ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Wax gland plates present on head,
thorax and abdomen. Eyes 3-faceted. SIPH absent. (Apt. fundatrix, all progeny
of which are al. having unbramched media in forewing and ANT with narrow,
transversely elongate secondary rhinaria)
.…..Prociphilus xylostei
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 0.5. No wax gland plates. Eyes multifaceted.
SIPH present, tubular. (Al. have forewing with 1- or 2-branched media and ANT
with round or oval secondary rhinaria)
..…2
2
SIPH slightly to moderately clavate,
without any subapical polygonal reticulation, and HT II 0.65-0.8 × R
IV+V. Al. with wing veins broadly
bordered with fuscous
…..Neotoxoptera abeliae
–
SIPH clavate, cylindrical or tapering, with or without subapical
reticulation.HT II 0.8-1.4 × R
IV+V. Al. without fuscous-bordered wing veins
About
30 Cinara species are described from Abies, but many of the
North American species are little known or unrecorded since their original
description. Abies is the secondary host for all species of Adelges
subgenus Dreyfusia, which are undoubtedly the most economically
important group, migrating from cone-like galls on their primary host Picea,
or reproducing parthenogenetically on Abies throughout the year.
All the Abies-feeding
aphids are keyed together, as there is little evidence that any of them are
specific to particular Abies species. Except where otherwise stated,
the key should be applied only to adult apterous females. With Cinara
species, care must be taken that the individuals examined are not immature,
as this can lead to erroneous identifications. Cinara species not seen
by us are identified with an *, and identifications of these species
in particular should be treated very circumspectly. Colonies of Prociphilus
spp. in white wax wool on roots of Abies cannot be satisfactorily
keyed to species, and identification of Adelges to species requires
the neosistens stage to be available.
1
Adult apterae with very short antennae,
less than 0.1 of body length, with at most 3 segments. Small insects (BL less
than 1.2 mm) producing white wax wool. Always oviparous, adults having a
distinct chitinous ovipositor (Adelgidae)
…..2
–
Adult apterae with 5- or 6-segmented
antennae, at least 0.2 of body length. BL 1.3-7.8 mm. With or without wax
wool. Viviparous in spring and summer (Aphididae)
….. 3
2
Body of adult aptera broadly pear-shaped
to almost spherical. Cephaloprothoracic shield entire, uniformly pigmented.
Abdomen with 4 pairs of evident spiracles. Wax pores discontiguous (fig. 10A)
…..Pineus
abietinus
–
Body of adult aptera pear-shaped or
oval. Head and prothorax not uniformly pigmented. Abdomen with 5 pairs of
evident spiracles. Wax pores contiguous (fig. 10B)
SIPH tubular. ANT PT/BASE equal to or
greater than 1.0
…..
4
–
SIPH broadly conical, pore-like or
absent. ANT PT/BASE less than 1.0
…..
6
4
ANT PT/BASE 1.1-1.6
…..Elatobium
abietinum
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.7-3.6
…..5
5
ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.5. R IV+V 0.9-1.1×
HT II
…..Elatobium
blackmani
–
ANT PT/BASE 2.3-3.6. R IV+V
1.2-1.4 × HT II
…..Elatobium
momii
6
SIPH present as pores on hairy cones which
are usually pigmented (fig. 11)
…..7
–
SIPH either absent or present as pores
without pigmented conical bases
…..34
7
Rostrum about twice as long as body
…..Stomaphis abieticola*
–
Rostrum much shorter than body
…..8
8
(Couplets 8-33 refer to apterous
viviparae.) Maximum diameter of base of SIPH cone less than 0.3 mm, or less
than 3 times the diameter of the SIPH aperture
…..9
–
Maximum diameter of base of SIPH cone (or
the pigmented area incorporating it) more than 0.3 mm, or more than 3 times
the diameter of the SIPH aperture
…..
15
9
HT I at least half as long as HT II (fig. 12A).
SIPH cones pale
…..Cinara
pectinatae
–
HT I less than half as long as HT II; if
nearly half as long, then SIPH cones dark
…..10
10
HT II at least 4× longer than the very
short, almost triangular HT I (fig. 12B)
…..11
–
HT II 2.1-3.5× longer than HT I
…..12
11
BL 5.1-6.3 mm (fundatrices up to 7.6
mm)
…..Cinara
polymorpha
–
BL 2.1-3.2 mm
…..Cinara
occidentalis
12
Longest hairs on ANT III more than
twice as long as width of segment
…..13
–
Longest hairs on ANT III less than
twice width of segment
…..14
13
SIPH
cones very small and pale. ANT PT less
than 3× its basal width
…..Cinara
matsumurana
–
SIPH cones dark. ANT PT thin,
more than 4× its basal width
…..Cinara
antennalis
14
BL less than 3 mm
…..Cinara minuta*
–
BL more than 3 mm
…..Cinara
zoarcbursara*
15
SIPH cones with hairs of two sizes, longest
hairs at least twice as long as the shortest hairs, and usually thicker (e.g.
fig. 11B)
…..16
–
SIPH cones with hairs varying in
length by less than a factor of 2 (fig. 11A)
…..29
16
SIPH cones pale
…..Cinara setulosa
–
SIPH cones dark
…..17
17
Pigmented bases of SIPH cones very
extensive, with no clear limits, extending anteriorly and posteriorly to join
pigmented lateral areas on other abdominal segments (fig. 13A)
…..Cinara osborni
–
Pigmented bases of SIPH cones less
extensive, delimited, restricted to ABD TERG 6, or 5 and 6, any pigmented
lateral areas on other segments being separate
…..18
18
Length of sclerotized part of stylet groove
(fig. 74A)
less than 1.8 mm. ANT V about equal in length to, or shorter than, ANT VI
(including PT)
…19
–
Length of sclerotized part of
stylet groove greater than 1.8 mm. ANT V clearly longer than ANT VI including
PT (unless PT is more than 4× its basal width)
…..22
19
BL greater than 4 mm. Hind tibiae
conspicuously bicoloured, with yellow region on basal half
…..Cinara
alacra*
–
BL less than 4 mm. Hind tibiae more
uniformly pigmented, pale or dark
…..20
20
Length of sclerotized part of stylet groove
less than 1.3 mm. Hairs on ABD TERG 1-7 without pigmented
bases
…..Cinara chinookiana
–
Length of sclerotized part of stylet
groove greater than 1.3 mm. Hairs on ABD TERG 1-7 mostly arising from small
pigmented sclerites of various sizes
…..21
21
Hind tibiae dark
…..Cinara
todocola
–
Hind tibiae pale except at apices
…..Cinara
micropunctata
22
Length of sclerotized part of stylet groove
2.9-3.8 mm
…..Cinara
radicivora
–
Length of sclerotized part of stylet
groove less than 2.9 mm
…..23
23
Antennae conspicuously bicoloured,
each segment with a broad black distal band contrasting with a pale base, ANT
IV and V being about half black and half pale. Pigmented bases of SIPH cones
of irregular shape, usually with a deep notch on the inner margin (fig. 13B)
…..Cinara sonata
–
Antennae not conspicuously bicoloured,
although segments often gradually darker towards apices. Pigmented bases of
SIPH cones more-or-less rounded
…..24
24
Dorsal length of HT I greater than its width
at base (fig.
14A)
…..Cinara
tenuipes
–
Dorsal length of HT I less than its width
at base (fig. 14B)
…..25
25
ANT III at least 1.1 × ANT IV and V
together, and more than 3 × ANT VI (incl. PT)…..26
–
ANT III about equal to or a little
shorter than ANT IV and V together, and less than 3× ANT VI (incl. PT)
…..27
26
R IV 2.3-2.6 × HT I (ventral
length)
…..Cinara
abietisibiricae
–
R IV 1.9-2.2 × HT I (ventral
length)
…..Cinara
longipennis
27
R IV over 3 × longer than R V
……Cinara
abietihabitans*
–
R IV less than 3 × longer than R V
…..28
28
BL 3.8-7.8 mm. ANT PT/BASE less than
0.4
…..Cinara
confinis (or abietispindrow – see text)
–
BL 3.2-4.4 mm. ANT PT/BASE equal to or
greater than 0.4. (Alatae with forewing membrane between Cu1a and
Cu1b fuscous)
…..Cinara
hattorii
29
All tibiae black or very dark brown,
although sometimes with a slightly less dark dusky brown section on basal
half
…..30
–
Fore and mid-tibiae pale yellow to amber,
dark at apices if at all, and hind tibiae if mainly dark then at least with a
distinctly paler section at base
…..32
30
BL greater than 4.8 mm. Hairs on hind
tibiae clearly longer than width of tibia at midpoint
…..Cinara
grande*
–
BL less than 4.8 mm. Hairs on hind
tibiae longer or shorter than width of tibia at midpoint
…..31
31
BL less than 3.2 mm. ANT III with up to 5
rhinaria. Hairs on hind tibiae mainly longer than width of tibia at its
midpoint
…..Cinara
schuhi*
–
BL greater than 3.2 mm. ANT III with or
without rhinaria. Hairs on hind tibiae shorter than width of tibia at its
midpoint
…..Cinara
kiusa*
32
Coxae dark brown to black
…..Cinara
curvipes
–
Coxae yellow to amber
…..33
33
BL less than 4 mm. Hairs on SIPH cones
sparse, totalling about 20, with basal part of cone nearly devoid of hairs
…..Cinara
curtihirsuta
–
BL more than 5 mm. Hairs on SIPH
cones very numerous all over pigmented area
…..Cinara
gentneri
34
Abdomen without wax pore plates. Eyes
multifaceted
…..35
–
Abdomen with segmental wax pore plates, at
least marginally on ABD TERG 6 and 7. Eyes reduced, usually to only 3 facets
(triommatidia)
…..36
35
Body oval. Hairs on ANT III longer than
basal diameter of segment
…..Cinara
pacifica*
–
Body elongate, about 3 times longer than
its greatest width in dorsal view. Hairs on ANT III shorter than basal
diameter of segment
…..Essigella
pergandei*
36
Aptera with head and prothorax separate,
and antennae shorter than rostrum. Hairs on antennae and legs long. (On
roots; cannot be keyed to species)
…..Prociphilus
spp.
–
Aptera with head and prothorax fused
dorsally, and antennae longer than rostrum. Hairs on antennae and legs short.
(On needles)
…..37
37
Prothorax of aptera with a pair of marginal
wax pore plates, and such plates also often present at least on ABD TERG 2-7,
with additional submarginal pairs often at least on ABD TERG 6 and 7
…..38
–
Aptera with wax pore plates almost always
absent from prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 2, and only constantly present on
ABD TERG 6 and 7
…..42
38
RIV without any accessory hairs (both
apterae and alatae)
…..Mindarus
guatemalensis
–
R IV almost always with a pair of
accessory hairs, rarely with 0-1 in apterae
…..39
39
ANT III of alata with 6-12 squarish to almost
circular or polygonal rhinaria (fig. 15A). HT
II of aptera 0.207-0.237 mm long
…..Mindarus
victoria
–
ANT III of alata with 8-54
tranversely elongate or oval rhinaria, and IV with 0-5. HT II of
aptera 0.119-0.223 mm long
…..40
40
ANT III of alata with 46-54 rhinaria.
Aptera with a pair of spinal as well as a pair of marginal wax pore plates on
prothorax, and with 3 pairs of wax pore plates on each of ABD TERG 1-6
…..Mindarus
remaudierei
–
ANT III of alata with 8-23 rhinaria.
Aptera with only marginal wax pore plates on prothorax, and only ABD TERG 5-6
ever have 3 pairs of wax pore plates
…..41
41
Aptera with 1-2 pairs of wax pore plates on
all of ABD TERG 1-7, and usually 3 pairs on ABD TERG 6 (except sometimes in
fundatrices, which have marginal wax plates on all thoracic segments)
…..Mindarus
kinseyi
–
Aptera only ever with 2 pairs of wax pore
plates on ABD TERG 7, or 6 and 7, and fundatrices usually with marginal wax
plates only on prothorax
…..Mindarus pinicola
42
ANT III of alata with 12-27 rhinaria in a
single row, mostly extending across complete width of segment (fig. 15B)
…..Mindarus
abietinus
–
ANT III of alata with 23-29
rhinaria not aligned in a single row, many of those on basal half not
extending across full width of segment (fig. 15C)
…..Mindarus
japonicus
Key to resting-stage (neosistens)
1st instar larvae of Adelges spp. on Abies
Separation
of the spring and summer apterous adult stages of Adelges spp. (mainly
subgenus Dreyfusia) on Abies is very difficult because of their
complex polymorphism. The key given here is based on the work of several
authors (notably Eichhorn 1958), and relies on the lesser degree of
variability of the more sclerotised 1st instar larvae of the sistens morph
(the neosistens stage) which, in all species except A.pectinatae
and A. pindrowi, is normally found on the bark of the stem and branches
rather than on the needles, and is the most frequent stage at which
aestivation or hibernation occurs. Except where otherwise stated, all
characters used are those of the neosistens. Slide-mounted
preparations are essential for this key.
1
Spinal and pleural sclerites fused on all
segments, and spinopleural sclerites also fused to marginal sclerites of ABD
TERG 6-8 (fig.
16A)
…..Adelges
pectinatae/pindrowi
–
Spinal and pleural sclerites of
mesothorax, metathorax and ABD TERG 1-5 not fused (sometimes touching) (fig.
16B)
…..2
2
Pleural sclerites without wax glands.
Spinal sclerites with well-developed wax pore plates along inner margins
(fig. 16B)
…..3
–
Pleural sclerites with wax glands.
Spinal sclerites with wax pore plates variably developed, located centrally
…..6
3
Wax pore plates on inner margins of meso-
and metathoracic spinal sclerites containing numerous small, mostly rounded,
pits (fig. 16C),
arranged in 2-4 areas of rather rounded shape, the most central area
containing 7-12 pits. Total number of pits in the central areas only
of the spinal wax pore plates of the meso- and metathorax plus ABD TERG 1-3
(i.e. a total of 10 central areas) is 57-104
…..Adelges
nordmannianae
–
Wax pore plates on inner margins of
meso- and metathoracic spinal sclerites divided into 3-4 angular or rounded
areas (fig. 16D), the most central area containing 2-8 relatively large pits
of irregular shape, rounded or polygonal. Total number of pits in central
areas of spinal wax pore plates of meso- and metathorax plus ABD TERG 1-3
(i.e. 10 central areas) is 18-79
…..4
4
Central areas of wax pore plates on
meso- and metathoracic spinal sclerites usually more-or-less rounded, each with
3-8 pits. Total number of pits on the 10 central areas (as defined in couplet
3) is in range 23-79 (usually more than 40)
….Adelges
merkeri
–
Central areas of wax pore plates on meso-
and metathoracic spinal sclerites often more-or-less triangular, each with
3-6 pits. Total number of pits on the 10 central areas is usually less than
40 (range 18-61)
…..5
5
Neosistens strongly sclerotised.
2nd instar sistens with a series of dark conical humps on the head,
thorax and 1st to 3rd (or 4th) abdominal segments, diminishing in size
posteriorly (fig.
16E)
…..Adelges
prelli
–
Neosistens variably sclerotised,
but usually with rather weak sclerotisation (at least in European
populations). 2nd instar sistens without pronounced sclerotic humps on
head, thorax and anterior abdominal segments
…..Adelges
piceae
6
Dorsal wax pore plates of mesothorax,
metathorax and abdomen comprising groups of 15-25 small rounded facets
…..Adelges
glandulae
–
Dorsal wax pore plates either much larger
and taking up most of the area of the sclerite, or much smaller and composed
of small groups of no more than 7 facets
…..7
7
Spinal, pleural and marginal
sclerites strongly sclerotised, those of the mesothorax, metathorax and
abdomen each almost fully occupied by a large wax pore plate composed of 2-5
segments separated by grooves, each segment having a reticulate structure (fig. 16F)
…..Adelges knucheli
–
Spinal, pleural and marginal
sclerites weakly sclerotised, with wax pore plates on mesothorax, metathorax
and abdomen much smaller, comprising only 2-7 grouped or loosely-connected
facets, and without reticulate structure
…..8
8
Marginal sclerites of meso- and metathorax
each with a single wax pore plate comprising a compact group of 4-7 facets (fig. 16G)
…..Adelges
joshii
–
Marginal sclerites of meso- and
metathorax each containing 2 distinct wax pore plates, each usually with 4
facets (fig. 16H)
[One or more of the
above polyphagous aphid species have been recorded from each of the following
Acacia spp.; alata, albida, arabica, ataxcantha, farnesiana, jonesii, karroo,
longifolia, murrayana, pennata, plumosa, rotundifolia, saligna, scorpioides,
visite.]
ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting beyond middle of
front of head in dorsal view. ANT length much less than BL, with PT shorter
than head width across (and including) eyes
…..2
–
ANT tubercles well developed, with inner faces divergent in dorsal
view. ANT length at least 0.9 × BL, with PT as long as or longer than head
width across eyes
[One or more
of the above polyphagous aphid species have been recorded from each of the
following Acalypha spp.; alopecuroides, aristata, australis, boehmeroides, capillipes,
ciliata, godseffiana, havanensis, hispida, ornata, segetalis, villicaulis,
virginica, wilkesiana.]
ANT tubercles poorly developed. ABD
TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu)
……2
–
ANT tubercles well developed, with inner faces divergent. ABD TERG
1 and 7 without MTu
……3
2
Dorsal abdomen with a solid black
patch. Cauda black
……Aphis craccivora
–
Dorsal abdomen unpigmented. Cauda pale or dusky
……Aphis gossypii
3
SIPH pale basally, slender, 20-35 × longer than diameter at
midlength, and with any polygonal reticulation extending for less than 0.1 of
length
…..Acyrthosiphon bidenticola
–
SIPH uniformly dark, thicker, 6-12 × diameter at midlength, with a
distal zone of reticulation consisting of numerous polygonal cells on
0.25-0.35 of length
There are several aphid genera which are
virtually specific to Acer, and within these genera there is a high
degree of monophagy, although a few species are able to colonise several Acer
species.
The first key takes adult aphid
specimens colonising any Acer to species, with the exception of the
two largest genera, Periphyllus (35 spp.) and Drepanaphis (20
spp.). The species of Acer are then listed in alphabetical order, with
a list of the aphids recorded from them followed by keys, where necessary, to
the species of Periphyllus and/or Drepanaphis.
Finally, a key is given to Periphyllus
spp. described from unidentified species of Acer, together with
the seven most polyphagous (oligophagous) species of this genus (acericola,
bulgaricus, californiensis, kuwanaii, lyropictus,
testudinaceus and villosii).
To identify an Acer-feeding
aphid, use the main key first, then if you know the species of Acer
refer to the alphabetical list to see whether your answer is appropriate,
using the subsidiary keys to Periphyllus and Drepanaphis if
necessary. If you have a species of Periphyllus from an unidentified Acer,
or one that does not appear in the alphabetical list, use the final key. The
final key may also help if your Periphyllus does not seem to be one of
those previously recorded from your species of Acer.
Except where otherwise stated, all the
keys can be applied to both apterous and alate viviparous females, but are
unlikely to work for fundatrices, oviparae and males.
Main
Key
1
PT short and stump-like, if finger-like
then PT/BASE no more than 0.5
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE clearly more than 0.5
…..17
2
SIPH pores placed at apices of broad,
pigmented, hairy cones (e..g. fig. 17)
…..3
–
SIPH absent, or present as small pores not
placed on pigmented, hairy cones
…..9
3
Rostrum short, less than one quarter of
body length
…..Longistigma
caryae
–
Rostrum longer than body
…..4
4
ANT V longer than ANT VI (incl. PT).
HT II less than 1.6 × longer than segment II of middle tarsus
…..5
–
ANT V shorter than ANT VI (incl.
PT). HT II more than 1.9 × longer than segment II of middle tarsus
…..8
5
HT II less than 1.4 × longer than
segment II of middle tarsus
…..6
–
HT II more than 1.4 × longer than
segment II of middle tarsus
…..7
6
ANT III of aptera 0.76-0.97 mm long,
2.6-3.4 × longer than ANT VI and bearing 14-34 rhinaria along its entire
length
…..Stomaphis
acquerinoi
–
ANT III of aptera 0.57-0.83 mm long,
1.8-2.5 × longer than ANT VI and bearing 0-13 rhinaria on its distal half
…..Stomaphis
graffii
7
Total antennal length 1.8-2.0 mm. ANT
III 0.56-0.66 mm long with 3-9 rhinaria on its distal half. Labrum bearing
more than 20 hairs on its elongated part over almost the entire length
…..Stomaphis longirostris
–
Total antennal length 2.0-2.6 mm.
ANT III 0.64-0.84 mm long with 6-21 rhinaria on its entire length. Labrum
bearing 0-7 hairs on basal half of its elongated part
…..Stomaphis
knechteli
8
HT II 1.9-2.1 × longer than segment
II of middle tarsus. ANT V 0.74-0.79 × ANT VI (incl. PT)
…..Stomaphis
aceris
–
HT II 2.5-2.7 × longer than segment
II of middle tarsus. ANT V 0.71-0.72 × ANT VI (incl. PT)
…..Stomaphis
takahashii
9
Apterae or spring migrant alatae
…..10
–
Alate sexuparae on twigs or bark in
autumn
…..13
10
Antennae of apterae 5- or 6-segmented,
about 0.33× BL. Spring migrant alatae with rather small, oval secondary
rhinaria confined to basal 0.7 of ANT III (fig.18A)
…..Neoprociphilus
aceris
–
Antennae of apterae 5-segmented, less
than 0.25× BL. Spring migrant alatae with transversely elongate secondary
rhinaria extending at least over ANT III to V
…..11
11
ANT III of aptera (= fundatrix) 1.2-1.9× ANT
V(including PT). ANT VI of spring
migrant alata without secondary rhinaria (except those associated with
primary rhinarium) (fig. 18B)
…..Mimeuria
ulmiphila
–
ANT III of aptera (= fundatrix)
1.0-1.1× ANT V. ANT VI of spring migrant alata with or without secondary
rhinaria
…..12
12
ANT VI of spring migrantalata
with 4-6 secondary rhinaria (fig. 18C)
…..Prociphilus
tessellatus
–
ANT VI of spring migrant alata with
0-1 secondary rhinaria
…..Prociphilus
mexicanus
13
BL 1.1-2.0 mm. ANT PT minute, 4-8 µm
long. ANT PT/BASE 0.03-0.06. HT II 0.11-0.16 mm, 1.1-1.3× R IV+V
…..Mimeuria
ulmiphila
–
BL 2.8-5.3 mm. ANT PT 25-60 µm long. ANT PT/BASE 0.10-019. HT II 0.2-0.4 mm, 1.4-2.5× R IV+V
…..14
14
Secondary rhinaria distributed III
14-21, IV 6-10, V 2-10, VI 0. R IV+V 0.13-0.16 mm, 0.6-0.7× HT II. ANT VI BASE
with 17-25 hairs. R IV+V without accessory hairs. Cauda with 3-4 hairs. First
tarsal segments with 3-4 hairs
…..Neoprociphilus
aceris
–
Secondary rhinaria distributed III
6-14, IV 2-5, V 1-5, VI 0-5. R IV+V 0.15-0.21 mm long. ANT VI BASE with 2-19
hairs. R IV+V with 2-13 accessory hairs. Cauda with 2-25 hairs. First tarsal
segments with (4-)5-7 hairs
…..15
15
Secondary rhinarianarrowly
transverse oval, with 1-5 on base of ANT VI (III 6-14, IV 2-5, V 2-5, VI base
1-5). Cauda with 20-25 hairs. R IV with 8-13 hairs. ANT VI base with 2-10
hairs
…..
Prociphilus tessellatus
–
Secondary rhinariaelongate
oval to oval, absent from base of ANT VI. Cauda with 2 hairs. R IV with 2-5
hairs. ANT VI base with 7-19 hairs
…..16
16
ANT VI base with 7-9 hairs. Secondary
rhinaria distributed ANT III 8-12, IV 3-5, V 3-5
….. Prociphilus
baicalensis
–
ANT VI base with 14-19 hairs. Secondary
rhinaria distributed ANT III 6-9, IV 1-3, V 0-3
…..Prociphilus
mexicanus
17
SIPH generally stump-shaped, those of aptera
with an apical zone of polygonal reticulation, and those of alata generally
with more extensive reticulation. Antennal hairs usually long and
conspicuous, mostly much longer than diameter of segment from which they
arise (except in one N American species on A. glabrum and one E Asian
species on A. rufinerve). Alatae never with dark markings on wings
…..Periphyllus
spp. (see separate keys)
–
SIPH of various shapes, those of apterae
without polygonal reticulation, or if with reticulation then they are tubular
and the adults are all alatae and usually have dark markings on wings.
Antennal hairs of various lengths,
often shorter than or not much longer than the width of the segment
from which they arise
…..18
18
Hairs on front of head and sides of
abdomen modified as flattened leaf-like lamellae (fig. 19A).
(Very small insects, BL less than 1 mm)
…..aestivating
first instars of Periphyllus spp. (or Trichaitophorus spp.)
–
Hairs not thus modified
…..19
19
Front of head and at least the sides of the
abdomen with long hairs, those on front of head exceeding length of ANT I
…..20
–
Dorsal hairs generally short, or if
spinal and/or marginal hairs are long then hairs on front of head are not
longer than ANT I
…..30
20
SIPH longer than basal width in both apterae
and alatae, conspicuously flared at apices (e.g. fig.
19B)
…..21
–
SIPH of apterae very short, usually
shorter than basal width and not or hardly flared at apices
…..23
21
ANT
PT/BASE less than 3.0. Longest hairs on ANT III usually less than 2 × basal
diameter of segment. R IV+V usually with 4 accessory hairs
…..Drepanosiphoniella
aceris
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 3.0. Hairs on ANT III varying greatly in length,
the longest of them often 3-5 × basal diameter of segment. R IV+V with up to
8 accessory hairs
…..22
22
SIPH dark. Cauda knobbed. ANT 1.06-1.19 × BL. Alata with dark pterostigma
…..Drepanosiphoniella fugans
–
SIPH pale. Cauda helmet-shaped, with little or no constriction. ANT
0.90-1.07 × BL. Alata with pale pterostigma
…..Drepanosiphoniella remaudierei*
23
Apterae
with spino-pleural hairs on abdomen as long and thick as marginal hairs, and
at least some of them with flattened or expanded apices
…..24
–
Apterae with spino-pleural abdominal
hairs often minute, sometimes long, but always with finely pointed apices
…..25
24
Abdominal tergites I-VII each with 1 or 2
spino-pleural and 2 marginal shorter hairs with flattened apices, besides 1
pair of spinal and 1 pair of marginal long and thick hairs. R IV+V without accessory
hairs. Marginal hairs of embryos are long, thick and acute, but the spinal
hairs are very short or indiscernible
…..Yamatochaitophorus
albus
–
Abdominal
tergites I-VII each with 3–10 spino-pleural (one occasionally), and 1–5 pairs
of marginal shorter hairs with flattened apices, besides 1 pair of spinal and
1 pair of marginal long and thick hairs. R IV+V with 1 or 2 accessory hairs.
In embryos, dorsal body with long, thick and acute spinal hairs, similar in
shape to marginal hairs
…..Yamatochaitophorus yichuenensis
25
Antennae of apterae 5- or 6-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE more than
2.0
…..Trichaitophorus
recurvispinus
–
Antennae of aptera 4-, 5- or 6-segmented,
with ANT PT/BASE less than 2.0
…..26
26
SIPH
black. Marginal hairs lanceolate; dilated in middle, with pointed apices (fig. 20A)
…..Trichaitophorus
aceris
–
SIPH pale or dark. Marginal hairs tapering
or cylindrical, pointed, rounded or blunt at their apices (e.g fig. 20B, C)
…..27
27
Mesonotum with only one long (posterior) marginal hair on each
side (e.g.fig.20B)
…..28
–
Mesonotum with 2 pairs of long marginal
hairs (fig 20C)
…..29
28
Body elongate oval, about twice as long as wide in dorsal view
…..Trichaitophorus japonicus
–
Body broadly oval, about 1.5-1.8 ×
as long as wide in dorsal view
…..Trichatophorus kominecola
29
ANT
III only about 2 × as long as ANT IV. ANT PT/BASE c.0.90-1.15. ABD TERG 1-5
with one long marginal hair on each side
…..Trichaitophorus
aenigmatosus*
–
ANT III 2.5-3.0 × longer than ANT IV. ANT
PT/BASE 1.2-2.2. ABD TERG 1-5 usually with 2-3 marginal hairs (1 long, 1-2
much shorter) on each side
…..Trichaitophorus koyaensis
30
SIPH truncate, distinctly shorter than
their basal width. ABD TERG 8 with a pair of very long thick hairs, other
dorsal hairs being short, thick and blunt
…..Trichaitophorus
ginnalarus*
–
SIPH of various shapes but longer
than their basal width. ABD TERG 8 without a pair of very long hairs and
other dorsal hairs not thick and blunt
…..31
31
Adult viviparous females all alate
(sometimes brachypterous). Cauda shorter than its width at base or, if
longer, then with a clear constriction and a knobbed apex
…..32
–
Adult viviparae apterous or alate. Cauda
never with a knobbed apex and usually longer than its basal width
SIPH
tubular, more than 4 times longer than their basal width, cylindrical,
tapering or slightly swollen in middle, without reticulated apices
…..33
–
SIPH usually flask-shaped, conical or
tapering, usually less than 4 times their basal width or, if longer, then
with some apical reticulation
…..41
33
Forewing with a dusky patch at tip between ends of Rs and M1 (fig. 21A)
…..Drepanosiphum
aceris
–
Forewing sometimes with dusky spots at
ends of veins, but not with pigment extending between vein endings
…..34
34
SIPH
tapering gradually from base to apex, rarely with any discernible swelling.
Pterostigma of forewing with a characteristically shaped dark band, thickened
near its proximal end (fig. 21B).
ANT III with less than 12 rhinaria
…..Drepanosiphum
braggii
–
SIPH with at least a slight swelling of
middle region. Pterostigma of forewing pale, or with either a uniformly thin
dark band or a dark distal patch. ANT III usually with more than 12 rhinaria
…..35
35
Dorsal abdomen with two broad, dark,
transverse bands on segments 4 and 5, that on segment 5 extending laterally
to almost touch the marginal sclerites in front of the SIPH (fig. 22A).
Pterostigma with a small dark patch at its distal extremity. Often
brachypterous or with short wings
…..Drepanosiphum
dixoni
–
Dorsal abdomen either without
transverse bars or with more, shorter, bars not extending to marginal
sclerites. Pterostigma without any distinct small dark patch. Always fully
winged
…..36
36
Fore
femora more than 1.5× thicker than mid- and hind femora
…..37
–
Fore femora less than 1.5× thicker than
mid- and hind femora, sometimes with a dark ventral stripe but this never
very conspicuous. ANT III pale or dusky at base
…..38
37
Fore femora with a very distinct broad black longitudinal ventral
stripe (fig.
22C). ANT III with a short black contrasting section near base, as dark
as the apex of the segment. R IV+V 0.5-0.8 × HT II
…..Drepanosiphum
oregonensis
–
Fore femora without a broad black
longitudinal ventral stripe. ANT III uniformly pale. R IV+V 0.8-1.3 × HT II
…..Drepanosiphum
latifemorum*
38
PT
less than 0.7 ×ANT III, PT/BASE 6.0-7.0. R IV+V at least 0.14 mm.BL 3.1-4.3
mm. With or without a black patch in front of each SIPH
…..39
–
PT more than 0.7× ANT III, PT/BASE
7.5-12.0. R IV+V less than 0.14 mm. BL 2.1-3.3 mm. With a black patch in
front of each SIPH
…..40
39
Either with no dorsal or marginal abdominal markings
(spring/summer) or with a series of brown-black transverse dorsal bars
and marginal sclerites including a large black ante-siphuncular sclerite
(autumn)
…..Drepanosiphum
platanoidis
–
Always with a single black sclerite just
in front of each SIPH, even in specimens without dorsal abdominal bars (fig. 22B)
…..Drepanosiphum
iranicum
40
SIPH with conspicuously dark tips, even in
very pale specimens, and often wholly dusky or dark. ANT III with 9-15
rhinaria
…..Drepanosiphum
acerinum
–
SIPH usually pale, without
conspicuously dark tips. ANT III with 15-26 rhinaria
…..Drepanosiphum
caucasicum
41
SIPH without any reticulation at apices.
Forewings either clear or with pigment only along wing veins
…..42
–
SIPH with subapical reticulation.
Forewings often with areas of dark pigment extending between wing veins, or at
least between Rs and media
…..43
42
SIPH truncate, not swollen on basal half and
with a very small flange (fig. 22D ).
Abdomen with only small dorsal processes. Primary rhinarium on ANT VI without
a medium-sized secondary rhinarium proximal to it
…..Shenahweum
minutum
–
SIPH flask-shaped, with swollen base,
narrow “neck” and well-developed apical flange (fig. 22E). Abdomen
usually with conspicuous pigmented dorsal processes. Primary rhinarium on ANT
VI with a medium-sized secondary rhinarium proximal to it, and usually
another distal to it
…..Drepanaphis
spp. (see separate keys)
43
SIPH
more than 0.6 mm long
…..44
–
SIPH less than 0.5 mm long
…..47
44
ANT
PT/BASE less than 1.5
…..Yamatocallis sauteri
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 1.6
…..45
45
Forewing with Rs and distal branches of M heavily bordered with black, and cubital veins dark for most of length (fig. 22F). ANT III with 12-21(rarely up to 26) rhinaria
…..Yamatocallis takagii
–
Forewing if with pigmentation then this
is more evenly distributed, not concentrated along Rs. Cubital veins not
dark. ANT III with 14-36 rhinaria
…..46
46
ANT III with 29-36 secondary rhinaria. Primary rhinarium on ANT V
very large
…..Yamatocallis acericola
–
ANT III with 14-28 secondary rhinaria.
Primary rhinarium on ANT V of normal size, about equal in diameter to base of
ANT V
…..Yamatocallis
brevicauda
47
Wing
membrane pale, except at bases of veins, or with only dusky patches distally
near RS and M
….48
–
Wing membrane with dark pigmentation extending between wing veins (figs 22G, H)
…..49
48
R
IV+Vshorter than (c. 0.7×) HT II and bearing 4-5 accessory hairs.
SIPH with reticulation extending almost over distal half of length
…..Yamatocallis
obscura*
–
R IV+V c. 1.5× HT II and bearing c.
20 accessory hairs. SIPH with only 2-3 subapical rows of polygonal cells
…..Yamatocallis
acerisucta*
49
SIPH wholly dark brown to black. ANT III with secondary rhinaria
arranged irregularly, not in a single row
…..Yamatocallis
nikkoensis*
–
SIPH pale brown. ANT III with secondary rhinaria in a single row
….50
50
Forewing mostly pigmented, except for hind
margin (fig.
22H). ANT III 2.4-3.1× base of ANT VI
…..Yamatocallis
tokyoensis
–
Forewing pigmented on anterior half
only (fig. 22G). ANT III 3.2-5.6 times base of ANT VI
Key
to Periphyllus species (apterae) on A. caesium:-
1
Apterae elongate oval, BL 3.2-3.9 mm.SIPH pale.Cauda constricted at base
…..2
–
Apterae oval, BL 2.3-2.7 mm. SIPH
dark. Cauda not constricted at base
…..3
2
R IV+V 0.21-0.24 mm.Cauda
with16-29 hairs. SIPH 1.3-1.5× longer than their basal widths
…..changlai
–
R IV+V (0.15-) 0.18-0.19 mm. Cauda with
8-10 hairs. SIPH 2.3-3.4× longer than their basal widths
…..villosii
3
SIPH more than 1.5 × HT II
…..caesium
–
SIPH 0.6-1.3 × HT II
…..4
4
SIPH contrastingly dark and with only
subapical reticulation. Both hairs on ANT VI BASE are long and of similar length;
the longer hair not more than 1.5 × the length of the shorter hair
…..vandenboschi
–
SIPH dusky/dark and with reticulation
over about half of length. The longer of the 2 hairs on ANT VI BASE 1.8-4.0 ×
the length of the shorter hair
Cauda broadly rounded (crescent-shaped), less
than half as long as basal width (fig. 23A).
ANT PT/BASE of aptera 2.0-3.6 (of alata, 1.9-4.1)
…..2
–
Cauda broadly tongue-shaped or with a
constriction near base, more than half as long as its basal width (fig. 23B-D
). ANT PT/BASE of aptera 3.2-6.9 (of alata, 3.7-6.7)
…..7
2
Hind tibiae uniformly pale
…..3
–
Hind tibiae at least pigmented at
base and apex
…..6
3
Apterae with at least some of dorsal hairs
dusky or black, even in the palest specimens. Dorsal pigmentation of apterae
variable, but darkest specimens have dark head and segmental cross-bands
..…4
–
Apterae with dorsal hairs pale, and
dorsal pigmentation often lacking, never very dark, nor extensive
…..5
4
ABD TERG 1-6 with only one pair of long dark spinal hairs per segment.
ANT PT/BASE c. 1.2
…..minutus
–
ABD TERG 1-6 with at least 3 pairs of long dark spino-pleural hairs per
segment. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.9
…..bulgaricus
5
Cauda with not more than 20
hairs. Longer of 2 hairs on base of
ANT VI in aptera 2.25-3.5 × longer, in alata 2.5-3.0 × longer, than the
shorter one; the latter 20-40 μm long and not reaching beyond primary
rhinarium
…..acericola
–
Cauda with more than 20 hairs. Longer of 2 hairs on base of ANT VI in
aptera 1.4-3.2 × longer, in alata 1.4-2.4 × longer, than the shorter one; the
latter 25-100 μm long and reaching beyond primary rhinarium
…..aceris
6
Hind tibiae uniformly dark
…..californiensis
–
Hind tibiae with pale middle
region, contrasting with dark base and distal section
…..testudinaceus
7
The 2 hairs on base of ANT VI very
unequal in length, the longer one more than 4 × as long as the shorter one,
which is less than half length of base of ANT VI (including primary rhinarial
complex) (e.g. fig.
24A)
…..8
–
The 2 hairs on base of ANT VI both long
and fine, the longer one 1.3-3.0× the shorter, which is more than half length
of base of ANT VI (e.g. fig. 24B)
…..9
8
Length of the shorter of the 2 hairs on
base of ANT VI less than basal diameter of segment. Apterae with long hairs
on antennae, legs and dorsum all blunt or slightly expanded at their apices,
and with SIPH at least 1.5 × longer than their basal widths (fig. 25A)
…..hirticornis
–
Length of the shorter of the 2 hairs on base of ANT VI greater than basal diameter of segment. Apterae with long hairs on antennae, legs and dorsum all fine-pointed, and with SIPH about as long as or only a little longer than their basal widths (fig. 25B)
…..venetianus
9
SIPH pale or only slightly dusky, 2.3-3.4
× longer than their basal widths
…..villosii
–
SIPH dark and only about as long as
their basal widths
SIPH of aptera a little shorter than
their basal width, with only 1-2 indistinct rows of polygonal cells
…..minutus
–
SIPH of aptera a little longer than
their basal width with about 6-7 rows of polygonal cells
…..aceris
3
ANT PT/BASE more than 2.5. Aptera
with a pattern of discrete sclerites on dorsum
…..testudinaceus
–
ANT PT/BASE less than 1.5. Aptera with broad dark bands across all abdominal tergites, merging intersegmentally
…..ginnalae
A.
glabrum
Rocky Mountain Maple
Periphyllus
americanus, brevispinosus
Key
to Periphyllus species on A. glabrum:-
–
Longest hairs on antennae more than
2.5 × basal diameter of ANT III. ANT PT/BASE more than 2.0
…..americanus
–
Longest hairs on antennae only a
little longer than basal diameter of ANT III. ANT PT/BASE less than 2.0
…..brevispinosus
A. granatense
Drepanosiphum oregonensis;
Periphyllus
acericola, bulgaricus, testudinaceus
Use key to Periphyllus spp. on
A. campestre.
A. grandidentatum
Western
Big-toothed Maple
Drepanaphis
granovskyi, idahoensis, knowltoni,
utahensis;
Drepanosiphum
platanoidis;
Periphyllus americanus,
testudinaceus
Key to Drepanaphis
spp. on A. grandidentatum:-
1
Fore femora pigmented along their entire
lengths, especially dorsally. Dorsal tubercles on ABD TERG 3 well developed,
pigmented, united for about half their lengths; those on ABD TERG 1
undeveloped and those on ABD TERG 2 small (fig. 26A)
…..knowltoni
–
Fore femora pale, or dusky at their distal
ends only. Dorsal abdominal tubercles variably developed
…..2
2
ANT PT/BASE more than 8.0. Dorsal abdominal
tubercles all pigmented, those on ABD TERG 3 well developed, dark, united for
about half their lengths; those on ABD TERG 2 conical, about one third as
long; those on ABD TERG 1 small (fig. 26B)
…..idahoensis
–
ANT PT/BASE less than 7.0
…..3
3
Dorsal tubercles on ABD TERG 3
bluntly conical, united at bases, usually pigmented; those on ABD TERG 1 and
2 undeveloped or small. ANT PT/BASE 6.0-7.0 (fig. 26C)
…..utahensis
–
Tubercles on ABD TERG 1, 2 and 3 all small, only 0.5-2.0 × their basal widths, not united at bases, always pale (fig. 26D). ANT PT/BASE 5.0-6.0
Hind tibiae with middle part much paler than
base or distal section, and hind femora with pale basal half and
contrastingly dark distal half. Longer of the 2 hairs on ANT BASE VI 21-47 µm
long. SIPH of both aptera and alata dark
…..testudinaceus
–
Legs without contrasting pigmentation.
Longer of 2 hairs on ANT BASE VI 45-130 µm long. SIPH of aptera pale
…..2
2
ANT PT/BASE more than 4.0. Aptera with most
of the long dorsal hairs pale, blunt or slightly furcate at their apices
…..hirticornis
–
ANT PT/BASE less than 3.5. Long dorsal
hairs all fine-pointed, and at least those on ABD TERG 5-8 are dark-pigmented
…..3
3
Aptera with long spinal hairs on ABD TERG
5-8 (or 4-8) much darker than spinal hairs on more anterior tergites. Longer
of 2 hairs on ANT BASE VI 0.8-1.3 × length of ANT BASE VI, and shorter hair
0.25-0.47 × BASE VI
…..rhenanus
–
Aptera with long spinal hairs similarly
pigmented on all ABD TERG. Longer of 2 hairs on ANT BASE VI 0.3-0.8 × length
of BASE VI, and shorter hair 0.12-0.27 × BASE VI
Tibiae with middle part much paler than
base or distal section
…..testudinaceus
–
Tibiae rather uniformly pigmented, dusky
or dark
…..2
2
Aptera and alata both with a clear
pattern of dorsal dark markings, the alata with broad transverse bars and the
aptera with either bars or paired spots. Longest hair on base of ANT VI
usually more than half as long as base of ANT VI. Alata with 10-23 rhinaria
on ANT III
…..californiensis
–
Aptera and alata with only faint dorsal abdominal markings. Longest hair on base of ANT VI always less than half as long as base of ANT VI. Alata with 3-10 rhinaria on ANT III
…..negundinis
A.
nigrum
Black Maple, Hard Maple
Drepanaphis carolinensis, kanzensis,
knowltoni
(all vagrants?)
Key
to Drepanaphis spp. on A. nigrum:-
1
Fore femora pale
…..kanzensis
–
Fore femora pigmented along entire
length, especially dorsally
…..2
2
ANT PT/BASE more than 8.0. Tubercles on
ABD TERG 3 finger-like, united for more than half their lengths; those on ABD
TERG 2 and 4 very small, those on ABD TERG 1 undeveloped (fig. 26A)
…..knowltoni
–
ANT PT/BASE less than 7.0.
Tubercles on ABD TERG 3 conical, united only at base; those on ABD TERG 1, 2
and 4 half as long, subequal, finger-like (fig. 26E)
Cauda semicircular. Dorsal abdomen of aptera with only small scleroites at bases of hairs
…..pakistanicus
–
Cauda broadly rounded
(crescent-shaped). Dorsal abdomen of aptera either without sclerotisation or
with either cross-bands or longitudinal rows of spinal sclerites each having
two hairs
…..2
2
Dorsal abdomen of aptera without dark
sclerites. SIPH short and very dark, only 0.7-0.8 × HT II
…..vandenboschi
–
Dorsal abdomen of aptera either
cross-bands or longitudinal rows of spinal sclerites each having two hairs.
SIPH as long as or longer than HT II
…..3
3
Hind femur mostly dark except at base.
Hind tibiae uniformly dark. Longest hair on base of ANT VI usually more than
half as long as base of ANT VI
…..californiensis
–
Hind femur with pale basal half and
contrastingly dark distal half. Hind tibiae with pale middle region,
contrasting with dark base and distal section. Longer of the two hairs on
base of ANT VI always less than 0.5 ×
length of base of ANT VI (fig. 24C)
ANT PT/BASE less than 3.0. Dorsum of
aptera with dark transverse bars or paired sclerites
…..2
2
Hind tibiae of aptera uniformly dark. Head
with 4-5 pairs of dorsal hairs
…..californiensis
–
Hind tibiae of aptera at least with
central section paler. Head with 6-10 pairs of dorsal hairs
…..3
3
ANT PT/BASE more than 2.0
…..kuwanaii
–
ANT PT/BASE less than 2.0
…..4
4
Longest dorsal cephalic hair 4-4.5 × basal diameter of ANT III
…..hokkaidensis*
–
Longest dorsal cephalic hair about 2.7 × basal diameter of ANT III
…..brevisetosus*
A. platanoides
Norway
Maple
Drepanaphis
acerifoliae;
Drepanosiphum
[acerinum], [aceris],
platanoidis;
Mimeuria ulmiphila;
Periphyllus
[acericola], aceris,
californiensis,
coracinus, [kuwanaii],
lyropictus, testudinaceus,
[viridis];
Stomaphis
graffii, [quercus]
Key
to Periphyllus spp. on A. platanoides:-
1
Cauda tongue-shaped, about as long as
broad, and often with a slight constriction (knobbed) (fig. 23D)
…..lyropictus
–
Cauda broadly rounded or
crescent-shaped, clearly shorter than its basal width (fig. 23A)
…..2
2
Hind tibia with pale middle region
contrasting with dark base and distal section. Longer of 2 hairs on base of
ANT VI less than half as long as length of base of ANT VI (fig. 24C)
…..testudinaceus
–
Hind tibia pale or uniformly pigmented.
Longer of 2 hairs on base of ANT VI more than half as long as length of base
of ANT VI
…..3
3
ANT PT/BASE 3.7-4.8. Longer of the 2 hairs
on ANT BASE VI longer than BASE VI. SIPH dark distally, pale at base
…..coracinus
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.8-2.7. Longer of 2 hairs on
ANT BASE VI shorter than BASE VI. SIPH of aptera uniformly pale or dark
…..4
4
Hind tibia and SIPH pale
…..aceris
–
Hind tibia and SIPH dark
…..californiensis
A. pseudoplatanus
European
Sycamore
Aulacorthum
solani;
Drepanosiphum
acerinum, [aceris],
dixoni,
[iranicum], oregonensis, platanoidis;
Macrosiphum euphorbiae;
Periphyllus
acericola, [aceris],
americanus,
[bulgaricus], [coracinus], [lyropictus],
[nevskyii], singeri,
testudinaceus;
Stomaphis
acquerinoi, graffii
Key
to Periphyllus spp. on A. pseudoplatanus:-
1
Longer of 2 hairs on base of ANT VI less
than half as long as base of ANT VI
…..2
–
Longer of 2 hairs on base of ANT VI more
than half as long as base of ANT VI
…..3
2
Aptera with only very pale dorsal
abdominal sclerites. Alata with normally at least 8 long hairs on each of ABD
TERG 1 to 7. Tibiae pale or rather evenly pigmented, or darkening distally
…..americanus
–
Aptera with a clear pattern of dark
dorsal abdominal sclerites. Alata normally with only 6 long hairs on each of
ABD TERG 1 to 7. Tibiae with very pale middle region contrasting with dark
base and distal section
…..testudinaceus
3
SIPH of aptera dusky to dark, shorter than
their basal diameters. ANT PT/BASE more than 4.0 (except in early spring apterae)
…..singeri
–
SIPH of aptera pale, a little
longer than their basal diameters. ANT PT/BASE less than 3.0
Fore femora pigmented along entire length,
especially dorsally
…..2
–
Fore femora pale, or dusky at distal ends
only
…..4
2
All wing veins distinctly dark-bordered.
Tubercles on ABD TERG 1 well developed, almost as long as those on ABD TERG 3
(fig. 26F)
……..acerifoliae
–
Wing veins not dark-bordered except for
pterostigma and basal part of Rs. Tubercles on ABD TERG 1 either much smaller
than those on ABD TERG 3, or undeveloped
…..3
3
ANT PT/BASE less than 7.0. Tubercles
on ABD TERG 1 to 4 all well developed; those on ABD TERG 1 and 2 finger-like
and of about equal length, about half the height of the broadly conical
tubercles on ABD TERG 3, which are united near their bases (fig. 26E)
…..carolinensis
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 8.0. Only tubercles on
ABD TERG 3 well developed, united for about half their lengths; others
undeveloped of inconspicuous (fig. 26A)
…..knowltoni
4
ANT I and II both as dark as head. Abdomen
with dark ventral sclerites
…..5
–
ANT II much paler than ANT I, like base of
ANT III. Abdomen with ventral sclerites rather faint, or absent
…..6
5
ANT III with 8-22 (usually 11+) rhinaria.
Never more than 4 small accessory rhinaria alongside the large primary
rhinarium on ANT VI
…..nigricans
–
ANT III with 5-14 rhinaria (usually less
than 11). ANT VI with 5-14 small accessory rhinaria alongside the main
primary rhinarium
…..tissoti
6
Wing veins diffusely bordered with fuscous,
giving wings a slightly cloudy appearance (best seen with hand lens). ANT III
with 6-17 rhinaria (usually 10 or more)
…..parva
–
Wings clear. ANT III with 2-12 rhinaria
(usually less than 0)
…..saccharini
A. rufinerve
Red-Vein
Maple
Trichaitophorus
koyaensis
A. saccharinum
Silver
or White Maple
Drepanaphis
acerifoliae, [parvus], [sabrinae],
saccharini;
Drepanosiphum
platanoidis;
Prociphilus
(Paraprociphilus) tessellatus;
Periphyllus
[acericola], [aceris],
americanus,
lyropictus, testudinaceus
Key
to Drepanaphis spp. on A. saccharinum:-
–
Fore femora pigmented along entire
length, especially dorsally. All wing veins distinctly dark-bordered.
Tubercles on ABD TERG 1 long and finger-like, much longer than those on ABD
TERG 2, almost as long as those on ABD TERG 3 (fig. 26F)
…..acerifoliae
–
Fore femora pale. Wing veins not
dark-bordered (except pterostigma and basal part of Rs. Tubercles on ABD TERG
1 about equally developed to those on ABD TERG 2, much shorter than those on
ABD TERG 3 (fig. 26G)
Cauda more than half as long as wide,
with a slight basal constriction (fig 23D).
Longer of the 2 hairs on base of ANT VI very long and fine, longer than
length of base of ANT VI
…..lyropictus
–
Cauda broadly rounded, less than half as
long as its basal width (fig. 23A). Longer of 2 hairs on base of ANT VI less
than half as long as length of base of ANT VI (including rhinarium)
…..2
2
Aptera with only very faint dorsal
abdominal markings. Alata with normally at least 8 long hairs on each of ABD TERG
1 to 7. Tibiae pale, or rather evenly pigmented, or darkening distally
…..americanus
–
Aptera with a clear pattern of dorsal
abdominal sclerites. Alata with normally only 6 long hairs on each of ABD
TERG 1 to 7. Tibiae with pale middle region contrasting with dark base and
distal section
Fore femora pigmented along entire
lengths, especially dorsally
…..2
–
Fore femora pale, or only dusky towards
apices
…..6
2
Wing veins distinctly dark-bordered
…..3
–
Wing veins not dark-bordered (except for
pterostigma and base of Rs)
…..4
3
Tubercles on ABD TERG 1 to 4 all
conspicuous; those on ABD TERG 1 and 3 long and finger-like, those on 1
almost as long as those on 3 (fig.26F )
…..acerifoliae
–
Tubercles on ABD TERG 3 well developed,
united for at least half of their lengths; those on ABD TERG 1, 2 and 4
undeveloped or inconspicuous (fig. 26H)
…..keshenae
4
ANT PT/BASE more than 9.0. Only the
tubercles on ABD TERG 3 well developed, united for about half their lengths;
those on ABD TERG 1, 2 and 4 inconspicuous or undeveloped (fig.26A)
…..knowltoni
–
ANT PT/BASE less than 8.0. Tubercles on
ABD TERG 1 to 4 all developed, although those on ABD TERG 1, 2 and 4 often
smaller than those on 3
…..5
5
Tubercles on ABD TERG 3 about twice as
long as those on ABD TERG 2, which are of similar length to those on ABD TERG
1 and 4 (fig.
26E). On ANT VI, 4 small accessory sensoria alongside the main primary
rhinarium
…..carolinensis
–
Tubercles on ABD TERG 2 almost as long as
those on 3, clearly longer than those on 1 and much longer than those on 4
(fig. 26I). On ANT VI, 5-6 small accessory sensoria alongside the primary
rhinarium
….sabrinae
6
ANT PT/BASE less than 6.0. All dorsal
abdominal tubercles well developed, with those on ABD TERG 1 largest (fig. 26J)
…..simpsoni
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 8.0. Dorsal
abdominal tubercles variably developed, but those on ABD TERG 3 always
largest
…..7
7
ANT II concolorous with ANT III, paler
than ANT I
…..8
–
ANT II much darker than ANT III, as dark
as ANT I
…..9
8
Wing veins diffusely bordered, giving
wings a cloudy appearance (view with hand lens). Tubercles on ABD TERG 1 to 4
well developed, although those on ABD TERG 1, 2 and 4 only one quarter to one
half of the height of those on the ABD TERG 3 (fig. 26K)
…..parva
–
Wings clear. Tubercles on ABD TERG 3 well
developed, but those on ABD ERG 1, 2 and 4 undeveloped or very small (fig.
26L)
…..kanzensis
9
Dorsal body hairs, including those
on abdominal tubercles, clearly longer than basal diameter of ANT III, and with distinctly expanded
apices. ANT III with 3-5 rhinaria
…..choanotricha
–
Dorsal body hairs mostly shorter than, or as short as, basal diameter of ANT III, and with blunt or only very slightly expanded apices. ANT III with 7-16 rhinaria
…..tissoti
A. semenovii
Drepanosiphum oregonensis;
Periphyllus karatavicus, nevskyii
Key to Periphyllus
species on A. semenovii:-
–
Apterae without dorsal abdominal markings
…..karatavicus
–
Apterae with a dark dorsal abdominal
patch
…..nevskyii
A. shirasawanum
Yamatocallis nikkoensis
A. sinense
Chinese
Maple
Periphyllus
testudinaceus
A. spicatum
Mountain
Maple
Drepanaphis
spicata
A. sterculiacium
[Chaitophorus clarus]; Periphyllus
villosii;
Trichaitophorus aceris; Yamatocallis
brevicauda;
Yamatochaitophorus albus
A. stevenii
Drepanosiphum
oregonensis;
Periphyllus
steveni, testudinaceus
Key to separate Periphyllus spp. on
A. stevenii:-
–
BL of aptera less than 2.4 mm. ANT
PT/BASE c.2.0. First tarsal segments with 5 hairs. Aestivating nymphs with
long pointed hairs
…..steveni
–
BL of aptera more than 2.4 mm. ANT
PT/BASE 2.5-3.7. First tarsal segments usually with 7 hairs. Aestivating
nymphs with foliate hairs
Cauda as long as its basal width, often
with a slight constriction, so that the apical part is a knob (fig. 23D)
…..2
–
Cauda shorter than its basal width,
without a trace of a constriction (fig. 23A)
…..3
2
SIPH dark in alata, pale to dusky in
aptera, conical, about as long as their basal widths. ANT PT/BASE 4.5-6.0.
Rhinaria on ANT III of alata extending at least 0.6 of length of segment
…..lyropictus
–
SIPH of both aptera and alata pale,
almost cylindrical, more than 2× longer than their basal widths. ANT PT/BASE
less than 4.0. Rhinaria on ANT III of alata confined to basal half of segment
…..villosii
3
SIPH of aptera jet black,
contrasting greatly with pale body and appendages (except possibly
extremities of tarsi and base of ANT VI). First tarsal segments all with 5
hairs
…..vandenboschi
–
SIPH of aptera pale to dark brown, not
clearly darker than other parts of body. First tarsal segments with 5 or 7
hairs
…..4
4
Cauda semicircular with only 5-6
hairs. Dorsal abdomen of aptera without dark markings
…..pallidus
–
Cauda broadly rounded (crescent-shaped)
with at least 7 hairs. Dorsal abdomen of aptera with or without dark markings
…..5
5
BL (of aptera) less than 1.4 mm
…..tokyoensis
–
BL more than 1.4 mm, and mostly more
than 2 mm
…..6
6
ANT III of alata with 28-50 rhinaria, and
ANT IV with 2-9 rhinaria
…..7
–
ANT III of alata with 6-34 rhinaria, and
ANT IV without any rhinaria
…..9
7
SIPH shorter than HT II. ANT PT/BASE of
alata more than 3.0
…..formosanus
–
SIPH as long as or longer than HT II.
ANT PT/BASE of alata less than 2.8
…..8
8
BL of aptera 1.8-2.2 mm, of alata 2.0-2.5
mm. Antennae of alata pale basally, with 2-6 rhinaria on ANT IV
…..bengalensis
–
BL of alata 2.9-3.5 mm (aptera not
described). Antennae of alata wholly dark, with 5-9 rhinaria on ANT IV
…..himalayensis
9
Hind femur with pale basal half and
contrastingly dark distal half. Longer of the 2 hairs on base of ANT VI 21-47 µm long, always less than 0.5×
length of base of ANT VI (fig. 24C).
ANT PT/BASE 2.5-4.2 (always more than 3.0 in alatae)
…..testudinaceus
–
Hind femur either entirely pale or
mostly dark except at base. Longer of the 2 hairs on base of ANT VI 45-95 µm
long, 0.3-1.3× length of base of ANT VI. ANT PT/BASE 1.6-3.7 (less than 3.0
except in alatae of bulgaricus)
…..10
10
Hind tibiae wholly dark
…..californiensis
–
Hind tibiae pale at least in middle
section
…..11
11
Apterae in spring with front of head pale,
and rarely with any dorsal markings. Dorsal hairs all pale
…..acericola
–
Apterae in spring usually with front of head dark, dusky to dark transverse bars or paired patches on ABD TERG 1 to 6, and the long spinal hairs, or at least those on ABD TERG 5-8, dark-pigmented
…..12
12
Aptera with long spinal hairs on ABD
TERG 5-8 (or 4-8) much darker than spinal hairs on more anterior tergites.
Longer of 2 hairs on ANT BASE VI 0.8-1.3 × length of ANT BASE VI, and shorter
hair 0.25-0.47× BASE VI
…..rhenanus
–
Aptera with long spinal hairs similarly pigmented on all ABD TERG. Longer of 2 hairs on ANT BASE VI 0.3-0.8 × length of BASE VI, and shorter hair 0.12-0.27× BASE VI
…..13
13
ABD TERG VI of aptera with longest hairs
270-480 µm
…..bulgaricus
–
ABD
TERG VI of aptera with longest hairs 120-240 µm
[Miraphoides achilleae Rusanova
1943; nomen dubium]
[Triocula distorta Rusanova
1943; nomen dubium]
Uroleucon alaskense, astronomus, [kamtshaticum]
For an account of aphids of the genera Macrosiphoniella
and Uroleucon on A. millefolium in Germany see Sobhani (1970a, b).
Key
to apterae on Achillea:-
1
PT much shorter than base
of last ANT segment
…..2
–
PT clearly longer than base of last ANT segment
…..4
2
HT II very elongate, more than 0.5 of length of hind tibia. Body and
appendages densely hairy
……3
–
HT II of normal length. Body and appendages sparsely hairy
…..Pemphigus sp(p)
3
Compound eyes present. Siphunculi present, raised on shallow pigmented
cones
…..Protrama flavescens
–
Eyes of only 3 facets (triommatidia). Siphunculi absent
…..Trama troglodytes
4
Marginal abdominal tubercles
(MTu) absent or present, but if present they are usually only on ABD TERG 2-4
(-6) and only rarely on ABD TERG 1 or 7
……5
–
MTu always present at least on ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..41
5
ANT tubercles absent or weakly developed, so that front of head has
convex outline in dorsal view, with middle part projecting furthest forward
…..6
–
ANT tubercles variably developed, but if low they are broadly
divergent, so that the front of the head is concave in dorsal view
…..9
6
Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, longer than its basal width. Eye with
ocular tubercle indistinct and displaced ventrally, so inconspicuous in dorsal view (Fig.5a)
……7
–
Cauda helmet-shaped, distinctly constricted at base and as long as
broad. Eye with protruberant ocular tubercle, positioned at posterior margin
…..8
7
Dorsal body hairs short, inconspicuous. ANT PT only 1.1-1.4 × BASE
VI. SIPH 1.3-1.8 × cauda
……Coloradoa achilleae
–
Dorsal body hairs long, with fan-shaped apices (Fig.5b). ANT PT at least 2 × BASE VI. SIPH shorter than cauda
……Coloradoa santolinae
8
Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid black shield. ANT III 0.31-0.47 mm, 2.4-3.4 × HT II. R IV+V 0.17-0.24 mm. SIPH dark, imbricated, 1.7-3.4 × cauda
…..Brachycaudus cardui
–
Dorsal abdomen without a black shield. ANT III 0.07-0.25 mm, 0.9-2.2 ×
HT II. R IV+V 0.10-0.15 mm. SIPH pale, smooth, 0.8-2.0 × cauda
……Brachycaudus helichrysi
9
Dorsal hairs numerous and long, with fan-shaped or clearly expanded apices (Fig.5c)
……10
–
Dorsal hairs short or long, but if long then with blunt or pointed
apices
……15
10
SIPH 0.31-1.0 × cauda
…..11
–
SIPH more than 1.5 × cauda
…..13
11
Dorsal fan-shaped hairs very numerous, e.g. usually more than
25 on ABD TERG 6 between SIPH, and 28-45 on dorsal surface of head (not
including those projecting forward between ANT bases). SIPH 0.61-1.0 × cauda.
ANT III with 1-2 secondary rhinaria
..…Pleotrichophorus patonkusellus
–
Dorsal
fan-shaped hairs less numerous, e.g. less than 20 on ABD TERG 6 between SIPH,
and 14-25 on dorsal surface of head (Fig.5c). SIPH
0.31-0.75 × cauda. ANT III with 1-8 secondary rhinaria
.….12
12
R IV+V 0.12-0.13 mm long, 0.86-1.09 × HT II. SIPH 0.14-0.21 mm long,
0.62-0.75 × cauda
.….Pleotrichophorus patonkus
–
R IV+V 0.09-0.12 mm long, 0.71-0.92 × HT II. SIPH 0.08-0.18 mm long, 0.31-0.67 × cauda
..…Pleotrichophorus pseudopatonkus
13
ANT 0.87-1.17 × BL, with PT 3.1-4.1 × BASE
VI
……Pleotrichophorus duponti
–
ANT 1.24-1.57 × BL, with PT 4.3-6.2 × BASE VI
…..14
14
SIPH 0.25-0.29 × BL and
2.3-2.9 × cauda
…..Pleotrichophorus achilleae
–
SIPH 0.15-0.21 × BL and 1.6-2.0 × cauda
…..Pleotrichophorus hottesi
15
SIPH tiny, no longer than wide, much less than 0.5 of length of the
short triangular cauda, and less than 0.3 × HT II (eg. Fig.5d, e)
…..16
–
SIPH very evident, only shorter than cauda when the latter is long,
dark and finger-like, and always clearly longer than HT II
…..18
16
Hairs on front of head, cauda and ANT III all less than 0.5 × diameter
of BD III
……Microsiphum nudum
–
Hairs on front of head and cauda longer than ANT BD III. Hairs on ANT
III maximally more than 0.5 × BD III
……17
17
ANT PT/BASE 5.0-8.0. ANT PT 1.7-2.2 × ANT III. SIPH 0.9-1.5 × longer
than their basal widths
…..Microsiphum ptarmicae*
–
ANT
PT/BASE 3.7-5.2. ANT PT 1.2-1.6 × ANT III. SIPH 0.6-1.0 × as long as their
basal widths
…..Microsiphum millefolii
18
SIPH pale at least over most of length, sometimes dusky or dark
apically, and if with subapical polygonal reticulation then this is confined
to distal 0.2 or less of length
SIPH dusky or dark over at least half of length, with polygonal
reticulation extending over distal 0.06-0.70
…..19
19
Cauda tapering, triangular, less than 1.5 times longer than its basal
width (e.g. Fig.5f).
ANT tubercles very weakly developed, so that front of head is very shallowly
concave in dorsal view
…..20
–
Cauda finger-like, more than 2 times its basal width. ANT tubercles
variably developed
……23
20
Dorsal abdominal hairs very short and blunt
……21
–
Dorsal abdominal hairs long, like ventral abdominal hairs
…..22
21
Longest hairs on ANT III 0.5-0.6 × BD III. Cauda with 11-20 hairs
…..Metopeurum fuscoviride
–
Longest hairs on ANT III about as ong as BD III. Cauda with c.8 hairs
…..Metopeurum millefolii*
22
ANT III with 5-8 rhinaria
…..Metopeurum achilleae
–
ANT III with 28-32 rhinaria
……Metopeurum capillatum*
23
SIPH 0.6-1.0 × cauda
……24
–
SIPH
1.1-2.9 × cauda
……29
24
Tibiae entirely dark brown to black
…..25
–
Tibiae with middle section paler
…..27
25
BL only 1.3-1.6 mm. Cauda with 10-12 hairs
……Macrosiphoniella sudhakaris
–
BL 2.1-4.1 mm. Cauda with 20-32
hairs
…..26
26
All dorsal abdominal hairs arising from conspicuous dark scleroites (Fig.5g). PT 3.3-4.3
× BASE VI. R IV+V 0.9-1.2 × HT II
……Macrosiphoniella millefolii
–
Dorsal abdominal hairs not arising from dark scleroites. PT 2.9-3.5 ×
BASE VI. RIV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II
……Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria
27
ANT III dark except at base, and bearing 8-32 rhinaria
……Macrosiphoniella ptarmicae
–
ANT III only dark towards apex, and bearing 3-13 rhinaria
……28
28
SIPH mainly pale/dusky, only dark towards apices, and reticulated over
distal 0.5-0.67 of length. R IV+V 0.6-0.8 × HT
…..Macrosiphoniella abrotani
–
SIPH black and reticulated over distal 0.34-0.45 of length. R IV+V
0.8-0.9 × HT II
…..Macrosiphoniella usquertensis
29
First tarsal segments with 3 hairs (a sense peg and a pair of lateral
hairs); rarely with one additional lateral hair. SIPH often paler basally,
and reticulated over distal 0.15-0.7
…..30
–
First tarsal segments with 5 hairs (sense peg plus 2 lateral pairs);
rarely with only 4 hairs. SIPH wholly dark, reticulated over distal 0.17-0.33
…..36
30
SIPH wholly dark, 1.1-1.3 × cauda and 0.16-0.24 × BL. Dorsal abdomen
with paired dark spinal sclerites, each bearing 2-3 hairs
…..Macrosiphoniella silvestrii
–
SIPH often pale basally, 1.25-2.9 × cauda and 0.20-0.33 × BL. Dorsal abdomen without paired spinal
sclerites; if with small dark scleroites then these are not fused between hair-bases
…..31
31
SIPH 1.7-2.9 × cauda
…..32
–
SIPH 1.25-1.5 × cauda
…..34
32
SIPH reticulated over distal 0.48-0.69. Dark crescent-shaped
presiphuncular sclerites usually present, and dorsal abdominal hairs arising
from dusky or dark scleroites (Fig.5h)
…..Macrosiphoniella sejuncta
–
SIPH
reticulated over distal 0.06-0.25. Presiphuncular sclerite usually not
evident, and dorsal abdominal hairs not arising from dark or dusky scleroites
(e.g. Fig.5i)
…..33
33
SIPH 2.0-2.9 × cauda, slightly expanded at apices, with reticulation
on subapical 0.06-0.13. Cauda with 6-8 hairs
.…..Macrosiphoniella aktashica
–
SIPH 1.8-2.3 × cauda, flared at apices, with reticulation on subapical
0.12-0.25. Cauda with 8-16 hairs
……Macrosiphoniella tapuskae
34
ANT III and middle part of hind tibia pale. (ANT III with 10-13
rhinaria, cauda with 14-18 hairs)
…..Macrosiphoniella cinerascens
–
ANT III and hind tibia mainly dark
…..35
35
ANT III with 30-44 rhinaria. R IV+V 0.75-0.95 × HT II. Cauda with
11-18 hairs
……Macrosiphoniella pennsylvanica
–
ANT III with 5-21 rhinaria. R IV+V 1.05-1.5 × HT II. Cauda with 8-10 hairs
……Uroleucon stoetzelae
36
Crescent-shaped presiphuncular sclerites present
…..37
– Presiphuncular sclerites absent (or very fragmented)
…..38
37
ANT III with more than 30 secondary rhinarai. Cauda more than 0.35 mm
long
…..Uroleucon ptarmicae*
–
ANT III with 9-12 secondary rhinaria. Cauda less tha 0.30 mm long
…..Uroleucon bulgaricum*
38
R IV + V bearing 17-24 accessory hairs
…..Uroleucon astronomus
–
RIV + V with 10 or fewer hairs
…..39
39
SIPH 1.9-2.5 × cauda
…..Uroleucon achilleae
–
SIPH 1.0-1.5 × cauda
…..40
40
Marginal tubercles (MTu) well developed and evident on at least ABD
TERG 2-5. SIPH 1.0-1.2 × cauda and 0.21-0.26 × BL
…..Uroleucon alaskense
–
MTu usually absent. SIPH 1.2-1.5 × cauda and 0.25-0.30 × BL
…..Uroleucon ambrosiae
41
Large transparent marginal tubercles
(MTu) present on all of at least ABD TERG 1-4 and 7 (e.g. Fig.5j)
…..42
–
MTu only always present on ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..44
42
SIPH
0.8-1.2 × cauda, which is rounded at apex
…..Aphis ligusticae
–
SIPH 1.9-2.6 × cauda, which tapers to a pointed apex
…..43
43
SIPH about 0.16 × BL. Cauda about as
long as its basal width, and about 0.07 × BL. Subgenital plate with 3-5 hairs
on anterior part
…….Aphis achilleaeradicis
–
SIPH 0.18-0.26 × BL. Cauda longer than its basal width, 0.08-0.10 ×
BL. Subgenital plate with (2-)7-16 hairson anterior part
…..Aphis vandergooti
44
ANT always 5-segmented. SIPH very short and flangeless (Fig.5k), 0.5-1.0 ×
cauda
……Aphis oligommata
–
ANT 6-segmented, except in small summer “dwarfs”. SIPH with a flange,
and 0.8-2.1 × cauda
…..45
45
Cauda tongue-shaped, much longer than R IV+V. ANT III without rhinaria
ANT
tubercles weakly developed, not exceeding height of medial part of front of
head in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu
……2
2
SIPH pale or dark, cauda pale or dusky
……3
–
SIPH andcauda both very
dark
……5
3
SIPH usually rather pale, only darker at
apices
…..Aphis nasturtii
–
SIPH uniformly dark
……4
4
Cauda 0.08-0.125 × BL (only more than 0.12 × BL
in very small specimens with BL less than 1 mm); pale to dusky, without a
constriction, less than 3 × longer than its width at midlength, and bearing
2-7 (usually 5-6) hairs
…..Aphis gossypii
–
Cauda 0.125-0.16 × BL, very pale, usually
with a slight mid-way constriction, more than 3 × longer than its narrowest
width at midlength, and bearing 6-9 (usually 8) hairs
..…Aphis glycines
5
Dorsum
with an extensive dark sclerotic patch. (Al. with sec. rhin. distributed ANT III
3-8 only)
……Aphis craccivora
–
Dorsum
without an extensive dark sclerotic patch
……6
6
ABD TERG 8 with 5-6 hairs. (Al. with sec. rhin. distributed ANT III
16-20, IV 6-12, V 3-7)
……Aphis achyranthi
–
ABD
TERG 8 with 2 hairs (rarely 3 or 4). (Al. with sec. rhin. distributed ANT III
6-11, IV 0-5, V 0)
Dorsum usually with an extensive dark sclerotic shield. Cauda
helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width
…..2
–
Dorsum without a dark shield. Cauda tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width
….4
2
SIPH greatly swollen distal to a narrow neck, and narrowing abruptly
to a subapical reticulated region. Cauda triangular, longer than its basal
width
…..Rhopalosiphoninus calthae
–
SIPH cylindrical/tapering. Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal
width
….3
3
SIPH 0.31-0.55 × ANT III. ANT
VI BASE 0.5-0.7 × HT II. R IV+V
0.9-1.2 × HT II
…..Brachycaudus napelli
–
SIPH 0.57-1.0 × ANT III. ANT VI
BASE 0.8-1.1 × HT II. R IV+V 1.2-1.6 ×
HT II
..…Brachycaudus aconiti
4
Head spiculose with inner faces of ANT tubercles steep-sided or apically convergent
…..5
–
Head
smooth with inner faces of ANT tubercles divergent
.….6
5
SIPH tapering/cylindrical. Inner faces of ANT tubercles almost
parallel. ANT III with 1-3 small rhinaria near base
…..Aulacorthum solani
–
SIPH
slightly clavate. Inner faces of ANT tubercles apically convergent. ANT III
without rhinaria
…..Myzus persicae
6
Dorsal abdomen with raised dusky/dark hair-bearing sclerites or
scleroites. SIPH 0.07-0.10 × BL, pale, without any subapical polygonal
reticulation. Cauda pale or dusky
…..7
–
Dorsal abdomen without dusky/dark sclerites/scleroites. SIPH 0.15-0.35
× BL, dark or pale, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Cauda
pale or dark
…..9
7
Abdominal spinal scleroites each bearing a single hair (rarely 2), which
is longer than the diameter of the scleroite (Fig.6f)
…..Nasonovia wahinkae
–
Abdominal spinal sclerites/scleroites mostly bearing 2 hairs, which are
shorter than the maximum diameter of the sclerite (Fig.6g)
…..8
8
SIPH usually a little shorter than cauda which bears 8-12 hairs. R
IV+V about equal in length to HT II
…..Nasonovia salebrosa*
–
SIPH 1.1-1.3 × cauda which bears 6-8 hairs. R IV+V 1.08-1.22 × HT II
…..Nasonovia alatavica
=
9
SIPH pale, tapering or cylindrical, 0.25-0.25 × BL. Cauda pale.
Thoracic spiracles of normal size, like those on abdomen
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
SIPH usually dark at least distally, often with a swollen section at
about midlength, 0.15-0.20 × BL. Cauda dark. Thoracic spiracles much larger
than abdominal ones (Fig.6h)
.….10
10
SIPH 1.1-1.3 × cauda and 0.15-0.19 × BL, and mainly dark except at
their bases. Cauda with 6-18 hairs (Fig.6i)
…..Delphiniobium junackianum
–
SIPH 1.3-2.0 × cauda and 0.19-0.26 × BL, and dark on distal half or
less. Cauda with 6-10 hairs
……11
11
SIPH 1.6-2.0 × cauda which is 0.33-0.43 mm long, bears 7-10 hairs (usually
8-9), and has distal part clearly thicker than hind femur, from where it tapers rather abruptly to a rounded apex (Fig.6j)
…..Delphiniobium carpaticae or lycoctoni
–
SIPH 1.3-1.55 × cauda which is 0.44-0.53 mm long, bears 6-8 hairs
(usually 6), and has distal part maximally about as thick as or thinner than
hind femur, from where it tapers gradually almost to a point (Fig.6k)
…..12
12
SIPH tapering from base to flange
…..Delphiniobium aconitifoliae*
–
SIPH
with slightly or distinctly swollen middle section
…..13
13
ANT III with 44-57 rhinaria extending over basal 0.75
…..Delphiniobium
gyamdaense*
–
ANT III with 10-33 rhinaria restricted to basal 0.5
…..14
14
SIPH mainly pale, only dark on reticulated distal section. Femora pale
or only dark at apices
…..Delphiniobium yezoense
–
SIPH dusky or dark on distal 0.65-0.75 of length. Femora dark on distal 0.35-0.45 of length
Body dorsoventrally
flattened, subcircular, wholly sclerotic with a distinct crenulate margin due
to a continuous row of wax glands. SIPH in form of pores. Head with a pair of
forwardly directed frontal horns
…..Cerataphis brasiliensis
–
Body of “normal” aphid
form. SIPH tubular. No frontal horns
…..2
2
ANT tubercles well developed, with inner faces scabrous and convergent
in dorsal view. SIPH and cauda pale. (Dorsum with a pattern of dark
intersegmental markings)
……Myzus ornatus
–
ANT tubercleslow; if at all developed then with
inner faces broadly divergent, and median frontal tubercle also developed.
SIPH and cauda dark
…..3
3
Stridulatory apparatus present (fig.122). Cauda with 10-26 hairs
…..Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii
–
No stridulatory
apparatus. Cauda with 4-10 hairs
…..4
4
SIPH tapering, without
any evident distal swelling and without a subapical constriction proximal to the
flange, which is small. Dorsal cuticle not ornamented with nodules arranged
in polygons
……5
–
SIPH slightly or
moderately swollen on distal part, and then abruptly narrowing to a smooth constriction proximal to the flange,
which is well developed. Dorsal cuticle with a pattern of bead-like nodules
arranged in polygons, each polygon enclosing one or more additional nodules
…..8
5
Dorsal abdomen with an
extensive black shield
.….Aphis craccivora
–
Dorsal abdomen without a
black shield
.….6
6
Hairs on dorsal body,
legs and ANT long and fine; longest hairs on ANT III 1.3-3.5 × longer than BD
III. Femora dark
……7
–
Hairs much shorter; longest hairs on ANT III shorter than BD III. Femora mainly pale
……Schizaphis rotundiventris
7
ANT III 7-12 × longer
than the longest hair (30-69 μm) borne upon it. ABD TERG 8 with 5-7
hairs
…..Schizaphis acori
–
ANT III 4.4-7.1 × longer
than the longest hair (53-108 μm) borne upon it. ABD TERG 8 with 6-16
hairs
…..Schizaphis scirpi
8
Longest hairs on ANT III much longer than (1.8-2.25 ×) BD III. SIPH
0.10-0.12 × BL
…..Rhopalosiphum rufulum
–
Longest hairs on ANT III
shorter than BD III. SIPH 0.12-0.22 × BL
……9
9
SIPH 0.12-0.14 × BL, almost cylindrical with slight distal swelling
…..Rhopalosiphum padi
–
SIPH 0.18-0.22 × BL, with
distinct swelling on distal half
SIPH with a subapical
zone of polygonal reticulation, and HT
II 0.57-0.75 × ANT VI BASE
…..Macrosiphum vershtshagini
–
SIPH either without subapical polygonal reticulation or HT II 0.8-1.0 × ANT VI BASE
…..2
2
Front of head with ANT tubercles absent or weakly developed. Marginal tubercles (MTu) present on most or all of ABD TERG 2-4(-5), as well as on 1 and 7. HT II with dorsal hairs, including dorsoapical pair, very short and inconspicuous. R IV+V 1.1-1.3 × HT II. Cauda finger-shaped, constricted in middle, with 13-19 hairs