HOST LISTS and KEYS

1 Body dorsoventrally flattened, elongate oval with dorsum wholly sclerotic, with a crenulate margin due to a continuous ring of wax glands. Eyes 3-facetted, SIPH poriform, cauda knobbed and anal plate bilobed .....Aleurodaphis blumeae

- Dorsum not wholly sclerotic, no marginal wax glands. Eyes compound, SIPH tubular, cauda tongue-shaped, anal plate entire .....2

2 SIPH black, swollen into a spindle shape on distal two-thirds. Cauda triangular

.....Rhopalosiphoninus tiliae

- SIPH pale or dark, not swollen. Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped .....3

3 SIPH wholly dark, with distal polygonal reticulation that extends over distal 0.3-0.4 .....4

- SIPH pale at least basally, with any polygonal reticulation not extending beyond distal 0.2

.....5

4 ANT III with 11-18 secondary rhinaria. R IV+V 1.8-2.4 × HT II

.....Uroleucon adenocaulonae

- ANT III with 46-51 secondary rhinaria. R IV+V 1.4-1.6 × HT II .....Uroleucon amigoi

5 SIPH with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.13-0.2. R IV with 7-10 accessory hairs. Thoracic spiracular pores similar in size to abdominal ones .....Macrosiphum euphorbiae

- SIPH without distal polygonal reticulation. R IV with 22-30 accessory hairs. Thoracic spiracular pores much larger than abdominal ones .....Nasonovia rostrata

Adenodolichos Fabaceae

Adenodolichos punctatus Aphis craccivora

Adenophora Campanulaceae

Adenophora coronopifolia = A. gmelinii

A. curvidens = A. pereskiifolia

A. gmelinii Uroleucon tryphyllae

A. liliifolia [Acyrthosiphon ilka]; Tshernovaia adenophorae

A. marsupiflora = A. stenanthina

A. pereskiifolia Uroleucon kikioense, [cephalonopli], [gobonis], triphyllae

A. stenanthina Tshernovaia adenophorae;

Uroleucon adenophorae, triphyllae

A. thunbergiana = A. triphylla

A. triphylla Uroleucon adenophorae, triphyllae

(incl. var. japonica)

A. verticillata = A. triphylla

Key to aphids on Adenophora:-

N.B. All the aphids keyed below have numerous rhinaria on ANT III of apterae, dorsal hairs arising from small dark scleroites, and dark SIPH with distal polygonal reticulation.

1 Cauda with a remarkable bipartite structure, the base being broadly conical, with an abrupt transition to a very thin, somewhat twisted, hairless distal section (Fig. 7a). Anal plate with a cauda-like posterior projection .....Tshernovaia adenophorae

- Cauda finger-like, cylindrical or tapering gradually from base to apex .....2

2 Cauda pale. R IV+V c.0.7 × HT II, and with only 2 accessory hairs .....Uroleucon kikioense*

- Cauda dark. R IV+V 1.0-1.3 × HT II, with 7 or more accessory hairs .....3

3 SIPH 1.0-1.2 × cauda, which has most of distal half almost parallel-sided or slightly swollen, and a rather abruptly pointed or rounded apex (Fig.7b). ANT PT/BASE 2.8-5.1. BL 2.5-3.2 mm .....Uroleucon triphyllae

- SIPH 1.5-2.0 × cauda, which has distal half tapering and a narrow, acuminate apex (Fig.7c). ANT PT/BASE 5.0-5.5. BL 3.7-4.3 mm .....Uroleucon adenophorae

Adenostemma Asteraceae

Adenostemma perrottetii Aphis gossypii

A. viscosum Aphis fabae, solanella

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Adenostyles (= Cacalia Kunze nec. L.) Asteraceae

Adenostyles albida = A. alliariae

A. alliariae (incl. albida, Anuraphis farfarae;

albifrons, hirsuta) Aphis cacaliasteris, fabae, solanella,

[Aphis sp. near viburni];

Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi; Capitophorus similis;

[Ovatus inulae]

A. alliariae ssp. hybrida = A. leucophylla

A. alpina (incl. australis, glabra, Anuraphis farfarae; Aphis cacaliasteris;

viridis) Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi; Capitophorus similis

A. australis (= A. alpina ssp. australis)

A. glabra = A. alpina

A. leucophylla Aphis solanella; Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi

A. platyphylloides Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi, virgatus

A. viridis = A. alpina

Key to aphids on Adenostyles:-

1 Dorsal hairs long with capitate apices, and arising from tuberculate bases. SIPH 3.7-5.0 × cauda …..Capitophorus similis

- Dorsal hairs short, or long with pointed apices, without tuberculate bases. SIPH much shorter

…..2

2 Cauda black, tongue-shaped, as long as its basal width or longer ..…3

- Cauda pale or dark, helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width. ..…4

3 ANT (of apt.) usually with rhinaria on III and IV, those on ANT III being mostly on distal half of segment. Tibiae dark .....Aphis cacaliasteris

- ANT (of apt.) without rhinaria on III and IV. Tibiae mainly pale

.....Aphis fabae group (incl. solanella)

4 SIPH dark, with close-set rows of small spinules. ANT (of apt.) with 6-19 rhinaria clustered on swollen basal half of ANT III .....Anuraphis farfarae

- SIPH pale or dusky, without rows of small spinules. ANT (of apt.) without rhinaria on ANT III and IV ..…5

5 SIPH pale or slightly dusky, less than 1.5 × cauda. R IV+V 1.2-1.3 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen without dark sclerotization .....Brachycaudus helichrysi

- SIPH dusky or dark, more than 1.8 × cauda. R IV+V 1.3-2.0 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen with variably developed dark sclerotization .....6

6 Dorsal abdomen with a solid black shield extending over the whole of ABD TERG 1-6. Genital plate with 25-42 hairs, of which 8-17 are on the anterior half. ANT IV usually longer than (0.9-1.5 ×) R IV+V. Never with spinal tubercles (STu) .....Brachycaudus cardui

- Dorsal abdomen usually with less extensive dark sclerotization, if extensive then genital plate only has 12-32 hairs, of which only 2-5 are on anterior half, ANT IV is usually shorter than (0.4-1.1 ×) R IV+V, and STu frequently present on ABD TERG 7

.....Brachycaudus virgatus

Adesmia Fabaceae

Adesmia atacamensis Aphis acuminata

A. boronioides Aphis adesmiae, zapalina;

Uroleucon australe, naheulhaupense

A. obovata Aphis mendocina

A. papposa Aphis argentina, biobiensis, difabioae, talcensis

A. pinifolia Aphis mendocina

A. renjifoanae Aphis renjifoanae

A. viscida Aphis biobiensis

Adesmia sp(p). Aphis acuminata, craccivora, [Aphis sp. (see Nieto Nafría et al. 2021b)];

Uroleucon adesmiae

Key to apterae on Adesmia:-

1 ANT PT/BASE 3.2-4.9, and with 2-15 small secondary rhinaria on ANT III. SIPH with some (often rather indistinct) subapical polygonal reticulation …..2

- ANT PT/BASE 0.9-2.5, and without secondary rhinaria (except in alatiform specimens). SIPH without any subapical polygonal reticulation …..4

2 Antennae pale except for PT and apical parts of ANT III-IV BASE. R IV+V with 10-15 accessory hairs. Cauda with 10-15 hairs. Subgenital plate with 2-5 anterior (discal) hairs

…..Uroleucon adesmiae

- Antennae mainly dark except for basal part of ANT III. R IV+V with 6-10 accessory hairs. Cauda with 17-41 hairs. Subgenital plate with 8-20 anterior (discal) hairs …..3

3 SIPH not flared at apex. Cauda with 17-29 hairs .....Uroleucon nahuelhuapense*

- SIPH slightly flared (trumpet-shaped) at apex. Cauda with 26-41 hairs

.....Uroleucon australe*

4 R IV+V with 4 or more accessory hairs (occasionally 3) .....Aphis argentina*

- R IV+V with only 2 accessory hairs (exceptionally 3) .....5

5 ABD TERG 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu). (MTu on prothorax and ABD TERG 1-4 very large) .....Aphis difabioae*

- ABD TERG 7 with MTu .....6

6 R IV+V 0.17-0.21 mm, 1.35-1.63 × HT II .....Aphis zapalina*

- R IV+V 0.10-0.16 mm, 0.87-1.36 × HT II .....7

7 Dorsal abdomen membranous or with only scattered small sclerites anterior to SIPH .....8

- Dorsal abdomen usually with extensive sclerotisation, if reduced then at least with a sclerite on ABD TERG 8 .....9

8 SIPH pale at base and progressively darker towards apices, ornamented distally with rows of small spinules. ANT PT/BASE 0.95-1.2 .....Aphis renjifoanae*

- SIPH dark over entire length. ANT PT/BASE 1.2-1.6 .....Aphis talcensis*

9 Dorsum with segmentally divided dark bands, sometimes partially coalesced, often reduced or fragmented. SIPH with coarse imbrication .....Aphis biobiensis

- Dorsum with an extensive dark or dusky sclerotic patch, not divided into segmental bands, but sometimes fragmented. SIPH with normal or finely spiculose imbrication .....10

10 Cauda with 11-22 hairs. Dorsal body hairs thick, blunt and conspicuous. SIPH with ornamentation of fine spicules arranged in short rows .....Aphis adesmiae

- Cauda with 4-13 hairs. Dorsal body hairs fine, blunt or pointed, inconspicuous. SIPH with normal imbrication .....11

11 Longest hair on ANT III 0.3-0.8 × BD III. Longest marginal hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 8-15 µm and longest on ABD TERG 8 are 10-23 µm. Cauda with 4-9 hairs .....Aphis craccivora

- Longest hair on ANT III 0.6-1.4 × BD III. Longest marginal hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 18-45 µm, longest on ABD TERG 8 are 20-65 µm. Cauda with 7-13 hairs .....12

12 Cauda pointed at apex, with 7-8 hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 2 hairs .....Aphis acuminata*

- Cauda rounded at apex, with 5-13 hairs, usually 8-11. ABD TERG 8 usually with 3-4 hairs

.....Aphis mendocina*

(If outcome is inconclusive then try key to apterae on Adesmia in Nieto Nafría et al. 2021b.)

Adhatoda Acanthaceae

Adhatoda vasica Aphis aurantii, spiraecola, [Aphis sp. near salviae (Swirski & Amitai 2001) = craccivora?];

[Coloradoa artemisicola]

Adiantum Maidenhead Ferns Adiantaceae

Adiantum aethiopicum Idiopterus nephrelepidis

A. capillus-veneris Aulacorthum solani; Idiopterus nephrelepidis;

Neomyzus circumflexus

A. caudatum Micromyzella judenkoi; Micromyzodium dasi, filicium

A. cordatum Micromyzus niger; Myzus persicae

A. cristatum (?) Aphis spiraecola

A. cuneipinulum Micromyzodium filicium

A. deflectens Idiopterus nephrelepidis

A. edgeworthii Idiopterus nephrelepidis

A. glareosum = A. deflectens

A. hispidulum Idiopterus nephrelepidis

A. pedatum Idiopterus nephrelepidis; Papulaphis sleesmani;

Macrosiphum adianti

A. poiretii Idiopterus nephrelepidis

A. raddianum Aphis nerii; Idiopterus nephrelepidis;

Macrosiphum walkeri; Micromyzodium filicium

A. subcordatum Micromyzus niger

A. tenerum Aphis nerii; Idiopterus nephrelepidis

A. thalictroides = A. poiretii

A. tinctum = A. raddianum

A. trapeziforme Idiopterus nephrelepidis; Neomyzus circumflexus

Adiantum spp. Macrosiphum rebecae; Micromyzella sleonensis

Use key to apterae of fern-feeding aphids under Polypodium.

Adina Rubiaceae

Adina microcephala Aphis gossypii

Adina sp. Aphis spiraecola

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Adonidia Arecaceae

Adonidia merrillii [Aphis craccivora]

(or use key to aphids on palms under Calamus)

Adonis Ranunculaceae

Adonis aestivalis Aphis fabae; Aulacorthum solani

A. vernalis Aphis montanicola;

Aphis (Debilisiphon) sp. (Bozhko 1976a, 99)

Adonis sp. Aphis gossypii

Key to aphids on Adonis:-

1 SIPH shorter than cauda. ANT III (of apt.) with about 6 rhinaria, and IV with 1-2

..…Aphis (Debilisiphon) sp.

- SIPH usually longer than cauda. ANT III (of apt.) with 0-2 rhinaria, and IV with 0

.….go to key to apterae on Anemone

Adoxa Adoxaceae

Adoxa moschatellina Hyadaphis foeniculi (see Wojciechowski et al. 2016)

Aechmea Bromeliaceae

Aechmea fulgens Myzus persicae

A. nudicaulis [Sitobion luteum]

Aegilops Poaceae

Aegilops bicornis Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Sitobion avenae

A. biuncialis Melanaphis pyraria; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Rhopalosiphum padi; Sipha elegans; Sitobion avenae

A. caudata Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Sipha elegans; Sitobion avenae

A. columnaris Sitobion avenae

A. comosa Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Sitobion avenae

A. crassa Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Sipha elegans; Sitobion avenae

A. cylindrica Anoecia corni; Diuraphis noxia; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Rhopalosiphum padi; Schizaphis graminum, phlei, rufula;

Sipha elegans, glyceriae, maydis

A. geniculata Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Schizaphis graminum; Sipha elegans; Sitobion avenae

A. juvenalis Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Sitobion avenae

A. kotschyi Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Sipha elegans; Sitobion avenae

A. longissima Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Sipha maydis; Sitobion avenae

A. lorentii Sipha elegans

A. markgrafii = A. caudata

A. mutica Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Sitobion avenae

A. neglecta Metopolophium dirhodum; Sipha elegans; Sitobion avenae

A. ovata Aphis gossypii

A. peregrina Forda formicaria; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Rhopalosiphum padi; Sipha maydis; Sitobion avenae

A. searsii Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Sitobion avenae

A. speltoides Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Sitobion avenae

A. squarrosa = A. triuncialis

A. tauschii Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Sipha elegans; Sitobion avenae

A. triuncialis Diuraphis noxia; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Rhopalosiphum padi; Schizaphis graminum;

Sipha elegans, maydis; Sitobion avenae, fragariae

A. umbellulata Metopolophium dirhodum; Sipha elegans; Sitobion avenae

A. ventricosa Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Sipha elegans; Sitobion avenae

Aegilops sp. Anoecia vagans

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Aegle Rutaceae

Aegle marmelos Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Aegopodium Goutweed, Bishop’s Weed Apiaceae

Aegopodium alpestre Cavariella aegopodii;

Dysaphis foeniculus, [hirsutissima], [malidauci], sibirica

A. podagraria Anuraphis subterranea

Aphis [brohmeri], fabae, fabae ssp. cirsiiacanthoidis,

grosmannae, podagrariae, sambuci, subnitida;

Aulacorthum aegopodii, solani;

Cavariella aegopodii, [archangelicae], theobaldi;

Dysaphis crataegi, newskyi ssp. mamontovae, sibirica;

Hyadaphis foeniculi; [Macrosiphum gei, stellariae];

Myzus [ascalonicus], ornatus; Pemphigus sp.;

Semiaphis anthrisci, dauci, [heraclei], pimpinellae, [sphondylii];

Smynthurodes betae

A. tadshikorum Cavariella aegopodii; Dysaphis foeniculus

Aegopodium spp. Pemphigus passeki; Dysaphis crataegi ssp. aethusae

Key to aphids on Aegopodium:-

1 ANT PT/BASE much less than 0.5 .....2

- ANT PT/BASE more than 0.5 .....3

2 Body and appendages conspicuously hairy. Primary rhinaria with naked, sclerotic rims. ANT II elongate, about 2 × ANT I and similar in length to ANT III. Anus in posterio-dorsal position, with anal plate enlarged and surrounded on 3 sides by the U-shaped ABD TERG 8

.....Smynthurodes betae (Plate 2f)

- Body and appendages with sparse, short hairs. Primary rhinaria with ciliated rims. ANT II not elongate, not much longer than ANT I and much shorter than III. Anus in normal posterio-ventral position .....Pemphigus sp(p).

3 ABD TERG 8 with a medial process projecting backward above the cauda .....4

- No supracaudal process .....5

4 SIPH clavate. ANT PT/BASE less than 1.5 .....Cavariella aegopodii

- SIPH tapering from base to flange. ANT PT/BASE more than 2 .....Cavariella theobaldi

5 SIPH very small and flangeless, only about 0.5 × cauda, with aperture slanted towards

mid-line of body .....6

- SIPH more than 0.75 × cauda .....8

6 ABD TERG 1-4 usually with a total of at least 2-4 (range 0-7, mean 3.2) marginal tubercles (MTu), in addition to those consistently present on ABD TERG 5. Genital plate with a total of 13-21 (mostly 16-19) hairs. (Al. with ANT PT/BASE 4.0-5.0) .....Semiaphis anthrisci

- ABD TERG 1-4 usually with a total of only 0-1 MTu (range 0-7, means 0.3-0.9), in addition to those consistently present on ABD TERG 5. Genital plate with a total of 9-17 (-20) hairs. (Al. with ANT PT/BASE 2.4-4.4, but rarely more than 3.9) .....7

7 Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 8-25 μm (mostly 12-20 μm). Genital plate with 13-20 (mostly 14-17) hairs. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.5. (Al. with ANT PT/BASE 2.4-3.4 and sec. rhin. distributed III 16-23, IV 1-5, V 0-1) .....Semiaphis dauci

- Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 15-47 μm (mostly 18-30 μm). Genital plate with 9-20 (but mostly 11-13) hairs. ANT PT/BASE (1.8-) 2.2-3.2. (Al. with ANT PT/BASE 3.1-3.9 (-4.4) and sec. rhin. distributed III 16-59, IV 2-12 V 0-4) .....Semiaphis pimpinellae

8 Cauda short and broad, rounded or helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width in dorsal view

.....9

- Cauda tongue-shaped, at least as long as its basal width in dorsal view .....12

9 SIPH with 30-40 densely packed rows of small nodules. Cauda with 9-13 hairs

.....Anuraphis subterranea

- SIPH with normal imbrication. Cauda with 5-7 hairs .....10

10 ANT III and IV (of aptera) with rhinaria .....Dysaphis newskyi ssp. mamontovae

- ANT III and IV without rhinaria …..11

11 Longest hairs on ANT III not exceeding BD III .....Dysaphis crataegi group

- Longest hairs on ANT III 2.6-3.9 × BD III …..Dysaphis sibirica

12 SIPH clavate, 0.8-1.4 × cauda and 0.1-0.2 × BL. R IV+V 0.7-1.05 × HT II

…..Hyadaphis foeniculi

- SIPH cylindrical or tapering on distal half, usually more that 1.4 × cauda; if shorter, then much less than 0.1 × BL, and R IV+V 0.95-1.5 × HT II …..13

13 ANT tubercles well developed, their inner faces parallel or convergent in dorsal view. SIPH and cauda mainly pale. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) .....14

- ANT tubercles weakly developed. SIPH and cauda black. ABD TERG 1 and 7 always with MTu .…15

14 Dorsal abdomen with a pattern of dark intersegmental ornamentation. ANT tubercles with inner faces convergent in dorsal view. SIPH with a slight “S”-curve ....Myzus ornatus

- Dorsal abdomen without any dark markings. ANT tubercles with inner faces parallel in dorsal view. SIPH straight .....Aulacorthum solani (or A. aegopodii – see text)

15 ABD TERG 2-4 with large flat marginal tubercles (MTu), 33-50 μm in diameter. SIPH 2-3 × cauda …..Aphis sambuci

- ABD TERG 2-4 with MTu if present papilliform and with diameter 15-35 μm. SIPH often less than 2 × cauda .…16

16 Dorsal body and appendages with short hairs; those on ANT III 7-15 μm long, much shorter than BD III. ABD TERG 2-4 often with MTu ….17

- Dorsal body and appendages bearing longer hairs; those on ANT III 24-75 μm long, usually as long as or longer than BD III. ABD TERG 2-4 only sporadically with MTu …..18

17 ANT III (of apt.) 1.6-2.0 × SIPH, and bearing rhinaria .....Aphis subnitida

- ANT III (of apt.) 1.0-1.4 × SIPH, and without rhinaria ….Aphis grosmannae

18 ABD TERG 2-4 without spinal hairs (i.e., only 2 dorsal hairs per segment, as normal for genus), so that the (pleural) pair on ABD TERG 4 are about twice as far apart as the spinal pair on ABD TERG 5-7. ABD TERG 8 with 2-5 hairs ..…Aphis fabae group

- ABD TERG 2-4 with both spinal and pleural hairs (i.e., 4 dorsal hairs per segment), so that the (spinal) pair on ABD TERG 4 are 1.5 or less times the distance apart of the spinal pair on ABD TERG 5-7. ABD TERG 8 with 3-11 hairs, usually 5 or more

.….Aphis podagrariae

Aellenia see Halothamnus Amaranthaceae

Aeluropus Poaceae

Aeluropus littoralis Forda hirsuta, marginata; Geoica anchusae;

Paracletus bykovi, cimiciformis;

Rhopalosiphum padi, rufiabdominale; Sipha maydis

Aeluropus pungens = A. littoralis

Use key to apterae on grasses under Digitaria.

Aenida see Amaranthus Amaranthaceae

Aeollanthus Lamiaceae

Aeollanthus myrianthus Sitobion colei

Aeonium Crassulaceae

Aeonium arboreum Aphis gossypii, sedi; [Smynthurodes betae]

(incl. var. holochrysum)

A. glutinosum Nasonovia dasyphylli

A. holochrysum = A. arboreum var. holochrysum

A. manriqueorum = A. arboreum

Use key to aphids on Sedum.

Aeranthes Orchidaceae

Aeranthes sp. Cerataphis orchidearum

Aerides Orchidaceae

Aerides fieldingi = A. rosea

A. rosea Cerataphis orchidearum

Aerva Amaranthaceae

Aerva javanica Aphis fabae; [Capitophorus elaeagni]

A. tomentosa = A. javanica

Aeschynanthus Gesneraceae

Aeschynanthus radicans Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii; Aulacorthum solani;

Myzus duriatae; Neomyzus circumflexus;

Key to apterae on Aeschynanthus:-

- Abdomen with an oval dark patch extending over ABD TERG 1-4. Head spiculose, dark, with well-developed ANT tubercles. ANT I-II, SIPH and cauda all dark

…..Myzus duriatae

- Without that combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Aeschynomene Fabaceae

Aeschynomeme americana Aphis craccivora

A. aspera Aphis craccivora

A. cristata Sitobion africanum

A. dimidiata Neoantalus aeschynomenidis; [Sitobion sp.]

A. indica Aphis craccivora, gossypii

Key to aphids on Aeschynomene:-

1 SIPH as very short cones, much shorter than cauda, which has a constriction and a very elongate triangular knob. ANT VI BASE with several spaced-out rhinaria. R IV+V very short and blunt, about 0.5 × HT II .....Neoantalus aeschynomenidis

- SIPH tubular, tapering, as long as or longer than cauda, which has no constriction. R IV+V similar in length to HT II .....2

2 SIPH as long as or longer than the distance between their bases, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Dorsal abdomen often with a broken pattern of dark pigmentation, never with an unbroken black shield .....Sitobion africanum

- SIPH shorter than the distance between their bases, and without any subapical polygonal reticulation. Dorsal abdomen either without dark markings or with an extensive black

shield .....3

3 Dorsal abdomen with an extensive black shield. Cauda as black as SIPH

.....Aphis craccivora

- Dorsal abdomen without any dark markings. Cauda paler than SIPH .....Aphis gossypii

Aesculus Horse Chestnuts Hippocastaneae

Few aphids are recorded from Aesculus, and only three are possibly specific to members of this genus.

Host Plant List:-

Aesculus californica                        Neomyzus circumflexus;
                                                         Periphyllus californiensis, testudinaceus;
                                                         Prociphilus americanus

A. carnea Aphis aurantii, gossypii; Periphyllus testudinaceus

A. chinensis [Tinocallis insularis]

A. glabra Drepanaphis monelli; Periphyllus aceris, testudinaceus

A. hippocastanum Horse Chestnut
Aphis craccivora, fabae, nasturtii, taraxacicola (Nevsky);

[Drepanosiphum platanoidis]; Periphyllus testudinaceus

A. indica Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii; Periphyllus aesculi

A. neglecta Periphyllus testudinaceus

A. octandra Periphyllus testudinaceus

A. parviflora Periphyllus aceris

A. pavia Periphyllus testudinaceus

A. turbinata Periphyllus californiensis, [koelreuteriae];
Stomaphis yanonis ssp. aesculi

Key to aphids feeding on Aesculus:-

1 Rostrum much longer than body .....Stomaphis yanonis aesculi

- Rostrum much shorter than body .....2

2 ANT PT/BASE much less than 1.0. SIPH absent .....Prociphilus americanus

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1.0. SIPH present .....3

3 Adult viviparae all alate, with a large, bilobed, pigmented, dorsal abdominal process

....Drepanaphis monelli

- Adult viviparae alate or apterous, if alate then without a dorsal abdominal process .....4

4 SIPH stump-shaped. Hairs on antennae much longer than basal diameter of ANT III .....5

- SIPH tubular, hairs on antennae shorter than basal diameter of ANT III .....8

5 Hind tibiae entirely black .....Periphyllus californiensis

- Hind tibiae at least partly pale .....6

6 SIPH shorter than their width at base. ANT PT/BASE less than 2.5 .....Periphyllus aesculus

- SIPH longer than their basal width. ANT PT/BASE more than 2.5 .....7

7 Hind tibiae uniformly pale, or dusky only at apices .....Periphyllus aceris

- Hind tibiae with pale middle region, contrasting with dark base and distal section

.....Periphyllus testudinaceus

8 Marginal tubercles present on most abdominal segments .....Aphis taraxacicola (Nevsky)

- Marginal abdominal tubercles absent, or only consistently present on abdominal segments 1 and 7 .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Aetheorhiza Asteraceae

Aetheorhiza bulbosa Uroleucon cichorii, sonchi

Key for separating these two species:-

(Both species have black SIPH with distal reticulation)

- Dorsal hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 mostly not placed on dark scleroites. R IV+V 0.73-0.88 × HT II …..Uroleucon sonchi

- Dorsal hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 all or mostly placed on dark scleroites. R IV+V 1.17-1.33 × HT II …..Uroleucon cichorii

Aethionema (including Eunomia) Brassicaceae

Aethionema oppositifolium Smynthurodes betae

A. schistosum Myzus persicae

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Aethusa Apiaceae

Aethusa cynapium [Acyrthosiphon malvae]; Aphis fabae;

Cavariella aegopodii; Dysaphis crataegi ssp.aethusae;

Hyadaphis foeniculi: Macrosiphum euphorbiae, gei;

Myzus [ascalonicus], ornatus; Pemphigus gairi

Key to aphids on Aethusa:-

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. ABD TERG 3-7 usually with spinal and pleural wax pore plates ......Pemphigus gairi

- ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5. No wax pore plates ......2

2 ABD TERG 8 with a medial process projecting backward above the cauda

.....Cavariella aegopodii

- No supracaudal process .....3

3 Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view. Dome-shaped marginal tubercles (MTu) present on most ABD TERG .....Dysaphis crataegi ssp. aethusae

- Cauda tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width. MTu usually very small or absent, or only consistently present on ABD TERG 1 and 7 …..4

4 SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation …..5

- SIPH without any polygonal reticulation …..6

5 Longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 and 8 are 43-84 mm and 66-106 mm respectively. Femora usually with a dusky-dark apical or subapical patch …..Macrosiphum gei

- Longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 and 8 are 21-37 mm and 38-63 mm respectively. Apices of femora pale or only slightly dusky .….Macrosiphum euphorbiae

6 ANT tubercles well developed, with inner faces scabrous and convergent. SIPH pale. Dorsal abdomen with a pattern of dark intersegmental ornamentation …..Myzus ornatus

- ANT tubercles poorly developed or absent. SIPH dusky or dark. Dorsal abdomen with or without dark markings …..7

7 SIPH tapering. MTu always present on ABD TERG 1 and 7 .....Aphis fabae

- SIPH clavate. MTu never present on ABD TERG 1 and 7 …..Hyadaphis foeniculi

Aflatunia see Louiseania Rosaceae

Aframomum Zingiberaceae

Aframomum alboviolaceum Aphis gossypii

A. angustifolium Aphis gossypii; Pentalonia caladii, [nigronervosa]

A. luteoalbum Rhopalosiphum maidis

A. stipulatum = A. alboviolaceum

Key to aphids on Aframomum:-

1 ANT longer than body. Femora with basal 0.6 or more of length pale, contrasting with black distal section. SIPH pale basally and dark distally. (Alata with broad-banded

wing-veins, and radius fused with media to form a closed cell below the pterostigma

.....Pentalonia caladii

- ANT shorter than body. Femora mainly dark or mainly pale. SIPH uniformly dark. (Alata with normal pale wing veins) .....2

2 ANT less than 0.5 × BL. Legs mainly dark. SIPH less than 0.1 × BL and usually slightly swollen proximal to flange .....Rhopalosiphum maidis

- ANT more than 0.5 × BL. Legs mainly pale. SIPH more than 0.1 × BL and tapering from base to flange, with no trace of swelling .....Aphis gossypii

Afrocarpus Podocarpaceae

Afrocarpus falcatus Neophyllaphis varicolor, viridis

A. gracilior Neophyllaphis grobleri

A. usumbarensis Neophyllaphis grobleri

Afrocarpus sp. Neophyllaphis varicolor

Use key to apterae on Podocarpus.

Afrocarum Apiaceae

Afrocarum imbricatum Hyadaphis coriandri, foeniculi

Couplet to separate these two aphids:-

- SIPH a little shorter than cauda, slightly swollen before flange ....Hyadaphis coriandri

- SIPH clavate, about equal in length to cauda or a little longer .....Hyadaphis foeniculi

Afroligusticum Apiaceae

Afroligusticum aculeolatum Myzus ornatus

A. elliotii Aulacorthum solani

Use key to polyphagous aphids.

Afrosciadium Apiaceae

Afrosciadium kerstenii Myzus ornatus

Agalinis (including Aureolaria) Orobanchaceae

Agalinis oligophylla Aphis gerardiae

A. laevigata [Aphis illinoisensis]

(= Aureolaria laevigata)

A. pedicularia Aphis fabae, gerardiae

(= Aureolaria pedicularia)

A. tenuifolia Aphis gerardiae

Couplet for separating these two species:-

- Hind tibiae uniformly dark, or only a little paler in middle. Cauda with 7-11 hairs

..... Aphis gerardiae

- Hind tibiae mostly pale, dark only at ends. Cauda with 11-24 hairs …...Aphis fabae

Agalma see Schlefflera Araliaceae

Aganope (including Ostryoderris) Fabaceae

Aganope lucida Aphis craccivora

Agapanthus Amaryllidaceae

Agapanthus. africanus [Myzus hemerocallis]; [Sitobion graminis]

A. umbellatus = A. africanus

Agapanthus sp. Aphis fabae

Agapetes Ericaceae

Agapetes serpens Indiaphis setosa

Agarista Ericaceae

Agarista salicifolia Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

Agastache Lamiaceae

Agastache anethiodora = A. foeniculum

A. foeniculum Aphis [fabae], neomonardae

A. rugosa [Aphis frangulae]; [Micromyzodium nipponicum]

A. urticifolia Aphis agastachyos; Eucarazzia elegans;

[Macrosiphum sp., (A. Jensen, Idaho, etc; aphidtrek.org)]

Key to apterae on Agastache:-

1 SIPH strongly swollen, with maximum diameter of swollen part more than 2× minimum diameter of stem, smooth except for a little subapical polygonal reticulation (Fig.48a). SIPH 5.4-8.2 × cauda …..Eucarazzia elegans

- SIPH not swollen, and less than 3 × cauda …..2

(Both the following species have ANT tubercles undeveloped, ABD TERG 1 and 7 with large marginal tubercles, pale SIPH, and R IV+V with 4-8 accessory hairs.)

2 SIPH 0.11-0.15 × BL and 1.1-1.6 × cauda ...... Aphis agastachyos

- SIPH 0.06-0.08 × BL and 0.7-1.0 × cauda .....Aphis neomonardae

Agathis Kauri Pine Araucariaceae

Agathis labillardieni Neophyllaphis rappardi

Agauria see Agarista Ericaceae

Agave Asparagaceae

Agave americana Aphis gossypii, [sedi]; Myzus persicae

A. legrelliana Aphis craccivora

Agave spp. Aphis asclepiadis; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Cerataphis brasiliensis

Key to apterae on Agave:-

- Body dorsoventrally flattened, subcircular, wholly sclerotic, with a distinct crenulate margin due to a continuous circle of wax glands. Underside of head with at least one pair of thick, dagger-shaped hairs situated lateroventrally to bases of a pair frontal horns. SIPH pore-like

…..Cerataphis brasiliensis

- Body of normal aphid shape, not wholly sclerotic; head without frontal horns. SIPH conical or tubular, tapering …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

Ageratina Asteraceae

Ageratina adenophora Aphis fabae, gossypii, nasturtii, spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Myzus ornatus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus

A. altissima Aphis coreopsidis; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Macrosiphum [eupatorii], euphorbiae;

Uroleucon ambrosiae, eupatorifoliae, [rudbeckiae]

A. glabrata Uroleucon erigeronense

A. ixiocladon Brachycaudus helichrysi

A. havanensis Hyperomyzus pullatus

A. ligustrina Aphis fabae

A. paucibracteata Aphis aurantii, gossypii, spiraecola

A. pichinchensis Aphis spiraecola; Uroleucon ambrosiae

Use key to apterae under Eupatorium.

Ageratum Asteraceae

Ageratum conyzoides Aleurodaphis blumeae;

Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi, [persicae];

[Capitophorus hippophaes ssp. javanicus];

Indomasonaphis anaphalidis; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus, persicae;

Uroleucon ambrosiae (lizerianum), compositae,

sonchi ssp. afghanicum

A. corymbosum Uroleucon ambrosiae

A. houstonianum Aphis fabae, gossypii, spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani;

(incl. mexicanum) Brachycaudus helichrysi; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus;

Uroleucon ambrosiae ssp. lizerianum

A. maritimum Aphis gossypii;Protaphis middletonii

A. mexicanum = A. houstonianum

A. microcarpum Brachycaudus helichrysi; Uroleucon ambrosiae

Ageratum spp. [Hyperomyzus carduellinus]; [Vesiculaphis picridis];

Uroleucon mexicanum

Key to apterae on Ageratum:-

1 Body flattened and dorsum sclerotic, with fused head and pronotum, fused ABD TERG 1-7, and a crenulate rim due to a continuous marginal row of wax glands. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed …..Aleurodaphis blumeae

- Body not flattened, segments not fused, no crenulate margin of wax glands. Cauda not knobbed, anal plate entire ….2

2 Large aphid, BL more than 4 mm. SIPH strongly clavate, with maximum width 3-4 × diameter of tibia at midpoint. Cauda with 25-32 hairs .....Indomasonaphis anaphalidis

- BL less than 4 mm. SIPH not strongly clavate and/or cauda with less than 20 hairs …..3

3 SIPH entirely dark with subapical polygonal reticulation .....4

- SIPH if entirely dark then without polygonal reticulation

.....go to key to polyphagous aphids

4 Cauda dark. SIPH 1.8-2.1 × cauda. ANT III with 51-77 rhinaria .....Uroleucon compositae

- Cauda pale. SIPH 1.0-1.9 × cauda. ANT III with 7-46 rhinaria .....5

5 Dorsal hairs without basal scleroites. Coxae dark …..Uroleucon sonchi ssp. afghanicum

- Small dusky or dark scleroites present at bases of at least some of dorsal hairs. Coxae pale or variably pigmented, paler than SIPH .....6

6 SIPH reticulated over 0.4-0.6 of length. Cauda with 7-14 hairs .....Uroleucon mexicanum

- SIPH reticulated over less than 0.3 of length. Cauda with 16-27 hairs

.....Uroleucon ambrosiae

Aglaia Meliaceae

Aglaia odorata Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii, citricidus

Aglaia spp. Cervaphis schouteniae

Couplet for aphids on Aglaia:-

- Body with long branched hair-bearing processes. SIPH with a subapical ring of small hairs

.....Cervaphis schouteniae

- Body without long hair-bearing processes. SIPH without hairs

.....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Agonis Myrtaceae

Agonis flexuosa Anomalaphis comperei;

Aphis aurantii, gossypii, spireaecola

A. luehmannii = Leptospermum leuhmannii

Couplet for apterae on Agonis:-

- ANT 5-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE less than 1. ABD TERG 7 and 8 each with a pair of long hair-bearing processes. SIPH with a subapical ring of 3-5 hairs

.....Anomalaphis comperei

- ANT usually 6-segmented, and ANT PT/BASE more than 2. ABD TERG 7 and 8 without long processes, SIPH without hairs .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Agoseris Asteraceae

Agoseris glauca Aphis sp. (Manitoba, BMNH collection)

Agoseris spp. Abstrusomyzus phloxae; Pleotrichophorus triangulatus;

Uroleucon erigeronense

Key couplet for aphids on Agoseris:-

1 Dorsal body with numerous short fan-shaped hairs. SIPH less than 0.5 × cauda

..…Pleotrichophorus triangulatus

- Dorsal body hairs not fan-shaped. SIPH longer than cauda …..2

2 SIPH with polygonal reticulation on 0.25-0.35 of length, mainly dark but with pale basal part

…..Uroleucon erigeronense

- SIPH without polygonal reticulation, pale or uniformly pigmented …..3

3 SIPH black, tapering, 1.2-1.4 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 1.4-1.7

…..Aphis sp. (Manitoba, BMNH collection)

- SIPH pale, slightly swollen subapically, about 2 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 3.4-4.3

.....Abstrusomyzus phloxae

Agrimonia Rosaceae

Agrimonia eupatoria Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. agrimoniae;

Aphis argrimoniae ssp. ucrainica, proffti;

Macrosiphum agrimoniellum, euphorbiae, rosae;

Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae;

Sitobion fragariae

A. gryposepala Macrosiphum agrimoniellum, euphorbiae

A. japonica = A. pilosa

A. odorata Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. agrimoniae; Aphis proffti

A. pilosa Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. agrimoniae;

Aphis argrimoniae, nasturtii; [Epipemphigus niisimae];

Eriosoma japonicum; Metopolophium dirhodum;

[Pemphigus dorocola];

[Tetraneura nigriabdominalis, yezoensis]

A. procera = A. odorata

A .striata Macrosiphum pallidum

Agrimonia sp(p). [Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. potha];

Key to aphids on Agrimonia:-

1 ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Eyes of 3 facets. SIPH as raised pores with a surrounding ring of hairs, cauda semi-circular. Each segment of thorax and abdomen with a pair of marginal wax pore plates .....Eriosoma japonicum

- ANT PT/BASE much greater than 1. Eyes compound. SIPH tubular, cauda tongue-shaped. No wax pore plates .....2

2 ANT tubercles weakly developed. SIPH only about 0.5 × distance between their bases, and less than 1.5 × cauda. Marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 1 and 7 ....3

- ANT tubercles well developed, or at least protruding further than medial part of front of head in dorsal view. SIPH at least as long as the distance between their bases, and 1.4 or more × cauda. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu .....4

3 ANT/PT BASE 2.6-3.2 .....Aphis proffti

- ANT/PT BASE 1.8-2.3 ..... Aphis argrimoniae

4 SIPH mainly pale, sometimes dusky at apices .....5

- SIPH entirely or mainly dark .....8

5 SIPH without any polygonal reticulation. Hairs on ANT III inconspicuous, the longest rarely more than 0.5 × BD III .....6

- SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Hairs on ANT III evident, the longest more than 0.5 × BD III .....7

6 SIPH 1.8-2.2 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 4.8-5.8. R IV+V 1.1-1.3 × HT II

….. Acyrthosiphon malvae agrimoniae

- SIPH 1.4-1.8 (-2.0) × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 2.8-4.4. R IV+V 0.6-0.75 × HT II

…..Metopolophium dirhodum

7 R IV+V 1.1-1.3 × HT II. ANT III with 15-20 rhinaria extending over more than 0.7 of its length .....Macrosiphum agrimoniellum

- R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II. ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria confined to basal half

.....Macrosiphum euphorbiae

8 Hairs on ANT III all less than 0.5 × BD III. R IV + V only about as long as its basal width, shorter than HT II. Tibiae pale …..Sitobion fragariae

- Hairs on ANT III conspicuous, the longest of them more than 0.5 × BD III. R IV+V more than 1.5 × its basal width, similar in length to or loger than HT II. Tibiae mainly dark .….9

9 Head pale or dusky. SIPH often paler at extreme bases .....Macrosiphum pallidum

- Head very dark or black, like SIPH, which are wholly dark .….Macrosiphum rosae

Agriophyllum Amaranthaceae

Agriophyllum arenarium = A. squarrosum

A. pungens = A. squarrosum

A. squarrosum Aphis craccivora; Brachyunguis [agriphylli], harmalae

Key to apterae on Agriophyllum:-

- SIPH 0.6-0.7 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 0.5-0.8 .....Brachyunguis harmalae

- SIPH and ANT PT relatively longer .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Agrocharis Apiaceae

Agriocharis incognita Aphis gossypii, spiraecola; Aulacorthum solani;

Hyadaphis foeniculi; Myzus ornatus;

Uroleucon compositae

Couplet for aphids on Agrocharis:-

- SIPH dark, clavate, similar in length to or only a little longer than the equally dark cauda

.....Hyadaphis foeniculi

- Without this combination of characters .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Agropyron Poaceae

Agropyron angustiglume = Elymus mutabilis

A. caninum = Elymus caninus

A. ciliare = Elymus ciliaris

A. cristatum Diuraphis bromicola, frequens, holci, noxia, tritici;

Forda marginata; Hyalopterus amygdali;

Laingia psammae; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Rhopalosiphum maidis, oxyacanthae, padi;

[Sappaphis dipirivora]; Schizaphis graminum;

Sipha elegans, maydis; Sitobion avenae;

Tetraneura capitata ssp. agropyricena

A. desertorum Schizaphis graminum

A. elongatum = Elymus elongatus

A. fragile Sipha elegans

A. glaucum = Elymus hispidus

A. imbricatum = Agropyron cristatum

A. intermedium = Elymus hispidus

A. junceiforme = Elymus farctus

A. junceum = Elymus farctus

A. krylovianum Forda marginata

A. latiglume = Elymus trachycaulus

A.littorale = Elymus pycnanthus

A. occidentale =Elymus smithii

A. pectinatum Diuraphis frequens, noxia; Sipha elegans, maydis;

Sitobion avenae

A. pungens = Elymus pungens

A. repens = Elymus repens

A. semicostatum = Elymus semicostatus

A. smithii = Elymus smithii

A. spicatum = Elymus spicatus

A. tenerum = Elymus trachycaulus

A. trachycaulum = Elymus trachycaulus

A. trichophorum = Elymus hispidus

A. tsukushiense = Elymus tsukushiensis

Agropyron spp. Forda hirsuta; Sipha glyceriae, uvarovi;

Sitobion fragariae;

[Slavum lentiscoides (= Aploneura ampelina?)]

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Agrostemma Caryophyllaceae

Agrostemma coeli-rosea = Silene coeli-rosea

A. githago Aphis nasturtii;

Brachycaudus [cardui], lychnidis, [persicae];

[Nasonovia ribisnigri (as Macrosiphum agrostemnium)];

[Uroleucon picridis]

(try key to apterae on Silene)

Agrostis Poaceae

Agrostis alba L. = Poa nemoralis

A. alba auctt non L. = Agrostis stolonifera

A. alpina Pemphigus similis

A. canina Diuraphis agrostidis; Forda formicaria;

Geoica setulosa, utricularia; Melanaphis pyraria;

Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Schizaphis agrostis; Sipha glyceriae;

Sitobion avenae; Tetraneura ulmi

A. capillaris Anoecia corni, zirnitsi; [Aphis sp., Leonard, 1968: 269];

Aploneura lentisci; Baizongia pistaciae;

Diuraphis agrostidis; Forda formicaria, marginata;

Geoica lucifuga, setulosa, utricularia;

Metopolophium dirhodum, festucae;

Paracletus cimiciformis;

Pemphigus sp.(?groenlandicus - Zwölfer 1958);

Rhopalosiphum padi; Schizaphis agrostis, graminum;

Sipha glyceriae, maydis; Sitobion avenae, fragariae;

Tetraneura ulmi

A. castellana Hysteroneura setariae; Sitobion fragariae

A. clavata Tetraneura fusiformis

A. curtisii Atheroides serrulatus; Laingia psammae;

Metopolophium festucae cerealium; Schizaphis graminum

A. gigantea Forda marginata; Metopolophium festucae;

Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae, padi; Schizaphis rufula;

Sipha glyceriae; Sitobion avenae, fragariae

A. perennans Geoica utricularia; Prociphilus erigeronensis

A. plumosa = Tricholaena teneriffae

A. rupestris [Acyrthosiphon loti (as Metopolophium gracilipes)];

Pemphigus similis

A. scabra Sitobion avenae

A. semiverticillata = Polypogon viridis

A. stolonifera Anoecia corni, pskovica; Atheroides serrulatus;

(incl. alba auctt. non L.) Baizongia pistaciae; Cryptaphis poae;

Diuraphis agrostidis; Forda formicaria;

Geoica setulosa, utricularia; Laingia psammae;

Metopolophium dirhodum, festucae;

Paracletus cimiciformis; Pemphigus sp.;

Rhopalomyzus poae;

Rhopalosiphum maidis, oxyacanthae, padi;

Schizaphis agrostis, dubia, graminum;

Sipha elegans, glyceriae, maydis;

Sitobion akebiae, avenae, fragariae; Tetraneura ulmi

A. tenuis = A. capillaris

A. verticillata = Polypogon viridis

Agrostis spp. Anoecia krizusi; [Prociphilus caryae]; Sitobion beiquei

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Aichryson Crassulaceae

Aichryson dichotonum Nasonovia dasyphylli

Ailanthus Tree of Heaven Simaroubaceae

     Ailanthus altissima                    Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, odinae, spiraecola;
                                                   [Epipemphigus imaicus - error?];
                                                   Kaburagia ailanthi; [Kurisakia ailanthi - error?];
                                                   Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Mollitrichosiphum nigrum

A. fordii Aphis odinae

A. glandulosa = A. altissima

Key to aphids on Ailanthus:-

1 SIPH as small, inconspicuous pores. (aphids in galls) .....Kaburagia ailanthi

- SIPH tubular. (Aphids free-living) .....2

2 SIPH black, more than 0.6 of BL and densely hairy .....Mollitrichosiphum nigrum

- SIPH not as above .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Ainsliaea Asteraceae

Ainsliaea aptera Macrosiphoniella grandicauda

Ainsworthia Apiaceae

Ainsworthia trachycarpa Aphis fabae, Cavariella aegopodii

Couplet for separating these two species:-

- SIPH black, tapering, 0.8-1.5 × black cauda which bears 11-24 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 2.4-3.4. No backwardly projecting process on ABD TERG 8 …..Aphis fabae

- SIPH pale, clavate, 1.8-2.4 × pale cauda which bears 5 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 1.0-1.55. ABD TERG 8 with a backwardly-projecting process above the cauda …..Cavariella aegopodii

Aira Poaceae

Aira caespitosa = Deschampsia caespitosa

A. capillaris = Aira elegantissima

A. caryophyllea Chaetosiphella berlesei; Forda formicaria

A. elegantissima Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi;

Sitobion fragariae

A. flexuosa = Deschampsia flexuosa

Aira sp. Sipha glyceriae

Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.

Ajania Asteraceae

Ajania fastigiata Coloradoa ajaniae; Macrosiphoniella ajaniae

A. fruticulosa [Forda sp.]

Ajuga Lamiaceae

Ajuga ×adulterina [Ovatomyzus sp. (Ossiannilsson 1964a)]

A. brachystemon Aphis gossypii; Myzus ornatus

A. genevensis Aulacorthum solani;

Myzus ajugae, [Myzus sp. (Bozhko 1976a: 113)]

A. genevensis × pyramidalis Ovatomyzus chamaedrys

A. macrosperma Sitobion aulacorthoides

A. orientalis Myzus ajugae

A. parviflora Myzus ornatus

A. reptans Aphis gossypii; Aulacorthum solani, [solani ssp. prasinum];

[Brachycaudus cardui]; Myzus ajugae, ornatus, persicae

Ajuga spp. Neomyzus circumflexus; [Sinomegoura rhododendri]

Key to aphids on Ajuga:-

1 ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting beyond middle part of frons in dorsal view

.....Aphis gossypii

- ANT tubercles well developed, their inner faces divergent or convergent .....2

2 Inner faces of ANT tubercles clearly divergent. SIPH dark except for pale basal c.0.3, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation and a large flange .....Sitobion aulacorthoides

- Inner faces of ANT tubercles parallel or convergent. SIPH pale or dusky, without subapical polygonal reticulation .....3

3 Dorsal abdomen with a large dark, approximately horseshoe-shaped dark patch, and paired dark patches also on thoracic tergites .....Neomyzus circumflexus

- No extensive dark dorsal patches .....4

4 PT 1.45-2.3 × ANT III. Cuticle of front of head and ANT tubercles is smooth

.....Ovatomyzus chamaedrys

- PT 0.6-1.4 (-1.6) × ANT III, and cuticle of front of head and ANT tubercles is spiculose or rugose …..5

5 SIPH tapering from base to flange, not at all swollen …..6

- SIPH somewhat swollen on distal half, with narrower basal section …..7

6 ANT III without rhinaria. SIPH usually with a slight “S” curve. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.8. Dorsal abdomen with an intersegmental pattern of dark ornamentation .....Myzus ornatus

- ANT III with 1-2 small rhinaria near base. SIPH rather straight. ANT PT/BASE 4.0-5.3. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings .....6

7 R IV+V 1.05-1.30 × HT II .....Myzus ajugae

- R IV+V 0.9-1.0 × HT II .....Myzus persicae

Akebia Lardizabalaceae

Akebia quinata Aphis fabae; Aulacorthum solani, pterinigrum;

[Ericaphis sp. (B.C., Canada)]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ornatus; Neomyzus circumflexus; Sitobion akebiae

A. trifoliata Sitobion akebiae

Akebia spp. [Amphicercidus lanigera]; [Myzus varians]

Key to aphids on Akebia:-

1 SIPH dark, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Cauda pale. ANT dark, with hairs on III short and blunt, the longest less than 0.5 × BD III .....2

- Without this combination of characters ….go to key to polyphagous aphids

2 Abdomen with black marginal sclerites, fused between segments to form broad black marginal stripes. R IV+V longer than HT II. Head with minute spicules on ventral side

…..Aulacorthum pterinigrum

- Abdomen without broad black marginal stripes. R IV shorter than HT II. Head without spicules …..Sitobion akebiae

Alangium (incl. Marlea) Cornaceae

Alangium platanifolium [Cavariella angelicae]

Albizia Fabaceae

Albizia julibrissin Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphis fabae

A. lebbeck Anomalosiphum pithecolobii

A. lophantha Aphis gossypii; Brachycaudus helichrysi

A. odoratissima Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii

A. petersiana [Uroleucon compositae]

A. saman Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus

Key to aphids on Albizia:-

1 End of abdomen with backwardly directed hair-bearing processes. SIPH with a subapical ring of hairs. Antennae 5-segmented with ANT PT/BASE less than 1. R IV+V nearly 2× longer than HT II ..... Anomalosiphum pithecolobii

- End of abdomen without backwardly directed hair-bearing processes, SIPH without hairs, antennae usually 6-segmented with ANT PT/BASE more than 1, and R IV+V usually much less than 2× HT II ....2

2 ANT tubercles very well developed, with smooth divergent inner faces. SIPH long, pale, tapering from a broad base, without supabical reticulation ..........Acyrthosiphon pisum

- Without that combination of characters ..........go to key to polyphagous aphids

Alcea Hollyhocks Malvaceae

Alcea litvinovii Aphis althaeae

A. nudiflora Aphis althaeae, gossypii, umbrella, spiraecola

A. pallida Aphis althaeae

A. rhyticarpa Aphis althaeae

A. rosea Acyrthosiphon malvae;

Aphis althaeae, fabae, gossypii, nasturtii, solanella,

spiraecola, umbrella;

Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum euphorbiae;

Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae; Uroleucon eoessigi

A. rugosa Aphis althaeae

Key to aphids on Alcea (also Althaea and Lavatera):-

1 Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view. SIPH pale, smooth, short, with an annular incision proximal to the flange. Spiracular apertures large and

rounded …..Brachycaudus helichrysi

- Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, longer than its basal width. SIPH pale or dark, imbricated, without any distinct subapical annular incision. Spiracular apertures reniform …..2

2 ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting beyond middle of frons in dorsal view. Marginal tubercles (MTu) always present at least on ABD TERG 1 and 7 .....3

- ANT tubercles well developed. MTu absent or present, but if present they are usually only on ABD TERG 2-4 (-5) and only rarely on ABD TERG 1 or 7 .....6

3 SIPH wholly dark .....go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24

- SIPH pale or dusky, or only dark towards apices .....4

4 ANT 5-segmented. R IV+V very long, narrow and pointed, 4-5 × its basal width and 1.6-2.1 × HT II. Hairs on ABD TERG 2-4 mostly longer than ANT BD III. Marginal tubercles (MTu) absent from ABD TERG 2-5 .....Aphis althaeae

- ANT 5- or 6-segmented. R IV+V less than 2.5 × its basal width and 1.0-1.45 × HT II. Hairs on ABD TERG 2-4 shorter than ANT BD III. MTu often present on ABD TERG 2-5 as well as 1 and 7 .....5

5 Large MTu usually present (except in summer dwarfs) on ABD TERG 2-5 in addition to those on 1 and 7, those on 7 being greater in diameter than base of ANT III. SIPH 1.35-2.5 × cauda. R IV+V 1.1-1.45 × HT II. ANT VI BASE 1.0-1.35 × HT II .....Aphis umbrella

- MTu only sporadically present on ABD TERG 2-5, and diameter of tubercle on ABD TERG 7 is less than that of base of ANT III. SIPH 0.8-1.5 × cauda. R IV+V 0.95-1.2 × HT II. ANT VI BASE 0.85-1.1 × HT II .....Aphis nasturtii

6 ANT, head, legs (except bases of femora), SIPH and cauda all dark. SIPH with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation. Dorsal abdominal hairs all arising from small dark scleroites

.....Uroleucon eoessigi

- ANT, head, legs, SIPH and cauda mainly pale. Dorsal abdominal hairs not arising from scleroites .....go to key polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 4

Alchemilla Rosaceae

Alchemilla acutiloba Macrosiphum euphorbiae

A. alpina Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. potha; Amphorophora gei;

Aulacorthum solani; [Ericaphis wakibae]

A. arvensis = Aphanes arvensis

A. conjuncta Aphis alchemillae

A. glaberrima Aphis alchemillae

A. glaucescens Aulacorthum solani

A. hoppeana Macrosiphum euphorbiae

A. jailae Brachycaudus helichrysi

A. mollis Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. potha; Aulacorthum solani;

Brachycaudus helichrysi; Myzus ascalonicus

A.monticola Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. potha; Macrosiphum rosae

A. procumbens (?) [Hyperomyzus pullatus]

A. pyrenaica Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. potha

A. sarmatica Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. potha

A. saxatilis Aphis nasturtii; Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus

A. subcrenata Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. potha

A. subcrenatiformis Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. potha; Macrosiphum euphorbiae

A. valdehirsuta Acyrthosiphon sp.; Amphorophora sp. (Georgia; Dzhibladze

1960a)

A. vulgaris Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. potha, [pisum];

Amphorophora gei; Aphis alchemillae, craccivora;

Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi;

Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Metopolophium dirhodum;

Myzus ornatus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus

A. xanthochlora = A. vulgaris

Alchemilla sp. Aphis fabae; [Cavariella aquatica]

Key to aphids on Alchemilla:-

1 ANT tubercles well developed, with inner faces smooth and divergent. SIPH long and pale, but without any subapical polygonal reticulation …..2

- Without the above combination of characters .....4

2 SIPH markedly clavate. R IV+V 1.2-1.4 × HT II …..Amphorophora gei

- SIPH cylindrical. R IV+V 0.55-1.2 × HT II …..3

3 R IV+V 0.55-0.75 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 2.7-4.5. ANT VI BASE 1.25-1.75 × R IV+V

…..Metopolophium dirhodum

- R IV+V 1.0-1.2 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 4.8-5.8. ANT VI BASE 0.7-1.0 × R IV+V

….. Acyrthosiphon malvae (ssp. potha? - see text)

4 ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting beyond middle of head in dorsal view. SIPH dark, tapering, short; similar in length to the tongue-shaped cauda which is dusky-dark and bears 8-10 hairs. Dorsum pale .....Aphis alchemillae

- Without the above combination of characters .....5

5 Head, ANT I and II and basal part of ANT III dark. ANT III (of apt.) with 10-35 rhinaria. SIPH black, with subapical polygonal reticulation …..Macrosiphum rosae

- Without the above combination of characters .....go to key to polyphagous aphids

Alchornea Euphorbiaceae

Alchornea cordifolia Aphis craccivora

Alectorolophus see Rhinanthus Orobanchaceae

Aleurites Euphorbiaceae

Aleurites fordii Aulacorthum sp. (Martin & Lau 2011)

A. moluccana Chromaphis hirsutustibus, juglandicola;

[Uroleucon sonchi]

A. montana Aulacorthum sp. (Martin & Lau 2011)

A. triloba Myzus persicae

Key to aphids on Aleurites:-

1 Apterous viviparae present. ANT PT/BASE more than 1 .....2

- All adult viviparae alate. ANT PT/BASE 0.5 or less. SIPH as truncate cones with appended hairs. Hind femora with a black spot near apex. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed .....3

2 ANT tubercles well-developed, steep-sided, with short blunt hairs. ANT III-VI black contrasting with pale ANT I and II. SIPH thick, especially at base, dark distally with a few rows of interconnected striae at apex .....Aulacorthum sp. (Hong Kong)

- Without that combination of characters …..go to key to polyphagous aphids

3 Hairs on hind tibia very long, up to about 3.5 × middle diameter of the tibia. Wings with dark spots at ends of veins (use hand lens) .....Chromaphis hirsutustibis

- Hairs on hind tibia shorter, the longest of them less than 2 × middle diameter of tibia. Wings without dark spots at ends of veins .....Chromaphis juglandicola

Alfredia Asteraceae

Alfredia nivea Aphis fabae

Alhagi Fabaceae

Alhagi camelorum = A. maurorum

A. canescens Aphis craccivora

A. kirghisorum Aphis craccivora; Protaphis alhagii; Smynthurodes betae

A. maurorum Acyrthosiphon gossypii, pisum;

Aphis craccivora, [medicaginis]; Protaphis alhagii;

Smynthurodes betae; Therioaphis ononidis, trifolii

A. persarum = A. maurorum

A. pseudalhagi Acyrthosipho