HOST LISTS and KEYS

Fifty species of aphid in 24 genera are recorded as feeding on Alnus. Many of these are strictly Alnus feeders, some also feed on Betula species. A single key is provided, preceded by a list of Alnus species with their recorded aphids. On the whole the records reflect the respective distributions of aphids and host plants and there is little evidence of specificity to particular Alnus species; hence the need for a single, all-embracing key.

Alnus acuminata ssp. arguta Latgerina orizabaensis

A. alnobetula var. fruticosa = A. fruticosa

A. barbata Pterocallis alni

A. cordata Crypturaphis grassii; Pterocallis alni, maculata

A. cremastogyne Eutrichosiphum alnifoliae; Greenidea myricae;

Mesocallis pteleae, taoi;

Mollitrichosiphum nandii, [tenuicorpus]
Taoia chuansiensis

A. crispa Pterocallis alnifoliae

A. firma Glyphina jacutensis; Pterocallis maculata, nigrostriata;
Symydobius alniarius ssp. nipponica, kabae, quednaui

A. firma var. hirtella Pterocallis alnijaponicae

A. firmifolia Latgerina orizabaensis ssp. mexicana;

Prociphilus mexicanus

A. formosana Greenidea myricae;
Pterocallis alnijaponicae, pseudoalni

A. fruticosa Boernerina alni, alni insularia, depressa, occidentalis,

[sibirica];

Euceraphis ontakensis; Prociphilus baicalensis;

Pterocallis maculata; [Symydobius oblongus]

      A. glutinosa                                                 European Alder
                                                   Betacallis alnicolens; Clethrobius comes;
                                                   [Euceraphis betulijaponicae];

Glyphina betulae, jacutensis;
Pterocallis [albida], alni, maculata;

Stomaphis [quercus], radicicola, wojciechowski

A. hirsuta Betacallis alnicolens; Boernerina alni;

                                                         [Euceraphis betulae, caerulescens];
                                                   Hannabura alnicola; Prociphilus baicalensis;
                                                   Pterocallis alni, alnijaponicae, nigrostriata;

Stomaphis alni; Symydobius alniarius, kabae;

Tinocallis ulmicola

A. incana Speckled Alder

      (incana of American authors = A. rugosa)
                                                   Betulaphis quadrituberculata; Clethrobius comes;
                                                   Glyphina betulae, jacutensis;

Pterocallis albida, alni, maculata, alnijaponicae

      A. japonica                                Betacallis alnicolens; Glyphina jacutensis;
                                                   Hannabura alnicola; Mesocallis alnicola;
                                                   Pterocallis alnijaponicae, nigrostriata;
                                                   Symydobius alniarius, kabae, minutus;

[Tinocallis zelkovae]

A. kamtschatica Boernerina alni ssp. insularia; [Euceraphis betulae];

Prociphilus baicalensis

A. mandshurica Boernerina alni ssp. insularia

A. maritima Pterocallis essigi

A. matsumurae Betacallis alnicolens; Boernerina alni;

Hannabura alnicola; Mesocallis alnicola, pteleae

A. maximowiczi Boernerina alni, alni ssp. insularia, depressa;

Euceraphis ontakensis; Prociphilus baicalensis;
Pterocallis alnijaponicae;

Symydobius alniarius ssp. nipponicus

A. nepalensis [Aphis spiraecola]; [Chromaphis hirsutustibus];

Eutrichosiphum alnicola, nepalensis,

                                                               raychaudhurii, [tattakanum];
                                                   Greenidea manii; Mesocallis alnicola, obtusirostris;
                                                   Mollitrichosiphum montanum, nandii, [niitakaensis];
                                                   Neobetulaphis chaetosiphon, pusilla;

Taoia chuansiensis, indica

A. nitida Eutrichosiphum raychaudhurii;

Mollitrichosiphum montanum; Taoia indica

A. orientalis Pterocallis alni

A. pendula Symydobius alniarius ssp. nipponicus, quednaui

      A. rhombifolia                                             California or White Alder
                                                   Euceraphis gillettei; Oestlundiella flava;
                                                   Pterocallis alni, essigi

      A. rubra                                                        Oregon or Red Alder
                                                   Euceraphis gillettei; Oestlundiella flava;
                                                   Prociphilus tessellatus; Pterocallis alni

A. rugosa Boernerina variabilis; Calaphis alni;

Euceraphis gillettei;

                                                         Hannabura alnosa; Illinoia alni, wilhelminae;
                                                   Prociphilus tessellatus;
                                                   Pterocallis alni, alnifoliae, rhombifoliae

A. serrulata Prociphilus tessellatus; Pterocallis alnifoliae

A. serrulatoides [Tinocallis ulmicola]

A. sibirica Betacallis alnicolens; Hannabura alnicola;
Mesocallis alnicola;

Pterocallis alnijaponicae, nigrostriata;

Symydobius aliarius, kabae

A. sieboldiana Pterocallis sp. near alnijaponicae

Euceraphis gillettei; Oestlundiella flava

A. tinctoria Pterocallis alnijaponicae, nigrostriata

A. viridis Green Alder
Boernerina depressa; Clethrobius comes;

Prociphilus baicalensis; Pterocallis alni

A. sinuata Wavy-leafed or Sitka Alder
Boernerina occidentalis, variabilis

A. subcordata Pterocallis alni

A. tenuifolia Thin-leaf Alder
Euceraphis gillettei; Oestlundiella flava

A. tinctoria Pterocallis alnijaponicae, nigrostriata

A. viridis Green Alder
Boernerina depressa; Clethrobius comes;

Prociphilus baicalensis; Pterocallis alni

Alnus sp. [Eutrichosiphum alnisuctum]

Key to Alnus-feeding aphids:-

1 SIPH much longer than wide (tubular) and densely covered with long hairs .....2

- SIPH if long then without hairs .....8

2 Hind tibiae with a conspicuous series of transverse ridges (fig. 27A) .....3

- Hind tibiae with normal imbrication, without transverse ridges .....4

3 SIPH of aptera dark, curved outward, 0.4-0.5 × BL. (In alata 0.6-0.75 ×BL)

.....Mollitrichosiphum nandii

- SIPH of aptera pale, almost straight, 0.5-0.85 × BL. (In alata 0.8-0.9 × BL)

.....Mollitrichosiphum montanum

4 SIPH of aptera with a zone of pale reticulation at base. Cauda with a median papilla .....5

- SIPH of aptera without any pale reticulation. Cauda without a median papilla .....6

5 Longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 up to 2.5 × basal diam. of ANT III. Cauda with median papilla shorter than its basal width .....Greenidea (Trichosiphum) manii*

- Longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 more than 3.5 × basal diam. of ANT III. Cauda with median papilla longer than its basal width .....Greenidea (Trichosiphum) myricae

6 SIPH with long and short hairs interspersed over entire surface, many of the long hairs having furcate apices. Head spinulose .....Eutrichosiphum raychaudhurii

- SIPH with all hairs long. Head smooth .....7

7 Antennae more than 0.7 × BL. ANT PT/BASE 2.7-2.8 .....Eutrichosiphum nepalensis

- Antennae less than 0.7 × BL. ANT PT/BASE 1.8-2.2

…..Eutrichosiphum alnifoliae or alnicola

8 Alatae with lateral balloon-like projections of the prothorax, and a pair of tubercular frontal processes projecting forward between antennae, as long as or longer than ANT I (fig. 27B). Apterous morphs and immatures with large plate-like (laminar) frontal and lateral processes, between the much-reduced antennae (fig. 27C) .....Crypturaphis grassii

- Alata without lateral projections of prothorax, and if with frontal processes then they are shorter than ANT I, and if aptera has frontal projections then they are not laminar, and the antennae are normal .....9

9 PT very short, peg-like, not more than twice as long as its basal width; ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5 .....10

- PT finger-like or attenuate, if short then more than twice as long as its basal width; ANT PT/BASE 0.5 or more, rarely 0.3-0.5 .....19

10 Rostrum much longer than body .....11

- Rostrum much shorter than body .....13

11 HT II a little longer than base of ANT VI, and almost as long as R IV+V .....Stomaphis alni

- HT II usually a little shorter than base of ANT VI, and only a little more than half as long as R IV+V .....12

12 ABD TERG 1-6 as well as 7 with large paired dark spinal sclerotic areas, often broken into small sclerites .....Stomaphis wojciechowski* (or quercus? – see text)

- ABD TERG 1-6 without dark sclerotic areas .....Stomaphis radicicola

13 Body of adult aptera more than 2.5 mm long. Wax pore plates well developed .....14

- Body of adult aptera less than 2.5 mm long. Wax pore plates absent .....16

14 Antennae, legs, anal and subgenital plates of aptera all lightly pigmented. Wax plates pale

.....Prociphilus baicalensis

- Antennae, legs, anal and subgenital plates of aptera are brown to black. Wax plates pigmented

.....15

15 R IV+V of aptera longer than HT II, R IV bearing 4-10 accessory hairs. Alate sexupara with narrow, transverse secondary rhinaria on antenna, including 1-5 on base of ANT VI

.....Prociphilus tessellatus

- R IV+V of aptera shorter than HT II, R IV bearing 2-3 accessory hairs. Alate sexupara with secondary rhinaria on antennae more oval, absent from base of ANT VI

.....Prociphilus mexicanus

16 Eyes of aptera multifacetted. Dorsum of aptera pale with long capitate hairs

.....Pterocallis albida

- Eyes of aptera 3-facetted. Dorsum of aptera pigmented, sclerotic, with either short spine-like hairs or long fine .....17

17 Dorsal and marginal body hairs long and fine .....Glyphina longiseta

- Dorsal and marginal body hairs thick, spine-like .....18

18 Dorsum of aptera with a closed wart-like cuticular ornamentation (fig. 27E) .....Glyphina betulae

- Dorsum adorned with transverse wrinkles or imbrications, sometimes forming a reticulation (fig. 27D) .....Glyphina jacutensis

19 Populations containing apterous adults with branched, hair-bearing processes projecting from sides of body and front of head (fig. 27F). Alatae without such processes but with an inward-facing subapical protruberance on ANT I (fig. 27G) .....Latgerina orizabaensis

- If populations contain apterous adults, then any processes these apterae have are not branched, and alatae do not have an inward-facing protruberance on ANT I .....20

20 ANT PT/BASE less than or about 1.0 .....21

- ANT PT/BASE at least 1.5 .....53

21 Cauda of adult with a clearly defined constriction, delimiting the terminal part as a knob

.....22

- Cauda of adult broadly rounded or bluntly triangular, without a trace of a constriction

.....48

22 Anal plate bilobed,or with a medial cleft. Populations with apterae and/or alatae ....23

- Anal plate entire, posterior margin rounded. Adults all alatae .....46

23 Adult viviparae all alate .....24

- Populations comprising apterae only, or both apterous and alate morphs .....32

24 Abdomen with unpaired median dorsal processes on anterior tergites (figs 28A-B) .....25

- Abdomen without medial dorsal processes .....28

25 Abdomen with median dorsal processes on ABD TERG 1-2 only, only those on ABD TERG 2 being well-developed (fig. 28A) .....Pterocallis alnifoliae

- Abdomen with well-developed, finger-like median dorsal processes on ABD TERG 1-4 or 1-5 (fig. 28B) .....26

26 SIPH distally black, pale only at their bases .....Pterocallis (Recticallis) pseudoalni

- SIPH entirely pale .....27

27 Forewings with dark markings at tips between wing veins (fig. 28C)

.....Pterocallis (Recticallis) nigrostriata

- Forewings without dark markings between wing veins

.....Pterocallis (Recticallis) alnijaponicae

28 Antennae longer than body .....Oestlundiella flava

- Antennae shorter than body .....29

29 Antennal flagellum (ANT III-VI) wholly dark except for sensoriated basal part of 3rd segment .....Boernerina occidentalis

- At least the basal parts of ANT IV and V pale .....30

30 R IV+V longer than HT II. Front of head usually pigmented. Anal vein of forewing with a dark border .....Mesocallis pteleae

- R IV+V shorter than HT II. Front of head pale. Anal vein of forewing pale or

dark-bordered .....31

31 ANT PT/BASE about equal to or more than 1.0. Anal vein of forewing pale. R IV+V 0.5-0.7 × HT II .....Mesocallis obtusirostris

- ANT PT/BASE only 0.6-0.7. Anal vein of forewing usually dark-bordered. R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II .....Mesocallis alnicola

32 Each SIPH with a long hair arising from it posteriorly .....33

- SIPH without hairs .....34

33 Knob of cauda elongate, about twice as long as wide. ANT VI (including PT) less than half as long as ANT III .....Taoia chuansiensis

- Knob of cauda only a little longer than wide. ANT VI (including PT) almost as long as ANT III ....Taoia indica

34 Aptera with ABD TERG 8 broad and sclerotic, extending posteriorly like a canopy over cauda (fig. 29A) .....35

- Aptera with ABD TERG 8 not extending posteriorly beyond base of cauda in dorsal view

.....38

35 Aptera with prominent paired frontal processes projecting forward between antennae,

square-sided in dorsal view and with a thick hair arising at each corner (fig. 29B) .....36

- Aptera with paired frontal processes absent, or only present as flat tubercles

.....Boernerina occidentalis

36 ABD TERG 8 of aptera with 4-7 (usually 5-6) thick capitate hairs on its posterior margin. Alata with a well-developed pair of frontal tubercles, longer than wide

.....Boernerina depressa

- ABD TERG 8 of aptera with 8-10 thick capitate hairs on posterior margin. Alata with frontal tubercles undeveloped or shorter than basal widths .....37

37 R IV+V short, only a little longer than its basal width, and shorter than HT II

.....Boernerina alni

- R IV+V about 1.5 times longer than its basal width and about equal in length to HT II

.....Boernerina variabilis

38 Aptera with all hairs on ANT III shorter than basal diameter of segment .....39

- Aptera with at least some of hairs on ANT III longer than basal diameter of segment .....44

39 Anterior abdominal segments of aptera with only one capitate marginal hair on each side

.....40

- Anterior abdominal segments of aptera each with 2 capitate marginal hairs, arising from a well-developed marginal tubercle .....43

40 ABD TERG 1-5 each always with 6 hairs (spinal, pleural and marginal pairs; although in apterae the spinal and pleural hairs may be minute). Forewing of alata with R_Sfully developed .....41

- ABD TERG 1, 2 and 4 each with 4 hairs (spinal and marginal pairs only), ABD TERG 3 and 5 sometimes having additional hairs. Forewing of alata with R_Sabsent or indistinct .....42

41 ABD TERG 3 of aptera with thick, apically-expanded spino-pleural hairs, 20-25 µm long, arising from tuberculate bases. Alata with a black quadrate patch on ABD TERG 4-6, and ANT III bearing 20-25 secondary rhinaria .....Neobetulaphis pusilla

- ABD TERG 3 of aptera with minute spino-pleural hairs, 8-10 µm long. Alata without a black dorsal abdominal patch, and with ANT III bearing 16-18 secondary rhinaria

.....Neobetulaphis chaetosiphon

42 Aptera with 5- or 6-segmented antennae, and dorsal hairs arising from dark scleroites. Front of head and fore tibiae of alata blackish .....Mesocallis taoi*

- Aptera with 6-segmented antennae, and dorsal hairs not arising from dark scleroites. Alata with pale front of head and fore tibiae .....Mesocallis alnicola*

43 ANT PT/BASE 0.6-0.7. R IV+V 0.75-0.83× HT II. Antennae of alata 0.7-0.8× BL, of aptera 0.5-0.6× BL .....Pterocallis essigi

- ANT PT/BASE 0.8-1.1. R IV+V 0.68-0.73. Antennae of alata 1.0-1.2× BL, of aptera

0.6-0.9× BL .....Pterocallis rhombifoliae

44 Aptera with apices of antennal segments and SIPH pale, and ANT PT/BASE 0.3-0.5. ANT III of alata with 6-9 secondary rhinaria .....Pterocallis albidus

- Aptera with apices of antennal segments and SIPH dark, and ANT PT/BASE 0.5-0.8. ANT III of alata with 2-5 secondary rhinaria .....45

45 Aptera with dorsal body hairs pigmented. ANT III with more than 2 long hairs, and some hairs on ANT IV and V longer than basal diameters of their respective segments

.....Pterocallis maculata

- Aptera with dorsal body hairs pale. ANT III with only 1-2 long hairs, and all hairs on ANT IV and V short and inconspicuous .....Pterocallis alni

46 Hairs on ANT III much longer than basal diameter of segment .....Clethrobius comes

- Hairs on ANT III much shorter than basal diameter of segment .....47

47 Thorax and legs dark .....Euceraphis ontakensis

- Thorax and legs pale .....Euceraphis gillettei

48 Small aphid, body length less than 2 mm. Abdomen without dorsal cross bands. Anal plate is bilobed .....Betulaphis quadrituberculata

- Large aphid, more than 2 mm long. Abdomen with dark dorsal cross bands. Anal plate rounded .....49

49 Abdominal marginal sclerites each bearing (0-)1-7 small transparent tubercles (fig. 29C). ANT III with 16-35 rhinaria .....50

- Abdominal marginal sclerites without tubercles. ANT III with 0-90 rhinaria .....51

50 Dorsal body hairs 2.0-2.1 × basal diameter of ANT III. Secondary rhinaria without ciliate margins. R IV+V c.0.8 × HT II …..Symydobius kabae

- Dorsal body hairs 2.2-3.7 × basal diameter of ANT III. Secondary rhinaria with ciliate margins. R IV+V more than 0.95 × HT II …..Symydobius quednaui*

51 Hind tibia mainly pale. ANT III with 18-c.40 rhinaria. ANT VI BASE with 3-9 hairs

.....Symydobius minutus

- Hind tibia wholly blackish-brown. ANT III with 0-90 rhinaria. ANT VI BASE with 15-26 hairs .....52

52 ANT III with 30-90 rhinaria with ciliate margins. ANT IV longer than V

…..Symydobius alniarius ssp. alniarius

- ANT III with 0-32 rhinaria, with margins not ciliate but slightly indented. ANT IV subequal in length to V …..Symydobius alniarius ssp. nipponicus*

53 SIPH short, truncate .....54

- SIPH long, tubular, and usually slightly to markedly swollen on apical third .....57

54 Head with a transverse black band ventrally between eyes. ANT PT/BASE less than 2

.....Betacallis alnicolens

- Head uniformly pale or dark, without a ventral transverse black band. ANT PT/BASE more than 2 .....55

55 Abdomen with an extensive black dorsal patch, including the SIPH (fig. 29D)

.....Calaphis alni

- Abdomen without a black patch .....56

56 Antennae dark. Aptera with 4-6 dorsal capitate hairs per segment .....Hannabura alnosa

- Antennae pale. Aptera with 12-30 dorsal capitate hairs per segment

....Hannabura alnicola

57 Antennae dusky. R IV+V 1.1-1.3× HT II, with 7-10 accessory hairs .....Illinoia alni

- Antennae pale (except apices of segments). R IV+V c. 2.0× HT II, very hairy, with 30 or more accessory hairs .....Illinoia wilhelminae

Alocasia Araceae

Alocasia indica Aphis gossypii; Neomyzus circumflexus

A. macrorrhiza Aphis craccivora; Neomyzus circumflexus;

Pentalonia caladii

Alocasia sp. Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Key to aphids on Alocasia:-

- ANT longer than body, with PT/BASE 5.5-7.7. Femora with basal 0.6 or more of length pale, contrasting with black distal section. SIPH pale basally and dark distally, and 2.3-3.3 × cauda. (Al. with broad-banded wing-veins, and radius fused with media to form a closed cell below the pterostigma) .....Pentalonia caladii

- Without that combination of characters .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Aloe Asphodelaceae

Aloe africana Aloephagus myersi; [Aphis sp. (California; Leonard 1972a)]

A. arborescens Aloephagus myersi

A. aristata Aloephagus myersi

A. barbadensis = A. vera

A. brevifolia [Aphis sp. (California; Leonard 1972a)]

A. camperi Aloephagus myersi

A. castanea Aloephagus myersi; [Aphis sp. (California; Leonard 1972a)]

A. chabaudii Aloephagus myersi

A. ciliaris var. tidmarshii Aphis fabae

A. congesta = Astroloba congesta

A. cooperi Aloephagus myersi

A. eru = A. camperi

A. falcata [Aphis sp. (California; Leonard 1972a)]

A. ferox Aloephagus myersi

A. glauca Aloephagus myersi; Aphis nerii

A. graminicola = A. lateritia var. graminicola

A. lateritia var. graminicola Aphis gossypii

A. mawii Aloephagus myersi

A. munchii Aloephagus myersi

A. parvula Aloephagus myersi

A. pearsonii Aloephagus myersi

A. percrassa Aloephagus myersi; Aphis gossypii

A. rivae [Aphis sp. (California, Leonard 1972a)]

A. secundiflora Aloephagus myersi

A. striata Aloephagus myersi; [Aphis sp. (California, Leonard 1972a)]

A. tidmarshii = A. ciliaris var. tidmarshii

A. variegata Aloephagus myersi; Myzus persicae

A. vera Aphis craccivora, gossypii; Aulacorthum solani;

Myzus persicae

A. zebrina Aloephagus myersi

Aloe spp. Dysaphis tulipae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Key to aphids on Aloe:-

1 SIPH absent. ANT PT/BASE less than 0.4 .....Aloephagus myersi

- SIPH present, tubular. ANT PT/BASE 2-7 …..2

2 Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1-4(-5) with well-developed marginal tubercles (MTu). Some hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 arising from dark scleroites …..Dysaphis tulipae

- Cauda tongue-shaped, much longer than its basal width. Either ABD TERG 1 and 7 only with MTu, or MTu absent. None of hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 arise from dark scleroites

.....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Alopecurus Poaceae

Alopecurus aequalis Anoecia corni, fulviabdominalis, [radiciphaga];

(incl. ssp. amurensis) Rhopalosiphum padi, rufiabdominale; Sipha glyceriae;

Sitobion akebiae, alopecuri, avenae, fragariae, miscanthi;

Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (or fusiformis?)

A. agrestis = A. myosuroides

A. arundinaceus Rhopalosiphum padi; Schizaphis nigerrima; Sitobion avenae

A. geniculatus Anoecia furcata; Atheroides serrulatus;

Diuraphis muehlei; Forda marginata; Laingia psammae;

Metopolophium festucae, festucae ssp. cerealium;

Rhopalosiphum padi; Schizaphis graminum, longicaudata, phlei, rufula;

Sipha glyceriae, maydis; Sitobion alopecuri, avenae

A. japonicus Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (or fusiformis?)

A. magellanicus Pentamyzus fueginus, tenuis

A. myosuroides [Anoecia sp., Zwölfer 1958]; Diuraphis noxia;

Myzus persicae; Sitobion avenae; Tetraneura ulmi

A. pratensis [Acyrthosiphon gossypii]; Anoecia corni;

Atheroides hirtellus, serrulatus;

Forda formicaria, marginata; Geoica setulosa, utricularia;

Laingia psammae; Metopolophium dirhodum, festucae;

Rhopalosiphum maidis, oxyacanthae, padi;

Schizaphis phlei, graminum, nigerrima, rufula;

Sipha elegans, maydis; Sitobion avenae, fragariae;

Tetraneura caerulescens, ulmi

Alopecurus spp. Aphis craccivora; Atheroides brevicornis;

Neomyzus circumflexus; Paracletus cimiciformis

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Aloysia Verbenaceae

Aloysia citriodora Aphis fabae, gossypii; Aulacorthum solani;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus, persicae, [targionii (nomen dubium)]

A. triphylla = A. citriodora

A. virgata [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972a)]; Myzus persicae

Aloysia spp. Neomyzus circumflexus

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Alpinia (including Catimbium) Zingiberaceae

Alpinia allughas = A. nigra

A. bracteata = A. roxburghii

A. caerulea Pseudoregma sundanica

A. hainanensis Pentalonia caladii

A. japonica Pentalonia caladii

A. katsumadae = A. hainanensis

A. malaccensis Pseudoregma sundanica

A. nigra Pentalonia caladii

A. purpurata Aphis spiraecola; [Cerataphis brasiliensis, orchidearum];

Pentalonia caladii, [nigronervosa]

A. rafflesiana Pentalonia caladii

A. roxburghii Pseudoregma sundanica

A. sanderae = A. vittata

A. schumanniana = A. zerumbet

A. speciosa = A. zerumbet

A. vittata Pentalonia caladii

A. zerumbet Pseudoregma caladii, sundanica

Alpinia sp. Astegopteryx styracophila

Use key to apterae on Hedychium.

Alsine see Stellaria Caryophyllaceae

Alsophila see Cyathea Cyatheaceae

Alstonia Apocynaceae

Alstonia scholaris Aphis craccivora, spiraecola

A. venenata Myzus persicae

Alstonia sp. Aphis gossypii

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Alstroemeria Alstroemeriaceae

Alstroemeria aurantiaca = A. aurea

A. aurea Aulacorthum solani; Myzus ornatus

A. chilensis = A. ligtu

A. leporina Macrosiphum euphorbiae

A. ligtu Aulacorthum solani

Alstroemeria spp. Aphis alstroemeriae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

[Metopolophium dirhodum]; Myzus persicae;

[Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale]

Key to aphids on Alstroemeria:-

- ANT III 1.4-1.7 × SIPH, and ANT PT/BASE 1.9-2.2. SIPH and cauda both black, with SIPH 1.00-1.32 × cauda. Dorsal abdomen with variably developed, irregularly shaped dark markings, which tend to follow the polygonal pattern of cuticular sculpturing

.....Aphis alstroemeriae

- Without this combination of characters .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Alternanthera Amaranthaceae

Alternanthera circuliflora (?) Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae

A. nodiflora = A. sessilis

A. paronychioides Aphis craccivora

A. philoxeroides Aphis gossypii, fabae, solanella, spiraecola;

[Greenidea ficicola]; Myzus ornatus, persicae;

Neomyzus circumflexus

A. polygonoides = A. paronychioides

A. pungens Aphis craccivora

A. sessilis Aphis craccivora, gossypii

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Althaea Malvaceae

Althaea armeniaca Aphis althaeae

A. cannabina Acyrthosiphon malvae;

Aphis althaeae, umbrella, ?spiraecola

A. litvinovii (= Alcea litvinovii) Aphis althaeae

A. narbonnensis = Althaea cannabina

A. nudiflora (= Alcea nudiflora) Aphis althaeae, gossypii, umbrella, spiraecola

A. officinalis Acyrthosiphon malvae;

Aphis althaeae, fabae, frangulae, gossypii, nasturtii,

spiraecola, umbrella;

Macrosiphum [artemisiae of Ferrari 1872], euphorbiae;

Myzus persicae

A. olbia Aphis gossypii

A. rhyticarpa = Alcea rhyticarpa

A. rosea = Alcea rosea

Althaea sp. Uroleucon eoessigi

Use key to aphids on Alcea.

Alyogyne Malvaceae

Alyogyne hakeifolia Aphis gossypii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae

A. huegelii Myzus persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Alysicarpus Fabaceae

Alysicarpus ovalifolius Aphis gossypii

A. rugosus Aphis gossypii

A. vaginalis Aphis gossypii

Alyssoides Brassicaceae

Alyssoides utriculata Brevicoryne brassicae

Alyssum Madwort Brassicaceae

Alyssum alyssoides Myzus persicae

A. argenteum Myzus ornatus

A. canescens = Ptilotrichum canescens

A. desertorum Aphis craccivora, gossypii

A. marginatum = A. szovitsianum

A. montanum Aphis fabae; Myzus ascalonicus

A. murale Myzus ornatus

A. petraeum (=Aurinia petraea} [Aphis sp. (Serbia; O. Petrović)]

A. saxatile (= Aurinia saxatilis) Brevicoryne brassicae; Myzus ornatus;

Spatulophorus alyssi

A. szovitsianum Aphis craccivora

A. tortuosum Smiela schneideri ssp. alyssii

Alyssum sp. Aphis craccivora

Key to apterae on Alyssum (including Aurinia and Ptilotrichum}:-

1 SIPH as very broad, dark, volcano-shaped cones, shorter than their basal widths. ANT III with 1-11 rhinaria on distal part, and 0-3 on IV. Cauda very short, helmet-shaped or triangular with rounded apex, much shorter than its basal width ..... 2

- SIPH tubular, pale or dark. ANT III-IV without rhinaria (or with rhinaria only near base of III). Cauda triangular or tongue-shaped, as long as or longer than its basal width …..3

2 ANT PT/BASE c.2.1-2.2. R IV+V c.1.2 × HT II …..Smiela schneideri alyssii

- ANT PT/BASE 0.75-1.25. R IV+V 1.35-1.55 × HT II …..Smiela mongolica

3 Dorsal hairs long and with spatulate apices. Dorsal cuticle of head, pronotum and ABD TERG 7-8 very rugose. R IV+V long and pointed, 1.4-1.6 × HT II. SIPH coarsely imbricated and slightly swollen near apices .....Spatulophorus alyssi

- Dorsal hairs not spatulate, and other characters not in this combination …..4

4 Cauda broadly triangular, about as long as its basal width. SIPH dark, elongate barrel-shaped, or cylindrical for most of length and constricted apically. Dorsal abdomen with variably-developed paired dark sclerites or cross-bands …..Brevicoryne brassicae

- Cauda tongue-shaped, much longer than its basal width, and other characters also do not apply .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Amaranthus Amaranthaceae

Amaranthus albus Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, solanella;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae;

Smynthurodes betae

A. blitoides Aphis craccivora, fabae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

A. blitum ssp. oleraceus Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae

A. caudatus (incl. paniculatus) Aphis aurantii, craccivora, fabae;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae

A. crassipes Aphis craccivora

A. cruentus Aphis craccivora, spiraecola

A. cuspidatus Aphis amaranthi

A. deflexus Aphis amaranthi, craccivora, fabae

A. dubius Aphis fabae, gossypii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus persicae; [Rhopalosiphum maidis, padi]

A. gangeticus = A. tricolor

A. graecizans Aphis craccivora

A. hybridus (incl. ssp. Aphis amaranthi, craccivora, fabae, gossypii;

chlorostachys, quitensis) Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus persicae; Protaphis middletonii

A. inamoenus = A. tricolor

A. lividus = A. blitum ssp. oleraceus

A. paniculatus = A. caudatus

A. quitensis see hybridus

A. retroflexus Aphis asclepiadis, craccivora, fabae, gossypii, middletonii,

nasturtii, solanella;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

[Hayhurstia atriplicis]; [Hyperomyzus lactucae];

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae;

Protaphis middletonii; Smynthurodes betae

A. spinosus Aphis amaranthi, craccivora, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola;

[Hyadaphis coriandri]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus;

Protaphis middletonii

A. tricolor Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae

A. viridis Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola;

Myzus cymbalariae, persicae;

Amaranthus spp. Aphis frangulae, triglochinis;

[Parathoracaphis manipurense ]; [Myzakkia verbasci]

Key to aphids on Amaranthus:-

1 ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu). ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting beyond middle of frons in dorsal view .....2

- ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu. Either ANT tubercles well developed, or SIPH absent

.....go to key to polyphagous aphids

2 SIPH pale or dusky, darker at apices, only about 0.1 × BL and 0.7-1.3 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 1.1-1.8 .....Aphis triglochinis

- SIPH usually entirely dark, 0.11-0.26 × BL and 0.8-2.6 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-3.2

.....3

3 All the following characters apply: SIPH and cauda both dark. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings. Hairs on dorsal side of hind femur shorter than ANT BD III. ANT III without rhinaria. Cauda with 8-11 hairs. Diameter of lateral tubercle on abdominal segment 7 is greater than ANT BD III. ANT PT/BASE 2.2-3.2. R IV+V 1.25-1.35 × HT II

.....Aphis amaranthi

- Without this combination of characters .....go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24

Amberboa Asteraceae

Amberboa lippii = Volutaria lippii

A. moschata Aphis fabae, solanella; Brachycaudus cardui;

Uroleucon compositae

A. muricata = Volutaria muricata

Key to apterae on Amberboa and Volutaria:-

1 Head dark with well-developed, divergent ANT tubercles. ANT III with 15-86 rhinaria. SIPH and cauda both dark, SIPH having a distal zone of polygonal reticulation. First tarsal segments all with 5 hairs …..2

- Without this combination of characters ….. go to key to polyphagous aphids

2 ANT III with 42-86 rhinaria extending over 0.68-0.95 of length. Middle part of hind tibia pale; the pale section occupying at least 0.7 of total length. SIPH with reticulation over distal 0.25-0.32. ANT PT/BASE 5.2-7.3, mostly 5.5-7.0. ANT III 1.4-1.9 × ANT V

…..Uroleucon compositae

- ANT III with 15-54 rhinaria extending over 0.45-0.68 of length. Middle part of hind tibia dusky to dark, or if rather pale then the pale section is less than 0.6 of total length. SIPH with reticulation over distal 0.16-0.27. ANT PT/BASE 4.3-5.5. ANT III 1.8-2.5 × ANT V

…..Uroleucon jaceae

Amerosedum Crassulaceae

Amerosedum lanceolatum Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Amblystegium Amblystegiaceae

Amblystegium serpens Muscaphis musci

(or use key to apterae of moss-feeding aphids under Polytrichum)

Ambroma see Abroma Malvaceae

Ambrosia (including Franseria, Gaertneria) Asteraceae

Ambrosia acanthicarpa Aphis craccivora; Capitophorus shepherdiae

A. ambrosioides Uroleucon ambrosiae

A. artemisiifolia Aphis asclepiadis, fabae, gossypii, nasturtii, spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Capitophorus jopepperi;

Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria ssp. divia, [yomogifoliae];

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus, persicae;

Pemphigus bursarius, Pleotrichophorus ambrosiae;

Prociphilus erigeronensis;

Uroleucon ambrosiae, tuataiae

A. confertiflora Uroleucon ambrosiae, ambrosiae ssp. lizerianum

A. deltoidea Uroleucon ambrosiae

A. discolor = A. tomentosa

A. elatior Aphis gossypii

A. maritima Aphis gossypii; [Aulacorthum palustre];

Coloradoa rufomaculata; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

A. paniculata Acyrthosiphon bidenticola; Aphis gossypii;

(incl. var. peruviana) Pleotrichophorus ambrosiae;

Uroleucon ambrosiae, tuataiae

A. polystachia Uroleucon ambrosiae

A. psilostachya Brachycaudus helichrysi; Capitophorus shepherdiae;

Myzus persicae; Uroleucon ambrosiae, [rudbeckiae]

A. tomentosa Pleotrichophorus ambrosiae, [wasatchii]

A. trifida Aphis asclepiadis; Aulacorthum solani;

[Macrosiphum pallens]; Prociphilus erigeronensis;

Protaphis middletonii;

Uroleucon ambrosiae, erigeronensis, ivae, [rudbeckiae]

Ambrosia sp. [Pleotrichophorus glandulosus]

Key to aphids on Ambrosia:-

1 Dorsal hairs greatly expanded distally; fan-, funnel- or mushroom-shaped, arising from tuberculate bases (Fig.8) .....2

- Dorsal body hairs with pointed, blunt or only very slightly expanded apices .....5

2 Front of head weakly convex in dorsal view, with ANT tubercles undeveloped. ANT PT/BASE 1.4-2.0 .....Coloradoa rufomaculata

- ANT tubercles moderately to well-developed, projecting beyond middle of front to head in dorsal view. ANT PT/BASE almost always more than 2.0 .....3

3 Antennae longer than body. SIPH without any subapical swelling (Fig.8a), and 1.25-1.75 × cauda. ANT III with 1-8 rhinaria near base .....Pleotrichophorus ambrosiae

- Antennae shorter than body. SIPH smooth and slightly swollen subapically (Figs 8b,c), and 3.1-4.3 × cauda. ANT III without any rhinaria .....4

4 Dorsal cuticle smooth between hair bases (Fig. 8b). Dorsal body hairs consisting of spinal, pleural and marginal rows (submarginals absent). ANT PT/BASE 3.9-5.2

.....Capitophorus jopepperi

- Dorsal cuticle conspicuously sculptured (Fig. 8c). Dorsal body hairs including a row of submarginals on each side between pleural and marginal rows. ANT PT/BASE 2.0-2.9

.....Capitophorus shepherdiae

5 SIPH either wholly dark or dark distally, at midlength about twice as wide as hind tibiae, with subapical polygonal reticulation extending over at least distal 0.25 .....6

- SIPH (if present) pale or dark, without subapical polygonal reticulation or with reticulation on less than distal 0.2 .....10

6 SIPH only dark distally. Some of distal caudal hairs usually short, and blunt or slightly capitate .....Uroleucon erigeronensis

- SIPH wholly dark. Distal caudal hairs not different from those more proximal .....7

7 ANT PT/BASE 2.4-3.5. SIPH 0.6-1.1 × cauda and with reticulation over distal 0.4-0.63

.…Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria ssp. divia (= M. artemisiae?)

- ANT PT/BASE 5.3-7.0. SIPH 1.1-1.7 × cauda and with reticulation over distal 0.2-0.35

..…8

8 Cauda dark. Tibiae wholly blackish .....Uroleucon tuataiae

- Cauda pale. Tibiae usually with paler basal sections .....9

9 Hind tibiae as pale as cauda for more than 0.7 of length. ABD TERG 2-4 sometimes with small marginal tubercles (MTu). (Hind tibiae of al. with pale or dusky basal section)

…..Uroleucon ivae

- Hind tibiae usually with a pale or dusky basal section, but this is not as pale as cauda for more 0.5 of length. ABD TERG 2-4 without MTu. (Hind tibia of al. entirely dark)

…..Uroleucon ambrosiae

10 ANT tubercles well developed with smooth, divergent inner faces. ANT dark except at base, with ANT PT/BASE 5.9-7.5. SIPH dark except for basal 0.2-0.3 of length, tapering/ cylindrical on distal half, with subapical polygonal reticulation extending for much less than 0.1 of length …..Acyrthosiphon bidenticola

- Without that combination of characters .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Amelanchier June Berries Rosaceae

Amelanchier alnifolia Saskatoon Berry
Acyrthosiphon macrosiphum;

Aphis pomi, whiteshellensis; Nearctaphis sensoriata;

Prociphilus caryae ssp. fitchi

A. canadensis Aphis fabae, pomi

A. denticulata [Aphis gossypii]

A. florida Serviceberry
Acyrthosiphon macrosiphum; Ericaphis gentneri

A. laevis Serviceberry
Acyrthosiphon macrosiphum; Aulacorthum solani;

Eriosoma americanum; Ericaphis gentneri;
Prociphilus caryae

A. lamarckii Aphis pomi

A. ovalis Aphis pomi; Dysaphis parasorbi; Ericaphis gentneri

A. spicata Aphis pomi; Macrosiphum amelanchiericolens;

Nearctaphis sensoriata

A. utahensis Acyrthosiphon macrosiphum

Key to the aphids feeding on Amelanchier species:-

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5 .....2

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1.0 .....3

2 SIPH present as raised pores with rims partly sclerotised, ringed by hairs. (Media of forewing of alata once-branched) .....Eriosoma americanum

- SIPH absent. (Media of forewing of alata unbranched) .....Prociphilus caryae

3 Cauda triangular, helmet-shaped or rounded, shorter than or about as long as its basal width

.....4

- Cauda at least 1.5× longer than its basal width .....6

4 SIPH 2-3× cauda .....Dysaphis parasorbi

- SIPH about as long as, or a little longer than, cauda .....5

5 Dorsum with extensive dark pigmentation. Basal part of hind tibia slightly swollen, bearing a group of circular "pseudosensoria" (scent glands) .....Nearctaphis sensoriata

- Dorsum with pigmented areas restricted to posterior abdominal segments. Hind tibiae of viviparous morphs without scent glands .....Aphis whiteshellensis

6 SIPH and cauda both black. Antennal tubercles weakly developed .....7

- SIPH pale or dark, but if dark then the cauda is paler. Antennal tubercles well developed

.....9

7 Dorsum with variable dark markings, usually consisting of at least dark sclerotic bands on pronotum, mesonotum and ABD TERG 7 and 8, and small dark marginal sclerites (fig. 121R); often also with small dark sclerites scattered over other abdominal tergites. Cauda with 12-19 hairs, without any constriction .....Aphis fabae

- Pronotum, mesonotum and ABD TERG 7 and 8 without dark sclerotic bands and marginal sclerites not deeply pigmented. Cauda with 7-19 hairs, and usually with a slight constriction (fig. 121T) .....8

8 Marginal tubercles present on ABD TERG 2-4. Cauda with 10-19 hairs (rarely less than 13). R IV+V more than 120 µm .....Aphis pomi

- Marginal tubercles usually absent from ABD TERG 2-4. Cauda with 7-15 hairs (rarely more than 12). R IV+V less than 120 µm .....Aphis spiraecola

9 ANT III in aptera with about 40 rhinaria, distributed over entire length of segment. SIPH with an apical zone of polygonal reticulation .....Macrosiphum amelanchiericolens

- ANT III in aptera with 1-2 rhinaria near base .....10

10 SIPH of aptera dark and very long, nearly half as long as body

.....Acyrthosiphon macrosiphum

- SIPH of aptera about one quarter of body length, pale except sometimes at their apices

.....11

11 Aptera with antennal tubercles diverging in dorsal view. SIPH wholly pale. Alata with a solid dark dorsal abdominal patch .....Ericaphis gentneri

- Aptera with antennal tubercles parallel in dorsal view. SIPH often dark-tipped. Alata with dark transverse bars on dorsal abdomen, sometimes fused across segments in mid-line only

.....Aulacorthum solani

Ammannia Lythraceae

Ammannia baccifera Aphis gossypii

Ammannia spp. Myzus persicae; Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

Key to aphids on Ammannia:-

- SIPH and cauda both dusky to dark, with SIPH much shorter than the distance between their bases and swollen on distal half. ANT PT/BASE only 0.55-0.8 × R IV+V

.....Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae

- Without this combination of characters .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Ammi Apiaceae

Ammi crinitum Aphis fabae

A. majus Aphis fabae, solanella, spiraecola; Cavariella aegopodii;

Dysaphis apiifolia, crataegi;

Hyadaphis foeniculus; Myzus ornatus, persicae

A. topalii Aphis gossypii

A. visnaga Aphis fabae, spiraecola; Dysaphis crataegi

Key to aphids on Ammi:-

1 Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width. Large, rather flat marginal tubercles (MTu) present on most abdominal segments, and some spinal tubercles (STu) present on posterior tergites .....2

- Without this combination of characters .....3

2 Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.24-0.56 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Longest spinal hair on ABD TERG 8 is 11-36 μm long. MTu usually present on abdominal segment 7 .....Dysaphis apiifolia

- Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.42-1.0 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Longest spinal hair on ABD TERG 8 is 25-80 μm. MTu usually absent from abdominal segment 7 .....Dysaphis crataegi

3 ABD TERG 8 with a backwardly-directed process above the cauda. ANT PT/BASE less than 1.5 …..Cavariella aegopodii

- ABD TERG 8 without a supracaudal process. ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5 …..4

4 SIPH swollen on distal half and about equal in length to cauda …..Hyadaphis foeniculi

- IF SIPH swollen then they are much longer than cauda

….. go to key to polyphagous aphids

Ammobium Asteraceae

Ammobium alatum Brachycaudus helichrysi

Ammodendron Fabaceae

Ammodendron argenteum = A. bifolium

A. bifolium Acyrthosiphon gossypii; Aphis craccivora, gossypii

A. conollyi Acyrthosiphon gossypii; Aphis craccivora

Key to apterae on Ammodendron:-

- SIPH pale, slender, 0.4-0.5 × BL and 2.8-3.4 × longer than cauda

.....Acyrthosiphon gossypii

- SIPH dark, 0.06-0.21 × BL and 0.8-2.5 × longer than cauda .....go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24

Ammophila (including Calammophila, Psamma) Poaceae

Ammophila arenaria Atheroides hirtellus, serrulatus; Chaetosiphella longirostris;

Forda marginata; Geoica harpazi, utricularia group;

Hyalopteroides humilis; Hyalopterus pruni;

Laingia psammae; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Schizaphis rufula; Sipha elegans, glyceriae, littoralis;

Sitobion avenae, sylvesteri; Tetraneura ulmi

A. arundinacea = A. arenaria

A. baltica Tetraneura ulmi

Use key to apterae on grasses under Digitaria.

Ammophila (as Psamma) × Calamagrostis Poaceae

Laingia psammae

Amomum Zingiberaceae

Amomum coccineum = Etlingera coccinea

A. gracile Pseudoregma sundanica

A. subulatum Pentalonia caladii, kalimpongensis

Use key to apterae on Hedychium.

Amoora see Aglaia Meliaceae

Amorpha Fabaceae

Amorpha angustifolia = A. fruticosa

A. fruticosa Aphis craccivora, cytisorum, fabae; Megoura lespedezae;

Myzus persicae

Key to apterae on Amorpha:-

1 SIPH pale. Head strongly spinulose, antennal tubercles with inner faces scabrous and apically convergent …..Myzus persicae

- SIPH black. Head not spiculose, antennal tubercles either undeveloped or with smooth divergent inner faces …..2

2 ANT longer than BL. ANT tubercles well-developed, with divergent inner faces. SIPH slightly swollen in middle. Cauda long, pale and finger-like …..Megoura lespedezae

- ANT shorter than BL. ANT tubercles small or undeveloped. SIPH cylindrical/tapering. Cauda dark, tongue-shaped …..3

3 Dorsal abdomen without an extensive dark sclerotic shield. Cauda with 11-24 hairs

…..Aphis fabae

- Dorsal abdomen usually with a dark shield. Cauda with 4-10 hairs …..4

4 R IV+V 0.88-1.16 × HT II (mostly 0.9-1.05 ×). Anterior half of genital plate with 2 (-3) hairs

…..Aphis craccivora

- R IV+V 0.97-1.30 × HT II (mostly 1.06-1.2 ×). Anterior half of genital plate with 2-8 hairs (mode 4, mean 5.2) …..Aphis cytisorum

Amorphophallus Araceae

Amorphophallus konjac Aphis gossypii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon

A. rivieri = A. konjac

A. titanum Aphis gossypii

Amorphophallus sp. Neomyzus circumflexus

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Ampelamus Apocynaceae

Amepelamus laevis Aphis nerii

Ampelocissus Vitaceae

Ampelocissus africana Aphis gossypii

A. robinsonii Aphis illinoisensis; Neomyzus circumflexus

Key for apterae on Ampelocissus:-

- Hind legs black except at bases of femora. Fore- and mid-legs also mainly dark, except for fore femora which are contrastingly pale .....Aphis illinoisensis

- Legs mainly pale or with different pigmentation .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Ampelodesmos Poaceae

Ampelodesmos mauritanicus Rhopalosiphum padi; Sipha elegans;

Sitobion avenae, fragariae

A. tenax = A. mauritanicus

Use key to apterae on grasses under Digitaria.

Ampelopsis Vitaceae

A. arborea Aphis illinoisensis; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

A. cantoniensis Greenidea viticola

A. cordata Aphis illinoisensis

A. brevipedunculata = A. glandulosa var. brevipedunculata

A. glandulosa (incl. vars Aphis gossypii

brevipedunculata, heterophylla)

A. quinquefolia = Parthenocissus quinquefolia

Key for apterae on Ampelopsis:-

1 SIPH with numerous very long hairs …..Greenidea viticola

- SIPH without hairs …..2

2 Hind legs black except at bases of femora. Fore- and mid-legs also mainly dark, except for fore femora which are contrastingly pale .....Aphis illinoisensis

- Legs mainly pale or with different pigmentation .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Ampelovitis see Vitis Vitaceae

Ampelygonum Polygonaceae

Ampelygonum umbellatum Capitophorus hippophaes ssp. javanicus

Amphicarpaea (including Falcata) Fabaceae

Amphicarpaea japonica = A. bracteata ssp. edgeworthii

A. bracteata Microparsus variabilis

A. bracteata ssp. edgeworthii Aphis glycines; [Indomegoura indica];

Megoura crassicauda

A. edgeworthii = A. bracteata ssp. edgeworthii

A. monoica = A. bracteata

A. trisperma = A. bracteata ssp. edgeworthii

Key to apterae on Amphicarpaea:-

1 Large (BL more than 3 mm) spindle-shaped aphid with black head, prothorax, tibiae, SIPH and cauda. SIPH somewhat swollen, with ante- and post-siphuncular sclerites at their bases. ANT III with 15-50 rhinaria .....Megoura crassicauda

- BL not more than 2 mm and other characters not as above .....2

2 ANT tubercles weakly developed. Cauda tongue-shaped, with sides almost parallel in dorsal view before tapering to a rounded apex. (Alata with wing veins all pale, media 2-branched and hindwing with two oblique veins) .....Aphis glycines

- ANT tubercles well developed. Cauda swollen at base, then tapering to a point. (Forewing of alata with dark cubital veins and media often 1-branched, and hind wings without any oblique veins) .....Microparsus variabilis

Amphilophis see Bothriochloa Poaceae

Amphilophis pertusa = Bothriochloa pertusa

Amphilophium Bignoniaceae

Amphilophium gnaphalanthum Aphis craccivora

Amsinckia Boraginaceae

Amsinckia calycina Brachycaudus helichrysi

A. hispida = A. calycina

A. intermedia Brachycaudus helichrysi; Pleotrichophorus amsinckii

A. psilostachya Brachycaudus helichrysi

A. spectabilis Brachycaudus helichrysi; Myzus persicae

Amsinckia sp. Macrosiphum euphorbiae; [Nearctaphis bakeri]

Key to aphids on Amsinckia:-

- Dorsal body (including front of head and ANT I –II) bearing numerous hairs with fan-shaped or capitate apices, and arising from tuberculate bases. R IV+V extremely long, thin and tapering, 1.75-2.0 × HT II ......Pleotrichophorus amsinckii

- Dorsal body hairs not fan-shaped or capitate, R IV+V not very long and thin

.....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Amsonia Apocynaceae

Amsonia tabernaemontana Aphis fabae, nasturtii

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Amygdalus see Prunus Rosaceae

Amygdalus dulcis = Prunus amygdalus

A. ledebouriana = Prunus nana

A. pedunculata Brachycaudus prunicola

Anabasis Amaranthaceae

Anabasis aphylla Brachyunguis salsolacearum

A. salsa Aphis craccivora

Use key to apterae on Salsola.

Anacampseros Portulacaceae

Anacampseros telephiastrum Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972a: 98)

Anacamptis Orchidaceae

Anacamptis coriophora Aphis fabae

A. pyramidalis Aulacorthum solani

Use key to aphids on orchids under Cymbidium.

Anacantha Asteraceae

Anacantha darwasica Dysaphis kadyrovi

Anacardium Anacardiaceae

Anacardium occidentale Aphis aurantii, gossypii, odinae, spiraecola;

Brachyunguis harmalae

Key to aphids on Anacardium:-

- ANT PT/BASE a little less than 1.0 .....Brachyunguis harmalae

- ANT PT/BASE much more than 1.0 .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Anacheilium see Epidendrum Orchidaceae

Anacyclus Asteraceae

Anacyclus clavatus Aphis fabae; Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi;

Macrosiphoniella tapuskae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus persicae; Protaphis terricola

A. radiatus Macrosiphoniella tapuskae

A. valentinus Protaphis terricola

Key to apterae on Anacyclus:-

1 ANT PT/BASE 0.7-1.4 …..Protaphis terricola

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5 …..2

2 Cauda short and rounded, not longer than its basal width. Spiracular apertures large and rounded …..3

- Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, distinctly longer than its basal width. Spiracular apertures reniform …..4

3 Abdomen with a extensive dark dorsal shield. SIPH dark, imbricated, 2.1-3.4 × cauda. Mesosternum with a pair of dark mammariform processes …..Brachycaudus cardui

- Abdomen without dark sclerotisation. SIPH pale, smooth, 0.9-1.5 × cauda. Mesosternum without mammariform processes …..Brachycaudus helichrysi

4 SIPH with subapical polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles well-developed, smooth and with inner faces divergent …..5

- SIPH without polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles weakly developed, or if well-developed then scabrous and with inner faces apically convergent …..6

5 SIPH very thin, thinner in middle region than hind tibiae, darker distally, with trumpet-shaped apices …..Macrosiphoniella tapuskae

- SIPH thicker than hind tibiae at midlength, with only slightly flared, dusky apices

…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

6 SIPH and cauda black. SIPH cylindrical/tapering. Head smooth, with ANT tubercles weakly developed …..Aphis fabae

- SIPH and cauda mainly pale. SIPH slightly clavate. Head spiculose with ANT tubercles scabrous and apically convergent …..Myzus persicae

Anagallis Pimpernels Primulaceae

Anagallis arvensis Aphis aurantii, craccivora, fabae, frangulae, gossypii,

nasturtii, nerii, [sambuci], solanella;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ascalonicus, [certus], ornatus, persicae

A.collina Aphis fabae

A. linifolia = A. monelli

A. monelli Aphis fabae, nerii; Aulacorthum solani;

Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae

A. tenella Aphis nerii

Anagallis sp. [Anuraphis subterranea? (Theobald 1927; possible

confusion of “Pimpernel” and Pimpinella?)]

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Anagyris Fabaceae

Anagyris foetida Aphis craccivora

Ananas Bromeliaceae

Ananas comosus [Hyalopterus pruni (vagrant)]

(No polyphagous aphids have been recorded from pineapple.)

Anaphalioides Asteraceae

Anaphalioides bellidioides Aulacorthum solani; Myzus cymbalariae, ornatus

Anaphalis Asteraceae

Anaphalis araneosa = A. busua

A. busua Brachycaudus helichrysi; [Dysaphis atina];

Oedisiphum compositarum

A. cinnomomea = A. margaritacea

A. contorta Aphis fabae, gossypii, spiraecola; Brachycaudus helichrysi

A. luteoalbum (?) Brachycaudus helichrysi

A. margaritacea Aphis fabae, [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1964: 95)];

Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi;

[Capitophorus formosartemisiae];

Illinoia richardsi, richardsi ssp. pacifica;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus;

Uroleucon idahoense, russellae

A. nepalensis Aphis gossypii; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Uroleucon budhium

A. subalpina = A. margaritacea

A. subumbellata Oedisiphum soureni

A. triplinervis Aphis gossypii; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Indomasonaphis anaphalidis;

Oedisiphum compositarum, soureni

A. velutina [Macrosiphoniella pseudoartemisiae]

A. viscida Brachycaudus helichrysi

A. yedoensis = A. margaritacea

Anaphalis sp. [Uroleucon erigeronense]

Key to aphids on Anaphalis:-

1 Tergum with extensive dark sclerotisation. R IV+V 0.17-0.24 mm long, 0.65-2.0 × SIPH and 1.4-2.6 × cauda. Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its maximum width .....2

- Tergum mainly membranous. R IV+V relatively and often actually shorter. Cauda variable

.….4

2 SIPH 0.10-0.15 × BL and 0.9-1.5 × R IV+V. ANT PT 1.4-2.2 × R IV+V. Spiracular apertures rounded .....Brachycaudus cardui

- SIPH 0.07-0.10 × BL and 0.5-0.7 × R IV+V. ANT PT 0.9-1.1 × R IV+V. Spiracular apertures reniform .....3

3 Longest hairs on ANT III 12-15 μm, shorter than ANT BD III, and longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 15-36 μm, less than 2 × ANT BD III …..Oedisiphum compositarum

- Longest hairs on ANT III 18-21 μm, as long as or longer than ANT BD III, and longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 50-60 μm, more than 2 × ANT BD III …..Oedisphum soureni

4 ANT tubercles undeveloped. SIPH cylindrical or tapering, only 0.05-0.25 × BL

.….go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 15

- ANT tubercles well developed. SIPH 0.20-0.45 × BL (0.25-0.45 if dark and cylindrical or tapering) .....5

5 SIPH clearly clavate, with greatest diameter on distal half more than twice the least diameter of the ‘stem’ (Fig.34a). Cauda about 0.12 × BL and bearing 25-32 hairs

.….Indomasonaphis anaphalidis

- SIPH cylindrical or tapering, if slightly swollen then maximum diameter at swelling less than 1.5 × that of the ‘stem’. Cauda often longer, but if only about 0.12 × BL then with only 5-13 hairs; otherwise 0.15-0.25 × BL and bearing 7-23 hairs ..…6

6 ANT III without rhinaria (apt). ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.5. SIPH tapering, with a slight “S” curve, without any distal polygonal reticulation. Dorsal abdomen with an intersegmental pattern of dark ornamentation .….Myzus ornatus

- ANT III (of apt) bearing 1-56 rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 4.9-7.0. SIPH tapering or slightly curved, and with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Dorsum either pale or with small dark spots (scleroites) at bases of dorsal hairs …..7

7 Dorsum pale. SIPH pale at base or entirely brown, reticulated over distal 0.06-0.35. Cauda bearing 7-14 hairs. R IV+V 0.8-1.7 × HT II …..8

- Dorsal abdomen with at least some hairs arising from dark scleroites. SIPH black and reticulated over distal 0.15-0.37. Cauda bearing 12-23 hairs. R IV+V 1.8-2.3 × HT II ..…10

8 SIPH swollen on apical half and reticulated over distal 0.05-0.07. Cauda bearing 7 hairs .….Illinoia richardsi

- SIPH cylindrical or tapering and reticulated over distal 0.12-0.35. Cauda bearing 8-14 hairs

.….9

9 ANT III with 1-7 rhinaria on basal 0.33. SIPH reticulated over distal 0.12-0.25

..…Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- ANT III with 33-39 rhinaria extending over 0.67 of length. SIPH reticulated over about distal 0.33 .….Uroleucon idahoense

10 SIPH 1.8-2.3 × cauda and reticulated over distal 0.15-0.21. Cauda 2.5-3.5 × HT II

.….Uroleucon budhium

- SIPH 1.5-1.8 × cauda and reticulated over distal 0.23-0.37. Cauda 3.5-4.5 × HT II

..…Uroleucon russellae

Ancathia Asteraceae

Ancathia igniaria Protaphis ancathiae

Anchusa Boraginaceae

Anchusa arvensis Aphis fabae

A. azurea Aphis fabae, gossypii, symphyti, Aphis sp. (Italy; Cocuzza

et al. 2014);

Brachycaudus bicolor, helichrysi, iranicus, mordvilkoi,

virgatus;

Geoica anchusae

A. barrelieri = Cynoglottis barrelieri

A. capensis Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus, persicae; Ovatomyzus boraginacearum

A. gmelinii Brachycaudus virgatus

A. italica = Anchusa azurea

A. myosotidiflora = Brunnera macrophylla

A. officinalis Aphis fabae, gossypii, symphyti,

[Aphis sp. (Davletshina 1964)] ;

[Uroleucon jaceae];

Brachycaudus bicolor, cardui, helichrysi, mordvilkoi,

virgatus;

Myzus persicae

A. pseudochroleuca Brachycaudus virgatus

A. pusilla Brachycaudus helichrysi

A. sempervirens = Pentaglottis sempervirens

A. strigosa Brachycaudus iranicus; Myzus persicae

A. undulata Brachycaudus bicolor

Anchusa spp. Macrosiphum symphyti; Neomyzus circumflexus

Key to aphids on Anchusa and Symphytum:-

1 ANT PT/BASE much less than 1. Dorsal hairs with expanded, usually spatulate apices. SIPH absent .....Geoica anchusae

- ANT PT/BASE much more than 1. Dorsal hairs not spatulate. SIPH present .....2

2 ANT tubercles undeveloped or weakly developed, not projecting beyond middle of frons in dorsal view .....3

- ANT tubercles well developed ….12

3 Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width in dorsal view. Spiracles large and rounded

.....4

- Cauda tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width in dorsal view. Spiracles reniform (i.e., apertures partially covered by sclerites) .....9

4 SIPH pale or slightly dusky, less than 1.5 × cauda. R IV+V 1.2-1.3 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen without dark sclerotization .....Brachycaudus helichrysi

- SIPH pale, dusky or dark, more than 1.8 × cauda. R IV+V 1.3-2.0 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen with variably developed dark sclerotization .....5

5 Dorsal abdomen with a solid black shield extending over the whole of ABD TERG 1-6 (Plate 00). ANT IV usually longer than (0.9-1.5 X) R IV+V. Never with spinal tubercles (STu) .....6

- Dorsal abdomen with less extensive dark sclerotization, or if there is an extensive solid black shield then ANT IV is usually shorter than (0.4-1.1 X) R IV+V, and STu are usually present on ABD TERG 7 .....7

6 Longest hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 60-110 μm long. Genital plate with 25-42 hairs, of which 8-17 are on the anterior half. ANT III usually without rhinaria. (Al. with 21-35 rhinaria on ANT III and usually without, rarely with 1-2, on IV) …..Brachycaudus cardui

- Longest hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 10-16 μm long. Genital plate with 16-23 hairs of which 2-5 are on anterior half. ANT III usually with 1-12 rhinaria. (Al. with 12-16 rhinaria on ANT III, and 2-3 on IV …..Brachycaudus mordvilkoi

7 Dorsal abdomen with a subrectangular or suboval black patch with irregular lateral borders, centred on ABD TERG 2-4 (Fig. 9a). ANT PT/BASE 3.9-5.0. Longest hairs on ANT III more than 0.8 × BD III. Without STu .....Brachycaudus iranicus

- Dorsal abdomen with transverse sclerotic bars or paired patches, rarely fused between tergites or, if more extensively sclerotised (bicolor) then ABD TERG 7 usually has STu (Fig. 9b). ANT PT/BASE 2.5-4.5. Longest hairs on ANT III less than 0.4 × BD III .....8

8 Broad, flat marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 1-7 or1-6, the more anterior ones much larger than the spiracles and occupying almost the whole of the sclerites on which they are placed (Fig. 9b). ABD TERG 7 often, and 6-8 sometimes, with STu. ANT III 1.7-2.3 × ANT IV .....Brachycaudus bicolor

- MTu irregularly present on ABD TERG 2-4, sometimes also on 1 and/or 5, but never on 6 and 7, and generally smaller than the spiracles. No STu. ANT III 1.2-1.7 × ANT IV

.....Brachycaudus virgatus

9 SIPH and cauda both black, the latter bearing 11-24 hairs. Dorsal abdomen usually with at least some dark markings anterior to SIPH, and always with well-developed dark cross bands on ABD TERG 7 and 8 .....Aphis fabae

- Cauda usually paler than SIPH (sometimes black in spring), and bearing 4-8 hairs. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings anterior to SIPH (except in alatiform specimens), and with or without cross bands on ABD TERG 7 and 8 .....10

10 Cauda black and bearing 5-7 hairs ..…Aphis sp. (2^nd generation symphyti)

- Cauda paler than SIPH …..11

11 R IV+V 0.12-0.16 mm (more than 0.135 mm in large specimens with SIPH 0.33-0.38mm)

.….Aphis symphyti

- R IV+V 0.075-0.135 mm, but only more than 0.12 mm in large specimens (SIPH 0.33-0.44 mm) .. …Aphis gossypii

12 SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation …..13

- SIPH without any distinct subapical polygonal reticulation …..14

13 R IV+V 0.82-1.02 × HT II, and bearing 8-11 accessory hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 6-8 hairs, maximally 21-37 μm long …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- R IV+V 1.15-1.33 × HT II, and bearing 14-17 accessory hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 7-12 hairs, 57-95 μm long …..Macrosiphum symphyti

14 SIPH slightly swollen subapically, narrowing to a slight constriction before flange. PT 1.45-2.3 × ANT III. Cuticle of front of head and ANT tubercles is smooth

......Ovatomyzus boraginacearum

- SIPH variable, but if slightly swollen subapically then PT 0.8-1.4 × ANT III, and cuticle of front of head and ANT tubercles is spiculose or rugose

.....go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 4

Ancistrophyllum see Laccosperma Arecaceae

Andira Fabaceae

Andira inermis Aphis craccivora

(incl. A. jamaicensis)

Andrachne Euphorbiaceae

Andrachne cordifolia = Leptopus cordifolius

Andromeda Bog-Rosemary Ericaceae

Andromeda calyculata = Chamaedaphne calyculata

A. glaucophylla Aphis vaccinii; Illinoia andromedae

A. polifolia [Acyrthosiphon sp. aff. knechteli]

Aphis vaccinii; [Aulacorthum flavum];

Ericaphis latifrons, scammelli;

Illinoia azaleae, [lambersi]; Macrosiphum nasonovi

Andromeda sp. [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1964: 95)]

Key to aphids on Andromeda:-

1 SIPH black, about as long as the equally dark cauda. Dorsum with a variably developed pattern of dark sclerites. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu) .....Aphis vaccinii

- SIPH pale or dusky, 1.4 or more times longer than the pale cauda. Dorsum without dark markings. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu .....2

2 SIPH 1.4-2.0 × cauda, often with some subapical reticulation but never more than 2-3 rows of closed cells. ANT PT/BASE 1.9-3.8. ANT tubercles weakly to moderately developed, with median frontal tubercle developed almost to same extent. ANT III without rhinaria …..3

- SIPH 1.9-2.5 × cauda, with at least 4-5 rows of subapical polygonal reticulation. ANT PT/BASE 4-6. ANT tubercles well-developed, but median frontal tubercle low or undeveloped. Rhinaria present on ANT III …..4

3 ANT PT/BASE 2.3-3.8. SIPH with a small flange …..Ericaphis scammelli

- ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.2. SIPH with a very large flange …..Ericaphis latifrons

4 SIPH cylindrical on distal part, with reticulated subapical region not narrower. R IV+V shorter than HT II and bearing 5-7 accessory hairs. Hairs on ANT III mostly longer than 0.5 × BD III .....Macrosiphum nasonovi

- SIPH swollen on distal part, narrowing to reticulated subapical region. R IV+V longer than HT II, and bearing 10-12 accessory hairs. Hairs on ANT III all or mostly shorter than 0.5 × BD III .....5

5 Posterior cephalic hairs 22-30 μm long. Longest hairs on ANT III are 0.33-0.75 × BD III

…..Illinoia andromedae

- Posterior cephalic hairs 6-19 μm long. Longest hairs on ANT III are 0.2-0.25 × BD III

..…Illinoia azaleae

Andropogon Poaceae

Andropogon abyssinicus Schizaphis graminum; Sitobion graminis

A. aciculatus = Chrysopogon aciculatus

A. annulatus = Dichanthium annulatum

A. bicolor = Sorghum bicolor

A. bicornis Hysteroneura setariae

A. caricosus = Dichanthium caricosum

A. cernuus Schizaphis graminum

A. contortus = Heteropogon contortus

A. durus = Saccharum strictum

A. effusum (?) Schizaphis graminum; Sipha maydis

A. elongatum = Chrysopogon elongatus

A. gayanus Aphis gossypii

A. gerardii Schizaphis graminum; Sitobion avenae

A. glomeratus Hysteroneura setariae; Tetraneura fusiformis

A. gracilis Tetraneura fusiformis

A. gryllus = Chrysopogon gryllus

A. hallii Tetraneura fusiformis

A. hirtus = Hyparrhenia hirta

A. intermedius = Bothriochloa bladhii

A. ischaemum = Bothriochloa ischaemum

A. lividus Sitobion graminis

A. nardus = Cymbopogon nardus

A. pertusus = Bothriochloa pertusa

A. scoparius = Schizachyrium scoparium

A. reinoldii = A. glomeratus

A. tectorum Tetraneura fusiformis

Andropogon spp. Atheroides hirtellus; Forda orientalis; Geoica sp.;

Pseudoregma panicola; Sitobion miscanthi, yakini

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Androsace Rock-Jasmine Primulaceae

Androsace alpina Nasonovia brevipes

A. sarmentosa Aulacorthum solani

A. sempervivoides Thecabius (Parathecabius) auriculae

Androsace sp. Myzus ornatus

Key to apterae on Androsace:-

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 0.3. SIPH absent …..Thecabius (Parathecabius) auriculae

- ANT PT/BASE 2.4-5.7. SIPH present, tubular …..2

2 ANT III with 22-26, IV with 7-9 rhinaria. SIPH c.3 × HT II. Cuticle of head not spiculose, with inner faces of ANT tubercles smooth and divergent …..Nasonovia brevipes

- Without that combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Andryala Asteraceae

Andryala glandulosa ssp. Nasonovia ribisnigri; [Uroleucon picridis]

cheiranthifolia

A. integrifolia Aphis fabae, gossypii, pernilleae;

Aulacorthum solani; Hyperomyzus lactucae;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae;

Nasonovia ribisnigri; Protaphis terricola;

Uroleucon [cichorii], mierae, [picridis]

A. pinnatifida Brachycaudus helichrysi; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Nasonovia ribisnigri; Uroleucon mierae

A. ragusina Aphis fabae, pernilleae;

Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi;

Nasonovia ribisinigri; Protaphis terricola;

Uroleucon [cichorii], mierae

A. sinuata = A. integrifolia

A. varia = A. glandulosa ssp. cheiranthifolia

Key to aphids on Andryala:-

1 Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width in dorsal view, with 5-8 hairs. Spiracular apertures broadly rounded …..2

- Cauda tongue- or finger-like, longer than basal width, or if short and bluntly triangular then with 10 or more hairs. Spiracular apertures reniform