Anisopappus africanus = A.
chinensis ssp. africanus
A.chinensis
ssp. africanus
Aphis gossypii, spiraecola; Aulacorthum
solani;
Macrosiphum
euphorbiae; Micromyzella anisopappi;
Myzus
ornatus; Sitobion hirsutirostris;
Uroleucon
compositae
Key to aphids on Anisopappus:-
1
SIPH black and much longer than the distance between
their bases; cauda long, thin and pale. (Additional diagnostic characters:
ANT III-VI wholly dark, R IV+V with 9-12 accessory hairs, subapical polygonal
reticulation of SIPH consisting of just 3-5 rows of cells, extending less
than 0.1 of SIPH)
…..Sitobion hirsutirostris
–
SIPH
pale or dark, but if wholly dark and longer than the distance between their
bases then cauda is also black
…..2
2
SIPH pale with black tips, cauda dusky to black.
(Additional diagnostic characters: head, ANT I-III and femora densely
ornamented with nodulose imbrication, ANT PT/BASE 5.0-5.9, and almost all
hairs on both dorsal and ventral surfaces of body and appendages very short
and blunt)
…..Micromyzella anisopappi
–
SIPH pale or dark, but if pale with black
tips then cauda is also pale
Cauda helmet-shaped, no longer than its basal width
in dorsal view. ANT tubercles undeveloped, spiracular apertures large and
rounded
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
Cauda longer than its basal width in dorsal view.
ANT tubercles well developed, spiracles reniform
…..2
2
Dorsal hairs with broadly expanded apices,
funnel-shaped. R IV+V stilletto-shaped, with concave sides, SIPH pale,
without distal polygonal reticulation
…..Pleotrichophorus antennarius
–
Dorsal hairs with blunt or pointed apices. R IV+V
with straight or slightly convex sides. SIPH mostly or entirely dark, with
polygonal reticulation over distal 23-37%
…..3
3
R IV +Vmore than 1.5 × HT II
…..Uroleucon russellae
–
R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II
…..4
4
SIPH entirely dark, 1.4-1.6 × cauda which bears15-29 hairs
…..Uroleucon pseudambrosiae
–
SIPH pale at base, 1.8-2.4 × cauda, which bears6-10
hairs
Myzus
ornatus; Protaphis anthemidis; Trama troglodytes;
Uroleucon jaceae, siculum
A.
tomentosa
Aphis
craccivora; Myzus persicae
Anthemis sp.
Protaphis anthemiae; Smynthurodes betae
Key to aphids on Anthemis (and Chamaemelum):-
1
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 0.7
…..4
2
HT II very elongate, more than 0.5 of length of
hind tibia
…..Trama
troglodytes
–
HT II of normal length
…..3
3
Body and appendages sparsely hairy. Wax pore
plates present on ABD TERG 3-7. ANT II much shorter than ANT III or IV. R
IV+V 0.45-0.7 × HT II
…..Pemphigus
bursarius
–
Body and appendages with numerous fine hairs. Wax
pore plates absent. ANT II longer than IV, as long as or longer than III, R
IV+V 0.9-1.2 × HT II
…..Smynthurodes
betae
4
Marginal tubercles (MTu) absent or present, but
if present they are usually only on ABD TERG 2-4 (-5) and only rarely on ABD
TERG 1 or 7
…..5
–
MTu always present at least on ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..17
5
Cauda helmet-shaped, constricted at base and not
longer than its basal width. SIPH with a subapical annular incision.
Spiracular apertures large and rounded
…..6
–
Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, not constricted
at base, longer than its basal width. SIPH without a subapical annular
incision. Spiracular apertures reniform
…..8
6
Dorsum without dark markings. Mesosternum
without mammariform processes. R IV+V 0.10-0.15 mm, 1.1-1.5 × HT II. SIPH
pale, smooth, 0.8-2.0 × cauda
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
Dorsum with an extensive black shield.
Mesosternum with a pair of dark mammariform processes. R IV+V 0.17-0.24 mm,
1.4-2.0 × HT II. SIPH dark, imbricated, 1.7-3.4 × cauda
…..7
7
Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 30-61 µm long. Longest
hairs on hind femur 10-25µm long
…..Brachycaudus lateralis
–
Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are at least 70µm long.
Longest hairs on hind femur more than 25µm long
…..Brachycaudus
cardui
8
Dorsal hairs numerous and long, arising
from tuberculate bases, and with bulbous or fan-shaped apices
…..Pleotrichophorus glandulosus
–
Dorsal hairs short or long, but if long then with
pointed apices
…..9
9
SIPH pale at least over most of length,
sometimes dusky or dark apically, and if with subapical polygonal
reticulation then this is confined to distal 0.2 or less of length
SIPH dusky or dark over at least half of length,
with polygonal reticulation always present and often extending over more than
distal 0.2
…..10
10
SIPH shorter than or as short as (0.6-1.0 ×)
cauda
…..11
–
SIPH
longer than (1.1-2.9 ×) cauda
…..14
11
R IV+V 1.0-1.2 × HT II
…..12
–
R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II
…..13
12
All dorsal abdominal hairs arising from
conspicuous large dark scleroites. ANT PT/BASE 3.7-4.3. SIPH with
reticulation over distal 0.50-0.63 of length. Cauda with 24-30 hairs
…..Macrosiphoniella
millefolii
–
Dorsal abdominal hairs mostly arising from small
scleroites, only large on ABD TERG 6-8. ANT PT /BASE 4.6-5.7. SIPH with
reticulation over 0.63-0.81 of length. Cauda with 12-20 hairs
…..Macrosiphoniella
sanborni
13
Antennae, tibiae and SIPH almost completely
black. ANT III with 12-28 rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 2.9-3.5
…..Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria
–
Basal half of ANT III pale, tibiae pale in
middle, and SIPH dusky. ANT III with 3-12 rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 3.1-4.0
.….Macrosiphoniella
abrotani
14
SIPH wholly dark, 1.1-1.3 × cauda and 0.16-0.24 ×
BL. Dorsal abdomen with paired dark spinal sclerites, each bearing 2-3 hairs
……Macrosiphoniella
silvestrii
–
SIPH pale or dark, 1.3-2.3 × cauda and 0.24-0.36
× BL. Dorsal abdomen without paired spinal sclerites; if with small dark
scleroites then these are mostly not fused between hair-bases
…..15
15
Cauda pale.SIPH often pale basally. Antennae and tibiae also pale except at apices.
First tarsal segments with 3 hairs (a sense peg and a pair of lateral hairs);
rarely with one additional lateral hair
…..Macrosiphoniella
tapuskae
–
Cauda, SIPH
and antennae black, and tibiae mainly dark. First tarsal segments with 5
hairs (sense peg plus 2 lateral pairs); rarely with only 4 hairs
…..16
16
SIPH 0.29-0.36 × BL. Cauda with 13-19 hairs. ANT III with 11-25
secondary rhinaria
…..Uroleucon
siculum
–
SIPH 0.24-0.30 × BL. Cauda with 19-28
hairs. ANT III with 16-54 secondary rhinaria
…..Uroleucon
jaceae
17
ANT
5-segmented. SIPH very short, pale or dusky and flangeless, 0.5-1.0 × cauda
…..Aphis oligommata
–
ANT 6-segmented, except in small summer
“dwarfs”. SIPH dark, with an evident flange, 0.5-2.1 × cauda
…..18
18
ANT PT/BASE 0.8-1.5. SIPH shorter than R IV+V
…..19
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.4-6.0. SIPH longer than R IV+V
…..20
19
ANT PT/BASE 0.8-1.0
…..Protaphis
anthemiae
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.3-1.5
…..Protaphis
anthemidis
20
ANT PT/BASE 3.9-6.0. SIPH 1.9-2.6 × cauda, which is black,
rather pointed, and bears c.10 adpressed hairs that are difficult to count.
ABD TERG 1-4 and 7 regularly with large MTu
…..Aphis vandergooti
–
ANT
PT/BASE 1.4-4.0. Cauda rounded
apically or a little shorter than
SIPH, with outstanding hairs. ABD TERG 2-4 only sporadically with MTu
ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting
beyond middle part of front of head in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 always
with marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..2
–
Antennal tubercles well developed, with inner
faces steep-sided, approximately parallel or apically convergent. No MTu on
ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..3
2
All dorsal hairs very short and blunt, even those
on front of head and ABD TERG 8 being less than 0.5 × ANT BD III
…..Aphis antherici
–
Dorsal hairs longer; those on head and ABD
TERG 8 are 1-5 × longer than ANT BD I
.….Aphis fabae
3
Dorsum with extensive dark sclerotisation,
including a large dark sclerite extending across ABD TERG 2-4, often broken
in the midline but joined laterally to
the marginal sclerites
…..Aulacorthum
speyeri
–
Dorsal abdomen with or without dark
markings; if present and maximally developed these consist of segmentally
discrete patches or transverse bars not united with marginal sclerites
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Wax glands present on
abdomen
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 0.6 (usually much more than
1). No evident wax glands
…..3
2
SIPH present as pores ringed by hairs
…..Eriosoma auratum
–
SIPH absent
…..Pemphigus spp.
3
ABD TERG 8 with a wart-like or finger-like
medial process, bearing 2 hairs
…..Cavariella spp. (use couplets 2-14 of
key to apterae on Angelica)
–
ABD TERG 8 without a
medial hair-bearing process
…..4
4
SIPH very small and thin, about 0.5 × cauda
…..Semiaphis anthrisci
–
SIPH at least 0.8 × cauda
…..5
5
ANT tubercles undeveloped or weakly developed,
not projecting beyond middle of frons in dorsal view. SIPH and cauda dark
…..6
–
ANT tubercles well developed. SIPH and cauda
mainly or entirely pale
…..13
6
SIPH swollen on distal half and 0.9-1.4 × the
tongue-shaped cauda, which bears 6-10 (usually 7) hairs
…..Hyadaphis foeniculi
–
SIPH tapering from base to flange, 0.8- 2.4 × cauda
…..7
7
Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal
width in dorsal view, and with 5-9 hairs
…..8
–
Cauda tongue-shaped, clearly longer than
its basal width in dorsal view, and with 11-31 hairs
…..12
8
Dorsal hairs long and fine; longest hairs
on ANT III 2.5-3.7 × BD III. SIPH 1.1-1.75 × cauda
…..Dysaphis
hirsutissima
–
Dorsal hairs blunt or more abruptly pointed;
longest hairs on ANT III 0.7-2.2 × BD III. SIPH 1.7-3.0 × cauda
…..9
9
Spinal tubercles (STu) present on head and ABD
TERG 1-2 as well as 7-8, and sometimes also on pronotum and ABD TERG 3 and 4.
Longest hairs on ANT III 16-42 μm, 0.7-1.6 (-2.0) × BD III. ABD TERG 8
with 4-6 hairs
…..Dysaphis tschildarensis ssp. tuberculata*
–
STu present
on head and ABD TERG 7-8, never on 2-3, rarely on pronotum and ABD TERG 6.
Longest hairs on ANT III 31-62 μm, 1.5-2.2 × BD III. ABD TERG 8 with
4-10 hairs
…..10
10
Longest hairs on ANT III and ABD TERG 3 are 7-18
μm. Pronotum without pleural hairs at posterior margin. Genital plate
with 14-22 hairs
…..Dysaphis crataegi
–
Longest hairs on ANT III and ABD TERG 3 are 31-62
μm. Pronotum with a pair of pleural hairs at posterior margin. Genital
plate with 23-40 hairs
…..11
11
SIPH 0.20-0.28 mm, 3.2-4.8 × their width at
midlength and 1.7-2.4 × cauda. Degree of sclerotisation of dorsal abdomen
variable, but usually not extensive on ABD TERG 1-4, with transverse bars
only on more posterior tergites
…..Dysaphis anthrisci
–
SIPH 0.21-0.37 mm, 4.5-6.2 × their width at
midlength and 2.6-3.0 × cauda. Dorsal scleroti- sation of abdomen variable,
but usually with sclerites coalesced into incomplete transverse bars, or a
perforated shield, on ABD TERG (3-)4-5
…..Dysaphis anthrisci majkopica
12
Caudawith
11-24 hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 2-5(-7) hairs. ABD TERG 2-6 bearing a total of
0-3 small MTu
…..Aphis fabae
–
Cauda with 20-31 hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 5-12
hairs.ABD TERG 2-6 bearing a total of 5-9 often rather large MTu
…..Aphis
brohmeri
13
Dorsum with a pattern of dark intersegmental
ornamentation. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.8
…..Myzus ornatus
–
Dorsum without any dark ornamentation. ANT
PT/BASE 3.0-7.6
…..14
14
SIPH weakly clavate. Inner faces of ANT
tubercles convergent. No rhinaria on ANT II
..…Myzus persicae
–
SIPH cylindrical or tapering. Inner faces of ANT
tubercles parallel or divergent. ANT III with 1-14 rhinaria on basal half
.….15
15
Cuticle of head densely spiculose. ANT tubercles
steep-sided, parallel or apically convergent. ANT III with (0-)1-2(-4)
rhinaria near base. SIPH 0.20-0.25 × BL, without any subapical reticulation
…..16
–
Cuticle of head without or with only sparse,
minute spicules. Inner faces of ANT tubercles divergent. ANT III with 1-14
rhinaria near base. SIPH 0.25-0.37 × BL, with a subapical zone of
reticulation
…..17
16
Dorsum with a large U-shaped black patch,
and broad dark cross-bars on thorax. SIPH 0.7-1.1 × head width across (and
including) eyes. (Immatures with spiculose hind tibiae)
…..Neomyzus circumflexus
–
Dorsum pale or without any well-defined dark
markings. SIPH 1.0-1.35 × head width across eyes. (Immatures with smooth hind
tibiae)
…..Aulacorthum solani
17
Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 38-63 µm, 0.6-1.4 ×
basal diameter of ANT III. Anterior half of subgenital plate usually (77%)
with only 2 hairs (18% with 3, 5% with 4-6 hairs)
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 66-106 µm,
1.4-2.0 × basal diameter of ANT III. Anterior half of subgenital plate with
2-11 hairs, usually (77%) with 4-8 hairs
Anthyllis biebersteiniana
= A. vulneraria ssp. pulchella
A.
cytisoides
Acyrthosiphon
loti; Aphis brunnea, craccivora;
Therioaphis
litoralis
A.
hamosa
Aphis
craccivora
A. hermanniae
Acyrthosiphon caraganae,
parvum
A.
lotoides
Aphis
craccivora
A.
macrocephala = A. vulneraria ssp. polyphylla
A.
sampaiana = A. vulneraria ssp. pyrenaica
A.
tetraphylla = Tripodion tetraphyllum
A.
vulneraria (incl.
sspp.
Acyrthosiphon loti;
dilenii, polyphylla, pulchella
Aphis
craccivora, klimeschi, loti, [medicaginis];
pyrenaica)
[Protaphis
anthemidis], Therioaphis litoralis
Anthyllis sp.
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Key to apterae on Anthyllis:-
1
Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed. SIPH truncate. ANT III with 5-11 transversely elongate oval rhinaria. Abdomen with paired spinal and marginal conical hair-bearing processes
…..Therioaphis litoralis
–
Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, anal plate
entire. SIPH not truncate. ANT III with any rhinaria subcircular. Abdomen
without conical hair-bearing processes
…..2
2
Broadly oval aphids with dorsal abdominal sclerotisation.
ANT tubercles poorly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles
(MTu)
…..3
–
Spindle-shaped, pale aphids. ANT tubercles well
developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu
…..6
3
R IV+V bearing 2-6 (usually 4-5) accessory hairs.
ABD TERG 1-4 and 7, and sometimes also 5 and 6, with MTu
…..Aphis brunnea
–
R IV+V always with 2 accessory hairs. MTu only
consistently present on ABD TERG 1 and 7, present or absent on ABD TERG 2-4,
rarely on 5 and 6
…..4
4
R IV+V 1.17-1.44 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen with broad dark segmental
bands partly fused across segments, but not forming a solid shield. ABD TERG
2-4 often with MTu
…..Aphis klimeschi
–
R IV+V 0.82-1.18 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen with a
solid black shield extending over tergites 1-6. ABD TERG 2-4 rarely with MTu
…..5
5
Cauda finger-like, parallel-sided for much of
length, nearly 2 × longer than its basal width, 0.13-0.18 × BL, and bearing
6-11 hairs. SIPH 0.78-1.53 × cauda. (Al. with 0-2 rhinaria on ANT IV)
…..Aphis loti
–
Cauda with distal part tapering, about 1.5 ×
longer than its basal width, 0.09-0.13 × BL, and bearing 4-9 hairs. SIPH
1.17-2.18 × cauda. (Al. never with rhinaria on ANT IV)
…..Aphis craccivora
6
SIPH with distal part attenuate, narrower than
hind tibia at midlength. Cauda with 7-23 hairs. ANT I with 9-23 hairs
…..Acyrthosiphon pisum
–
SIPH tapering from base to flange, at middle as
wide as or wider than hind tibia at midlength. Cauda with 6-10 hairs. ANT I
with 5-11 hairs
ABD TERG 8 with a posteriorly projecting process
above cauda
…..3
–
No supracaudal process
…..8
3
ANT PT/BASE 0.64-1.3
….4
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.4-4.0
…..5
4
R IV+V 1.05-1.2 × HT II. SIPH thick, with maximum
width of swollen part more than 0.2 of length (Fig.10a)
…..Cavariella salicicola
–
R IV+V 0.7-0.95 × HT II. SIPH with maximum width
of swollen part less than 0.2 of length (Fig.10b)
.….Cavariella aegopodii
5
SIPH tapering, with no trace of swelling
…..Cavariella theobaldi
–
SIPH
swollen on distal half
…..6
6
ANT PT/BASE 3.0-4.0
…..Cavariella pastinacae
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.4-2.0
…..7
7
SIPH
0.98-1.1 × head width across (and including) eyes, and 6.7-8.7
× maximum width of swollen part (Fig. 10c). Length
of supracaudal process at least 1.6 × maximum width of swollen part of SIPH
(Fig. 10f). (Al. with a complete black band on ABD TERG 6)
…..Cavariella
archangelicae
–
SIPH 0.8-1.01 (-1.07) × head width across
eyes, and 5.0-7.3 × maximum width of swollen part
(Fig. 10d). Length of supracaudal process less than 1.5 × maximum width of swollen
part of SIPH.(Fig.10g) (Al. with a pair of roundish dark marks on ABD TERG 6)
…..Cavariella
konoi
8
Cauda short and broad, not clearly longer than
its basal width in dorsal view
…..9
–
Cauda clearly longer than its basal width
…..15
9
ANT 5-segmented, with very long hairs; the
longest on ANT III are more than 3 × BD III. Dorsum ornamented with a pattern
of bead-like spicules
…..Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale
–
ANT 6-segmented, rarely 5-segmented, with shorter
hairs. Dorsal cuticle without a pattern of bead-like spicules
…..10
10
Cauda broadly
tongue-shaped in dorsal view, not constricted at base, with more than 10
hairs
…..11
–
Cauda helmet-shaped or pentagonal,
constricted at base and bearing 4-6 hairs
…..12
11
SIPH more than 3.5 × their basal width. Large
flat marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 2-5 as well as 1 and 7
…..Aphis sambuci
–
SIPH less than 3.5 × their basal width. MTu usually only on ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..Protaphis middletonii
12
SIPH pale, smooth, conical, with an annular
incision proximal to the flange. Spinal tubercles (STu) absent. Spiracular
apertures rounded
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
SIPH dark, imbricated, with no annular
subapical incision. STu present on head and ABD TERG 8 or 7-8. Spiracular apertures reniform
…..13
13
SIPH
short and broad-based, 1.6-2.3 × longer than their basal widths, and 2.5-5.0 × longer than the long and fine
hairs on front of head
…..Dysaphis foeniculus
–
SIPH 2.5-3.5 times longer than their basal width,
and 12-25 × longer than the short, blunt and inconspicuous hairs on front of
head
…..14
14
Posterior hair on hind
trochanter0.24-0.56 (rarely more
than 0.5) × length of trochantro-femoral suture. Longest hair on ABD TERG 8
is 11-38 μm, rarely longer than 30 μm. ABD TERG 7 often with a pair
of marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..Dysaphis apiifolia
–
Posterior hair on hind trochanter0.42-1.00 (rarely less than 0.5) × length of trochantro-femoral suture.
Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 25-80 μm, rarely shorter than 30 μm.
ABD TERG 7 rarely with MTu
…..Dysaphis crataegi
15
SIPH less than 0.55 × cauda
…..16
–
SIPH at least 0.6 × cauda
…..18
16
SIPH as short black truncate cones. Cauda long,
black and finger-like, with a midway constriction, and bearing 14-15 hairs
…..Brachysiphoniella apiaca*
–
SIPH
very small and flangeless, with aperture slanted towards midline. Cauda
tongue-shaped, with 5-7 hairs
…..17
17
Hairs very short;
posterior hair on hind trochanter rarely exceeding 20μm, less than 0.5 ×
diameter of trochantro-femoral suture
…..Semiaphis dauci
–
Posterior hair on hind
femur up to 60 μm long, more than 0.5 × diameter of the
trochantro-femoral suture
…..Semiaphis heraclei
18
SIPH black, tapering from base to flange
…..19
–
SIPH pale or dusky and tapering or
clavate, or black and clavate
…..22
19
ANT III 0.25-0.63 mm long, 1.0-2.0 × PT and
2.0-5.0 × R IV+V. ABD TERG 8 with 2-11 hairs, HT I with 3 hairs. (ANT III of
al.with 15-40 rhinaria)
…..Aphis asclepiadis
–
ANT III 0.12-0.36 mm long, usually 0.65-1.0 × PT,
but up to 1.3 × in small specimens (i.e., those with PT less than 0.27 mm
long), and 1.3-3.0 × R IV+V (1.3-2.6 × R IV+V except
in large specimens). ABD TERG 8 with 2-7 hairs, HT I with only 2 hairs. (ANT
III of al.with 3-23, but rarely more than 15, rhinaria)
…..20
20
ANT III 0.9-1.2 × cauda, which is black, slightly constricted about its midlength, and bears 6-15 (usually 9-11) hairs. Dorsal abdomen without any dark markings
…..Aphis spiraecola
–
ANT III 1.2-1.9 × cauda, which is pale or dark
and usually has less than 9 or more than 11 hairs. Dorsal abdomen with or without dark
markings
…..21
21
Dorsal abdomen with dark markings. Cauda black and bearing 11-24 hairs. Femora
with many long hairs
…..Aphis fabae
–
Dorsal abdomen without
dark markings. Cauda pale or dusky,
bearing 4-7 hairs. Femoral hairs mostly short
…..Aphis gossypii
22
SIPH
0.6-1.4 × cauda, cylindrical over most of length and slightly swollen
distally, with a constriction proximal to the flange
…..23
–
SIPH
tapering, cylindrical or clavate; if swollen distally then more than 1.5 ×
cauda
Eyes 3-facetted. SIPH as pores or small cones
with sclerotic rims
…..2
–
Eyes multifacetted. SIPH tubular
…..4
2
No frontal horns.Head and prothorax not fused.SIPH as small cones.
Body hairs numerous
…..Tetraneura utpali
–
Head with a pair of frontal horns projecting
forward between the antennae. Head and prothorax fused. SIPH as raised pores
with sclerotised rims. Body hairs sparse
…..3
3
Dorsal abdomen with large paired groups of spinal
as well as marginal wax glands. Frontal horns shorter than ANT I
…..Ceratovacuna perglandulosa
–
Dorsal abdomen with only marginal wax gland
groups. Frontal horns longer than ANT I
…..Ceratovacuna nekoashi
4
Dorsum with a dark shield extending over the whole of
ABD TERG 1-7. Femora pale, cauda
brownish
…..Myzus obtusirostris
–
Dorsum unpigmented. Femora dark, cauda very pale …..Hysteroneura setariae
(If this key does not provide a satisfactory
answer, try the general key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids underDigitaria.)
ANT tubercles weakly developed, not or hardly
projecting forward beyond middle of head in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7
with MTu. SIPH entirely dark
…..4
4
Stridulatory apparatus present (sclerotic ridges
on ABD sternites 5 and 6 and a row of short, peg-like hairs on each hind
tibia)
…..Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii
–
No stridulatory apparatus
…..5
5
ANT III with 1-6 and IV with 0-2 rhinaria.
SIPH 0.7-0.9 × R IV+V. ANT PT/BASE
1.3-1.7
…..Protaphis middletonii
–
ANT III and IV normally without rhinaria. SIPH 1.0-3.9 × R IV+V. ANT PT/BASE 1.35-4.7
…..6
6
Hind tibia mainly pale, with length of longest
hairs on middle part only about 0.7 of width of tibia at midlength
…..7
–
Hind tibia pale or dark, with length of longest
hairs on middle part equal to or greater than its width at midlength or, if a
little shorter, then hind tibia is mainly dark
…..9
7
R IV+V 1.2-1.5 × HT II. Cauda with 16-22
hairs. ABD TERG 8 with c.6 hairs
…..Aphis sywangi
–
R IV+V 0.8-1.1 × HT II. Cauda with 6-13 hairs. ABD
TERG 8 with 2 (-4) hairs
…..8
8
Cauda with 8-13 hairs. R IV+V 0.83-0.95 × HT II
…..Aphis apocynicola
–
Cauda with 5-6 hairs. R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II
…..Aphis poacyni
9
Hind tibiae mainly dark. ANT PT/BASE
3.4-4.7. R IV+V 1.25-1.6 × HT II. SIPH 1.7-2.7 × cauda
…..Aphis nerii
–
Hind tibiae pale for more than half of length.
ANT PT/BASE 1.4-3.5. R IV+V 0.85-1.24
× HT II. SIPH 0.7-1.8 × cauda
…..10
10
ABD TERG 8 with 2 hairs (rarely with 3). ANT III
0.65-1.0 × SIPH. Dorsal abdomen without any dark markings. Cauda with a
slight constriction
…..Aphis spiraecola
–
ABD TERG 8 with 2-11 hairs (usually 4-6). ANT III
0.95-1.9 × SIPH. Dorsal abdomen with or without dark markings. Cauda without
any constriction
…..11
11
ANT III 0.65-1.01 × PT, 1.1-1.6 × cauda and
0.95-1.35 × SIPH. Dorsal abdomen usually with some dark markings anterior to
SIPH (in addition to dark intersegmental muscle sclerites)
…..Aphis fabae
–
ANT III 1.05-1.95 × PT, 1.55-2.2 × cauda and 1.2-1.9 × SIPH. Dorsal abdomen usually without any dark markings anterior to SIPH (except for dark intersegmental muscle sclerites)
SIPH entirely black and moderately clavate;
swollen to about 1.4-1.5 × their minimum width. Abdominal marginal sclerites
domed, each bearing 2-4 hairs 35-50 μm long with slightly capitate
apices (Fig. 11a)
…..Megourina lagacei
–
SIPH if entirely black then not swollen to about
1.4-1.5 × their minimum width. Abdominal marginal sclerites not domed, and
not bearing capitate hairs
…..2
2
SIPH slightly swollen on distal half, but with a
narrower, reticulated subapical section (a few large closed polygonal cells).
R IV+V 1.3-1.5 × HT II and bearing 14-16 accessory hairs. First tarsal
segments with 5 hairs
…..Illinoia corylina
–
SIPH with or without swelling on distal half, but if with subapical reticulation then R IV+V is relatively much
shorter and bears fewer hairs, and first tarsal segments have 3 hairs
…..3
3
ANT
III distinctly longer than ANT IV+V together. First tarsal segments with 5-6
hairs (1-2 median sense pegs and 2 pairs of longer, lateral hairs). ANT PT/BASE 1.0-2.3
…..4
–
ANT
III shorter than ANT IV+V together. First tarsal segments with 2-4 hairs
(usually 0-1 median sense pegs and 1 pair of laterals). ANT PT/BASE 1.8-6.5
…..5
4.
SIPH very short, conical, 0.25 –0.3 × cauda which is very long and finger-like and bears 14-20 hairs (Fig.11b). ANT PT/BASE 1.0-1.3
…..Longicaudus trirhodus
–
SIPH
cylindrical, 1.24-1.71 × cauda which is tongue-shaped with a pointed apex and
bears 6-13 hairs (Fig.11c). ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.3
…..Longicaudus naumanni
5
ANT
III with 6-37 rhinaria, and SIPH without any subapical polygonal
reticulation. R IV with 13-23 accessory hairs
…..6
–
ANT
III usually with 0-4 rhinaria near base; if with up to 10 rhinaria then SIPH
have subapical polygonal reticulation. R IV with 4-10 accessory hairs
R IV+V
0.9-1.0 × HT II. SIPH 2.5-3.4 × cauda. Dorsal body surface almost wholly
sclerotized
…..Nasonovia
heiei
–
R
IV+V 1.2-2.2 × HT II. SIPH 1.1-2.1 × cauda. Dorsal body with variable dark sclerotisation,
sometimes extensive on dorsal abdomen, but not on head and thorax (except in
alatiform apterae)
…..7
7
SIPH 0.19-0.22 × BL.
Dorsal sclerotic pattern consisting of pairs of pale brown spinal, pleural
and marginal spots on each segment. Antennae and femora mainly dark brown
…..Nasonovia
werderi
–
SIPH 0.11-0.17 × BL.
Dorsal sclerotisation very variable but never as separate paired spots;
sometimes with a black shield covering ABD TERG 2-5 (or 2-6). Antennae and
femora mainly pale
Key to aphids on Arabis (also including Arabidopsis, Boechera and Turritis:-
1
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH absent. Abdomen with
wax glands on ABD TERG 3-7 (usually 4 glands on each of ABD TERG 3-6 and 2 on
7)
…..Pemphigus populitransversus
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 0.5. SIPH present, tubular.
Abdomen without wax glands
…..2
2
Dorsal hairs with fan-shaped apices, and mostly
arising from tubercular bases
…..Tauricaphis arabisi
–
Dorsal hairs with pointed, blunt or slightly
expanded apices, without tubercular bases
.….3
3
R IV+V 1.5-2.2 × SIPH. SIPH 0.035-0.057 × BL and
0.6-0.8 × cauda. R IV+V 1.1-1.5 × HT II
…..Pseudobrevicoryne leclanti
–
R IV+V 0.15-1.2 × SIPH. SIPH 0.052-0.4 × BL and
0.7-2.4 × cauda (if less than 1.0 × cauda then R IV+V 0.55-0.75 × HT II)
…..4
4
ANT III
2.1-3.7 × the short and somewhat barrel-shaped SIPH. Cauda broadly
triangular, not longer than its basal width. ANT tubercles undeveloped. Dorsal abdomen with
dark markings
…..Brevicoryne
brassicae
–
ANT
III 0.8-2.0 × SIPH, which are not barrel-shaped. Cauda tongue-shaped or
triangular, longer than its basal width. ANT tubercles variably developed,
and dorsal abdomen with or without dark markings
…..5
5
Ventral surfaces of femora scabrous or heavily
imbricated. ANT tubercles variably developed, with inner faces divergent; if
well developed then the median frontal tubercle is also well developed
…..6
–
Ventral surfaces of femora smooth or weakly
imbricated or, if scabrous or heavily imbricated, then the ANT tubercles are
well developed and converge apically, and the median frontal tubercle is
undeveloped
ANT tubercles and median frontal tubercle weakly
developed. Dorsum with broad dark bands on all tergites. SIPH and cauda very
dark
.….7
–
ANT tubercles and median frontal tubercle
moderately to well developed. Dorsum without dark bands or with dark bars
only on ABD TERG VII and VIII. SIPH pale or dusky with dark apices, cauda
pale or dark
…..8
7
R IV+V 0.10-0.13 mm long
.….Lipaphis rossi
–
R IV+V 0.135-0.16 mm long
.….Lipaphis turritella
8
ANT uniformly dusky or dark except for basal part
of ANT III. ANT PT/BASE 1.8-2.7. R
IV+V 0.6-0.9 × HT II. Dorsal cuticle roughened. Cauda dusky or dark, 0.6-0.9 × SIPH and 1.2-1.9
× R IV+V
…..Lipaphis erysimi
–
ANT pale except for much darker apex of ANT
V and whole of VI. ANT PT/BASE 2.7-3.5. R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT II. Dorsal cuticle smooth. Cauda pale, 0.4-0.6 ×
SIPH and 0.6-1.3 × R IV+V
ANT tubercles well-developed, with inner faces
smooth and divergent. SIPH long, thin and pale, without any subapical
polygonal reticulation
…..Acyrthosiphon pisum
–
Without this combination of characters; if ANT
tubercles are well developed and have smooth, divergent inner faces then SIPH
have subapical polygonal reticulation for 0.1-0.2 of length
ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting
beyond middle part of head in dorsal view. Head without spicules. SIPH
without polygonal reticulation. MTu present on ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..3
3
Stridulatory apparatus present (cuticular ridges
ventrolaterally on abdominal segments 5-6, and a row of peg-like hairs on
hind tibia)
…..4
–
No stridulatory apparatus
…..6
4
SIPH much shorter than (0.4-0.6 ×) cauda. ANT
PT/BASE 2.5-3.0
…..Aphis odinae
–
SIPH 0.9-1.5 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 3.5-5.0
…..5
5
Longest hairs on ANT III 12-27 μm long,
0.5-1.0 × BD III. Longest hairs on hind tibia up to 60 μm long, less
than 0.6 × HT II. Cauda with 10-26 hairs (rarely more than 20). BL often less
than 2 mm
….. Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii
–
Longest hairs on ANT III 29-64 μm long, 1.5-2.0
× BD III. Longest hairs on hind tibia up to 80-110 μm long, 0.7-1.0 × HT
II. Cauda with 19-54 hairs (rarely less than 25). BL usually more than 2 mm
….. Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus
6
Antennae 5-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE more
than 4. ANT III with 0-5 small
secondary rhinaria on distal part. (Alata with radial sector often missing
from forewing?)
…..Aphis araliaeradicis
–
Antennae 6-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE less than
4. ANT III without secondary rhinaria except in alatiform individuals. (Alata
with radial sector present in forewing)
…..7
7
Cauda pale or dusky, clearly paler than SIPH.
Hairs on hind femur all shorter than diameter of femur at its base
…..Aphis gossypii
–
Cauda as black as SIPH. At least some of hairs on
hind femur longer than diameter of femur at its base
…..8
8
ABD TERG 7 and 8 with dark transverse bars, and
sometimes there are scattered dark markings also on more anterior tergites
…..9
–
No dark dorsal abdominal markings
…..10
9
R IV+V 1.3-1.6 × HT II. Apterae often alatiform,
with 0-19 rhinaria on ANT III. Marginal tubercles (MTu) frequently present on
ABD TERG 2-4
…..Aphis hederae
–
R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II. Apterae without rhinaria on ANT III. MTu
infrequent on ABD TERG 2-4
…..Aphis fabae
10
R IV+V 1.3-1.4 × HT II. SIPH 1.7-2.0 ×
cauda. MTu frequently present on ABD TERG 2-4
…..Aphis
acanthopanaci
–
R IV + V 1.0-1.25 × HT II. SIPH 0.9-1.7 ×
cauda. MTu rare on ABD TERG 2-4
ANT/PT BASE less than 0.5. Body and appendages
densely hairy`
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 0.7. Body and appendages
not densely hairy
…..4
2
Hind tarsi of normal length. Antennae 5-segmented,
with ANT II much longer than ANT I, similar in length to ANT III
……Smynthurodes betae
–
Hind
tarsi very elongate, more than 0.5 × hind tibiae. Antennae 6-segmented, with
ANT II about as long as ANT I, much shorter than ANT III
…..3
3
SIPH completely absent
…..Trama troglodytes
–
SIPH present as pores on small, pigmented cones
…..Protrama radicis
4
ANT tubercles absent or weakly developed, not
projecting forward beyond middle of head in dorsal view
…..5
–
ANT tubercles well developed, projecting forward
beyond middle of head, with inner faces convergent, divergent or parallel in
dorsal view
…..21
5
Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width
in dorsal view
…..6
–
Cauda finger-shaped or bluntly conical, as long
as or longer than its basal width
…..12
6
Prothorax
with a pair of very large marginal tubercles (MTu), up to twice the diameter
of the compound eye, and ABD TERG 1-5 also with very large MTu. SIPH long and
flangeless, more than 7 × cauda, and bearing some small pointed hairs
…..Chomaphis mira
–
Prothorax if with MTu
then these are smaller than compound eyes. ABD TERG 1-5 with or without MTu.
SIPH less than 4 × cauda, and without hairs
…..7
7
ABD TERG 1-5 (-7) with large MTu, and paired STu
usually also present, at least on ABD TERG 7 and 8. Spiracular apertures
reniform
…..8
–
MTu and STuinfrequently present. Spiracular apertures rounded
…..10
8
Longest hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.6 × BD III. Dorsal
cephalic and dorsal abdominal hairs similarly short
…..Dysaphis lappae
–
Longest hairs on ANT III at least 0.8 × BD III,
and dorsal body hairs mostly longer than this diameter
…..9
9
Paired lateral, spinal, and often also
pleural, tubercles present on most tergites. Marginal tubercles (MTu) very
large and sometimes subdivided. R IV+V longer than ANT III
…..Dysaphis narzikulovi
–
Spinal tubercles (STu) usually on head and
ABD TERG 7 and 8, rarely on other segments. MTu variable in size, never
subdivided. R IV+V much shorter than ANT III
SIPH dark, 2.1-3.4 × cauda. Dorsal abdomen with
an extensive dark sclerotic shield. Mesosternum with a pair of dark mammariform
processes
…..11
11
Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 30-61 µm long.
Longest hairs on hind femur 10-25µm long
…..Brachycaudus lateralis
–
Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are at least 70µm long. Longest hairs on hind
femur more than 25µm long
…..Brachycaudus cardui
12
Cauda bluntly conical, about as long as its basal
width and shorter than R IV+V
…..13
–
Cauda conical or finger-shaped, longer than its basal width and
longer than R V+V
…..15
13
SIPH cylindrical, narrow-based, about 2 × cauda.
ANT PT/BASE about 2. Large MTu present on ABD TERG 2-5 as well as 1 and 7
…..Aphis arctiumi
–
SIPH short, tapering and broad based, similar in
length to cauda. ANT PT/BASE 0.8-2.4. MTu absent or only sporadically present
on ABD TERG 2-5
…..14
14
ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.4. Cauda as dark as SIPH
…..Protaphis middletonii
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.8-1.1. Cauda paler than SIPH
…..Protaphis anuraphoides
15
SIPH pale with dark apices, or uniformly
dusky, but never dark. Cauda with 4-11
hairs
…..Aphis nasturtii
–
SIPH uniformly blackish. Cauda with 4-27 hairs
…..16
16
Cauda pale or dusky, clearly paler than SIPH, and
bearing 4-8 hairs
…..Aphis gossypii
–
Cauda dark like SIPH, and bearing 11-27 hairs
…..17
17
ANT PT/BASE 1.7-3.5, but rarely less than 2.0. MTu
absent or sporadically present on ABD TERG 2-4, rarely well-developed
…..18
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.0. MTu present and
well-developed on ABD TERG 2-4 (-5) as well as 1 and 7
…..20
18
Longest hair on ANT III 15-25 μm,
longest hair on hind femur 45-70 μm. SIPH 1.3-1.8 × cauda and 0.14-0.20
× BL. ANT PT/BASE 2.9-3.4
…..Aphis solanella
–
Longest hair on ANT III 35-50 μm,
longest hair on hind femur 60-85 μm. SIPH 0.8-1.6 × cauda and 0.09-0.17
× BL. ANT PT/BASE 2.4-3.4
…..19
19
Length of rostrum (from base of protractor
apodeme)0.69-0.79 mm. R IV+V
(0.9-)1.0-1.4 × HT II
…..Aphis fabae ssp. mordvilkoi
–
Length of rostrum 0.44-0.62 mm. R IV+V
0.85-1.05 × HT II
…..Aphis fabae s.str.
20
R IV+V 1.5-1.8 × HT II
……Aphis shaposhnikovi
–
R IV+V shorter than (about 0.85 X) HT II
……Aphis tomenthosi
21
Dorsal hairs thick and distinctly capitate,
arising from tuberculate bases. SIPH long, pale and slender, 2.6-3.2 × cauda.
ANT PT/BASE 6.0-9.2. ANT III without rhinaria
……Capitophorus elaeagni
–
Dorsal hairs pointed, blunt or if slightly
capitate then thin and not arising from tuberculate bases. SIPH pale or dark,
1.5-2.7 × cauda. If ANT III
without rhinaria then ANT/PT BASE
1.75-4.5
.…22
22
Inner faces of ANT tubercles convergent in dorsal
view. ANT III without rhinaria
…..23
–
Inner faces of ANT tubercles parallel or
divergent in dorsal view. ANT III with at least 1 rhinarium near base of ANT
III, and sometimes many more
…..24
23
SIPH slightly clavate. ANT PT/BASE 3.0-4.5. Dorsal abdomen without
dark intersegmental markings. Immatures with smooth hind tibiae
…..Myzus persicae
–
SIPH tapering with a slight “S”-curve. ANT PT/BASE 1.75-2.8. Dorsal abdomen with a
pattern of dark intersegmental markings. Immatures with spinulose hind tibiae
…..Myzus
ornatus
24
Inner faces of ANT tuberclesparallel oralmost
parallel in dorsal view. ANT hairs very short and blunt, the longest hair on
ANT III less than 0.5 × BD III. SIPH without any subapical polygonal
reticulation
…..25
–
Inner faces of ANT tubercles clearly divergent in
dorsal view. Longest hair on ANT III more than 0.5 × BDIII. SIPH with a
distal zone of polygonal reticulation
…..26
25
BL 1.5-3.0 mm. Dorsal cuticle of head spinulose. ANT III
with 1-2 rhinaria near base
…..Aulacorthum solani
–
BL 3.0-3.8 mm. Dorsal cuticle of head
smooth. ANT III with 4-8 rhinaria on basal half
…..Aulacorthum cirsicola
26
SIPH mainly or wholly pale with polygonal
reticulation on distal 0.13-0.20
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
SIPH mainly or wholly dark with polygonal
reticulation extending over distal 0.2-0.5
…..27
27
SIPH thinnest in middle and flared
apically, with reticulation extending over about distal 0.5; altogether much
thinner than cauda. ANT III with 2-5 rhinaria near base. R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT
II, stilletto-shaped (concave-sided) with very long accessory hairs
…..Macrosiphoniella grandicauda
–
SIPH tapering or cylindrical on distal half and
reticulated over distal 0.2-0.3; about as thick as cauda. ANT III with 18-48 rhinaria extending over
most of segment. R IV+V 1.0-1.8 × HT II
ANT 4- to 6-segmented with PT/BASE much less than
1. Eyes 3-facetted. SIPH absent or as pores on small cones. (In leaf galls)
…..2
–
ANT 6-segmented with PT/BASE more than 2. Eyes
multifacetted. SIPH tubular
…..6
2
R IV+V 0.16-0.20 mm long, 1.8-2.1 × HT II, and
bearing 18-39 accessory hairs
…..3
–
R IV+V 0.063-0.10 mm long, 0.9-1.5 × HT II, and
bearing 4-13 accessory hairs
…..4
3
First tarsal segments with 4 hairs. Dorsal
spicules large, 10-19 μm long. Tergum rather uniformly dusky sclerotic
…..Tamalia dicksoni
–
First tarsal segments with 2 hairs. Dorsal
spicules only 2-5 μm long. Tergum with dark cross-bands
…..Tamalia milleri
4
ANT 5-segmented. Tergum entirely sclerotic,
dusky-dark. Hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 4.1-6.3 × ANT BD III
…..Tamalia inquilinus*
–
ANT usually 4-segmented. Tergum unsclerotised or
with dark cross-bands. Hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 2.6-4.0 × ANT BD III
…..5
5
Dorsal abdomen usually with dark cross-bands,
sometimes fragmented. Antennae and dorsal body surface ornamented with
numerous small spicules
…..Tamalia coweni
–
Dorsal abdomen without dark markings, and
spiculose ornamentation restricted to posterior part of head and posterior
margins of thoracic and abdominal tergites
…..Tamalia
keltoni*
6
Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than basal
width in dorsal view. SIPH tapering strongly, with a marked subapical annular
incision. Spiracular apertures wide open, rounded
…..Brachycaudus
helichrysi
–
Cauda tongue- or finger-like, or triangular,
longer than its basal width. SIPH tapering weakly or swollen on distal half,
without a marked subapical annular incision. Spiracular apertures partially
occluded, reniform
…..7
7
ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting forward
beyond middle of head in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 always with marginal
tubercles (MTu). SIPH black, tapering or cylindrical on distal half
…..8
–
ANT tubercles well developed. MTu rarely on ABD
TERG 1 and 7. SIPH pale and/or swollen on distal half
…..11
8
Cauda pale or dusky, evidently paler than
SIPH, and bearing 4-7(-8) hairs
…..Aphis
gossypii
–
Cauda black like SIPH, and bearing 8-25 hairs
…..9
9
Dorsal abdomen with an extensive dark
shield covering most of ABD TERG 1-6. ANT III with 0-14 rhinaria, and VI with
0-2 rhinaria. Longest hairs on ANT III
0.5-0.8 × BD III
…..Aphis
uvaeursi
–
Dorsal abdomen with variable dark markings, and
sometimes with transverse bars, but never with an almost entire shield. ANT
III and IV without rhinaria (except in alatiform specimens). Longest hairs on
ANT III 0.8-2.4 × BD III
…..10
10
BL 1.6-2.0 mm. ANT III 9-18 × longest hair (18-27
μm) upon it, which is never longer than ANT BD III. Lateral hairs on ABD
TERG 2-4 are 19-37 μm long, about as long as the distance between their
bases
…..Aphis vaccinii
–
BL usually more than 2 mm, if less then ANT III
is only 5-9 × longest hair (30-65 μm) upon it, which is usually longer
than BD III. Lateral hairs on ABD TERG 2-4 are 40-85 μm long, longer
than the distance between their bases
…..Aphis fabae
11
SIPH tapering or cylindrical on distal half, with
a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.6-1.0
× BD III
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
SIPH without subapical polygonal reticulation,
cylindrical or swollen on distal half, . Hairs on ANT III all very short and
blunt, less than 0.4 × BD III
…..12
12
SIPH cylindrical. ANT PT/BASE 2.4-3.1
…..Ericaphis scammelli
–
SIPH slightly to markedly swollen on distal half.
ANT PT/BASE 3.3-6.5
…..13
13
Dorsal abdomen usually with paired dark sclerites
sometimes fused into cross bars, sometimes very small. Dorsal cuticle of head
densely spiculose. SIPH strongly swollen. Cauda triangular
…..Rhopalosiphoninus
staphyleae
–
Dorsal abdomen without dark markings. Cuticle of
head smooth or with sparse spicules. SIPH slightly to moderately swollen.
Cauda finger-like
…..14
14
ANT III usually with 1-4 rhinaria on a swollen part near base. Femora with dark
apices, and SIPH dark in middle and near apices
…..Wahlgreniella
ossiannilssoni
–
ANT III without rhinaria (except in alatiform
specimens). Femoral apices pale or only slightly dusky, and SIPH entirely
pale/dusky or only dark at apices
…..15
15
ANT tubercles with a markedly scabrous region
protruding ventrally. HT II only sparsely imbricated
…..Wahlgreniella
vaccinii
–
ANT tubercles smooth or with only a few spinules
ventrally. HT II distinctly and evenly imbricated
…..16
16
SIPH with moderate swelling of distal half. ANT
PT/BASE 4.5-6.8. R IV+V1.1-1.5 ×
HT II
…..Wahlgreniella nervata
–
SIPH only slightly swollen distally. ANT
PT/BASE 3.5-4.4. R IV+V 1.5-1.85 × HT II
ANT PT about equal to BASE, shorter than R
IV+V. SIPH very short, shorter than the bluntly triangular cauda which is a
little shorter than its basal width in dorsal view
…..Protaphis pseudocardui
–
ANT PT much longer than BASE and much longer than
R IV+V. SIPH much longer than cauda and much longer than basal width
…..2
2
SIPH thick and dark with adistal zone of polygonal reticulation. ANT III with numerous
rhinaria
…..3
–
SIPH pale or dark, if dark then without a distal
zone of polygonal reticulation. ANT III without (or with 1-10) rhinaria
..…4
3
Cauda pale. R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II
…..Uroleucon sonchi
–
Cauda dark. R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT II
…..Uroleucon compositae
4
Dorsal hairs thick and distinctly capitate,
arising from tuberculate bases. SIPH long, pale and slender, 2.6-3.2 × cauda.
ANT PT/BASE 6.0-9.2. ANT III without rhinaria
…..Capitophorus elaeagni
–
Dorsal hairs pointed, blunt or if slightly
capitate then thin and not arising from tuberculate bases. SIPH pale or dark,
1.5-2.7 × cauda. If ANT III
without rhinaria then ANT/PT BASE
1.75-4.5
Cauda helmet shaped, shorter than its basal
width. Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid black sclerotic shield. (Mesosternum with a pair of pigmented
mammariform processes)
…..Brachycaudus
cardui
–
Either cauda is clearly longer than its basal width or the dorsal abdomen has no dark
shield (and there are no mesosternal mammariform processes)
…..2
2
SIPH dark with an extensive distal zone of
polygonal reticulation, and cauda also dark. ANT III with numerous rhinaria
…..3
–
Without that combination of characters; if SIPH
dark with extensive polygonal reticulation then cauda is pale
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal
reticulation
…..2
–
SIPH without any subapical polygonal reticulation
(or absent)
…..7
2
SIPH 0.65-1.45 × cauda and with polygonal reticulation
extending over distal 0.4 or more of length
…..3
–
SIPH 1.55-2.3 × cauda and with polygonal reticulation only on distal
0.3 or less
…..4
3
BL 1.0-2.3 mm. ANT III with 8-28 rhinaria
extending over its entire length. SIPH only 0.65-0.9 × cauda, with
reticulation on distal 0.6-0.8. ANT VI BASE 0.6-1.0 × R IV+V, which is
1.0-1.3 × HT II. Cauda with 10-17 hairs
…..Macrosiphoniella sanborni
–
BL 3.0-5.1. ANT III with 3-10 rhinaria on basal half. SIPH 0.9-1.45 × cauda, with reticulation on distal 0.4-0.6. ANT VI BASE 1.8-2.4 × R IV+V, which is 0.65-0.8 × HT II. Cauda with 22-33 hairs
…..Macrosiphoniella oblonga
4
SIPH wholly dark and rather thick, with polygonal
reticulation on distal 0.25-0.30
…..5
–
SIPH at least basally pale, with polygonal
reticulation on distal 0.10-0.25
…..6
5
Cauda pale, contrasting with dark SIPH, which are
1.0-1.5 × cauda. Coxae pale. ANT III with 8-35 rhinaria
……Uroleucon ambrosiae
–
Cauda almost as dark as SIPH, which are 1.7-2.3 ×
cauda. Coxae dark. ANT III with 51-77 rhinaria
……Uroleucon compositae
6
SIPH darker than body for most of length and
strongly flared at apices (Fig.5i). Cauda
darker than basal part of SIPH. ANT
III with 6-27 rhinaria
…..Macrosiphoniella tapuskae
–
SIPH paler than body for most of length and cylindrical on reticulated
part, only widening at flange. Cauda as pale as basal part of SIPH. ANT III
with 1-10 rhinaria
……Macrosiphum euphorbiae
7
Head smooth, with well-developed divergent
ANT tubercles. SIPH long, pale and thin, 0.25-0.34 × BL
…..Acyrthosiphon ilka
–
ANT tubercles absent or weakly developed
or, if well developed their inner faces are parallel or convergent, and the
dorsal cuticle of the head is spiculose or scabrous. SIPH pale or dark, less
than 0.25 × BL
ANT PT/BASE much less than 1. Eyes 3-faceted. SIPH absent
…..
Patchiella reaumuri
–
ANT PT/BASE much more than 1. Eyes multifaceted. SIPH evident, tubular
…..2
2
Head spiculose dorsally and ventrally, with
well-developed, steep-sided ANT tubercles. ANT III with 1-2 small rhinaria
near base. SIPH almost smooth, and swollen on distal 0.7
Front of head convex in dorsal view, with scabrous/warty cuticle. ABD TERG 8 with a small scabrous spinal process bearing two hairs. Thorax and ABD TERG 1-3 or 1-4 with well-developed lateral tubercles. SIPH long and scabrous, c.4 × cauda
Dorsal body hairs long and thick, almost
spine-like, 3-4 × longer than BDIII; 4-6 per segment in paired spinal,
marginal and pleural rows; contrasting with minute hairs on ANT III-VI
…..Micromyzodium
filicium
–
Dorsal body hairs not of this size and
arrangement, and not contrasting in size to hairs on ANT III-VI
SIPH as shallow black volcano-shaped cones. ANT III with 5-16 secondary rhinaria and IV with 0-5
…..Smiela fusca
–
SIPH tubular; cylindrical, tapering, barrel-shaped
or clavate. ANT III and IV with or (usually) without secondary rhinaria
…..2
2
ABD TERG 8 bearing 8-19 stout hairs. SIPH
0.04-0.08 × BL, and flask or barrel-shaped
…..3
–
ABD TERG 8 with 2-9 hairs. SIPH (if present)
0.06-0.40 × BL, if less than 0.1 × BL then ABD TERG 8 has only 2 hairs
…..4
3
SIPHdark, broadest on basal half. ANT PT/BASE 1.8-3.6. Dorsum with dark
patches
..…Brevicoryne brassicae
–
SIPH pale, barrel-shaped. ANT PT/BASE 0.7-1.1. Dorsum without
dark patches
…..Brevicoryne jiayuguanensis
4
SIPH pale with dusky apices, slightly swollen on
distal half, but not clavate (i.e., no thinner proximal part). ANT tubercles
weakly developed. No marginal tubercles (MTu) on ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..Lipaphis erysimi
–
Without that combination of
characters. If ANT tubercles are
weakly developed then MTu are consistently present on ABD TERG 1 and 7
Head smooth with
well-developed ANT tubercles, their inner faces diverging. SIPH swollen on
distal half and with 2-4 rows of subapical polygonal reticulation
SIPH 2.5-3.5 times longer than their basal
width, and 15-25 times as long as the
very short, blunt and inconspicuous hairs on front of head
…..Dysaphis apiifolia
–
SIPH short and broad-based, rarely more than twice as long as their
basal widths, and 2.5-5.0 times as long as the long and fine hairs on front
of head