.4-5.0 × R IV+V. Cauda with 10-36 hairs .….88 87 R IV+V
0.7-0.9 × HT II. ANT almost
entirely jet black in mounted specimens, with only PT sometimes a little
paler .....Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria - R IV+V 1.0-1.3 × HT II. ANT mainly dark brown in mounted specimens ,
with base of ANT III and PT sometimes paler .....Macrosiphoniella sikhotealinensis* 88 ANT I-VI uniformly dusky-dark, concolorous with
head in cleared specimens. ANT PT 2.4-2.9 × R IV+V. SIPH short and thick,
about as thick as the constricted part of
cauda at midlength. Cauda with 14-25 hairs .….Macrosiphoniella hokkaidensis - ANT mainly dusky-dark, but
with paler basal section of ANT III, and sometimes ANT I and II also paler.
ANT PT 2.4-5.0 × R IV+V. SIPH narrower than cauda at midlength. Cauda with
10-36 hairs ..…89 89 SIPH
1.0-1.23 × cauda. ANT III with 1-8 (usually 2-4) secondary rhinaria ..…Macrosiphoniella
vallesiacae - SIPH 0.6-1.05 × cauda,
but if more than 0.95 × cauda then there are 4-15 secondary rhinaria (usually
6-8) on ANT III ..…90 90 R IV+V 0.7-0.85 × HT II. (but if more than 0.83 × HT II then ANT 1.25-1.65 × BL) .….91 - R IV+V 0.8-1.3 × HT II (if less than 0.9 × HT II then ANT 0.9-1.2 × BL) .....93 91 ABD TERG 8 with 8-11 hairs …..Macrosiphoniella sojaki - ABD TERG 8 with 4-7 hairs ..…92 92 R IV+V
with very acute apex (Fig. 13n); width
at level of most distal primary hairs is much less than BD III
..…Macrosiphoniella kaufmanni - R IV+V blunter at apex and thicker subapically (Fig.13o); width at
level of most distal primary hairs is similar to or only a little less than
BD III ..…Macrosiphoniella
chamaemelifoliae 93 BL 1.6-2.8 mm. SIPH broadest at base (Fig.13l), without
evident basal constriction. Cauda with 12-22 hairs .….Macrosiphoniella frigidivora - BL 2.0-3.6 mm. SIPH usually slightly swollen
on inner side near base so that there is a slight basal constriction (e.g.
Fig.13m). Cauda with 17-36 hairs .….94 94 ANT
PT 2.4-3.5 × R IV+V. R IV+V 1.0-1.2 × ANT BASE VI and 1.0-1.3 × HT II.
Subgenital plate with 2-8 (usually 4-6) hairs on anterior half .….Macrosiphoniella yomogifoliae - ANT PT 3.6-5.0 × R IV+V. R IV+V 0.67-1.0 × ANT BASE VI and
0.8-1.1 × HT II. Subgenital plate with
2-3 hairs on anterior half ..…Macrosiphoniella artemisiae [N.B. This key cannot be
applied to fundatrices, likely to be found in early spring populations.
Couplets 6-11 are based on Kadyrbekov (2006)] 1 SIPH very small, not or
hardly longer than their basal widths. Cauda triangular or helmet-shaped, not
longer than its basal width in dorsal view …..2 - SIPH tubular, much longer
than their basal widths. Cauda tongue- or finger- shaped, usually longer than
its basal width in dorsal view …..12 2 Hairs on anterior ABD
TERG as long as or longer than BD III. Tibiae with pale middle section .....3 - Hairs on anterior ABD TERG very small, much less than 0.5 × BD III.
Tibiae uniformly dark .....6 3 Tergum pale. Femora only
dark apically .....Microsiphoniella canadensis* - Tergum dark, sclerotic.
Femora mainly dark, only pale at bases .….4 4 Dorsal abdominal hairs thick, 2-3 × longer than BD III, with expanded
or fan-shaped apices ..…Microsiphoniella
oregonensis - Dorsal abdominal hairs
fine-pointed or blunt, spine-like, not more than 2 × longer than BD III …..5 5 ANT PT/BASE 4.7-6.3 (except
fundatrices). R IV+V 0.14-0.17 mm long, more than 2 × basal width .….Microsiphoniella artemisiae - ANT PT/BASE 3.1-4.5. R IV+V 0.12-0.14
mm long, not more than 2 × basal width .….Microsiphoniella acophorum 6 Hairs on front of head inconspicuous, 0.12-0.20 × basal diameter of
ANT III …..Microsiphum diversisetosum* - Hairs on front of head
equal to or longer than basal diameter of ANT III …..7 7 R IV+V 0.57-0.67 × HT II.
Cauda 0.70-0.76 × HT II. ANT BASE VI 1.1-1.8 × cauda, which is helmet-shaped
with tapered apex …..Microsiphum giganteum - R IV+V 0.70-0.95 × HT II.
Cauda 0.9-1.3 × HT II. ANT BASE VI 0.57-1.1 × cauda, which is triangular …..8 8 ANT III with (10-)15-43
secondary rhinaria, and IV with 0-7. (Al. with 30-48 rhinaria on ANT III, and
IV with 6-18)
…..9 - ANT III with 6-18
secondary rhinaria, and IV with 0-2. (Al. where known with fewer secondary
rhinaria)
…..10 9 ANT PT/BASE 4.7-6.2. R
IV+V 0.8-0.95 × HT II …..M. jazykovi s.str. - ANT PT/BASE 3.5-5.0. R
IV+V c.0.7 × HT II …..M. jazykovi ssp. wahlgreni 10 Hairs on front of head 1.7-2.0 × basal
diameter of ANT III. ANT III 1.35-1.45 × longer than ANT IV. ANT PT/BASE
3.5-4.4. Cauda 1.2-1.45 × R IV+V, and bearing 20-30 hairs. SIPH 0.6-0.87
× as long as their greatest width …..Microsiphum woronieckae - Hairs on front of head
1.3-1.6 × basal diameter of ANT III. ANT III with 1.0-1.15 × longer than ANT
IV. ANT PT/BASE 4.0-5.5. Cauda 0.9-1.2 × R IV+V, and bearing 14-20 hairs.
SIPH 1.07-1.4 × as long as their
greatest width …..11 11 ANT
PT/BASE 4.9-5.7. ANT III with 8-13 secondary rhinaria, and ANT IV with 0 …..Microsiphum procerae s. str. - ANT PT/BASE c.4.0. ANT III
with 12-15 secondary rhinaria, and ANT IV with 1-2 …..Microsiphum procerae ssp. subalpicum 12 Dorsal hairs either thick with fan- or
funnel-shaped apices, or long and mostly with expanded, or slightly to
moderately capitate, apices ..…13 - Dorsal hairs (or at least
those on anterior abdominal segments) all short and blunt, or if rather long
then with pointed apices ..…37 13 ANT
III (of apt.) without any secondary rhinaria. Accessory hairs on basal part
of R IV+V similar in length to more distal ones. SIPH 3.3-5.2 × cauda …..Capitophorus formosartemisiae - ANT III (of apt.) almost
always with at least one secondary rhinarium near base. R IV+V usually with a
pair of particularly long and rather thick basal accessory hairs (e.g. Fig.14a). SIPH
0.28-4.2 × cauda .….14 14 SIPH 0.28-0.72 × cauda ..…15 - SIPH 0.74-4.2 × cauda …..19 15 ANT PT/BASE 5.6-7.6 ..…Pleotrichophorus brevinectarius - ANT PT/BASE 3.1-5.4 ..…16 16 R IV+V tapering from base to apex, without
an extended needle-like tip. Antennae clearly longer than BL, with ANT
PT/BASE 4.2-5.4 .….Pleotrichophorus filifoliae* - R IV+V with the distal part
of RV extended as a needle-like, cylindrical tip (most evident in
dorsoventral aspect; Fig.14a).
Antennae either longer or shorter than BL, with ANT PT/BASE 3.1-5.3 …..17 17 Legs entirely dusky to dark.
Hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 fan-shaped distally but with at least the basal half
forming a cylindrical stem .….Pleotrichophorus obscuratus - Legs pale except for
apices of tibiae and tarsi. Hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 short, fan-shaped from
base, usually without any cylindrical stem .....18 18 SIPH, cauda and subgenital plate pale.
Dorsal abdomen without sclerotic cross-bands. R IV+V longer than HT II, which
is 0.07-0.12 mm long .....Pleotrichophorus infrequenus - SIPH, cauda and subgenital plate dusky or dark. Dorsal abdomen with
sclerotic cross-bands, dark at least on posterior tergites. R IV+V shorter
than HT II, which is 0.14-0.17 mm long .….Pleotrichophorus
tuberculatus* 19 SIPH mainly or entirely dark …..20 - SIPH pale or dusky, sometimes
darker on distal half ..…23 20 BL
2.4-3.0 mm. SIPH 3.0-3.75 × cauda
and bearing 2-12 long slightly capitate hairs on basal half (Fig.14b). Dorsal
body hairs rather sparse and all long and only slightly capitate …..Pleotrichophorus longipes - BL 1.3-2.0 mm. SIPH
0.77-3.3 × cauda and without hairs. Dorsal body hairs dense, with fan-shaped
or distinctly capitate apices …..21 21 SIPH 3.0-3.3 × cauda, which is unpigmented …..Pleotrichophorus artemisicola* - SIPH 0.77-2.2 × cauda
which is dusky or dark …..22 22 SIPH 0.77-1.57 × cauda, which is 0.22-0.33
mm long and has a distinct constriction at about one third from base (Fig. 14c) ..…Pleotrichophorus quadritrichus - SIPH 1.17-2.50 × cauda,
which is 0.14-0.23 mm long and tapering, without any constriction (Fig. 14d)
…..Pleotrichophorus pullus 23 Hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 all or mostly with
distinct, more-or-less cylindrical rod-like stems, broadening distally into
fan-shaped or capitate apices (Fig.14e) …..24 - Hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 mostly cone- or fan-shaped, broadening from base
(Fig.14f) ..…27 24 SIPH 1.5-2.5 (-2.8) × cauda ..…25 - SIPH 2.6-4.2 × cauda ..…26 25 ABD TERG 8 with 18 or more hairs ..…Pleotrichophorus knowltoni* - ABD TERG 8 with 6-13
hairs ..… Pleotrichophorus glandulosus group 26 SIPH 0.9-1.1 mm long, 3.6-4.2 × cauda ..…Pleotrichophorus narzikulovi* - SIPH 0.6-0.8 mm long,
2.6-3.3 × cauda .….Pleotrichophorus persimilis 27 SIPH 0.74-2.0 × cauda .....28 - SIPH 2.05-4.0 × cauda ..…33 28 Hairs on antennae with pointed apices, the longest
ones on ANT III being as long as or longer than BD III. Hairs on front of
head varying greatly, from long and pointed to short and cone-shaped (Fig.14g) ..…Pleotrichophorus heterohirsutus - Hairs on antennae very
short, less than 0.5 × BD III, with blunt or expanded apices. Hairs on front
of head all cone-shaped or with expanded apices (Fig.14h-k) .….29 29 R IV+V with the distal part of
RV extended as a needle-like, cylindrical tip (most evident in dorsoventral
aspect; as in Fig.14a) .....30 - R IV+V tapering from base
to apex ..…32 30 SIPH 0.74-1.0 × cauda which bears 5-8 hairs
(usually 2-4 dorsal). R IV+V short, broad-based, 0.11-0.12 mm long, 0.83-1.05
× HT II …..Pleotrichophorus spatulavillus - SIPH 0.8-1.6 × cauda which bears 5 hairs (1 dorsal). R IV+V 0.12-0.16
mm long, 1.0-1.45 × HT II …..31 31 Anterior hairs on dorsal
surface of head mostly with broadly expanded apices, like those more
posterior (Fig.14h). Head and appendages very pale .….Pleotrichophorus gnaphalodes - Anterior hairs on dorsal surface of head longer and with narrower
apices than those more posterior (Fig.14i). Head, ANT I-II, SIPH and basal
leg segments dusky or faintly sclerotic ..…Pleotrichophorus
quadritrichus ssp. pallidus* 32 SIPH 0.18-0.33 mm long, 0.8-1.2 × cauda …..Pleotrichophorus parilis - SIPH 0.41-0.52 mm long,
1.5-2.0 × cauda …..Pleotrichophorus diutius 33 ANT
PT/BASE 3.6-4.2. R IV+V 0.85-0.95 × HT II …..Pleotrichophorus
sp. on Seriphidium tridentata,
Oregon, BMNH collection - ANT PT/BASE 4.7-7.5. R IV+V usually either less than 0.85 or more than
0.95 × HT II …..34 |